Bulletins of American paleontology (Bull. Am. paleontol.) Vol 278281

BULLETINS
^ ^J^y^

MUS. COMP. ZOoL
LIBRARY

OF
MAR 4
HAi

*97^

-AMERICAN

UNJVERi^

PALEONTOLOGY

VOL. LXIV

1973-74

Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca,

New York
U.

S.

A.

14850


In

Memoriam

Orville L.

Bandy

1916-1973


CONTENTS OF VOLUME LXIV
Pages

Bulletin No.
278.

Palynology of the ASmond Formation (Upper
Cretaceous) Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming.

By
279.

J.

1-136

1-20

L.

Strimple and

J.

M. Cooke

137-168

21

169-244

22-31

245-338

32-41

Stratigraphy
and
Genera
of
Calcareous
Foraminifera cf the Fraileys Fades (Mississippian) of Central Kentucky.

By
281.

Fred Stone

Tabulate Corals and Echinoderms from the
Pennsylvanian Winterset Limestone, Hogshooter Formation, Northeastern Oklahoma.

By H.

280.

Plates

R. G.

Browne and

E. R. Pohl

Crinoid Studies. Part I. Some Pennsylvanian
Crinoids from Nebraska. Part. II. Some
Permian Crinoids from Nebraska, Kansas,

and Oklahoma.

By

R. K. Pabian and H. L. Strimple

INDEX
No

separate index

is

included in the volume. Each number

indexed separately. Contents of the
ning of the volume.

volume are

is

listed in the begin-


MUS. COMP.

BULLETINS
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LIBRARY

OF

OCT 16 19^

AMERICAN

t^S«?fALEONTOLOGY
(Founded 1895)

Vol.

64

No. 278

PALYNOLOGY OF THE ALMOND FORMATION
(UPPER CRETACEOUS), ROCK SPRINGS UPLIFT,

WYOMING
By
J.

Fred Stone

1973

Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca,

New York

14850, U.S.A.

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1972

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BULLETINS
OF

AMERICAN
PALEONTOLOGY
(Founded 1895)

Vol.

64

No. 278

PALYNOLOGY OF THE ALMOND FORMATION
(UPPER CRETACEOUS), ROCK SPRINGS UPLIFT,

WYOMING
By
J.

Fred Stone

September

28, 1973

Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca,

New York

14850, U.S.A.


Library of Congress Card Number: 73-81675

Printed in the United States of America

Arnold Printing Corporation


CONTENTS
Page
Abstract

5

Acknowledgments

5

Introduction

^

Purpose and scope

6

Previous

6

investigations

Stratigraphy

7

General statement

7

Almond Formation

8

Measured

sections

and sample

9

localities

Techniques

Sample

-

collection

1

.^

Sample processing

„

1

making

Slide

Assemblage

11

12
12

attributes

Distribution and range of species

12

Relative abundance of species and groups of species

IS

Absolute abundance of groups of species and tissue

20
30

Diversity
Cluster analysis

31

_

35

Discussion and conclusions

Age

of the

Almond Formation

35

Depositional environments

37

Palynological

40

correlations

Plant associations

40

Palynomorph descriptions

41

Taxonomic

42

listing

Descriptive listing

_

_

References
Plates

Index

46
48

Descriptions

99
„

„

Ill

132

TABLES
Page

Tal)!e

Measured Section 4, absolute abundance
palynomorph groups

of

II.

Measured Section 14, absolute abundance
palynomorph groups

of

III.

Measured Section 23, absolute abundance
palynomorph groups

of

IV.

Measured Section 9, absolute abundance
palynomorph groups

I.

V.

VI
VII.
VIII.

IX.

X.
XI.

all

-

22
23

24

of

Measured Section 12, absolute abundance
palynomorph groups
Diversity and equitability,

—

25

of

26
33

species

Diversity and equitability, marine species

34

Diversity and equitability, nonmarine species

36

Taxonomic placement
Arrangement of

of

form genera and species

species in the descriptions

42

and plates

46

Count Data

Fold-in 48, 49

TEXT-FIGURES
page

map

1.

Late Campanian lithofacies

2.

Outcrop pattern of Almond Formation showing location of

measured geologic
3.

8

sections

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.

10

Measured

section 8

14

section 4

16

4.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.

Measured

5.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.
section 14

Measured

6.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.

Measured

section 23

17

7.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.

Measured

section 9

18

8.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.

Measured

section 12

19

9.

Distribution and range of palynomorphs.
section 8, 14

Measured

10.

11.

Fold-in

Absolute abundance of selected palynomorph groups.
section 4
section

14

Fold-in 21, 22

section 23

27

Absolute abundance of selected palynomorph groups.

Measured

section 9

28

15.

Absolute abundance of selected palynomorph groups.

16.

R-mode

Measured

17.

21

Absolute abundance of selected palynomorph groups.

Measured
14.

20

Absolute abundance of selected palynomorph groups.

Measured
13.

19,

17

Ratio marine to nonmarine species range of restricted species.
Fold-in 20, 21
Species diversity. Measured section 8

Measured
12.

Fold-in

16,

section 12

cluster analysis, all samples, all species

Correlations upper

Measured

29
Fold-in 35, 36

Almond Formation.

section 23

Fold-in 38, 39


PALYNOLOGY OF THE ALMOND FORMATION (UPPER
CRETACEOUS), ROCK SPRINGS UPLIFT, WYOMING
J,

Fred Stone*

ABSTRACT

content of the Almond Formation
using 80 samples from six measured

The palynomorph

was investigated
flank of the Rock Springs

Uplift,

Wyoming.

A

(Upper Campanian)

on the east
composite standard reference
sections

section of the total Almond and four additional sections of the marine interval
of the upper Almond were used. One hundred thirteen species of palynomorphs
were identified. Five new species are described. The affinities or possible
relationships of the form species with living plants are noted.
Paleoenvironmental and paleoecological investigations were made using
the distribution and stratigraphic range of the species; the absolute abundance
of species, groups of species, and dispersed plant tissues; the ratio of marine
species to nonmarine species; the diversity of the palynomorphs and the cluster
analysis grouping of species. The marine upper Almond Formation is easily
distinguished by the presence of 25 species, mainly dinoflagellates and acritarchs, which are restricted to it in the sections studied. The dinoflagellate

species, Trif/iyrodinium druggii Stone, n. sp., is abundant and restricted to
the marine upper Almond and may be used to characterize it. The dinoflagellate species, Dcflandrea cooksoni Alberti, has a restricted range within
the upper Almond and is used to subdivide the marine interval.
The criteria which are most useful in subdividing the upper Almond are
the ratio of marine to nonmarine species and the absolute abundance of marine
species and nonmarine species. Three subunits. A, B, and C, are defined using
the ratio and absolute abundance as observed from plots of this information
for each section.
An R-mode cluster analysis was performed using the Jaccard Coefficient
of similarity and resulted in some distinct groupings of species at high similarity levels. The marine species were clustered as one large group, and a
subgroup at a higher similarity level contained the more relatively abundant
marine species which, it is suggested, represent the most marine association
of species. One high level cluster group contains species restricted to the lower
Almond and has possible significance as a nonmarine species association.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author is indebted to A. T. Cross of the Departments of
Geology and Botany-Plant Pathology of Michigan State University
under whose direction this study was accomplished.
R. L. Tabbert and others of the Atlantic Richfield

Company

supported the study and contributed helpful suggestions.

J. N,
Minick and his associates measured and described the geologic sections and collected most of the samples. J. E. Bennett advised as to

the chemical processing of the samples and J.

W.

Dial assisted in the

processing.

The facilities of the Field Research Laboratory of the Mobil
Research and Development Corporation were utilized by the author.
Of particular value was the use

computer center. The program
was written by T. Nash. The proabundance, absolute abundance, and diversity
of the

for the distribution-range charts

grams

for relative

*Mobil Oil Corporation, Exploration Services Center, P.O. Box 900, Dallas,

Texas 75221.


Bulletin 278

were written by R. J, Pauken. The cluster analysis program was
written by Ed Hagmeier of the Department of Biology of the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and implemented for

Pauken and D. Duncan.
in part by National Science Foundation Grant GA429, "Palynological Analysis and the Determination
of Environments of Deposition in the Rocky Mountain Cretaceous,"
Mobil's computer by R.

J.

This study was supported

A. T. Cross, principal investigator.

Mobil Research and Development Corporation, Dallas, Texas,
provided the funds for the cost of illustrations for the published
paper.

The

author's wife, Judith C. Stone, assisted in compiling the

manuscript and

in

typing the manuscript.

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Tht objective

of this study

was

to investigate the

palynomorph

Almond Formation from measured
sections in the area of outcrop on the east flank of the Rock Springs
Uplift, Wyoming. The palynomorphs are documented, identified,
and classified into form taxa. Five new form species are described.
The affinities or possible relationships of the form species with
content of the Upper Cretaceous

living plants are noted.

Paleoenvironmental

and paleoecological inferences are made

on the basis of the distribution and stratigraphic range of the species;
the absolute abundance of species, groups of species and dispersed

plant tissues; the ratio of marine species to nonmarine species; the
diversity of the

palynomorphs and the

cluster analysis grouping of

species.

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
Palynological investigations of

Western Interior

of the

Upper Cretaceous rocks

in

the

United States and Canada have mainly

Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and include
of Maestrichtian and Paleocene age. The major
contributions of this type include those of Rouse (1957, 1962), Anderson (1960), Stanley (1965), Srivastava (1966), Drugg (1967),
dealt with the

mainly formations

Norton and Hall (1969), Oltz (1969), and Snead (1969). The pro-


Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

ceedings volume of the Geological Society of America

symposium on

Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary palynomorphs (Kosanke and
Cross, ed., 1971) contains pertinent papers by Leffingwell, R. H.

Tschudy, B. D. Tschudy and Leopold, Rouse, Hopkins, and
and Zaitzeff and Cross.

Few

published palynological studies concerning this geographic

Campanian

area deal with rocks of

the

work

Piel,

of

Newman

age.

One important exception

is

(1964, 1965) which gave the stratigraphic oc-

currence of selected palynomorphs of Campanian, Maestrichtian,

and Paleocene ages
have been

Most of
Almond Formation

rocks from northwestern Colorado.

in

the palynomorphs which were encountered in the

illustrated without identification or explanation

by Leo-

pold and B. D. Tschudy (1965, unpublished, U.S.G.S. Open-File

Report)

as

a

result

of

their

study of upper Campanian-lower

Maestrichtian rocks near Redbird,

Two

Niobrara County, Wyoming.

papers of interest in terms of paleoenvironmental interpreta-

tions involving slightly older rocks are those of Sarmiento (1957)
and Burgess (1970). The Upper Cretaceous palynological literature
through 1966 has been adequately reviewed by Srivastava (1967).

STRATIGRAPHY
GENERAL STATEMENT
The Rock
is

Springs Uplift, a large, anticlinal, structural feature,

located in Sweetwater

County

in

southwestern Wyoming.

structural axis of the uplift trends north-south

and

lies

The

east of the

Rock Springs. The uplift has been breached by erosion, exUpper Cretaceous rocks of Santonian, Campanian, and
Maestrichtian age. The formational names applied to these rock
units are, from oldest to youngest, Baxter Formation, Blair Formation, Rock Springs Formation, Ericson Sandstone, Almond Formation, Lewis Shale, Fox Hills Sandstone, and Lance Formation.
The Mesaverde rock unit name is widely used in the Western
town

of

posing

Interior of the United
status.

In the

States, both

Rock Springs

with formational and group

area, the

Mesaverde

status and consists of four formations, Blair,

and Almond. The Mesaverde Group
Pierre Shale, also of the

Western

is

Rock

is

given group

Springs, Ericson,

correlated, in part, with the

Interior, and, in part, with the


Bulletin 278

Taylor and Navarro Groups of the Gulf Coastal Plain (Cobban and
Reeside, 1952).

work,
Series,

is

The Almond Formation,

in a stratigraphic

frame-

Mesaverde Group, Gulf
the Mesozoic rocks.

the uppermost formation of the

(Upper) Cretaceous System

of

ALMOND FORMATION
The AlmoiKl Formation consists of a body of sediments of both

nonmarine and marine origin. These were deposited along the western margin of the Late Cretaceous epicontinental sea (Text-fig. 1).

r

NON OE POSITIO N
nd /or
E

ROSION

J

u

LATE CAMPANIAN
LITHOFACIES MAP
Nerilic

ihole

Borrier

bar

Coaslol

and

jiltstone

landjione

plain

ond

coastal

clayslone, siltslone,

Modified

trom Weimet

Text-figure

1

1965

plain

dirposiis

sandstonr, and

coal


Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

This seaway was elongate north-south and extended from the present
Gulf of Mexico to northern Canada. It was bordered on the east by
the lowlands of the stable interior of the continent

and on the

west by the Laramide Highland (Clark and Stearn, 1960). The tectonically positive Laramide Highland is considered to have been the

Almond Formation sediments.
Measured surface sections of the Almond Formation on the
flank of the Rock Springs Uplift have been published by Lewis

source of the

east

(1965). The thickness ranged from 555' to 671' for six sections. The
composite section used as a standard in this study has a total thickness of 66(y. Lithologically the Almond may be divided into a lower

"nonmarine" portion (377' at the standard section) and an upper
"marine" portion (283'). Each of these two units may be further
subdivided into two parts; the lower nonmarine portion into a Lower
Siltstone Unit and Lower Sandstone Unit, and the upper marine

Upper Shale Unit and Upper Sandstone Unit.
Almond Formation contrasts sharply with the
underlying Ericson, a coarse white to buff-colored sandstone. The
Lower Siltstone Unit is a lithologically variable unit of siltstones

portion into an

At

its

base the

interbedded with shales, sandstones, and coals which
in

the standard section.

origin.

As

a unit these

The Lower Sandstone Unit

buff-colored, thick-bedded

is

331' thick

sediments are fluviatile

in

(46') consists of light gray to

or massively crossbedded, fine-grained

sandstone probably of barrier-bar origin.

The Upper

"marine tongue" of the Almond Formation

is

a

Shale Unit, the

gray marine shale

and siltstone sequence about 200' thick with occasional thin layers
and lenses of sandstone. The Upper Sandstone Unit is a barrier-bar
sequence comparable to the Lower Sandstone Unit. It is not particularly well developed at the standard section

The marine

shales of the

Upper Almond

(about 83' thick).

interfinger with the over-

The depositional environments and geologic hisAlmond Formation have been studied in considerable
detail on the outcrop by Jacka (1965) and in the subsurface by
Weimer (1961, 1966) and McCubbin and Brady (1969).

lying Lewis Shale.

tory of the

MEASURED SECTIONS AND SAMPLE LOCALITIES
The

may

location of the six

be seen

in

Text-figure

measured sections
2.

The

utilized in this

sections used are

study

numbered, from


Bulletin 278

10

OUTCROP PATTERN OF ALMOND FORMATION
LOCATION OF MEASURED GEOLOGIC SECTIONS

SHOWING

i

2

4

SCALE

WYO MING
]"

'

Text-figure 2

COLORADO

6

8;':

IN

mil:-

12


Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

11

(Upper Almond) and 8 (Lower
8-14, which is used as the
standard section for this study was selected because it has the
closest sample interval. These six particular stratigraphic sections
were chosen from several available sections because of their location on the easternmost portion of the outcrop area where the Upper
Shale Unit is best developed. The marine shale thins and pinches
out both to the north and the south. Reliable lithologic correlations
are present between these sections. The outcrop is continuous and
may be "walked out."
The sections were measured, described, and sampled by J. N.
Minick and other geologists of the Atlantic Richfield Co. in 1966

and represent unpublished information. In 1967 the author inspected all of the sections in the field with the field geologists and
in some cases supplemented the sampling. The measured sections
with the field geologists' descriptions have been reproduced by Stone
(1971). The lithologic columns with the relative position of the
north to south,

4,

14, 23, 9,

Almond). The composite

samples

may

12

section,

be seen in Text-figures

measured sections

in

10, 11-15.

The

locations of the

Sweetwater County by township and range

M. S. 8 (Sec. 12, T19N, RIOIW), M. S. 4
T20N, RlOlW), M. S. 14 (Sec. 36, T20N, RlOlW;
Sec. 31, T20N, RIOOW), M. S. 23 (Sec. 7, T19N, RlOlW), M. S. 9
(Sec. 12, T19N, RlOlW) and M. S. 12 (Sec. 16, T17N, RlOlW).
notation are as follows:
(Sec. 25, 26,

TECHNIQUES
SAMPLE COLLECTING

To

avoid modern pollen and spore contamination and to avoid
to some extent the destructive effects of surface weathering on

palynomorphs, all samples were collected from channels dug
two to three feet into the outcrop. The samples were composited
from approximately one-foot intervals which were exposed in the
fossil

channel.

The samples were

to prevent contamination.

and

siltstones,

placed in cloth bags with plastic liners

Only the

finer clastic rocks, e.g., shales

were collected.

SAMPLE PROCESSING
The

following procedures were

cessing of the samples:

used in

the

laboratory pro-


Bulletin 278

12

1.

Weigh crushed sample, 10

2.

DemlneraHzation

g.

A. Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, 24 hours
B. Hydrofluoric acid, concentrated, 24 hours

Heavy

3.

liquid separation, 2.0 specific gravity, zinc bromide,

20 minutes at 2000 r.p.m.
4.

minutes, saturated solution

Oxidation, Schulze solution, 3

of potassium chlorate in concentrated nitric acid.
5.

Oxidation, potassium hydroxide,

6.

Heavy

5%

solution, one minute.

liquid separation, 1.7 specific gravity, IS m.inutes at

2000 r.p.m.
Stain, safranine

7.

SLIDE

MAKING

known weight

of sample permits one to arrive
abundance of palynomorphs in the
sample. The technique used was essentially that of Davis (1966)
and represents some refinement of the technique of Stone (1967).
When a precise aliquot of a known volume of residue from a known
weight of sample is counted, the number of "grains per gram" of

Processing of a

at an estimation of the absolute

sediment

may

be calculated. Critical to the technique

by

a pipette controlled

a

hypodermic syringe. Using

a

is

(generally .01 ml) of residue permits the counting of

morphs on the
slides

with

a

In addition to the

slide.

known

the use of

small volume
all

palyno-

aliquot slide, ordinary

high concentration of palynomorphs were also made.

ASSEMBLAGE ATTRIBUTES
DISTRIBUTION AND RANGE OF SPECIES

The observed

distribution and inferred range of each species
measured sections and the standard section are

at each of the six

presented in Text-figures 3-9.

sample

in the

dashes.

is

The presence

of a given species in a

noted by one or more X's (reflecting relative abundance

sample) and the resulting range

The ranges

acteristic for

is

noted by connecting with

palynomorphs or groups thought to be charlower and upper Almond are indicated by solid bars

on Text-figures

3

of

through

"first occurrence-longest

section to section.

A

9.

The arrangement

range" basis and

Is

of species

is

on a

not consistent from

consistent "taxonomlc arrangement" of species


Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

giving distribution was used in the analysis but

here.

The numbers given with

the species

names

is

13

not reproduced

are code

numbers

used solely for the computer construction of the distribution-range
charts.

A number
is

may be made concerning the distriThe most outstanding distribution characteristic

of observations

bution of species.

many

the restriction of

dinoflagellate

the upper Almond. The following 25
upper Almond:

and acritarch species to

species are restricted to the

Trithyrodiniwm druggii

Dejlandrea tnagnijica

D. cf. D. verrucosa
D. pannucea
D. cookso7ii
Palaeocystodinium benja/minii
Spiniferites

ramosa

Dinogymnium

var.

membranacea

sp. 1

D. nelsonense
Cordosphaeridium jibrospinosum
Hystrichosphaeridiwm tubijerum

Diphyes colligerum
Palaeostoviocy stis laevigata

Micrhystridium inconspicutinn

M.
M.

piliferum
fragile

Pterospermopsis australiensis

SporopoUis

cf.

S.

laqueaeformis

Trudopollis meekeri
Todisporites

cf.

T.

minor

Polypodiisporites javus

Styx major
Liliacidites complexus
Botryococcus sp.

Aquilapollenites retictdatus

The

following seven species are restricted to the lower
Cassidium, fragilis
Cingulatisporites dakotaensis

Almond:


Bulletin 278

14

DISTRIBUTION AND
RANGE OF PALYNOMORPHS

Species % of
Total per Sample

0
^

Measured

Section

'*

K)

10
^0

20UOOCXXXX

8


Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

IS

Spermatites sp.

Appejvdicisporites

cf.

A. dentimarginatus

Tsugaepollenites igniculus

AzoUa

sp.

Foveasporis triangulus

There was

little

variation

in

among the upper Almond
gymnium nelsonense, Botryococciis
species

latus, are restricted

stricted

to

to Section

Section 23.

14.

the geographic
sections.

and

of

Dino-

species,

Aquilapollenites p-ulcker

Cicatricosisporites

significance

little

distribution

and Aquilapollenites reticu-

sp.,

to Section 4 and Hamiulatisporis hamulatis
All are rare species

Three

dorogensis

is

re-

restricted

is

is

restricted to Section 9.

is

attached to their geo-

graphic distribution.

A

biostratigraphic zonation of the

Almond Formation may be
The criteria

accomplished using the vertical distribution of species.
used for zonation are restricted ranges,

An obvious Zone
Almond) may be constructed

first

occurrences, and last

Almond) and Zone

II (upper
most dinoflagellate and acritarch
species are restricted to the upper Almond. Zone I is characterized
by the restricted species, Cassidium fragilis and Cingulatisporites
dakotaensis. Zone II is characterized by Trithyrodini'mn druggii.

occurrences.

I

(lower

since

Five subzones seem evident at the standard section but they can

be traced to the other upper Almond sections only to a limited
extent.

IB

is

Subzone lA contains no restricted palynomorphs. Subzone
by the first occurrence of several species and by

characterized

the restricted

Tsugaepollenites igniculus. Subzone IIA

is

charac-

by Diphyes colligerum and Palaeostomocystis laevigata. Subzone IIB is characterized by Dejlandrea cooksorii. This species is
terized

restricted in

of the upper

started

the upper Almond sections to a particular portion
Almond. Subzone IIB is terminated and Subzone IIC

all

by the

last

occurrence of several species. Correlation by

subzones between sections

is

not be expected to persist

limited at best and the zonation
if

a greater stratigraphic

would

interval

or

greater geographic area were studied.

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF SPECIES AND GROUPS OF SPECIES

The

relative

abundance of each species and of various groups


Bulletin 278

16
Spec ies % of
Total per Sample

distribution and
range of palynomorphs
Measured Sect on k
i

-

O'-X

^

as

00

o

—

*-^

—

ro

oo

—

-^20

10
20-XXXX MO
i+OXXXXX
UK.OIMTHKP SPO«fS
UKICOIOlIlS

(lAOHUS

A11SI>0«ITIS ortANDIS
l»»Pt»TUl>OI>OLLtHITfS OueiUS

COMPltlUS
— Llll«ClDIItS AMClOSCtSMS
^ UMIDtllTlfUO
TI>IIM»«C01NlLi» OBUGCn

UMlOENTKlEO D>NOriAGELL«TCS
»BitriM(AtPoii.!Nins fovtosEiicuLAnjs
UKIOINIK no »CBII»«CMS
TAIODIAClAtPOllfNITES HIATUS
OtfLAXOIlA XICSOCIIASOLATA
UMIOENTIFIED CHIIMOSPEIWS
AMCIPITES «ltlCOLATUS
OEfLANOAEA tf. 0. PIKMAENSIS
imCOLPlItS BATBIRETICULAIUS
fMiiNOPoiiEMnEi aisiAeiiis
EmCACtOIPOlLtNlItS RALIUS

imCOtPlTEi PSILASCABWIUS
TUCOLPOPOllEMinS hi CRO»E Tl CULATUS
SPINIOINIUM OENSlSPINATUn
CYCAOCITtS fOlLICUlARIS
UlBIPOtLtHITtS OMNULATUS
PALAtOCvSTMINIUM BENJAHINII
PEOIASTRJ« PALEOCENEITES

^

SCMIJOiPOHS COOHSONI
THICOtPOPOllEHinS PAKVULUS
TAICOIPOPOLLEMITES MICPOiCABRAIUS

1«C0KSPICUUM
TdlPOAOPOLltXlTES «UGATIIS
T«IC01P0P011E«>'ES CLAVIBETICULATllS
taulSETOSPOAITlS OVATUS
HIC«HY5I«tDIU» EUPEPIOS
CONCLAVIPOLIIS MOLfCREEKCHSIS
CCWBACULATISPpeiTES UNOULATUS
LAtVIGATOSPOlTES OWATUS
OtfLAMDAtA COOHSOm
COmOSPKAEPIOIUM FHIIOSPIHOSUM
SPINirtHITtS RAMOSA VA«. XEHBRANACEA
PALAn&AGES fO«K A
DELTOIOOSPOBA OIAPHANA
A1.50PMII.I0ITES KERCUELENSIS
MOMOSUICITES SCABMTUS
PKOTtACIOIItS PEIUSJi
PAOIEACIOITES TKAl>lANNI
AQUILAPOIIENITIS POLABIS
MIC«H»SI»IOR« P1LIFE«UH
T«IC01PITIS BETICULATUS
OEFLANDREA PANNUCCA
AKAJCAKIACinS IIBBATUS
DIPHVES COlllCEBUX
palaeostohoctstis laevigata
BICABtSTKIDUm DEMSISPIMim
ENGE1.HAA0T1OOIT15 MIHUTUS
VITAEISPO>ITE$ PALIIOUS
KEMBfUWOSPhAEHA BAASTAICHTIC*
CUPANIEIOITES nAJOA
H»STRICHOSPHAE«10IUH TOBIFEHUPl

CLASSOPOllS CLASSOIDES
CUPUllFEKOIPOlLtHITES PUSILLUS
FO«BA A SP.
EHBTBANIPOLIIS PACMVSANDPOIDES
IKAPt«TU«0P0llEHITE5 ATLAHTICOS

_ I1IC«H»ST«I0H»
_
^
—

—
^
_
_

_

I

miPOPOPOiiEmns

5p.

b

UNOUlATISPOdlTES AUGULATUS
CEDAIPITIS PARV'JS
PHVllOCLAOtDITES XAUSONI
^TAUOOPOlllS HCEkEOI

ALII1P011.EMITE5 (JUADMPOLIENITES
^MICPHVSTAIDIl»1 FP>IGILE
PTTPOSPEAHOPSIS AUSTRAIIEMSIS
GlEICHENIIOITIS SENONICUS

—

tUCOWllDITti COUPEPI
mOEF1>MDREA BAGMtFICA
PALAEOBVSTBICHOPHOFU NFUSOft 101 DES
POOOCAAPIOITEi hAIIMUS
UNIOEHTIFIED bCGASPO'ES
CICATAICOSISPOAITES OOROCEMjIS
"— TOOISPOAITES CF. T. MIHO«
I

- Restricted to
Upper Almond

\K

Subzone
Zone

I

I

I

B
I

UPPER ALMOND FORfV\TION
Text-figure 4

Isz

lie


4
^10

10
^0

20UCKXXXXX

Subzone

1

Ifl

1

Subzone

MB

|

Suhzone

MC



S

I

Cretaceous palynology Wyoming: Stone

DISTRIBUTION AND
RANGE OF PALYNOMORPHS
Species % of
Tota
per Samp
1

le

< k
0<'X
<10

4<20
1020
40-^XXXXX
SCHIZOSPORIS COOkSONI
LAEVI&ATOSPORITtS OVATUS
UNIDENTIFIED SPORES
CYCADOPITES FOLLICULARIS
LARICOIDI TES MAGNUS
TAXOOIACEAEPOLLENI TES HIATUS
INAPERTi/ROPOLLENI TES OUBIUS
LILIACIDITES COMPLEIMS
PRCTEACIDI TES RETUSUS
TRICOLPITES RETICULATUS
UNIDENTIFIED ANCIOSPERmS
TRI THVRODINIUM DRuGOI
UNIDENTIFIED DINOFLAGELLATES
peoiastrum paleogene ites
ajuiiapollenites polaris
palam6age5 form a
oeflandrea ml crocranuuata
oeflanorea cf. d. pirnaensis
spinioinium densispinatuh
palaeocy5to0inium benjahinii
schizosporis parvus
FRAXINOI POLLENITES variabilis
PALAEOSTOMOCYSTIS LAEVIGATA
TRICOLPOPOLLENITES MICROSCABRATUS

OEFLANDREA PANNUCEA
MICRHYSTRIOIUM El'PEPLOS
FORHA A SP.
ASIETINEAEPOLLENITES FOVEORETICULATUS
UNIDENTIFIED GYMNOSPERmS
ARECIPITES RETICULATUS
PROTEACIOITES THALMANNl
TRICOLPITES PS1LASCA6RATUS
TRICOLPOPOLLENITES MICRORETICULATUS
TRl PCROPOLLENI TES RUGAIUS
COROOSPHAERIDIUM F BROSpiNOSUM
ALISPORITES GRANDIS
UNIDENTIFIED MEGASPORES
POLYPOOI ISPORITES FAVUS
TRI P0R0P0LLEN1TES SP. B
TRUDOPOLLIS MEEkERI
CRANUELLIA BUMSEyENSIS
ERICACEOIPOLLENITES RALLUS
ARAUCAPIACITES LIMBATUS
OINOGYMNIUM SP.
VITRElSPORITtS PALLIDUS
.MICRHYSTRIOIUM INCONSPICUUM
CELTOIDOSPORA DIAPHANA
ALSOPHILIOITES KERGUELENSIS
TRICOLPITES MUTABILIS
SPINIFERITES RAMOSA VAR MEMBRANACEA
EiJCOMMI IDITE5 COUPERI
MYSTRICHOSPHAERIDIUM TUBIFERUM
' COhCLAVlPOLLlS
WOLFCREEkEnS

STYX MINOR
GLElCHENI lOITES SENONICUS
ERDTMANIPOLLIS PACHySANOROI OES
TRICOLPOPOLLENITES PARVULUS
TRICOLPOPOLLENITES DELICLAVATUS
AQUILAPOLLENITES PULCHER
I

.

,

I

.

,

,

.

.

1

.

.

I

Restricted to
Upper Almond

Measured Seel ion 23

—
ON

—

^^

17