Bulletins of American paleontology (Bull. Am. paleontol.) Vol 41621190210

6

L

BULLETINS
OF

AMERICAN

PALEONTOLOGY
No.

December

Harris

1

S, fpo2.

Company

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

U.

S.

A.
•mninstit,.

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—

BULLETINS
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o

Vol.
No.

No.

I.

2.

— Claiborne

I.

—Synonymy
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—New or

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Vol.

4.

BUU,£TINS
OF

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

NO. 16

EOCENE OUTCROPS

IN

CENTRAL GEORGIA

BY

G. D. Harris.

December

Harris

8, 1902.

Company

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

U.

S.

A.



SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.
Introduction:

Progress in other States; Georgia behind the

other States

3

Recent Investigations
Lower Claiborne:
Lignitic:

Woods

4-7

Griswold

4

Bluff Beds:

Roberts

4

General stratigraphy of Woods Bluff beds; easternmost
outcrop;

meaning

in

embayment

history

Kind

of sediment, meaning
Other Beds and Horizons: Grovetown

Fossils at Roberts

5

6
6
7

—
Introduction.
Progress in other States.

— Through

the intelligent exertions

and others, the Tertiary Geology (including
paleontology and stratigraphy) of Alabama is fairly well known.
Hilgard pointed out the general scheme of Mississippi stratigraphy long ago. Recent surveys are bringing to light the true
disposition of the various Tertiary terranes on the Gulf west of

of Smith, Aldrich

the Mississippi.

—

Georgia behind the other States.
Our knowledge of the TerAbout the
Georgia, however, is most deplorably small.
Florida line, to be sure, as well as along the Chattahoochee, the
Alabama line, a few facts have been noted that are important so
far as they go.
Spencer while State Geologist, published a map
of western Georgia on which the subdivisions of the Eocene,
worked out in Alabama, were made to pass up to the northeast in
So far
a fairly regular manner to the eastern border of his map.
as the distribution of the stages of the Eocene is concerned on
that map, it is wholly hypothetical and bears almost no semblance
to the truth.
The beds he represents, upon the Chattahoochee,
are very quickly blanketed under a northern extension of the
Oligocene as has been indicated, though on a small scale map, in
tiaries of


Bulletin

4

16

4

This we determined several years ago (See
We now have good Oligocene
collections from Cuthbert, Dawson, Smithville, Americus, Andersonville, and even Rich Hill, north of Fort Valley and east of
Roberta.
Perry, Haynesville and Hawkinsville are all Oligocene
Bulletin 15, p. 42.

Amer. Geol.,

vol. 18, 1896, p. 236).

localities.

On the east side of the Ocmulgee, however, along the railway
leading back to Macon, imperfect specimens indicate a Lower
Claiborne horizon, for the lower country at least.

Recent Investigations.
Lower

Claiborne.

—

Griswold.

About a year ago, while on our way to take
charge of geological work in Louisiana, we collected at some fine
fossiliferous localities of this horizon in the vicinity of Griswold,

and heard of several others in the same general region but had no
time to inspect them. This outcrop is in a V-shaped valley about
two miles south of Griswold or about 10 miles east of Macon.
The Lower Claiborne rock consists of a hard bed of the typical
"buhrstone," of former geological works, about 10 feet in thickness, replete with fossil remains.
In less indurated, or in sandy
seams, and just below the main bed many fine specimens of
silicified shells were collected.
Sandy beds were noted below the
above-mentioned hard layer for a distance of 40 feet. Above,
and between this outcrop and the station, red sandy hills rise to
the height of 140 feet above the fossiliferous bed or above the
station, the latter two points being upon about the same level.
Near the station were noted red sands mottled with white clay.
One mile west of Griswold extensive white clay deposits were
found along the line of the railway leading to Macon.
Lignitic.

Woods

—

Bluff Beds.

however, to the interesting outcrop near the
from Maeon to Milledgeville,

about seven miles in an easterly direction from Macon that we
Roberts.

little

It

is,

station on the railway leading

would

call special attention in

The exact

locality

cut about 30 feet deep.

is

the present paper.

one mile east of the station
The light gra3' sandy clays

in a railwa)'
in the

lower


Fo\dout
L\stPage(sV-

Eocene Outcrops

Central Georgia

in

portion of this cut, which become upon drying a light olive gray,
remind one at once of the uppermost Lignitic or Woods Bluff
beds about Ozark, Alabama, as described in Bulletin 9.

We

mainly of bivalves, and though
seemingly whole while in the wet clay, crumble and fall to pieces
on drying or exposure to the atmosphere. They are gone entirely
from the upper part of the cut, and their presence there ever
might even be questioned.
notice that the fossils consist

General stratigraphy of Woods Bluff
into details regarding this upper

beds.

Lignitic

— Before

fauna,

entering

we may

well

space to a consideration of the geographical position of this outcrop in its relation to outcrops of like age further

devote a

little

west.

Specimens recently sent from a well at Sour Lake, Texas,
2,500 feet in depth showed molluscan forms closely related to
Melanopsis planoidea Aid. and Ostrea var. of some of the large
Lignitic species.

The Sabinetown

bluff we have already identified with the
But between this locality and Alabama we

have seen no traces of an upper Lignitic horizon. We would
naturally expect to find such beds constituting the upper strata of

Wood's

Bluff beds.

the great Lignitic embay ment of the Mississippi valley, recently
mapped in our Louisiana Survey Report for 1902. Hilgard's
identification of fossils from this horizon from the Lake Providence borings we have shown in the Report just mentioned to be
erroneous.
Farther east the Woods Bluff beds are typically
displayed through the second tier of counties from the southern

border of Alabama.

—

Easternmost outcrop. So
extreme southern location of
therefore the greater

when we

far,
all

we

are

impressed with the

these beds.

find this

Woods

Our

surprise

is

Bluff outcrop 100

miles east and 75 miles farther north than any outcrop ever before
known.
That the Lower Claiborne beds take this northeasterly deflection upon crossing the Chattahoochee is well known; though they
are often hidden by younger deposits, they do crop out in central
Georgia as we have just proven, and come again to the surface in
great force in the Carolinas, to
Virginia.

Meaning

in

feather out again in southern

Embayment history.—-The bearing

of these facts


Bulletin

6

6

16

on the history of the Mississippi embayment
and important.

The age

of the

Woods

is

at

once interesting

Bluff sub-stage therefore

marks the
Eocene

greatest southern retreat of the Gulf's waters during the

For the Eower Claiborne seas began to make an inroad
upon the area now occupied by western Mississippi, and the
era.

Jackson seas reached the region of Crowley's Bluff, Ark., or still
farther north.
Again the sea or Gulf water was forced back and
the Vicksburg beds were deposited over an area strikingly similar
to that represented

by the Woods Bluff

deposits.

—

Kind

The character of the material
of sediment, meaning.
composing the Woods Bluff outcrop near Roberts is also well
worthy of remark. As a rule, naturally, the Tertiaries along this
Archaean border have derived their sediment from the quartz and
feldspars so abundant in the crystalline rocks close at hand.

In
fact the Eocene beds of the eastern part of Georgia, save the
buhrstone beds, are composed of rather coarse sand and clays of
various kinds and colors, but especially of white or whitish decayed feldspars resembling sometimes the purest kaolins. They
are wrought to a considerable extent in this State and South
Carolina.
Not so with this Woods Bluff bed. Its origin is evidently of a secondary nature or, at any rate, precisely the same as
that of the beds of the same age in southern Alabama and at
Sabinetown, Texas. This would lead to the inference that there
were currents capable to transport earlier Eocene and Cretaceous
materials along the shore or in shallow waters from, probably,
the Alabama region to central Georgia.
Other Beds and Horizons.

—

Grovetown.
So far as the general appearance of the lower
Tertiary beds are concerned, one has only to visit the vicinity of
Grovetown to form a fair idea upon the subject. To the northwest of the railway, and perhaps one-half mile west of the residence of Dr. Hatton, one sees in the lowest stream basins sand
beds with much clay and many quartz pebbles.
About and above
such places are at least 20 feet of similar arenaceous beds though
hardened, presumably by calcium carbonate. This whitish rock
is used for chimneys and a few other purposes.
They seem to
contain no fossil remains.
Above, however, from 10 to 30 feet
come stiff white clays with small bivalve shells and some Bryozoa.

Eocene Outcrops

7

in

Central Georgia

7

In the harder part of this layer the best fossils are to be found.
At Mr. Reed's place, four miles south of Grovetown, a shaft
has been sunk to the depth of 90 feet for prospecting purposes.
It started in an impure lignite bed some 20 feet thick though

Below,
intercalated with clayey layers of varying thickness.
appear white rocky ledges from four to six feet thick, presumably
of the same horizon as those described one-half mile west of Dr.
Hattou's.
Still lower are white chalky clays with here and there
masses of quartz pebbles; and lowest of all the "chalk" boulders.
West of Grovetown, near the 16th milepost on the railway from
Augusta, ferruginous sandstone occurs in considerable masses.
Purple, pink, white and yellow clays are to be seen in many
localities.

The

fossils

from this

locality

consist

most exclusively of

Oyster fragments and a large, long, plicated species of Modiola.

We

prefer to obtain further collections at this place before deciding definitely regarding its horizon.

Fossils at Roberts.

As

stated above, the fossils near Roberts are not well pre-

served, but the following species have been identified,:

,

Venericardia planicosta, Psammobia ozar'kana, Lucina cf. symmetrica, Nucula ovula, Protocardia lenis, var. Periploma, smaller,
more inflated than collardi, Meretrix var. nuttalliopsis, Yoldia ald,

richiana,

Volutilithes petrosus,

clevelandia var.

f

Chysodomus

striatus,

Turritella



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— The LAgnitic Stage.

Part

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— Scaphopoda, Gastro-

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12.

— The Devonian and
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Vol. IV.
No.

16. — Eocene Outcrops

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A

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still remain unsold.

the

Tertiary Formations

Price: $3-50.

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Vol.

4.

BULLETINS
OF

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

NO. 17

THE FAUNAS OF THE TRENTON AT THE TYPE
SECTION AND AT NEWPORT, N. Y.

BY

Percy

Raymond.

E.

December

8,

ipoj.

^wm
Harris

Company

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

U.

S.

A.

J
K.

AN 1^

Wonal

mstit

]

1

.

Muse^



THE FAUNAS OF THE TRENTON AT THE TYPE

SECTION AND AT NEWPORT, N. Y.
BY

Percy

E.

Raymond.

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.
Page

Introduction
Previous

5

Work

5

The Trenton Section

6-12

Rem ARKvS

The Faunas of the Basal Trenton
of West Canada Creek

13-14

in

the Valley
14

The Section

14

Conclusion

17

Summary

18



Introduction.
In the

summer

of 1900 the headquarters of the Cornell

Sum-

mer School of Field Geology were at Trenton Falls, New York.
Four weeks were spent by Dr. H. F. Cleland, Mr. Tho. A.
Caine, and the writer, in a detailed study of the section exposed
in the gorge.
In the course of the work we collected from each
layer, beginning with the lowest
noted the relative abundance
of the more common species
and saved specimens from each
;

;

layer for careful study in the laboratory.
Unfortunately such
study has not yet been made but as this is the type section of
the Trenton, the writer has thought that perhaps it would be
worth while to give the following preliminary note in order to
;

show the range of the common species.
The faunal lists are a
compilation from the note books which were kept separately, but
The
the writer is responsible for the grouping into faunules.
sixty-eight divisions of the field work have been reduced to
sixteen.*

Previous Work.
Theodore G. White, in his Faunas of the Upper Ordovician

Strata at Trenton Falls, N. Y.,f gives a short account of the
literature of this section, and it is unnecessary to repeat it here.
Mr. White's paper contains a detailed section, but is the result
work at an unfavorable time of the year, November.
He divided the section into twenty-three zones. Deducting
the first three, which are duplicated, there remain twenty faunal
zones, eleven of which are reported as containing more than one
species.
Only one of these zones was considered sufficiently
characterized by any fossil or group of fossils to be mentioned
especially, and that was D21, which was called the zone of
Rafinesquina dclioidea.
It was six feet in thickness and corresponds to the top of M, just below the Rafinesquina deltoidea zone
of hurried

of the present paper.

After describing the Rathboue Brook and Poland Limekiln
certain conclusions were drawn from a study of the
faunal lists.
The first three are as follows

sections,

:

*My thanks

are due to Dr. Cleland

the notes.
|Trans. N. Y.

Academy

and Mr. Caine

Sciences, Vol.

XV,

for permission to use

pp. 71-96, April

3,

1896.


Bulletin

14

17

First
The almost universal prevalence of Orthis teshtdinaria
Rafinesquina alternata, Plectambonites sericeus,, Orthoceratites,
Asaphus platycephalus and Calymene senaria throughout the

:

,

formation.

Second The much greater number of forms found in the
Black River zones, and in general, also in the lower zones than
:

in those above.

Third

The

:

inczquivalvis ;

presence of crinoids

;

Prasapora, Rhynchotrema

concentricus principally in the lower

and Trinucleus

,

parts.

The fourth, fifth and sixth are not quoted, as they are not
pertinent to the present paper.
Prosser and Cumings* measured the section very accurately
They

and corrected the statigraphy of Mr. White's paper.

made no attempt

however.

to divide the section faunally,

The

Section.

A. 1-20 of field notes. Lower part of A of Prosser and
Cumings. Zone of Triplecia extans.
Lowest layers exposed in the section. It extends from water
level at the Narrows to the footpath.
Fine grained, dark gray
limestone, in layers from one to eleven inches thick, alternating
with thin, shaly layers. About eight and one-half feet below
the path is a very fossiliferous layer, from which good specimens
of Trocholites, Murchisonia, Triplecia, and the two common

1

trilobites

may be

Lingida

obtained.

15

ft.

r,

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Rafinesquina alternata,
Plectambonites sericeus,
Triplecia extans, r,

r,

Murchisonia

r,

Leperditia sp.

,

,

Trocholites

ammonius,

p. 619.

c,

r.

c,

c.

Fifteenth Annual Report of the
I,

rr,

rr,

Endoceras sp., r,
Crinoid columns,

r,

,

r,

Orthoceras sps.,

gracilis, rr,

* Lower Silurian Sections.
State Geologist.
Vol.
1895.

in.

Monticulipora lycoperdon,
Ctenodonta levata, r,

r,

Asaphus platycephalus,

10

ft.

Stictopora sp.

c,

rr,

Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus,

= 15

Calymene senaria, c,
Ceraurus pleurexa?ithemus

sp., r,

Trematis terminalis,

10 in.

New York


Range of Trenton Species

15

Upper part

B. 21-30 of field notes.

of

A

x

,

7

&

P.

C.

This zone extends from the hard layer below the path at
Sherman Falls to the first prominent seam in the face of the fall.
Irregular beds of quite pure fine grained limestone in layers two
Contains a
to eight inches thick, separated by shaly partings.
few layers of coarser grained, semi-crystalline limestone. The
upper 2 ft. 8 in. forms a band which is made noticeable by the
nodular appearance of its weathered surface.
It contains many
fucoidal remains.

Lingula

9

ft.

= 25

9 in.

Damanella

rr,

testudinaria,

Plectambonites sericeus,

A

2

,

Leperditia sp.
rr,
-

&

P.

c,

r,

,

Stictopora elegantula, rr,

r,

Zygospira recurvirostris,
Ctenodonta levata, rr,
Bellerophon bilobatus, r,
C. 31 of notes.

Calymene senaria,

r,

r,

Rafinesquiiia alternata,

7 in.

Murchisonia gracilis, rr,
Asaphiis platycephalus, c,

rectilateralis, rr,

Trematis termi?ialis,

ft.

Monticulipora ly coperdon*

Orthoceras sp., r,
Crinoid columns, c.

c,

C.

more impure limestone separated
Interbedded with these are a few thin,
coarsely crystalline layers which are, especially toward the top,
full of Dalmaneila tcstudinaria.
Some of the other layers are
made almost entirely of crinoid stems. This zone forms the
conspicuous layer in the upper part of Sherman Falls.
10 ft.
8 in.
36 ft. 3 in.
Three

to five inch layers of

by shaly partings.

=

Trematis terminalis

,

Calymene senaria, r,

Ceraurus fileurexanthenms,

rr,

Dalmaneila teshidinaria

,

c,

Zygospira recurvirostris, rr,
Bellerophon bilobatns, rr,
Monticulipora lycoperdon, c,
A saph u s pla tyceph a Ins, c
D. 32-42 of notes.

A +2

Leperditia sp.,
Orthoceras sp.,
Crinoid stems,

ft.

3

Impure shaly limestone

* This
I,

name

is

A

,

4

P.

rr,
a.

&

C.

at the base, grading into purer blue

black layers with shaly partings.
the east side of the stream above

Vol.

5 in. of

rr.

r,

Best exposed for collecting on

Sherman

Falls.

Most

fossilifer-

used throughout this paper in the same meaning as in

Pal. of N. V.


Bulletin
ous near the top.

16

17

It includes nearly half of the

layer so prominent along the path between

High

49

ft.

Zone of Plectambonites

Falls.

heavy black

Sherman and Lower

sericeus.

13

5 in.

ft.

=

8 in.

Lingula

sp.

,

Asaphus platycephalus,
Calymene sefiaria, c,

r,

Trematis terminalis,

r,

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

Diplograptus amplexicaulis

c,

Stictopora sp.

rr,

rr,

r,

,

,

E. 43 of notes.

,

rr,

,

Monticulipora lycoperdon,
Orthoceras sp. r,
Crinoid columns, c.

Rafiyiesquina alternata, r,
Plectambonites sericeus, aa,

Ctenodonta sp. rr,
Bellerophon bilobatus,

c,

r,

Upper

A

part of

,

P.

&

C.

Blue black, fairly pure limestone, whose surface becomes very
rough on weathering.
Best exposed for collecting on east side
of stream.

Trilobite zone.

Trematis terminalis\

1

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

7 in.

ft.

r,

rr,

Rafinesquina alternata,
Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus,

r,

c,

= 51

ft.

3 in:

Asaphus platycephalus,
Calymene senaria, a,

c,

-

rr,

a,

Diplograptus amplexicaulis,
Monticulipora lycoperdon, rr,
Orthoceras sp., c,
Crinoid columns, c.

c,

&

F. 44-46 of notes.
F. G. H. and I.
Base of A., P.
C.
constitute the zone of Monticulipora lycoperdon.
Dark gray, quite pure layers of limestone, two to six inches
thick, alternating with thin shaly layers containing an

of the hemispheric forms

known

This zone forms the lower layers of Lower High
5 in-

=57

Lingula

f t.

abundance

as Monticulipora lycoperdon Hall.

6

Fall.

ft.

8 in.

Asaphus platycephalus,

sp., rr,

Trematis terminalis

,

c,

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

Monticulipora lycoperdon,

rr,

Rafinesquina alternata,
Plectambonites sericeus,

r,

rr,

Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus, r,

G. 47 of notes.

c,

r,

Calymene senaria, c,
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus

r,

Part of A., P.

Stictopora elegantula,

Orthoceras sps.,

c,

Pelecj'poda sps., r,
Crinoid columns, r.

&

C.

r,

,

a,

rr,


Range of Trenton Species

i7

At the bottom

is

a five inch layer of hard, coarsely crystalline,

gray limestone containing Cyrtoccras. Above this are three
feet of very fossiliferous shaly and nodular limestone.
The remainder of the zone is made up of pure dark gray layers with
shaly partings.
The limestone contains few fossils, but in the
shaly partings Monticulipora lycoperdoyi and Bellerophon bilobatas
are abundant.
15 ft. 4 in. == 73 ft.
light

Lingula

sp.

Dalmanella

—Cyrtoceras sp. rr,
Asaphus platycephalus,

r,

,

,

Trematis terminalis,

c,

Platystrophia lynx,

r,

Rafinesquina alternata,
Plcctambonitcs sericeus,

H. 48-50
Fine
ft.

r,

6 in.

a,

bluish limestone in thin layers, with shaly
followed by rather unfossiliferous nodular limestone.

=81

ft.

6 in.

Trematis terminalis

Diplograptus amplexicaulis,

r,

,

Rafinesquina alternata,
Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus,

51-54 of notes.

Monticulipora lycoperdon,

r.

c,

Ctenodo7ita uasuta, rr,

rr,

""Orthoceras sps., c,
Fucoids, r,
Crinoid columns, c.

rr,

Part of

rr,

Stictopora elegantula, rr,

c,

r,

Asaphus platycephalus,
Calymene senaria, r,

End

r,

Part of A., P. &. C.

of notes.

Dalmanella testudinaria,

I.

Monticulipora lycoperdon,
Crinoid columns, c.

r,

,

rr,

grained,

partings,
8

Stictopora sp.,

c,

Zygospird recurvirostris;
Bellerophon bilobattis, a,

c,

Calymene senaria, c,
Ceranrus pleurexanthemus

testu din aria, c,

A

,

P.

s

&

C.

of the zone of Monticulipora lycoperdon.

Three to four inch layers of nodular, impure limestone, separated by rather thick layers of shale.
The zone ends with a
layer about two and one-half feet thick, which is so nodular as
to

appear contorted.

in this mass.

33

ft.

Fossils not very well preserved
5 in.

= 114

ft.

11 in.

anywhere


Bulletin

IO

Lmgula

sp.,

Monticulipora lycoperdon,

r,

Trematis terminalis r,
Dalma?iella testudiyiaria, c,
Rafinesquina alternata, r,
Zygospira recurvirostris r,

Diplograptus amplexicaulis,

Conularia trentonensis, r,
Pelecypoda sps. r,

Calyme?ie senaria,

Ceraurus pleurexanthemus

Top

,

of

,

c,

*Endoceras sp., c,
Fucoids, r,
Crinoid columns,

c,

c,

55~57 °f notes.

Orthoceras sp.

'

c,

Asaphus platycephahis,

r,

,

,

Bellerophon bilobatus,

a,

Stictopora elegantula, rr,

,

J-

18

17

r,

A,,

and base of

A

6

,

P.

c.

&

C.

The lower ten feet consist of quite pure, thin bedded dark
gray limestone with shaly partings. The upper three feet are
very impure limestone interbedded with thick layers of shale.
Exposed just above Middle High Fall. The base of the contorted
stratum of Theodore G. White, which is also a datum point for
Prosser & Cumings' measurements, is 7 ft. 8 in. above the base
of this zone.

Lingula

13

4

ft.

rectilatei'alis

Trematis terminalis

= 128

in.

,

Plectambonites sericeus,

K. 58-59 of notes.

,

r,

r,

Part of

c,

Conularia trentonensis, rr,
Monticulipora lycoperdon, r,
"Orthoceras sp., c,
Fucoids, r,
Crinoid columns, r.

rr,

Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus, c,

,

Cerauriis pleurexanthemus rr,

c,

rr,

Rafinesquina alternata,

3 in.

Asaphus platycephahis
Calymene senaria, r,

rr,

,

r,

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Triplecia extans,

ft.

A

6,

P.

&

C.

Hard, fine grained, quite pure limestone with shaly partings,
grading into a very thin bedded portion. In the lower part
Bellerophon bilobatus is very abundant and finely preserved, while
in the upper third Dalmanella testudinaria is dominant, the shale
being full of fine specimens. The zone extends to the seam in
the
27

cliff
ft.

of

2 in.

Upper High

=

155

ft.

5 in.

Fall.

Zone

of Bellcropho7i

bilobahis.


Range of Trenton Species

19

Ling ula

Aasphus platycephalus,

sp., c,

Trcmatis terminalis, rr,
Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

R. delto idea,

a,

r,

c,

Zygospira recurvirostris,
Bellerophon bilobatus, a,

,

r,

Top

L. 60-62 of notes.

r,

,

rr,

Plectambonites serieeus,

r,

,

Diplograptus amplexicaulis,
Conularia trentonensis rr,
Monticidipora lycoperdon, c,
—Orllwceras sp. c,
-Endoceras sp., r,
Crinoid columns c.

a,

Rafincsquina alternata,

r,

Calymene senaria, r,
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus

of

A

6

and base of

A

P.

,

&

C.

Somewhat crystalline layers interbedded with shale, ending in
an impure nodular layer which is full of crinoid stems. Well
exposed on east side of creek at top of High Pall and along the
22 ft.
stream to Mill Dam Fall.
Zone of Platystrophia lynx.
9

in.

= 178

2 in.

ft.

Litigula rectilateralis,

Lingula

sp.

Zygospira recurvirostris, r,
Bellerophon bilobatus, rr,

rr,

r,

,

Trematis terminalis

,

Asaphus platycephalus,

rr,

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx, aa,
Raji?iesqui?ia atternala,

R. delto idea,

Pelecypoda sps.,
—Orthoceras sp., r,
Crinoid columns

r,
r,

Rhynchotrema incequivalve

M. 63-64

Monticidipora lycoperdon,

c,

Plectambonites serieeus,

of notes.

r,

Calymene senaria, rr,
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus

a,

,

Top

r,

of

A

and base
?

of

A

P.

8,

r,

,

r,

r,

a.

&

C.

Pure, fine-grained, black limestone in rather thin layers with
shaly partings.
Breaks with conchoidal fracture. Well shown

dug by the Electric Power Co. Second zone of Plectambonites serieeus.
22 ft. 8 in.
200 ft. 10 in.

in trench

=

Lingula

Asaphus platycephalus,
Calymene senaria, r,

rectilateralis, rr

Lingula, sp. c,
Trematis terminalis, rr,
Dalmanella testudinaria
,

Platystrophia lynx,

Ceraurus pleurexanthemus
c,

rr,

Rafinesquina alternata,
R. delto idea, c,

c,

Plectambonites serieeus,

a,

Zygospira recurviYostris,

r,

r,

Leperditia sp., r,'
Monticulipo?'a lycoperdon
—Orthoceras sp. r,
Poteriocrinus gracilis, r,
Crinoid columns, r.
,

,

,

r.

rr,


Bulletin

12

N. 65-66 of notes.

Part of

A

a

,

17

P.

&

20

.

C.

same as M. Well exposed in cliff
on west side of the creek near the railroad bridge at Trenton
226
Chasm station. Zone of Rafinesquina deltoidea. 26 ft.
L,ithological character the

=

ft.

10

in.

Lingula, sp., rr,
Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

Leperditia sp., r,
Monticulipora lycoperdon,
Crinoid columns, c.

c,

Rafinesquina altemata,
R. deltoidea, aa,
Plectambonites sericeus,

O. 67 of notes.

Zygospira recurvirostris, r,
A saphus platycephalic s, r,

z.,

Top

r,

rr,

c,

A

of

8

,

P. &. C.

Fairly pure, light gray, semi-crystalline limestone in one to six
inch layers.
Extends to the base of the heavy bedded crystalline
rock, and belongs to the
of Platystrophia lynx.

same faunal zone with

17

ft.

Dalmanella testudinaria,
Platystrophia lynx,

68 of notes.

A

10

Second zone

it.

in.

Asaphus platycephalus,

r,

r,

Monticulipora lycoperdon,

&

of P.

g

ft.

Plectambonites sericeus, c,
Bellerophon bilobatus, rr,

a,

a,

Rafinesquina altemata,
R. deltoidea, r,
P.

= 243

r.

C.

Light gray, coarsely crystalline, heavy bedded limestone, made
up largely of the comminuted fragments of brachiopods and crinoid columns. Well exposed in several quarries between Trenton
Chasm station and Prospect. 26 ft.
269 ft. 10 in.

=

Asaphus platycephalus,

Lingula, sp. rr,
Trematis terminalis rr,
Dalmanella testudinaria,
,

,

Platystrophia lynx,

c,

Stictopora, sp.,

c,

Rafinesquina altemata,
R. deltoidea, c,
Plectambonites sericeus,

r,

r,

Zygospira recurvirostris,

r,

c,

Calymene senaria, rr,
Ceraiirus pleurexanthemus

,

c,

Monticulipora lycoperdon, c,
Conularia trentonensis, rr,
Crinoid columns, a.

r,


Range of Trenton Species

3i

13

Remarks.

The measurements give the same total, 270 feet, obtained by
Prosser and Cumings.*
It is interesting to note the relative abundance of each of the
prominent species through the various zones.

— Rare

in A and B, it becomes comand F, then common all through
the rest of the section, its greatest abundance being in K and L,
which might be called the Dalmanella zone were it not that it
remains abundant to the top.
Pledambonites sericeus.
Very rare at the base, it becomes
very abundant in D, 35 feet above. From E to K it is again
rare, then becomes more common and finally abundant in M, 150
feet above the first Pledambonites zone.
It remains fairly common

Dalmanella teshidinaria.
in C and D, rare again

mon

in

E

—

to the top.

Rafinesquina alternata.
•

for a short

— Common

distance and then

at the base,

fairly

it

becomes rare

common throughout

the

greater part of the section.

—

Rafinesqiiina deltoidea.
This fossil does not appear until the
top of
is reached, 130 feet above the base, and then it is rare

K

until

it

suddenly becomes very abundant in

N

at 200 feet.

In

the later zones it is again less common.
Platystrophia lynx.
Absent from the lower 35 feet, then occurs

very rarely up to K, when it becomes abundant in L at 175 feet,
rare in M, common in N, and abundant again in O and P, making

—

two zones about 50

feet apart.

— Found only the
and
15
Trematis terminalis. — Found rarely
through the section, and
common only
G.
Bellerophon
— In horizons but more common
Tripletia extans.

in

feet

first

in J.

all

is

in

bilobatus.

above the 70 foot
zone at 160 feet.

Asaphus

level,

all

reaching

Above

platycephalus.

is

its

that point

—This

culmination in the Bellerophon

it is

rare.

trilobite is

more common

in the

lower layers, reaching a maximum in E, only 50 feet above the
base.
It continues through the remainder of the rock.
It

Calymene se?iarla.
is most common

— About

the

same history as the preceding.

in the trilobite zone, but

*Prof. C. S. Prosser gives 275

ft.

may

as the result of a later

be found in

measurement.