Bulletins of American paleontology (Bull. Am. paleontol.) Vol 129133

P.j-B

OF

AMERICAN

PALEONTOLOGY

VOL. XXXII

1948-49

i'al.eontolouical research institution

Ithaca,

New York
U. S. A.


11


MUS. COMP. 200L

UBRARY

JUN

-7

I'M

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXII
Bulletin No.

129.
130.
l;il.

Brevicones from the New York Silurian
By Rousseau H. Flower
Crinoid Studies. Parts I-II
By HarreU L. Strimple
Eocene and 01ig:ocene Foraminifera from Little
Stave Creek, Clarke County, Alabama

By
132.

133.

Orville

L.

Bandy

Plates

Pages

1-2

1-14

-3-4

15-30

5-31

Holotype of Mytilarca (Plethomytiliis) knappi
Hall with a note on Ezra Dabcnck Knapp
By Burnett Smith
32
Crinoid Studies. Parts III-VIT
By Harrell L. Strimple
33-39

31-210

?

11-250

251-292

BULLETINS
AUG

10

igCs

OP

AMERICAN

PALEONTOLOGY

VOL. XXXII

NUMBER

129

1948
Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca,

New

York, U.

S.

A.



BULLETINS

OF

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGl'

Vol. 32

No. 129

EREVICONES FROM THE NEW YORK SILURIAN
By

Rousseau H. Flower
New York

State

Museum

July 22, 194-8

Paleoiitological

Research

Ithaca,

Institution

New York



BREVICONES FROM IHK NEW YORK SILLRIAN
By
Rousseau H. Flower
New York State Museiuii
Except
by beds

for the remark;0)k' ci-plialojwxl associatiim

(Clarke and

Silurian of

New

served

description.

for

uncertain

ot

uihbosKiii

^'()rk

structure

Hall

Ruedeniann,

ot"

the Shel-

cephaloixtds

1903),

the

in

are rare and often not well encjui^h pre-

The Medinan contains
and taxononu'c

])(»siti(tn

ortlioceracones

and Oiicdccras

(1851). a species wliich Foerste (1928,

There

referred with doubt to Cuiitplioceras.

still

p.

J2(/)

remains much

uiK-ertainty as to the affinities of this species wliich in form lies
between the compressed Ordovician Oncoceratiche and the de-

pressed bre\icones of the Silurian

The

prex'iously descri])ed

t\])ified

by Aniphicxrfoccras.

Clinton cei)halopods were listed

In-

new ones were described (Flower, 1942). To
added the new species Mandaloceras chacecr and

the writer and

these are

Goiiiphoccras
occiu" the

jezcrffi.

two

Shell))

the

In

Lockport and

overl_\ing-

(kieli)h

with a rich cephalrjpod assem-

h(jrizons

blage. The o\erlyin<;" shales of the Salina ha\e yielded few
good specimens. A crushed brevicone from tlie I'ittsford shale
was referred by Ruedemann (1916) to Scpfaiiicroceras H\att.
discoxered to be synonya genus which Foerste (1930, p. 381
mous with H cxaiiicroccras, the median seventh lobe of the
)

aperture being adventitious.'

Orthoceras

ortlioceracones

The

Ruedemann and

ccras oconellce

among the
Ruedemann and Dawsono-

Bertie has yielded

7'iciiiiis

several additional ortlioceracones

which are as \et unnamed. The Bertie
having su])plied f'risfcroccras

x\

is

rich

in

Ruedemann.

brevic(jnes,
Phraciiiio-

(Ruedemann).
areola Ruedemann.

Goiiiplioccras rucdciuainii b'oreste,

oscitla

ccri)ia

and

flniidiiiin

Plira(iiii()i'cras

considerable

assemblage

occurs

in

the

Col)leskill,

but

and tlie cephalopod fauna has
not been adecpiately described. Othoceracones are present, among
liest
tliem representatives of Oniioccras and Armctioccras.
preservation

known

of

Mitroccras

is

the

generally* ])oor,

Cobleskill

ycbliardi

form> are the striking trodioceroids,

(Hall)

and

Focrstcoceras

furhiiiatwn


Bulletin I2Q

Among

(Hall).

Phragmoceras

brevicone?

the

corallophilum

Clarke, redescribed in the present paper, proves to be a Tetra-

meroceras, the second species of the genus to
the

in

v.ianni

])e

encountered

American Silurian. Other brevicones are Cayugoceras
Flower (1947) and the form described below as Hexa-

meroceras bollmancr.

The Manliu5 fauna

is

virtually undes,cribed.

Here are reprenone

sentatives of Ormoceras, fragmentary and poorly ])reserved.

which

of

species

described

are

Cayugoceras,

anrl

as

Oiicoccras

yet.

generic

uncertain

of

but

position

m'oidcs
jiossibl}'

Hcrkiiiicmccras suhrcctitm

these are added the

new

to

To

belong here.

Phragmnccrina

species

a

Hall,
allied

lifrhfieldeiisis.

Three of the species described here are based upon material
from the collections of Cornell l'niversit\-. For opportunities
to study and descrilx- this material T am indebted to P'rof. W.
S. Cole. CXher material is from the New York State Museum.
Acknowledgment should also be made to the New York State
Aiuseum for defraying" the cost of the plates.
Mandaloceras chasea' Flower,

The holotype

is

n.

Plate

sp.

1,

figs.

.'1,

6

by pressure, a straight brevi-

slightly flattened

conic shell 57 mm. long, expanding from 11 mm. and 9 mm. at
the base, to 31 mm. and 22 mm. in the 33 mm. of the [)hragmocone, and contracting to a height of 17
Is so

crushed that the width

and venter are

sum more

is

mm.

negligible.

essentially straight

strongly curved than

at the

and diverging

tlie

aperture which

In profile the dorsum
basally, the dor-

venter over the gibbous por-

margin slightly convex to aperture, ventral ijrobecoming straight and then faintly concave. The aperture,
though distorted, shows clearly the long hyi>onomic sinus and
The margin of
the presence of a single pair of lateral sinuses.
Surface markings consi.st of
the aperture is faintly produced.
fine transverse rugose markings which reflect the course of a
hvponomic sinus from thr earliest growth stage. The siphuncle
tion, the dorsal
file

lies close to

the venter

Discussion.

;

its

structure has not been observed.

—Three specimens

in the

Jewett Collection of Cor-

nell University, No. 7075, bear the label "Oncoccras suhrectum,
Clinton group, Lockport. Very rare. ty])e of Hall. E. J." These

specimens consist

of

one

small

small very obese brevicone, and

unidentifiable

two

fragment

of

a

slightly flattened but rela-

Silurian Brevicones: Flower

complete

tively

Keinoval of the chert which surrounded

shells.

Mandalo-

the apertures disclose
ceras while the other
ett's

is

not

these si)eciniens are obviously

laljel,

Oncoccras

In spite of Jew-

a true Cioniphuccras.

the

ori^iny]

of

siibrcctuiii Hall, for the illustration accompanxinj,'- the

description sIkjws a conch rei)resented only by a septate phrag-

niocone which

specimens

consideral)l\' larger

is

unable to locate the

the obvious rep(Jsitories, the

Aluseum

ican

New York

Natural Historx,

of

L'niversity of California,

tlie

t_\pe

tlie

lonii^

tlie

am

i

stibrccfuiii.

State

have been

1

is

not in

the

Amer-

It

Museum,

I'nixersity of Chica,iio, or

indebted to the late Ur. Bruce

to Dr. J. Al. W'eller for assistance in die search for
This species is of uncertain
Oiicoccyas siihrcchnii.

and

L. Clark

(jf

generic

])resent time

Oncoceras

of

t_\i)e

than that of any of the three

At the

a\ailable for study.

representinj^

affinities,

a

])hraomocone wliich

be-

C(nild

kncnvn

to several of the varicms breviconic genera

the

in

Silurian.

Tlie two most nearly complete of the Cornell Cniversity
mens include the tyi^e of Minnhiloccrds cliasccc and that of

phoccras
in

M.

jc-cvctti.

cliasccc

distinctive amonj^-

is

the subconical rather than

dome-shaped

living

its

speciCiuin-

conj^eners

chamber, the

unusual length of the hypononiic sinus, and the small size of the
shell.

T\pc.

— Holotxiie.

Ofr»;';v//f('.-

stone, fide C. A.

t_\i)e

is

the

of

Clinton

(

Irondeciuoit

lime-

Hartnagle), Lcjckport, N. Y.

Gomphoceras jewetti Flower,

The

Cniversity Collection. No. 7025.

Cornell

Limestone
n.

Plate

sp.

1,

Hks.

1-3

smaller individual than the preceding

a slightly

species, displa\ing a very different aspect partly because flatten-

ing has been nearly

vertical

instead

of

lateral.

This

shell

ex-

mm. to 22 mm. and 28 mm. in the
pands from y mm. and
25 mm. of the phragmocone. The living chamber has a length
of 29 mm. forming a high dome, in which the features of the
aperture are not at once obvious. The hxponomic sinus can be
1

seen on the
I,

fig.

We

i),

left

i

of the center of the oblicpie ventral surface (I'l.

where the narrow middle

have been unable

to

see

an\-

evidence indicates that the main

form and

jK^rtion

trace

i»art

t\i>ical of the (ioiiiphoccras.

is

practically closed.

of lateral

sinuses.

The

of the aperture was pyri-


Bulletin 129

Discussion.

— This
was

ccras chacecc,

form, found in association with Mandalo-

higher,

no trace

very cHfferent

is

species.

shape, being not only

in

domelike rather than subconical, the sides curving

Ijut

much more
mic sinus

beheved to belong to the same

at first

The hving chamber

The hypono-

strongly as they approach the aperture.

is

of

much

clearh-

and the

shorter,

outward curvature along

two long sinuses

of

part of the

obviously without the

is

Mandaluceras but

a

margins show

The main

it.

aperture, though not plainl}- preserved,

shell

is

and

small

instead

round.

Type.

— Cornell Universit\- Collection, No. 38961.
— Cherty limestone the Clinton (Irondequoit

Occurrence.

of

limestone), Lockport, N. Y.
Tetrameroceras corallophilum (Clarke)
Hall, 18.51,
(45), pi. 76, fig. 3a-b.

PhriK/ntoccrax.-'

Phraqmuccras cornUophUuDi Clarke.
12tli Ann. Rep. (for 1892), p. 90.

The two

t\pes

which

b\'

Plate

189;?,

1,

New

Paleontologv of

New York

PI.

4;

fig.

Yoik,

veil.

State

tains

a

The

first

of these, the

considerable part

(jf

portion of the living chamber

however,
species

the

retains

This specimen

I

original

is

missing.

aperture

characteristics

select as the holotype in

as to generic position of the species

The base

of the

p.

4

.SSI

Geologist,

phragmocone

is

may

phragmo-

Hall's figure 3a,

of

but the

i)hragmocone,

the

complete

has the apertural

fig.

2,

this species is represented are both

laterally crushed individuals, representing a large-sized

ceroid.

2,

re-

dorsal

The second specimen,
and shows that
of

a

this

Tefranieroceras.

order that no ciuestion
arise.

obscure

in the holot_\pe,

but

becoming
slightly convex over the adoral part of the phragmocone, a condition w'hich persists to the aperture where the curve is interrupted
bv the protruding h\ponomic sinus. The dorsum is more strong-

the

ly

ventral

and

profile

apparently

ch-amber in

maximum

its

is

evidently

uniformly-

concave

convex

adapicallw

throughout.

The

living

present condition has a basal height of yz mm., a

length of 70

mm. The

\entral

])rofile

is

convex for

40 mm., where the protruding hyponomic sinus begins. This extends obliquely outward with an aperture 15 mm. high. The
aperture is slitlike for 48 mm. where it joins the main part of


Silurian Brevicones

the aperture which develops

two

lon^s;

Flower

:

sinuses on each side, the

dorsal one long and straight, the ventral one shorter and curved

with the convexit}' directed dorsad.

mm.

high at mid-length,

aperture

the

of

is

mm.

0<)

inclined

The

living

chamber

higli at the aperture.

is

72

The plane

about 30 tlegrees to the plane of

the suture.

The
al

sutures are essentiall}' transverse, developing slight laterthree adoral camerge, very faint, which

The type shows

lobes.

are geronticall\' shortened

The

;

normal camerse are

of

moderate depth.

form of the early part of the shell
better than does the holot\pe, and the spacing of the camerse
can be clearly seen. It fails, however, to show more than the
jjarat\pe tlisplays the

ventral half of the aperture, leaving doubt as to the true generic
position of the species.

The proportions

of

the

two specimens

are quite similar.

Types.

— Lectoholotype

and paii^ype,

New York

State

Mu-

seum.

—

Cobleskill limestone, Schoharie, N. Y.
Occurrence.
Plate 2, figs. 5-7
Hexameroceras bollman£e Flower, n. sp.
Conch strongly curved adapically, less curved and strongly

on

increases from 20

mm.

33

;

Sutures

mature portion.

gibbous

mocone

ventral length

chamber with height

of

subparallel.

The phrag-

mm. and 28 mm. to 41 mm. and
dorsal length 22 mm. Living
t6 mm.
34 mm. attaining 45 mm. and 35 mm.
;

at gibbous region. The ventral profile is strongly and nearly uniformh- convex throughout; dorsal profile faindy concave adapicallv. nearly straight, and then slightly convex over the mid-

dle of living
tral

sinus, 28

chamber. The aperture bears a long narrow venmm. long, which is not so produced as is normal

in the genus,

The main

and does not extend out over the ventral

part of the ai)erture.

ous feature

is

an elevation

of

is

unfortunately obscure.

the

internal

profile.

A

curi-

mold on the mid-

dorsal region, faintly and deceptively suggestive of the type of

aperture for which the genus .Septamerocera.^ was erected. This
is

believed to be a feature connected with the slight distortion to

which the adoral end of the living chamber has been subjected.
The eight normal camerge increase in depth from 2 mm. to 4


Bulletin 129

mm., and are followed on the t}pe by a gerontic faint crenulated
zone representing one or two more incipient septa.
Discussion.
In form this species is perhaps closest to Hexa-

—

meroceras

Foerste (1930,

liertzeri

cf.

and

pi.

22,

fig.

3a) but differs

which are more closely spaced

in a slightly larger size, sutures

orad on

essentially parallel, instead of sloping increasingly

the venter in adoral camera.

Type.

— New York State Museum,
— Cobleskill limestone,

Occurrence.

PHRAGMOCERINA

Genus

Genotype.

This genus

(ioinpliocern.^

No. 105 18.
Stafford, N. Y.
Flower,

n.sciiliiin

n.

gen.

Rnedemann

two Upper Silurian
from both Phragnnoccras and Gomphoceras
to such an extent that the wisest course seems to be to place
them in a genus by themselves. Idie shells are endogastric
and moderately (in contrast to strongly) compressed. The apispecies

ca-l

is

which

erected for the reception of

differ

part of the shell

is

faintl_\-

curved, the adoral part of the

phragmocone and the mature living chamber become nearly
straight. The ventral profile becomes convex over the greater
part of the length of the living chamber, so that the shell con-

toward the aperture, but the hyponomic sinus is projected
beyond the ventral profile in a short spoutlike ))r()duction of the
.shell. The living chamber is abnormally straight for Phragmo-

tracts

ceras, the

apertural ])lane being essentially parallel to the last

septum. Further, the adoral septa are subparallel, and not strongly oblique, as is typical of true

er curvature of the shell.

PJiraguioccras owing to the great-

The

aperture consists of a rounded

main aperture on the d(M-sal side of the shell,
long narrow hyponomic sinus which is slightly in-

faintly transverse

modified by a

flated at its tip.

Discussion.
sity

of form,

cle-arl}-

— While

Phraginoceras. exhibits consideral^le diver-

the species here set apart in Phragrnoccrina are

distinct

the

in

relatively

form

straight

of

the

anterior

part of the shell, the inflation of the middle of the living
ber,

its

of the

cham-

adoral contraction, and the ventral spoutlike projection

hyponomic

sinus.

are relatovel}' small

in

and while the siphuncle

The known

species of Phraginoccrina

comparison with
is

not known,

it

ty]>ical
is

Phragnioceras,

evidently small and,


SiLURiAX Brevicones

analo^'-y, relatively simple.

all

b;.

Flower

:

The compression

of the cross section

relatively

is

the development of lateral lobes of the sutures

The

gial.

straightness of the anterior part

pressed by

the

subparallel

condition

Phragiuuceras they diverge from

the

shell

straight

in

of

the

shell

anterior

venter to

dorsum.

anterior surface marking the

be

to

and

sli^'-ht,

essentialh vesti-

the

of

shows the sutures

profile

is

ex-

is

septa

;

in

Likewise

parallel

to

the

long narrow hyponomie

sinus. Species of

Phra^nnoccras which approach Phragmocerina

in these respects,

show

to a point

li\

ing chambers which

expand uniforml\-

near the mature aperture. Here expansion ma\ be

creased, so that the diverging

siiles

become concave

in

in-

profile,

but these do not follow regious. as in Pliraf/iiwceriiia, in which

and when such expansion does occur
normally more accentuated on the dorsum than on the ven-

the profiles are convex,
is

it

ter.

Typical CouipJioccras has a pyriform or domelike living chamber contracting over the adoral end of the

shell,

and there

is

never any marked prolongation of the hy]jononn'c sinus or a
spoutlike production of the ventral wall of the concli t(j accom-odate

it.

The gemis

erected for the rece[)tion of two L'ppcr Silurian

is

species, the genotyjje

and Phragmocerina

described

litchjicldciisis,

below.
Phragmocerina litchfieltlcMisis Flower, n. sp.
Plate 2, fig«. 1-3
The type and onl\- known specimen consists of a living chamber and three attached camcnc.

The

shell

The dorsum

essentially straight, the sutures

is

is

largel\-

missing.

and the plane

of the

aperture being subparallel. Cross section at the base subcuneate,

and subangular, the dorsum more broadly

the venter narrow

rounded. The septum
small pit close

which increase
6

mm. The

tf)

is

shallow, the siplumcle indicated

b}'

a

the ventral wall of the shell. 'Hie three camerse

adorally

slightly

in

depth

occujn-

a

length

of

sides in lateral profile diverge to a point orad of the

middle of the living chamber, so that ni mm. ])cyond the base of
specimen a width of I'l mm. is reached. From there
the sides converge, arching toward the narrow aperture. The
the

living

chamber has

height of 20

mm.

;\.t

a

widtli of i8 mm., an estimated
most gibbous portion the width is 19

l)asal
its


Bulletin 129

10

10

mm., the estimated height 22 mm. The Hving chamber is 20
mm. long. The ventral profile is nearly straight below, becoming
convex over the middle of the living chamber, the curvature
being abruptly reversed adorally to form a short spoutlike pro-

hyponomic

cess for the recei)tion of the long
jects

sinus,

which pro-

conspicuously beyond the otherwise smooth shell outline,

though

it

does

outward beyond the convexitv

extend

not

the venter, as in P. oscitla.

The

of

apertural profile, onlx- slighth'

end the small
rounded hyponomic sinus, connected by a narrow slit with the
main part of the aperture, an oval 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
Discussion.

This species is the only phragmoceroid shell
thus far known from the Manlius limestone. Its strong similarity
v/ith Phragmoccrina osciila (Ruedemann) is shown by the strikinclined to the plane of the septum, carries at one

—

ing similarit\- in form.

over the ventral

It

difTers

The species
among the most

profile.

tures of proportion,

that the aperture

in

hyponomic sinus

strongly closed, the

larger size of P. litchfieldensis

is

less

is

more

strongly produced

minor feasignificant of which are the
and the more marked domelike
differ further in

contraction of the lateral walls of the shell over the adoral part of
the living chamber.

Holotype.

— Cornell University Collection,
— Manlius limestone,

Occurrence.

New

Litchfield,

No. 7974.

Herkimer County,

York.

REFERENCES
Clarke, J. M., and Ruedemann, R.
Guclpit fauna in the State of Neic York. New York State
190o,
Mus., Mem. 5, 195 pp., 21 })ls.
Flower, R. H.
Cephalopoda from the Clinton group of New Tori-. Bull. Amer.
1942.
Paleont., vol. 27, No. 105, 30 pp., 2 pis.
Studies of Paleozoic Natdiloidca. VI. Sovie Silurian cyrtoconic
1943.
cephcdopods from Indiana, with notes on stratiyraphie problems.
Bull. Amer. JPalcont., vol. 28, No. 109, pp. 83-101, pis. 1-5 (pars).
1946.
Caijitgocera.s, an Upper Silurian cephalopod. Amer. Mid. Nat.,
vol. 37, pp. 250-255, 1 pi.
»all, J.
1851.

Paleontology of

New

York,

vol.

2,

362 pp., 85

pis.

Hyatt, A.
1900.
1,

Cephalopoda,
pp. 502-592.

Zittel-Eastmann

Textbook of Paleontology,

vol.


Silurian Brevicones: Flower

II

Ruedemann, R.
Palcontologic contributions from the Neic Yorh State Museum. New York State Mus., Bull. 189, 225 pp., 36 pis.
1920.
A recurrent Pittsford (Saiina) fauna. New York State Mus.,

1916.

219-220, pp. 20.5-222, pis. 1-3.
Silurian {Ontarian ) launas of
State Mus., Bull. 265, l;]5 pp., 24 pis.
Bull.

192.5.

Some

PLATES
PLATE

I

(i)

New

York'.

New York


Bulletin 129

12

Explanation of Plate

12

1

(1)

Page

Figure
1-3.

Gomphoceras jcwetti Flower,

n.

sp.

-

5

.

Holotype, Cornell University, No. 38861, XI (1) Oblique ventral view; mid-ventral region to left of center.
(2) Side
view
Reverse view. Irondequoit limestone, Lockport, N.
Y.
('.-'<)

4.

T'ctiameroceras corallophilum (Clarke)
Leet^dype, N. Y. State Museum, No.
),i.

5-6.

Coljleskill limestone,

ISclioharie,

lli4Gl»/2.

6
Lateral aspect,

N. Y.

4
Mandaloceras chaceae Flower, n. Hokdype, Cornell University, No. 7dL'5, XI- (5) Ventral view.

Lateral view,
(6)
Lockport, N. Y.

venter

on

left.

Irondequoit

limestone,


PL.

1,

Vol. 32

Bull. Amer. Paleont.

No. 129, PL. 1



PLATE

2

(2)


Bulletin 129

14

Explanation of Plate

14

2

(2)

Page

Figure
1

-

S.

4.

5-7.

Phragmocerina

litchfieldensis Flower, n. sp.
Holotype, Coriioll University, No. 7974.
(Ti)
Adoral view.
Lateral view.

(2)
Litchfield, Herkimer County, N. Y.

9

.

Ventral view.
Manlius limestone,
(1)

Tetrameroceras corallophilum (Clarke)
Paratype, N. Y. State Museum, No. 12460/1. Lateral view, XICobleskill limestone, Schoharie. N. Y.

Hexameroceras bollmanse Flower, n.
Holotype, N. Y. State Museum.

sp.

_

7

Adoral view.
(6)
Lateral view, venter on right. (7) No. 10,518. Ventral view.
Cobleskill limestone, Stafford, N. Y.
(5)

PL.

2,

Vol. 32

Bull. Amer. Paleont.

No. 129, PL. 2