ATLAS OF UNITED STATES TREES Vol 5

ATLAS

OF
UNITED
STATES
TREES
Volume

5. Florida

by

Elbert L.

Little, Jr.,

Chief Dendrologist (Retired)

Timber Management Research

USDA Forest Service,

Washington, D.C.

Miscellaneous Publication No. 1361 • United States Department of Agriculture
Forest Service • Washington, D.C. •

May 1978

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON,

D.C.


LITTLE,

ELBERT

L.,

JR.

1978. Atlas of United States trees. Volume 5.
Florida. U.S. Dep. Agric. Misc. Publ.
1361, 22 p., 268 maps.
This

is

the fifth volume of an Atlas with

maps showing

natural distribution or range of the native tree species

the

of the

continental United States. Together, the 5 volumes contain 1,205

maps

of 655 native tree species. Florida merits a separate

because

it

volume

has more native tree species than any other State (ex-

and because it has a large number of tropical
no other State. The 262 maps of native trees of
Florida include 13 maps of conifers and 151 maps of temperate
hardwoods, reproduced from portions of maps in Volumes 1 and
cept Hawaii),

species found in

4 on the same
tropical

6

scale,

to a page.

Large maps of 98 species of

hardwoods of South Florida are added. Ten

of hawthorn (Crataegus)

listed species

increase the State total to about 272.

Also, for further reference, the range of each species, both within

Florida and beyond,

OXFORD:181.1
Florida)

;

is

summarized

(759).

in text.

KEYWORDS:

United States (trees)

;

trees

Florida

(United

(trees)

;

States,

maps, plant

distribution; atlas.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79—653298

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Stock No. 001-000-03728-5
Class No.

A

1.38:1361

)

CONTENTS
Page
List of

maps

iv

General maps
Species

iv

maps

iv

Conifers

iv

Temperate hardwoods

iv

Tropical hardwoods

vi

Introduction

1

History of tree distribution maps

1

Coverage of

this

volume

2

-

Preparation of the maps

2

Explanation of the maps

3

Tree names

4

General maps
Species

5

._

maps and ranges

6

Notes on ranges

._.

Trees of the Florida Keys

Rare and

15

16
17

local species

Northwestern Florida

17

18

Central Florida

Southern Florida
Applications of the

.._

maps

18
18

Summary

18

Statistical

summary

19

of the atlas

20

Selected references

Maps

(

Follow text

General maps 1-6
Species

maps 1-256

Conifers,

maps 1-13

Temperate hardwoods, maps 1*1-158.6
Tropical hardwoods,

Index of

common names

Index of

scientific

names

maps 159-256

(Follows maps)
_

(Follows maps)

in


LIST OF

MAPS

General Maps
General
No.

Map

North America. Base map with names of States of the United
States, Provinces and other subdivisions of Canada, States

1

of Mexico, and

2

West

3

Southeastern

Indies.

names of additional

countries.

Southern Florida with reference to the principal

islands.

names of

United

States

(contiguous).

Base

map

with

counties.

names

of counties, county seats,

and physical

4

Florida, with

5

Florida, showing National Forests, Everglades National Park,

6

Florida, Plant Hardiness Zones.

features.

and Biscayne National Monument.

Species

Maps

Conifers

Map

No.

1

Chamaecyparis thyoides

20

Alnus serrulata

2

Juniperus silicicola (Small) Bailey, southern redcedar

21

Amelanchier arborea (Michx.

3

Juniperus virginiana

22

Aralia spinosa L., devils-walkingstick

4

Pinus clausa (Chapm.) Vasey, sand pine

23

Asimina

5

Pinus echinata

24

Baccharis halimifolia

L., eastern

6

Pinus

25

Betula nigra

birch

7

Pinus glabra Walt., spruce pine

26

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.)

8

Pinus palustris

27

Bumelia lycioides

9

elliottii

(L.) B.S.P., Atlantic white-cedar

redcedar

L., eastern

Mill., shortleaf

pine

Engelm., slash pine

Mill., longleaf

pine

(Ait.

Willd., hazel alder

)

triloba (L.) Dunal,

L., river

f.)

Fern.,

downy

serviceberry

pawpaw

(L.) Pers.,

baccharis

Pers.,

gum bumelia

buckthorn bumelia

Pinus serotina Michx., pond pine

28

Bumelia tenax (L.) Willd., tough bumelia

10

Pinus taeda

29

Carpinus caroliniana Walt., American hornbeam

11

Taxodium distichum

30

12

Taxus floridana Nutt., Florida yew
Torreya taxifolia Arn., Florida torreya

Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt., water hickory
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, bitternut hickory

13

L., loblolly

pine

(L.) Rich., baldcypress

31

32
33

34
35

Carya floridana Sarg., scrub hickory
Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, pignut hickory
Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn., sand hickory

Carya tomentosa

mockernut hickory

Nutt.,

36

Castanea alnifolia Nutt., Florida chinkapin

37

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., American chestnut

38

Castanea pumila

Acer barbatum Michx., Florida maple
Acer leucoderme Small, chalk maple

39

Catalpa bignonioides Walt., southern catalpa

40

Celtis laevigata Willd.,

sugar berry

41

Celtis tenuijolia Nutt.,

Georgia hackberry

17

Acer negundo L., boxelder
Acer rubrum L., red maple

42

Cephalanthus occidentdlis

18

Acer saccharinum

L., silver

43

Cercis canadensis L., eastern redbud

19

Aesculus pavia

red buckeye

44

Chionanthus virginicus

Temperate Hardwoods
Map
14
15

16

IV

No.

L.,

maple

Mill.,

Allegheny chinkapin

L.,

buttonbush

L., fringetree


monophylla (Lam.) Britton, buckwheat-tree

45

Cliftonia

46

Cornus

47

48

Cyrilla racemiflora L.,

108

Prunus
Prunus
Prunus
Prunus

49

Diospyros virginiana

109

Ptelea trifoliata L.,

50

Erythrina herbacea

51

52

Fagus grandijolia Ehrh.. American beech
Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir., swamp-privet

53

Forestiera segregata (Jacq.)

54

Fra.xinus americana L., white ash

alternifolia L.

Cornus florida

f.,

alternate-leaf

flowering

L.,

dogwood

dogwood

107

swamp cyrilla
L.. common persimmon

L..

105

106

southeastern coralbean

Krug & Urban,

1

10

1 11
1 12

angustifolia Marsh., Chickasaw

plum

caroliniana (Mill.) Ait., Carolina laurelcherry
serotina Ehrh., black cherry

umbellata

Quercus alba

L.,

Ell.,

flatwoods plum

common

hoptree

white oak

Quercus arkansana Sarg., Arkansas oak
Quercus chapmanii Sarg., Chapman oak

55

Fra.xinus caroliniana Mill., Carolina ash

1 15

Quercus durandii Buckl., Durand oak
Quercus falcata Michx., southern red oak
Quercus incana Bartr., bluejack oak

56

Fra.xinus pennsylvanica Marsh., green ash

1 16

Quercus

laevis Walt., turkey

57

Fra.xinus profunda (Bush) Bush,

17

Quercus

laurifolia Michx., laurel

58

Gleditsia aquatica Marsh., waterlocust

59

Gleditsia triacanthos L.. honeylocust

1

60

Gordonia lasianthus

120

pumpkin ash

Halesia Carolina
Halesia diptera

63

Halesia parviflora Michx.,

64
66

Hamamelis virginiana L., witch-hazel
Hex ambigua (Michx.) Torr.. Carolina
Ilex cassine L., dahoon

67

Ilex coriacea (Pursh)

L.,

two-wing

19

silverbell

little silverbell

Chapm., large gallberry

oak
Quercus lyrata Walt., overcup oak
Quercus marilandica Muenchh., blackjack oak
Quercus michauxii Nutt., swamp chestnut oak
Quercus myrtifolia Willd., myrtle oak
Quercus nigra L., water oak

123

Quercus phellos

124
holly

oak

122

121

Carolina silverbell

61

1

1 18

(L.) Ellis, loblolly-bay

Ellis,

1 13

1 14

62

65

Florida-privet

L., willow oak
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm., chinkapin oak

126

Quercus shumardii Buckl.. Shumard oak
Quercus stellata Wangenh., post oak

127

Quercus velutina Lam., black oak

125

Ilex decidua Walt.,

128

Quercus virginiana

69

Ilex

129

Rhamnus

70

Ilex

130

Rhus copallina L., shining sumac
Rhus glabra L., smooth sumac
Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers., dwarf palmetto

68

possumhaw
montana Torr. & Gray, mountain winterberry
myrtifolia Walt., myrtle dahoon
opaca

American holly

71

Ilex

72

Ilex verticillata (L.

Ait.,

131

A. Gray,

)

common

winterberry

yaupon

132

Mill., live

oak

caroliniana Walt.. Carolina buckthorn

133

Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd., cabbage palmetto

73

Ilex vomitoria Ait.,

74

Illicium floridanum Ellis, Florida anise-tree

134

Salix caroliniana Michx., Coastal Plain willow

75

Illicium parviflorum Michx., yellow anise-tree

135

Salix floridana Chapm., Florida willow

76

Juglans nigra

136

Salix nigra Marsh., black willow

77

Kalmia

137

Sambucus canadensis

78

Leitneria floridana Chapm.,

138

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, sassafras

139

Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small, saw -palmetto

140

Staphylea

L.,

black walnut

latifolia L..

mountain-laurel

corkwood
sweetgum

L.,

American elder

79

Liquidambar

80

Liriodendron tulipifera

81

Lyonia ferruginea

Nutt., tree lyonia

141

Stewartia malacodendron

82

cucumber tree
Magnolia ashei Weatherby, Ashe magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora L., southern magnolia
Magnolia pyramidata Bartr., pyramid magnolia
Magnolia virginiana L., sweetbay
Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx.. southern crab apple
Morus rubra L., red mulberry
Myrica cerifera L., southern bayberry
Myrica heterophylla Raf., evergreen bayberry

142

Styrax americana Lam., American snowbell

83

84
85

86
87

88
89

90

styraciflua L.,

Magnolia acuminata

91

Myrica inodora

92

Nyssa aquatica

L.,

yellow-poplar

L.,

Bartr., odorless
L.,

bayberry

96

Nyssa ogeche Bartr., Ogeechee tupelo
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., black tupelo blackgum
Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook, f., devilwood
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch, eastern hophornbeam

97

Oxydendrum arbor eum

98

Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., redbay

99

Pinckneya pubens Michx., pinckneya

93

94
95

;

(L.)

DC, sourwood

100

Planera aquatica Gmel., planertree

101

Platanus occidentalis

102

Populus deltoides Bartr., eastern cottonwood

103

Populus heterophylla

104

Prunus americana Marsh., American plum

L.,

L.,

sycamore

swamp cottonwood

American bladdernut
L.,

Virginia stewartia

143

Styrax grandifolia

144

Symplocos tinctoria

145

basswood
Tilia heterophylla Vent., white basswood
Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze, poison-sumac
Ulmus alata Michx., winged elm
Ulmus americana L., American elm

146
147

148
149
150
151
152

water tupelo

trifolia L.,

153

154
155

Ait., bigleaf

snowbell

(L.) L'Her.,

common

sweetleaf

Tilia caroliniana Mill., Carolina

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt., cedar elm
Ulmus rubra Miihl., slippery elm
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh., tree sparkleberry
Viburnum nudum L., possumhaw viburnum
Viburnum obovatum Walt., Walter viburnum
Viburnum rufidulum Raf.. rusty blackhaw

156

Yucca

157

Yucca gloriosa

aloifolia L., aloe
L.,

yucca

moundlily yucca

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L., Hercules-club
M. A. Curt., sarvis holly
158.2 Ilex longipes Chapm., Georgia holly
158.3 Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq., eastern burningbush
158

158.1 Ilex amelanchier

158.4 Magnolia tripetala

L.,

umbrella magnolia

158.5 Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal, smallflower

158.6 Cornus stricta Lam.,

swamp dogwood

pawpaw


Tropical Hardwoods

Map

No.

159

Acacia choriophylla Benth., cinnecord

160

Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., long-spine
acacia

161

A coelorrhaphe wrightii

162

Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebm., Mexican alvaradoa
Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A. H. Gentry, black-calabash

(Griseb.

&H. Wendl.) H. Wendl.,

paurotis-palm

163

165

Amyris balsamifera L., balsam torchwood
Amyris elemifera L., torchwood

166

Annona glabra L., pond-apple

167

Ardisia escallonioides Schiede & Deppe, marlberry

168

Avicennia germinans (L.)

169

Bourreria ovata Miers,

170

Bourreria radula (Poir.) G. Don, rough strongbark

171

172

Bumelia celastrina H.B.K., saffron-plum
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., gumbo-limbo

173

Byrsonima lucida DC., key byrsonima

174

Calyptranthes pallens Griseb., pale lidflower

164

L.,

black-mangrove

Bahama strongbark

175

Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Sw., myrtle-of-the-river

176

Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., canella

177

Capparis cynophallophora

L.,

178

Capparis flexuosa (L.)

limber caper

179

Cereus robinii (Lem.) L. Benson, key tree-cactus

180

Chrysobalanus icaco

181

L.,

Jamaica caper

208
209

Guapira discolor (Spreng.)

210
211
212
213
214
215
216

217
218
219
220
221
222

Guettarda scabra (L.) Vent, roughleaf velvetseed

223

224
225
226
227
228
229
230

Guettarda

Little, blolly

elliptica Sw., elliptic-leaf velvetseed

latifolia (Sw.) Urban falsebox
Gymnanthes lucida Sw., oysterwood
Hamelia patens Jacq., scarletbush
Hippomane mancinella L., manchineel

Gyminda

Hypelate trifoliata Sw., hypelate

tawny berry holly

Ilex krugiana Loes.,

Jacquinia keyensis Mez, joewood

Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urban, leadwood
Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f., white-mangrove
Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm., Florida licaria

Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth., Bahama lysiloma

Manilkara bahamensis (Baker) Lam & Meeuse, wild-dilly
Mastichodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Cronq., false-mastic
Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth., Florida mayten

Metopium toxiferum

(L.)

Krug & Urban, Florida poisontree

Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh, twinberry stopper

Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb., Florida nectandra
Picramnia pentandra Sw., bitterbush

Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg., Florida fishpoison-tree

Pisonia rotundata Griseb., pisonia

231

Pithecellobium guadalupense (Pers.) Chapm., Guadeloupe

232

Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Mart., catclaw blackbead

182

Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., satinleaf
Citharexylum fruticosum L., Florida fiddlewood

233

Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban, West Indies cherry

183

Clusia rosea Jacq., Florida clusia

Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg., buccaneer-palm

L.,

cocoplum

blackbead

184

Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq., pigeon-plum

234
235

185

Coccoloba uvifera (L.)

236

Psidium longipes (Berg) McVaugh, long-stalk stopper
Rapanea punctata (Lam.) Lundell, Florida rapanea

186

Coccothrinax argentata

237

Reynosia septentrionalis Urban, darling-plum

187

Colubrina arbor escens (Mill.) Sarg., coffee colubrina

188

Colubrina cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn., Cuba colubrina

238
239

Roystonea

189

Colubrina

elliptica

L.,

seagrape

(J acq.) Bailey,

Florida silverpalm

(Sw.) Briz. & Stern, soldierwood

Rhizophora mangle

L.,

mangrove

elata (Bartr.) F. Harper, Florida

royalpalm

240
241

Sapindus saponaria

242

Schaefferia frutescens Jacq., Florida-boxwood

L.,

wingleaf soapberry

190

Conocarpus erectus

191

Cordia sebestena

192

Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz, Florida crossopetalum

243

Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A.Rich.) Planch., graytwig

193

Cupania glabra Sw., Florida cupania

244

194

Dipholis salicifolia (L.) A.

Simarouba glauca DC, paradise-tree
Solanum erianthum D. Don, mullein nightshade

L.,

L.,

button-mangrove

Geiger-tree

DC, willow

Savia bahamensis Britton, maidenbush

bustic

245

195

Dodonaea

Drypetes diversifolia Krug & Urban, milkbark

246
247

Suriana maritima

196
197

Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban, Guiana-plum

Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn., Florida tetrazygia

198

Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl., key thatchpalm

199

Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd., white stopper
Eugenia confusa DC, redberry stopper

248
249

250

Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex

200

Eugenia foetida

201

Eugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urban, red stopper
Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., princewood

251

202
203

Exothea paniculata

252

Trema micrantha

204
205

Ficus aurea Nutt., Florida strangler

253

206
207

Genipa

Ximenia americana L., tallowwood
Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Rich., Biscayne prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum fagar a (L.) Sarg., lime prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl, West Indies satinwood

VI

viscosa (L.) Jacq.,

hopbush

Ficus citrifolia Mill., shortleaf

inkwood
fig

fig

clusii folia (Jacq.) Griseb., seven-year-apple

Guaiacum sanctum

L.,

roughbark lignumvitae

baycedar

J.

A. &

J.

mahogany

H. Schult., Florida

thatchpalm

Pers., boxleaf stopper

(Juss.) Radlk.,

L.,

Swietenia mahagoni (L. ) Jacq., West Indies

Trema lamarckiana (Roem. &

Schult.) Blume,

West Indies

trema

254
255
256

(L.)

Blume, Florida trema


.

.

ATLAS OF UNITED STATES TREES

VOLUME

5.

INTRODUCTION

FLORIDA
the native

hardwoods except the genus

of

hawthorns (Crataegus).

There are large maps for 98 species of tropical hardwoods conThis

the fifth volume of an Atlas with large

is

maps showing

the

natural distribution or range of the native tree species of the con-

maps

tinental United States. In these five volumes,

maps

The

all

supplement, will contain an index and small

sixth, a

tree species than

has more native

it

any other State (except Hawaii!, and because

These trees of mostly limited range can be shown better on largemaps. "Atlas of United States Trees, Volume

and Important Hardwoods"

1971

1

1,

Conifers

has an introduction to

I

Maps demonstrate
Assembled

in atlas

and better than written
grow wild and have many obvious uses.

clearly, graphically,

summaries where the

trees

form for ready reference, these distribution
and all others interested

available to foresters, botanists,

in trees for use without restriction, since U.S.

Government pub-

lications are not copyrighted.

The native
States at

tree species are not distributed across the United

random, nor are they dispersed equally by

other factors. All volumes except the

Some

States.

first

are limited and arranged

geographically.

distribution of Florida trees merits an explanation.

of 201 native tree species

—

titles.

However,

Volume

1 con-

the native conifers or

all

softwoods (including the needleleaf and cone-bearing evergreens)

and the important hardwoods. Coverage
partly practical. Nearly

trees

all

is

Florida

— and

55 species of

Common

for

— 13 native conifers
hardwoods— are mapped.
all

outside the geographical coverage of

is

Alaska Trees and

and

partly botanical

now important commercially

lumber are represented. Sixty-eight species
of Florida-

Shrubs"

(

"Volume

Viereck and Little 1975

I

,

2,

and

"Volume 3, Minor Western Hardwoods" (Little 1976).
"Volume 4, Minor Eastern Hardwoods" (Little 1977) contains
maps of 166 tree species native in the eastern contiguous United
States not in Volume 1. For Florida, 91 species are mapped, but
the tropical trees confined to South Florida are omitted. Also, the

genus of hawthorns (Crataegus) has been

taxonomic

1

left

out because of

difficulties.

"Volume

5,

Names and

I

Florida" has

of

Maps

of 100 species in

262 species on 126 pages,

dates in parentheses refer to Selected References, p. 20.

all

"Common

Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands" (Little and Wads-

worth 1964)

HISTORY OF TREE DISTRIBUTION MAPS
The

history of tree distribution
1,

maps

United States has

in the

while early work by the Forest Service

has been reviewed by Little (1951). George B. Sudworth,
dendrologist, began

work with

the Division

(later

Bureau)

first

of

Forestry in 1886. Tree ranges were summarized in the two editions
of his

"Check

List of Forest Trees of the United States, Their

1898, 1927)

Soon after establishment of the Forest Service in the United
States Department of Agriculture in 1905, Sudworth undertook
a project of preparing a distribution

map

for each native tree

North America, exclusive of those occurring wholly in
Mexico and minor tropical trees of southern Florida. Publication
Geographic
of these maps was begun under the title. "Forest Atlas

species of

—

Distribution of North American Trees." Only "Part

I

— Pines"

(Sudworth 1913) ever appeared.

Some years later, Munns (1938) published distribution maps of
170 important forest tree species of the United States. With minor
additions, the

worth,

who

Besides

maps were based very

largely

upon data by Sud-

died in 1927.

"Volume

2,

Alaska Trees and

Common

Forest Service publications have been devoted to

Shrubs." other

maps

of the trees

of a single State. In 1941-50, the Forest Survey published distribution

maps

of commercial forest trees in four Southeastern

North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
"The Distribution of Forest Trees in California," by James R.
Griffin and William B. Critchfield (19721. has detailed maps of
86 species of that State.

States: Mississippi,

maps

.

Puerto Rico are best treated separately.

Names and Ranges" (Sudworth

Contents of Volumes 1—4 are indicated by their

maps

1 and 4 will be useful to show the entire distribution of
same species in other States or beyond.
"Volume 6, Supplement" will have an index to all maps and also
maps of hawthorns (Crataegus) Occurrence merely by States will
be shown for 35 species (10 in Florida
Text ranges omitted from
Volumes 1 and 3 will be added.
The native tropical trees of Hawaii and the Commonwealth of

been reported in Volume

tend to occur, however, in similar patterns related to climate and

tains

have been assembled together. However,

Puerto Rico based on a forest survey were published in

which may be condensed and adapted here.

the series,

maps are

(Little

for this State

.

it

has a large number of tropical species found in no other State.

scale

maps
Volumes
all

the

of the remaining genus of hawthorns (Crataegus).

Florida merits a separate volume because

volume repeats the Florida portions (a few slightly revised) of

170 species from Volumes 1, 3, and 4 (mostly 6 to a page) Thus,
.

of nearly

native tree species of the continental United States have been published.

fined mostly to the southern part (6 also in other States). This


.

.

.

COVERAGE OF THIS VOLUME

Crataegus uniflora Muenchh., one-flower hawthorn
Crataegus viridis

Volume

"Atlas of United States Trees,

Florida" continues the

5,

Volumes

presentation of Florida species reported in

1

and

The

4.

Forest Service "Check List of Native and Naturalized Trees of the

United States"
cluded as

reference contains other

Common Names,

of the scientific names. Thus,

p.

common names

names of

species not found in this

volume may be traced and correlated. "Tree Names" (page 4)
contains several minor changes in nomenclature to be incorporated
in the

forthcoming revision of the Check

The Check

List apparently

is

List.

the only current compilation of the

in this Atlas. Obviously, the

number

the

Check

List (Little 1953, p. 5)

is

followed and repeated below,

Trees are defined as woody plants hav-

:

ing one erect perennial stem or trunk at least 3 inches (7.5 centi-

meters) in diameter at breast height (4.5 feet or 1.3 meters), a

more or
at least

less definitely

and 24 families

formed crown of

foliage,

and a height of

is

shown by

distributed

totals

among

add 71 mostly

mapped

to the Florida trees

in

previous volumes.
Largest genera of Florida trees, as summarized in

Volume

5, are:

oak (Quercus), 19 species; holly (Ilex), 12; hawthorn (Crataegus),
10; pine (Pinus), 7; hickory (Carya), magnolia (Magnolia), and
cherry

—plum (Prunus), 6 each;

and maple (Acer),

common

5.

South Florida are omitted
because they are naturalized, rather than native. Examples are:

Cocos nucijera L., coconut; Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T.
in

Blake, cajeput-tree; and Psidium guajava L., guava.

more

Florida possesses

species of native trees than

State of the continental United States. Texas,
plants also grow,

with insertion of approximate metric equivalents (and slight increase in height to agree)

tropical genera

of tree species in-

cluded here depends somewhat upon the definition used. That of

They are

75 genera and 38 plant families. These

Several tropical species

native woody-plant species that reach tree size and that should be

mapped

richness of the tropical flora of South Florida

The

in

451-472) and current synonyms

green hawthorn

the 98 tropical species with large maps.

in-

accepted scientific names, and their approved

common names. That
use (Index of

1953) serves as a basis for the species

(Little

trees, their

L.,

any other

where subtropical

second with about 220 tree species (also about

is

15 of hawthorn, Crataegus)

However, Hawaii, the 50th

.

State, has

more than 300 species of native tropical trees (about 370 have been
named). Approximately 540 are found in the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico.

13 feet (4 meters)

Species whose individuals sometimes reach the above dimensions

somewhere within

their natural range in the continental United

States have been included in this Atlas as well as in the

Some shrubby

Check

The maps

species attain tree size southward. Their inclusion

has increased the scope of this reference and number of maps.

The

PREPARATION OF THE MAPS

List.

trees of this

volume are classed

as

gymnosperms, composed

of plants with naked seeds and without true flowers, and angio-

sperms, or flowering plants. Conifers or cone-bearing plants,
also as softwoods, include the needleleaf evergreens

this

volume have been compiled from various

Principal records on tree distribution include publications, her-

barium specimens,

The more

known

and belong

in

sources, following the procedure explained in the first volume.

to

field

work, and review by local specialists.

detailed publications with information about tree dis-

tribution in Florida are listed under Selected References (p. 20)

the gymnosperms.

Examples are

Most of Florida's tree species of angiosperms are hardwoods,
They are classed as dicotyledons, flowering plants with trunks of
bark and wood, usually hard, which increases in thickness by
annual growth rings. Also included in this volume are monocotyledons, flowering plants whose trunks are not divided into bark
and wood and whose less compact woody tissue does not increase in
thickness by growth rings. Examples are 2 species of yucca, Yucca,
and 9 of palms.
The native trees of Florida (excluding hawthorn, Crataegus)
mapped in this volume total 262 species in 147 genera and 63

graphs, some with maps.

plant families.

They may be grouped further

species in 5 genera

The

classic

contains important locality records.

Though more than one-fourth
maps of

tions with distribution

of the States

all

Florida has not been so covered previously.

begun a

now have

publica-

or most native tree species,

Ward

(1963)

has

series of contributions to the flora of Florida with species

maps

of distribution by counties, the first on the genus Pinus.
John Kunkel Small (1869-1938) prepared many publications
with distribution notes based upon his extensive field work in
Florida, especially the southern part with

its

tropical flora.

He

13

wrote handbooks of Florida trees and shrubs (Small 1913c, 1913d,

and 4 families; monocotyledons, 11 species in

1917), local floras of the Florida Keys and Miami (Small 1913a,

into

conifers,

8 genera and 2 families; and dicotyledons, 238 species in 134
genera and 57 families.

A

botanical index of genera and families

appeared in the Check List

The 10 Florida

and taxonomic monoManual by Sargent (1926)

tree guides, floras, manuals,

(Little 1953, p.

445-450)

hawthorn (Crataegus) listed below increase the State total to about 272 tree species. (However, Kurz and
Godfrey (1962) described and illustrated 18 species of Crataegus
species of

in northern Florida.)

,

and manuals of the

flora of the Southeastern

United States

(Small 1903, 1933).

The current reference on

is by West
Kurz and Godfrey (1962)
described the trees of nothern Florida, and Craighead (1971)
issued the first volume of his work on the trees of South Florida.

and Arnold (1956),

first

the native trees of Florida

issued in 1946.

Stevenson (1969) prepared a concise guide to the trees of Ever-

Crataegus aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray, May hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli L., cockspur hawthorn
Crataegus flava Ait., yellow hawthorn
Crataegus lacrimata Small, Pensacola hawthorn
Crataegus marshallii Eggl., parsley hawthorn

Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Medic, Washington hawthorn
Crataegus pulcherrima Ashe, beautiful hawthorn
Crataegus spathulata Michx.,

1913b)

littlehip

hawthorn

glades National Park and the Florida Keys, with small general

maps. Earlier, Buswell (1945, 1946) wrote bulletins on the native
trees and shrubs of South Florida. The descriptive manual of the
seed plants of southern peninsular Florida by
(

Long and Lakela

1971 ) contains brief notes on ranges.
Additional distribution records have been contributed by local

example, the Tampa Bay area by Lakela et al. (1976),
Alachua County by Murrill (1937, 1939), and the three southernfloras, for


.

.

most counties by Lakela and Craighead (1965). Islands with published plant lists include the Sand Keys (Millspaugh 1907), Key

West (Melvill 1884 Big Pine Key and surrounding keys (Dickson,
Woodbury, and Taylor 1953), Sanibel Island (Cooley 1955), and
St. Vincent Island (McAtee 1913)
1

One

,

of the most detailed sources of information for tree distri-

bution in southern peninsular Florida

Alexander and Crook

(

1975

)

.

the recent report by

is

of 100

lists

in.,

The base map
dard parallels

from Lake Okeechobee southward.
Herbarium specimens have been an important source for the
preparation of the Florida maps, as for other volumes. The com-

longitude.

herbaria within the State

copy

to

records from unpublished

locality

These are the University of Florida

labels.

maps and specimen
Florida at

In this Atlas volume, the

has been the vegetation

of vegetation boundaries

main source

map

of Florida by Davis

maps were Vegetation by A. W.

useful

(1967). Other

Kiichler, National Atlas

Sheet No. 90 (U.S. Geological Survey 1970), and Forest Types,

As

was reduced and adapted slightly for inclusion in the first
volume as overlay map 9, Major Forest Types. That overlay can be
adapted also for the 164 species maps of the same scale in this
Atlas volume.

These maps have been prepared through the years along with
other

work by

the compiler

and an

assistant.

The

tropical species,

not covered in early Forest Service maps, were added in 1962.

maps and could be traced

if

necessary. However, detailed record-

made by computers) would have added greatly to the time
and cost of preparation without increasing the accuracy and would
have delayed publication. The compiler's field work in Florida
those

began with studies of the

trees of the

Miami area

in

September

Key

1950, the pines in January 1951, and the trees of Big Pine

in

For assistance

in

preparing and drafting maps, credit

is

due

Barbara H. Honkala, research botanist, who also made the cover
design.

Many maps were

many

persons. Special acknowledgment

the scale

is

1 to a

page, are of the tropical hardwoods,

show distribution in greater detail, for example,
The scale is roughly 1 :4,000,000, about 63
(40 km to 1 cm)

as large, in order to

in the Florida Keys.

Each

in.

species has only 1

mapped

map. Range outside of Florida

volume, though expressed in

in this

charted previously, Volumes

maps

and 4 show entire ranges on base

1

North America. How-

ever, occurrence of tropical trees outside the

United States has not

been plotted.
List of

Maps

cites the

(p. iv)

the 262 tree species. Index of

number and order

Common Names and

of

maps

of

Index of Scienti-

Names follow the maps.
The latest known range of each species is summarized also in
text under Species Maps and Ranges (p. 6). Both the distribution
fic

within Florida and the entire natural range are cited. Forest Service

Check

Lists contain

The natural

summaries of range

in this Atlas, is the geographical area

any and

all varieties,

plotted separately,

is

also.

distribution or range of a tree species, as

is

where the

mapped

species, including

native or wild. Varieties have not been

and hybrids are omitted.

The distribution of the native tree species of the United States
mapped as of the present time, exclusive of changes caused

directly or indirectly

by Europeans. However, where modifications

have occurred, the distribution

is

intended to be before Columbus,

some tree species with
may have been spread by American Indians.

useful products

These maps do not show where a species grows outside the

by mankind, whether planted, escaped, adventive. or naturalized.
Records of planted or introduced trees outside the continuous

Black, Frank C. Craighead, Sr., John Popenoe,

cultivation have been omitted. Also excluded are naturalized trees,

is

responsible for

all

those introduced outside their natural range and thoroughly established

errors.

and reproducing

Volume 5

follow the general plan of previous

volumes, from which this explanation

is

adapted. Page size

as

in the future,

successful introductions

EXPLANATION OF THE MAPS

of

not

is

For the species

text.

of the United States and, as needed, of

Perhaps

maps

can be adapted, as noted previously.

1

natural ranges have not knowingly been mapped. Reports of trees

Naturally the compiler

Species

unchanged, these maps can be compared readily

planted for forestry, shade, or other purposes and of escapes from

William B. Robertson, Roy 0. Woodbury, and Richard P. Wunderlin.

is

George

of tropical species: Taylor R. Alexander, Daniel F. Austin,

W.

from that of the

review of the large maps

to the following for their careful

N. Avery, David

and

natural range after having been introduced directly or indirectly

drafted by Charles F. Tyson.

Valuable assistance, particularly in reviewing the preliminary

maps, was contributed by

made

differs slightly

or pre-Columbian. In Florida

September 1952.

latitude

mostly in South Florida. These 98 new maps are about 2.5 times

Sources of most locality records were indicated on the working

keeping and reproduction of numerous dots on most maps (such as

mark

inch equals approximately 158 miles and 1 centi-

Maps Nos. 159-256,

National Atlas Sheet No. 182, prepared by the Forest Service. The
last

stan-

with those of previous volumes. Also, the 9 transparent overlays

and landforms

along borders of ranges.

—

State alone.

miles to 1
lines

Equal Area Projection

45 1/2°- Lines show State and county

from the corner of the larger map

records.

have been very useful in location of

for the contiguous United States,

meter, 100 kilometers. Naturally, this projection of Florida taken

from Volume

of vegetation, forest types, topography,

same

the

29%° and

One

Tampa, and University of Miami at Coral Gables. For the published flora the detailed maps at the University of South Florida
based upon large collections in the southern part of the State
were very helpful. Credit is due all curators for the privilege of consulting the herbaria and for their cooperation in supplying these

Maps

is

boundaries, and crosses at 5-degree intervals

at Gainesville, Florida

State University at Tallahassee, University of South

in

scale 1:10,000.000, Albers Conical

quadrats, each 1 square mile in area, dispersed through 8 counties

piler twice visited four large university

same as

the

for the State of Florida are of

Their South Florida ecological study

financed by the National Park Service contains plant

11%

Volumes 2-A. However, species maps
two sizes and are arranged in three
groups, each in alphabetical order by scientific name.
Maps Nos. 1-13 are of the 13 conifers, and Nos. 14—158.6 are
of the 151 temperate hardwoods. Florida maps of these 164 species
are reproduced from portions of maps in Volumes 1 and 4 on the
same scale, 6 to a page.
by

is

9 1/£

though native.

maps adding

beyond

forest plantations or other

the original occurrence

may

merit

compilation. In the meantime, maps of Plant Hardiness Zones

may

when planted

out-

suggest roughly where a species would be hardy
side

its

natural range. General

Map

No. 6 serves for Florida. The


.

map

Arboretum

for the contiguous United States (U.S. National

1965) was reproduced as overlay 4 of Volume

Natural geographic distribution of each species

brown-shaded pattern of

fine dots

chinkapin oak,

low but rarely

1.
is

shown

as a

on the black-and-white base map.

must be enlarged to a dot, representing
on a map. Width of strips,
such as along coasts, has been broadened slightly. A few localities
beyond the main range, where a species is known to have occurred
with only a few

trees,

several miles in diameter, to be visible

naturally within historic times but

is

now

extinct, are designated

by X- Arrows have been added to direct attention to isolated dots.
Presence or absence is shown, but not abundance or density.

Commercial range, formerly indicated on some old maps,

is

not

Sambucus canadensis

maps do not indicate forest types, or forest cover
which
types,
are shown in overlay 9, Major Forest Types, in Volume
species
are not confined to a single forest type and have
1. Most tree

ranges somewhat beyond. However, many species are characteristic
of and largely within certain broad types. The comprehensive
species

classification of

forest cover types prepared

American Foresters (1954)

A

elder, includes S. simpsonii

American

L.,

Sapindus saponaria

L.,

wingleaf soapberry, Florida including

Florida Keys and southeastern Georgia, apparently introduced

northward, has as a synonym S. marginatum Willd., Florida soapberry.
Tilia

caroliniana

Mill.,

basswood,

Carolina

includes

as

a

synonym T. floridana Small, Florida basswood.
The remaining changes below concern Florida

trees mostly not

represented in previous volumes of the Atlas.

Two

species of Acacia have been discovered

additional

on the Florida Keys, where

they are very rare. Eighteen other changes involve adoption of

designated.

The

omitted here as a clump-forming shrub, usually

Rehd., Florida elder.

Outlying stations or outliers are shown similarly by large or small
dots according to size. However, the smallest areas, such as a grove

is

treelike.

lists

by the Society of

become

Examples

in

as varieties or

Acacia choriophylla Benth., cinnecord,

One

found

tree

may have been

(Alexander 1968)

Another was located

is

added as a very rare

1967 on northern Key Largo

in

destroyed by a

fire

in

1975.

in 1977.

Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., long-spine acacia,

in-

so thoroughly naturalized that the

limits of their original ranges are in doubt.

names or segregates and union of names

native tree.

species but lacks maps.

few tree species have spread widely by planting or other

troductions and have

older

synonyms.

South

Florida are Solanum erianthum, mullein nightshade, and Cordia

is

added as a native

tree. Fifteen plants,

apparently native, were

found on Ramrod Key (near Big Pine Key)

Very rare and also in cultivation
persistent and escaping.

sebestena, Geiger-tree.

Acoelorrhaphe wrightii

in

1963 (Ward 1967)

as an ornamental

and apparently

& H. Wendl.)

(Griseb.

H. Wendl.,

paurotis or paurotis-palm, replaces Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H.

Wendl.) Britton.

TREE NAMES

and common names follow the Forest Service Check
1953), except for minor revision of nomenclature.

Scientific

List

(Little

Differences in scientific names, including a few
deletions, are given below, the accepted

The

first

ranges in Florida are affected. The
of an older specific name.

ing tree

name

cited

11 changes below are repeated from

The

third

first
is

Amphitecna

revoluta H.B.K.

first.

4,

Cereus robinii (Lem.

because

2 involve the substitution

an addition of a shrub reach-

(typical), of

L.,

black-mangrove, replaces A. nitida

Colubrina

Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers., dwarf palmetto, formerly omitted as
a shrub, includes 5. louisiana (Darby) Bomhard, Louisiana palapplied to plants with trunks.

Styrax americana Lam., American snowbell, becomes a small

The next 7 names involve omission or deletion, mostly through
union of 2 species. The second of 2 species, both accepted in the
1953 Check List, has been united and reduced to a synonym or
Cyrilla

key tree-cactus, with 2 varieties

Lower Florida Keys,

replaces Cephalocereus keyensis

racemiflora

elliptica (Sw.)

Briz.

Eugenia foetida

Pers., boxleaf stopper, replaces E. myrtoides

Poir., as well as E. buxifolia (Sw.)

synonym

is

swamp

cyrilla,

has

Raf., littleleaf cyrilla,

Osmanthus americanus

(L.) Benth.

& Hook,

as

varieties

A

fig,

is

an older name for F.

or

Guapira discolor (Spreng.)

and C. arida Small,

f.,

homonym.

laevigata Vahl.

Florida cyrilla.

a variety O. americanus var. megacarpus

Willd., a later

E. anthera Small, Smalls eugenia.

Ficus citrifolia Mill., shortleaf
L.,

& Stern, soldierwood, of Upper

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., hopbush, of Florida including
Lower Florida Keys, also southern Arizona, has D. microcarpa
Small as a synonym of a variety.

first.

synonyms C. parvifolia

Deering tree-cactus, of

Florida Keys, replaces C. reclinata (L'Her.) Brongn.

tree.

variety of the

L. Benson,

Upper Florida Keys, replaces Cephalocereus deeringii Small.

Jacq.

name

)

replaces 2 species of Cephalocereus. Var. robinii, key tree-cactus

Britton. Var. deeringii (Small) L. Benson,

size.

Avicennia germinans (L.)

metto, a

A. H. Gentry, black-calabash, re-

Bourreria radula (Poir.) G. Don, rough strongbark replaces B.

additions and

Volume

(Mill.)

latifolia

places Enallagma latifolia (Mill.) Small.

devilwood, has as

(Small)

P.

S.

Green

Little,

longleaf blolly, includes as

synonyms these variations based upon leaf shape and size: Torrubia
bracei Britton, T. globosa Small, and T. longifolia (Heimerl)
Britton.

Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth., Bahama lysiloma, replaces

{O. megacarpus (Small) Small), bigfruit osmanthus, of Florida.
L.

bahamense Benth.

Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., redbay, includes as a variety P.
bordonia var. humilis (Nash) Kopp {P. humilis Nash), silkbay,
and as a synonym P. littoralis Small, shorebay, both of Florida.

places Achras emarginata (L.) Little.

Quercus prinoides Willd., dwarf chinkapin oak, which also has
been united to include as a variety Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.,

replaces Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq.

Manilkara bahamensis (Baker)

Mastichodendron foetidissimum

Lam &
(Jacq.)

Meeuse, wild-dilly,

re-

Cronq., false-mastic,

.

.

.

.

Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh, rwinberry stopper,
simpsonii

I

Small

R.

i

W. Long, Simpson

stopper

(

4. Florida. This base

re-

and has as a variety M. fragrans var.

places Eugenia dicrana Berg

Anamomis

Survey
in

is

South Florida. The scale

simpsonii Small, Eugenia simpsonii (Small) Sarg., and Myrcian-

63 miles to

thes simpsonii (Small) K. A. Wilson)

aries, rivers,

Psidium longipes (Berg McVaugh. long-stalk stopper, replaces
Eugenia longipes Berg and E. bahamensis auth.
I

Rapanea punctata (Lam.) Lundell, Florida rapanea, replaces R.
guianensis Aubl., which is a South American species.
Solanum erianthum D. Don, mullein nightshade or potato-tree,
Keys and extreme southern

map by

km

inch (40

preservation of the renewable natural resources. Comparisons with

map

a tree species

pected within the boundary.

not L.

The Forest
thatchpalm or key thatch-

palm, replaces or includes as a variety T. microcarpa Sarg.

Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex

A. &

J.

J.

The next 4 tree species formerly listed

Keys have been excluded (Little 1976b)
Andira inermis (W. Wright

I

as native

Service, L^nited States

The Apalachicola (A)

City,

and the Ocala (C

The National Park

on the Florida

DC, cabbage

angelin,

was found

be ex-

Department of Agriculture,

is

located in the northwestern

)

in the north central part near Ocala.

Service, United States

Department of the

Interior, administers the Everglades National

Park (D)

at

the

southern end of Florida, with headquarters at Homestead, and

Monument

the Biscayne National

only once and possibly was an accidental migration.

may

whether that species

part near Tallahassee, the Osceola (B) in the northern part near

Lake

palm, replaces T. floridana Sarg. and T. parviflora auth.

will indicate

administers the 3 National Forests in Florida with headquarters
at Tallahassee.

H. Schult., Florida thatch-

approximately 1:4,000,000, about

to 1

5. National Forests, Everglades National Park, and Biscayne National Monument. Trees of many species are found
within the publicly owned lands dedicated to the management or

Texas, naturalized northward, replaces S. verbascifolium Jacq.,

brittle

is

cm). Lines show county boundand lakes. Counties, county seats, and physical features are named. Latitude and longitude are indicated by lines.
1

of southern Florida including Florida

Thrinax morrisii H. Wendl.,

the United States Geological

used for the ranges of the 98 tropical tree species mostly

(E) at the northern end of the

Florida Keys.

Bucida bu<:eras

L.,

oxhorn bucida, was introduced, not

native.

Additional State Forests and State Parks, not shown,
Clusia flava Jacq., was based upon misidentification of a sterile

specimen.

State Division of Forestry.

common

Crescentia cujete L.,

was introduced, not

calabash-tree,

native.

The

last

3 species, accepted in the 1953 Check List, are omitted

also in wildlife refuges

6.
L.,

upland cotton.

Psychotria ligustrifolia (Northrop)

Bahama balsamo.

Millsp.,
)

.

Seminole balsamo.

Service 1965).

Map

of

is

from the

of the contiguous United States pre-

(USD A

The cold hardiness zones

winter temperatures, that

is.

Agricultural Research

are based

upon average

the lowest temperature in

other factors are involved in adaptation and

earlier ones.

map

and Historic

special sanctuaries.

mental plants but are equally useful for native

This volume contains 6 General Maps, following the plan of

general

State Parks

each year. These zones indicate winter hardiness for certain orna-

GENERAL MAPS

North America. The

and

pared by the National Arboretum

minimum

1.

About 75

Plant Hardiness Zones. This Florida map

Plant Hardiness Zone

Psychotria nervosa Sw. (Ps. undata Jacq.

be

Memorials are administered by the Florida Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks. Trees are protected

as shrubs only rarely reported to attain tree size in Florida.

Gossypium hirsutum

may

found on State highway maps. Four State Forests are under the

North America, from

trees.

Of course,

distribution.

Of the 10 hardiness zones, Florida has the 3 warmest, or 5 subshown on this map. From north to south and coldest

divisions, as

previous volumes, locates Florida with reference to other States.

to warmest, these 5 subzones are listed here, with average mini-

Also shown are other place names, including the Provinces and

mum

other subdivisions of Canada, States of Mexico, and
additional countries.

about 473 miles to
2.

West

1

The

scale

inch (300

km

is

approximately

names

of

1:30,000,000,

Indies. Southern Florida

is

Zone

shown with reference

the principal islands including Puerto Rico

to

Many

of these place

names are men-

tioned under ranges of the tropical species. This

Woodbury, and Wadsworth 1974, fig.
in the absence of species maps with
scale is approximately

(110

km

to 1

map

1) will serve as a reference

the entire distribution.

1:11,000,000, about 175 miles to

cm), almost the same

the Southeastern United States.

(Little,

as in the following

Though

1

map

of

slightly reduced, the islands

and distances are comparable with the small maps of Florida.

Southeastern United States (contiguous). A base map
from the map of the contiguous
United States in Volume 4, scale 1:10,000,000, about 158 miles
to 1 inch ( 100 km to 1 cm)
3.

showing names of counties-

—

9a, 20° F., the northern part of the State except near the

Zone 9b, 25°

F.,

the central part of the State, except near

the coasts.

Zone 10a, 30° F., the southern part of the Florida mainland
north beyond Lake Okeechobee to Cape Canaveral on the east

coast and to Tampa Bay on the Gulf Coast.

The
inch

the

Atlantic Ocean.

and the Virgin Islands.

Also indicated are adjacent countries of Central America and

northern South America.

Zone 8b, the coldest climate, 15° F., in a few counties along
Alabama border in the northwestern part of the panhandle.

cm)

to 1

winter temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit.

Zone 10b, 35°

F., the

Florida Keys and southern end of main-

land, north to Indian River

County on

County on the

east coast

and Collier

west.

Zones 8b and 9a could be grouped with colder zones as having
temperate climate. Zones 9b and 10a could be classed as
subtropical. Zone 10b could be considered tropical, though with
a

warm

freezing temperatures in infrequent years. However, the Florida

Keys are the only areas of the State which never experience
ing temperatures and which are actually tropical.

freez-


AND RANGES

SPECIES MAPS

No Name, Middle

Also 8 of Lower Fla. Keys (Big Pine, Little Pine,

Key

Torch, Big Torch, Ramrod, Howe, Cudjoe) and extinct on

The natural distribution of each species of Florida trees within
this State is shown on a map (Species Maps 1-256). Also the
range, both within Florida and beyond, is summarized in text for
reference. Ranges have been compiled from these maps for this
volume and for the forthcoming revision of the Forest Service
Check List.
The
check

entire distribution

Most place names have been abbreviated. The

lists.

along the corners and
listed,

given in outline form, as in previous

is

generally from northeast to northwest, southwest, and south-

However, ranges of species confined

east.

to the Coastal Plain of

and southwest. In many cases the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of
Mexico form natural boundaries on one side. Portions of States,
especially large ones, along the corners and limits have been men-

tioned where the distribution within those States
Distribution
States

more or

is

named. Isolated

continuous in a line connecting the

less

not noted. Counties or other geographical divisions have been cited
in a

few instances, mostly trees of local or restricted occurrence.

United States have not been given in

detail.

For the

trees extending

southward in Mexico the Mexican States forming the outlines have
been cited where known. Likewise, presence

noted in West

is

Indies and specifically Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Central

given in greater detail for the 98

species

on large maps of the State and not ranging into other

States.

There follows the range beyond, which

is

N.J.

s.

map
from

to c. Fla.

s.

Del. to

to

extreme

map

in other Atlas vol-

umes follow the statements of ranges. These maps in Volumes 1,
3, and 4 chart the distribution beyond Florida in the continental
United States and North America.
1.

Chamaecyparis thyoides

Coastal Plain from central Maine

Atlas vol.
2.

map

1,

B.S.P., Atlantic white-cedar.

(L.)
s.

and w.

to n. Fla.

to

Miss.

s.

(Small)

silicicola

southern

Bailey,

Coastal Plain, chiefly near coast, from ne. N.C.
to se. Tex. Atlas vol. 1,

Taxus floridana

12.

map

Juniperus virginiana

map

and

c.

s.

Minn.,

and

Tex.,

L.,

to

s.

c.

redcedar.
Fla.

and w.

Widespread

eastern redcedar.

to n. N.Y.,

extreme

and Ga. Atlas

Pinus clausa (Chapm.)

Que.,

s.

s.

s.

vol. 1,

in e.

Ont.,

to w. Nebr.,

maps 31-W,

Vasey, sand pine.

Ne. to

(Ocala race or var. clausa) and in nw. Fla. and extreme

Atlas vol.

.

1,

and

and threatened by a fungus

local

5.

Pinus echinata

map

Alta.,

Tenn.

e.

e.

Tex.,
6.

to

s.

and

Pinus
Fla.

e.

elliottii

S.C. to

c.

Fla.

s.

111.,

and

and Ga. Atlas

s.

Extreme
Mo.,

vol. 1,

s.

Acer negundo

s.

map

c.

Okla.

Very widespread through most

nw. N.J. and c. N.Y.

Wyo., Utah, and

e.

from

New England and

Mich., n. Minn.,

c.

local

Tex., sw. Ark.,

e.

c.

Man.,

Calif.,

and

and

Sask.,

c.
e.

Fla. Also local in N.H., Vt., Mass., Conn., Idaho,

c.

Atlas vol. 4,

2.

boxelder.

L.,

Ont.,

to c. Mont.,

s.

to

s.

and Nev. Natu-

Que., N.B., N.S., and P.E.I, and in

s.

s.

Tex. and

se.

Wash, and e. Oreg. Also vars. in mts. of Mex. (N.L. and S.L.P.
to Chis.) and Guatemala. Atlas vol. 1, maps 96-W, 96-E, 96-N.

s.

17. Acer rubrum L., red maple. S. Nfld., N.S., and s. Que. w. to
and sw. Ont., extreme se. Man., and n. Minn., s. to Wis., 111.,
Mo., e. Okla., and e. Tex., and e. to s. Fla. Atlas vol. 1, maps

98-N, 98-E.

map

se.

The broken

line

on

elliottii,

slash pine (typical)

and w.

to se. La.

South Florida slash pine.

S. Fla.

.

map

Nebr., and

n.

19.

s.
s.

Fla.

and

n.

Minn.,

nw.

to Ark., La.,

e.

Fla.,

s.

to se. N.D., e.

and

c.

Ga. Atlas

101-E.

Aesculus pavia

to n. Fla.

and
to

c.
e.

S.C.

6 separates the

L.,

to

e.

red buckeye. Coastal Plain from

and

c.

N.C.

se.

Tex. to Edwards Plateau, and

n.

map

6.

Mo., and

s. 111.

Atlas vol. 4,

s.

N.B.,

10-SE, 10-N.
21.

Amelanchier arborea
S. Nfld., N.S., N.B.,

Mich., and
La.,

Coastal Plain from

Fla.

and w.

Maine, w. to N.Y., Ohio, Ind., Mo., and extreme se. Kans.,
Okla. and e. Tex., and e. to n. Fla. Atlas vol. 4, maps 10-NE,

berry.

c.

and

maple. N.B., Maine, and extreme

20. Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd., hazel alder. Sw. N.S.,

and

52-E.
s.

Okla.,

in Miss. Valley to se. Okla., se.

Ala.

N.Y. and

along coasts to

map

e.

L., silver

Ont., n. Mich.,

se.

nw.

Var. densa Little & Dorman,

and

Acer saccharinum

Que. w. to

31-E.

to e. Okla.

Engelm., slash pine. Coastal Plain from

to se. La.

2 varieties: Var.
s.

Ky.,

e.

to n. Fla.

and w.

Atlas vol.

disease.

nw. Fla. and w. to La.,

to

s.

ralized ne. to Maine,

49-E.

Mill., shortleaf pine.

Ohio,

s.

Local in

Okla.

e.

Okla. Atlas vol. 4,

se.

16.

s.

N.J. w. to Pa.,

85-E.

Extreme sw. Ga.
(Gadsden, Liberty, and Jackson Cos.).

Acer leucoderme Small, chalk maple. Rare and

s.

(Baldwin Co.; Choctawhatchee race or var. immuginata D. B.

Ward)

map

1.

N.C. and

se.

4.

(Gadsden and

Fla.
1,

88-E.

Valley to n. Ark. and

map

18.

Dak., and sw. N. Dak.,

e. S.

to n. Fla.

e.

Nw.

14. Acer barbatum Michx., Florida maple. Coastal Plain and
Piedmont from se. Va. sw. to c. Fla., w. to e. Tex., and n. in Miss.

vol. 1,

Mich., and

111.,

Nutt., Florida yew.

(Decatur Co.) and nw. Fla.

29-E.

from sw. Maine

half of U.S.

s.

and n. in Miss. Valley
sw. Ind., and w. Ky. Atlas vol.
Tex.,

se.

Torreya taxifolia Arn., Florida torreya.

13.

s.

3.

s.

s.

11-E.

Juniperus

n. in Miss.

Coastal Plain

and

e.

Okla., se. Mo.,

se.

w. to extreme

same species

and

Tex.,

(L.) Rich., baldcypress.

c.

84-E.

some

of the

e.

Atlas vol. 1,

w. to

Fla.,

s.

of continental U.S. except

maps

N.J.

s.

74-E.

Coastal Plain and Piedmont

and w. to
Ark., and

Liberty Cos.). Very rare and local. Atlas vol.

1,

map

1,

Tenn.

Okla.,

se.

se.

65-E.

Ala. Atlas vol.

c.

L., loblolly pine.

and Del.

Taxodium distichum

s.

1,

not mapped.

also to the continent.

and

Fla.

These mostly tropical species continue into the West Indies, and
References to any

map

1,

75-E.

11.

15.
is

Atlas vol.

S.C.

e.

58-E.

Coastal Plain from

Mill., longleaf pine.

to e. Tex.

and nw.

Valley to extreme

America, and South America.
Distribution within Florida

c.

Pinus taeda

10.

from

to

s.

Very rare and

Entire ranges of species occurring also outside the continental

54-E.

Pinus serotina Michx., pond pine. Coastal Plain from

9.

which are shown on the maps, are

stations,

map

1,

map

to se. La. Atlas vol. 1,

and w.

Fla.

c.

and Del.

not widespread.

is

and w.

Pinus palustris

8.

Va. to

the Southeastern United States are cited from northeast to southeast

only from Fla. Atlas vol.

Pinus glabra Walt., spruce pine. Coastal Plain from

7.

to n. Fla.

States

irregular limits of distribution have been

Known

Largo.

and

e.

e.

Minn.,

to n. Fla.

s.

to

(Michx.
s.

f.)

extreme

Atlas vol. 4,

se.

Nebr.,

e.

e.

s.

Ohio,

to c. Fla.

s.

111.,

and

se.

Mo.,

Also escaping from

Kans.,

e.

s.

service-

Ont., n.

Okla.,

and

maps 11-N, 11-NE, 11-SE.

22. Aralia spinosa L., devils-walkingstick.

N.Y., to

downy

Fern.,

Que., and Maine, w. to

s.

cult,

from

s.

and c. and w.
and e. Tex., and

N.J.

to se. Okla.

New

Engl, to Mich.


and naturalized
4.

map

Asimina

23.

extreme

to

Conn, and perhaps elsewhere. Atlas

locally in

vol.

15.

Kans. and

triloba (L.

Ont.,

s.

Tex., and

e.

and

in N.J.. sw. Wis.,

Dunal. pawpaw.

)

Mich., n.

s.

to

e.

111.,

map

ne. Iowa. Atlas vol 4,

Nebr.,

se,

to

s.

to

e.

extinct

Coastal Plain,

Fla. inch Fla. Keys, w. to

s.

Tex.,

Sw. Conn, and

25. Betula nigra L., river birch.
n.

Okla.,

sw.

and

n. Ind., c. Wis.,

Ohio,

and

New

and

Tex.,

e.

Engl, to

and s. Kans., and w. and
and Tamps.) Also a var.

Va.

se.

ley to se. Mo.,

s.

s.

bumelia.

Ind., c. Ky.,

s.

map

(L.

and

ne.

and

Tenn.

e.

Miss. Val-

n. in

Atlas vol. 4,

Willd., tough bumelia. Coastal Plain of

)

mostly near coast,

and

se.

Ga.,

s.

to

s.

American hornbeam.

and

Minn.,

n.

map

Atlas vol. 4,

and Maine, w.

to

Also

34-NW, 34-SW, 34-N;

Plain from

Va. and

se.

treme w. Ky.

N.C.

e.

Miss. Valley to extreme

map

s.

Nutt.. water hickory.

to

s.

and w.

Fla.

to

Okla., se. Mo., extreme

se.

to

Also

n.

Hgo.

)

Also extinct in extreme sw. Ind.

Coastal

Tex., n. in

e.

s.

111.,

s.

in

Ind.,

c. 111., s.

and

Ky.

c.

maps 122-W,

1,

122-E.

and

Kans., and

se.

to

s.

Pa. and extreme

and

ex-

Atlas vol.

1,

Tex. and

e.

n. Fla.

s.

and

Ont.,

se.

Minn.,

Sw. N.S.,
to w.

s.

N.B.,

s.

Kans. and

Nebr.,

se.

Mex.

to

and Pa., w. to s.
and e. to c. Fla.
Tamps., and s. to S.L.P. and

Trans-Pecos and

Chih. and Coah.,

(e.

Extinct at

.

s.

e.

to

N.J.

Tex.,

s.

extreme sw. Ont. Atlas

1 locality in

Ohio,

Ky., and

e.

Mo.,

Pa., w.

s.

and

Tex.,

e.

e.

to

43.

(Lam.)

Ga. and

se.

and

S. N.J.

and

to se. Okla.

s.

monophylla

45. Cliftonia

Coastal Plain from

map

s.

map

Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

c.

maps

vol. 3,

maps 33-N, 33-NE, 33-SE.

44. Chionanthus virginicus L., fringetree.
s.

maps

Atlas vol. 3,

Asia.

e.

maps 32-NE, 32-SE, 32-N.

vol. 4,

buckwheat-tree.

Britton,

n. Fla.,

w. to

La.

se.

Atlas vol. 4,

37.

111-E.

Cornus

46.

Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, bitternut hickory.

31.

Que

se.

Sw. N.H.,
Minn.,

32.
lusia

and extreme

Vt.,

Que. w. to

s.

and

to e. Nebr., c. Okla.,

s.

Ga. Atlas vol.

1.

map

e.

s.

Tex.,

Ont.,

and

Mich., and n.

c.

33.

Carya glabra

s.

Kans.,

se.

e.

Ont.,

s.

Okla.,

e.

s.

dogwood.

Man.,

s.

and

Nfld.

to Mo., n. Ark.,

maps 38-NE, 38-SE, 38-N.

dogwood. Extreme sw. Maine

Mich.,

c.

and

and

vol. 4,

florida L., flowering

Tex.,

s.

Ont.,

c.

Mich., n.

1,

map

and

e.

and extreme

111.,

Tex.,

and

e.

to

c.

se.

Fla.

113-E.

Carya pallida

(Ashe)

Carya tomentosa
Kans.,

s.

to

Nutt.,

Tex.,

e.

Engl.

mockernut hickory.

Ont.,

s.

and

e.

s.

Mich., n.

111.,

S.
se.

to n. Fla. Atlas vol. 1,

N.H. and
Iowa, Mo.,

map

117-E.

36. Castanea alnifolia Nutt., Florida chinkapin. Coastal Plain
to n. Fla.

and

se.

La.

37. Castanea dentata (Marsh.)

Maine w.
s.

to N.Y.,
111.,

s.

to

extreme
s.

s.

Atlas vol. 4,

map

c. 111.,

and

e.

and

c.

Mo.,

s.

to ex-

Also var. in

to n. Fla.

Ont., se. Mich., Ohio,

s.

Ind.,

and

Formerly also nw.

S.

exFla.

Atlas vol.

.

swamp

1,

cyrilla.

maps 124-N, 124-E.
Coastal Plain from

and w. to se. Tex. Also West Indies in mts. from
Cuba to P.R. and Lesser Antilles. Atlantic Coast of C. Am. from
Belize to Nicaragua, and n. S. Am. frcm Guyana to Venezuela,
se.

Va. to

Fla.

c.

Colombia, and Brazil. Atlas

vol. 4,

49. Diospyros virginiana L.,

treme

se.

Mo., and

N.Y., and N.J., w. to
Kans.,

e.

s.

to

Fla. Keys. Atlas vol. 1,

50. Erythrina

Plain from

and

se.

Tex. Also

s.

ceous
51.

n.

c.

herbacea

e.

Atlas vol. 4,

common persimmon.
Ohio,

c.

c.

c. 111.,

Tex.,

S.

extreme

and

Conn., ex-

se.

Iowa,

n.

s.

Fla. inch

coralbean.

Coastal

e.

to

123-E.
L.,

southeastern
s.

and w. to e.
A
to Pue., Oax., and Ver.

Keys, and shrubby or herba-

Fla. inch Fla. Keys,

Mex. (Tamps,
s.

maps 45-N, 45-SE.

Okla. and

map

N.C. and S.C. to

tree in U.S. only in

26.

Borkh., American chestnut.

Miss, and sw. Ga.

Mex. (N.L. and Ver.)

48. Cyrilla racemiflora L.,

Mass. and sw.

(Mill.) Sweet, pignut hickory.

to extreme se. Kans., Ark.,

from N.C.

treme

treme

alternate-leaf

f.,

Ont., Minn.,

and Ga. Atlas

w. to N.Y., extreme

mts. of ne.

23.

Mass. w. to N.Y., extreme
e.

Cornus

47.

& Graebn., sand hickory.
Coastal Plain from s. N.J. and Del. s. to Ga., w. to nw. Fla. and se.
La., and n. in Miss. Valley to Tenn., se. Ky., s. 111., and sw. Ind.
Also recorded from Conn. Atlas vol. 4, map 24.
35.

s.

.

map

Atlas vol.
34.

Miss., nw. Fla.,

112-E.

N.H. w. to N.Y., extreme
Iowa,

alternifolia L.

w. to Maine,

and

to nw. Fla.

e.

Carya floridana Sarg., scrub hickory. Local in c. Fla. (Voand Marion Co., s. to Charlotte and Palm Beach Cos.) Atlas

vol. 4,

and

Mo.,

n.

Atlas vol.

.

43. Cercis canadensis L., eastern redbud.

to
)

Va.

se.

s. Tex., and e. to s. Fla., and in Ariz, and Calif.
Mex. and C. Amer. to Honduras and in Cuba. The same

in

s.

109-N, 109-E.
f.

Md. and

S.

w. to sw. Tex., and n. in

Fla.,

s.

Kans.,

s.

Que.,

s.

38-N, 38-SW; vol. 4,

Carya aquatica (Michx.

Atlas vol.

Fla.

Trans-Pecos and

Mo.,

Me.

C.

to c. Iowa,

s.

Okla.,

30.

and

31.

and e. Tex., and e. to c. Fla. Also in ne. Mex. (Tamps.)
and from s. Mex. to Guatemala and Honduras. Atlas vol. 1, maps

e.

Engl, and N.Y. w. to

to e. Tex.

41. Celtis tenui folia Nutt., Georgia hackberry.

Mich, and

29. Carpinus caroliniana Walt.,

Native prob-

30.

Ont., w. to Ind., Mo.,

s.

Atlas vol. 4,

Fla.

s.

22.

sw. Que., se. Ont., n. Mich.,

New

s.

s.

or a closely related species also in

Bumelia tenax

28.

Mich., Mo., and Okla., and

Coastal Plain and Piedmont to

e.

21.

S.C.,

29.

42. Cephalanthus occidentalis L., buttonbush.

and

Tex.

C. Fla.

Mo.,

111., c.

buckthorn bumelia. Coastal

Pers.,

s.

map

4,

20.

to n. Fla., w. to se. Tex.,

111.,

and

local in ne.

s.

Pa.,

s.

e.

e.

Mex. (Coah., N.L.,

to ne.

s.

map

Widely naturalized from

uncertain.

Ohio,

40. Celtis laevigata Willd., sugarberry.

Kans.,

se.

in extreme sw. N. Mex., se. Ariz.,

24; vol. 4,

Bumelia lycioides (L.I

27.

Plain from

map

map

3,

map

4,

to

s.

ably in sw. Ga., nw. Fla., Ala., and Miss., the original distribution

Also ne. Mex. (Tamps, to Coah.)

gum

Pers.,

and

Ohio. Atlas vol.

110-E.

in Miss. Valley to

Tex.,

s.

.

Son. Atlas vol.

and

Miss., La.,

s.

s.

and

N.Y., w. to

se.

Iowa,

e.

Also local in

Fla.

c.

Miss. Valley to w. Okla.,

map

vol. 1,

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.)

26.

and Ga. w. to

to

s.

and Ga. Also

to n. Fla.

e.

N.H. Atlas

s.

Minn.,

se.

and

Allegheny chinkapin. N.J. and

Mill.,

Ky., Tenn., Ark., and se. Okla.,

e.

39. Catalpa bignonioides Walt., southern catalpa.

and n. in Miss. Valley to se. Okla., Ark., and n. Miss. Also
Bahamas and a var. in Cuba. Atlas vol. 4, maps 18-NE, 18-SE.

s.

pumila

38. Castanea

sw. to extreme

16.

24. Baccharis halimi folia L., eastern baccharis.

generally near coast, from Mass.

s.

and Ga. Also

La., nw. Fla.,

s.

Pa. and w. N.Y., w.

Iowa, and

s.

Almost exterminated nearly half century ago by the chestnut blight
fungus, but stump sprouts persist. Atlas vol. 4, maps 27-NE, 27-SE.

s.

Fla. incl. Fla.

)

.

maps 48-N, 48-SE.

Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., American beech. Cape Breton Is.,
and N.B., w. to Maine, s. Que., s. Ont., and n. Mich.,

N.S., P.E.I.,


.

s.

e.

and

Tex.,

and s. 111., se. Mo., n. Ark., se. Okla., and
Fla. and Ga. Also var. in mts. of ne. Mex.

extreme

to e. Wis.,

to n.

e.

(Tamps., Hgo., and Pue.)

Atlas vol.

.

52. Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir., swamp-privet. Coastal

from

Plain, chiefly,

Miss. Valley to

and

to

map

vol. 4,

and

Tex.,

e.

Okla., extreme se. Kans., ne. Mo.,

e.

Tenn. Atlas

c.

and w.

S.C. to n. Fla.

s.

n. in

50.

Krug & Urban,

and N.B., w.

and

Minn.,

to Fla.

s.

Maine,

to

Cape Breton

white ash.

L.,

Que.,

s.

to n. Iowa, e. Nebr.,

s.

s.

Ont., n. Mich., n. Wis.,

Okla.,

e.

N.S.,

Is.,

and

Tex.,

e.

and

and w.

Fla.

s.

map

Atlas vol. 4,

to se. Tex.

and

Ga. Atlas vol.

maps

Sask.,

c.

1,

Local in

from

river bottoms, chiefly in Coastal Plain

Md.

s.

to se.

58. Gleditsia aquatica Marsh., waterlocust. Coastal Plain

from

to n. Fla.

s.

Ind.,

s. 111.,

Fla.

c.

and w.

to e. Tex.,

and

Valley to Mo.,

n. in Miss.

s.

vol.

s.

to

Mich.,

s.

Nebr.,

e.

Kans.,

N.C. to

e.

Fla.

c.

Minn., Iowa, and

ne. to

1,

s.

W.

and

Va.,

Ohio, w. to extreme

s.

map

s.

s.

S.C.

and Ga.

Coastal Plain, S.C.
Atlas vol. 4,

to

vol. 4,

nw.

map

Fla.,

map

w. to

111.,

se.

and

s.

from
to w.

Okla. Atlas

se.

Tex. and

s.

from
Ark.

59.

n.

Local, chiefly in

Fla., Ala.,

and Miss.

60.

Hamamelis virginiana
Que., w. to

s.

L., witch-hazel.

N.S., N.B., Maine,

Ont., n. Mich.,

.

Ilexambigua (Michx.) Torr., Carolina holly. Coastal Plain,
chiefly, from N.C. to c. Fla. and e. Tex., n. to se. Okla., n. Ark.,
and n. Ala. Atlas vol. 4, map 62.
65.

8

dahoon. Coastal Plain from
Recorded long ago from se. Tex.

Is.)

,

American

W.

Okla.,

to e.

se.

map

s.

ne. Minn.,

Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

c.

and w.

and

s.c.

Conn., and

s.
s.

Ohio,

and

Tex.,

e.

e.

and

to c.

131-E.

Iowa,

common

se.

winterberry.

Mo., Ark., and

Nfld.,

Ont., n. Mich.,

s.

and

se. La.,

e.

and

to n.

maps 70-N, 70-NE, 70-SE.

Hex vomitoria

Fla.,

Va., extreme

Que., and Maine, w. to

s.

to ne.

s.

E. Mass.,

holly.

sw. to se. Pa.,

Mo., and

se.

to se. La.

Ait.,

P.E.I., N.S., N.B.,

to

yaupon. Coastal Plain from

Ait.,

and

s.

and

Tex.,

c.

n. to

extreme

se.

Va. to

Okla., sw.

se.

and n. Ala. Also a var. in s. Mex. (Chis.). NaturalBermuda. Atlas vol. 4, maps 71-N, 71-SE.

Ark., n. Miss.,
ized in

of nw. Fla. to

c.

Ala.,

s.

Miss.,

and

75. lllicium parviflorum Michx., yellow
local in

c.

map

w. to extreme
to w.

s.

Rare and

anise-tree.

Marion, Lake, Seminole, and Polk Cos.).

Fla. (Volusia,

Atlas vol. 4,

map

Coastal Plain

La. Also ne. Mex. (Tamps.)

se.

maps 72-N, 72-NE.

Atlas vol. 4,

73.

Ont.,

Okla and

c.

Mich.,

and

Tex.,

c.

s.

e.

W.

Minn.,
to

Vt., w. Mass.,

and N.Y.,

Dak., and ne. Nebr.,

e. S.

nw. Fla. and Ga.

Atlas vol.

1,

134-E.

77.

Kalmia

Ohio, and

s.

latifolia L., mountain-laurel.

Ind.,

s.

and Ga. Atlas

vol. 4,

map

Maine w. to N.Y.,
and e. to n.

se. La.,

maps 75-NE, 75-SE.
Chapm., corkwood.

Ga., n. Fla., se. Tex.,

s.

Se.

and

to w. Tenn., e. Miss.,

78. Leitneria floridana

Coastal Plain in
vol. 4,

little silverbell.

(Saluda Co.), Ga.,

map

69.

opaca

Fla. Atlas vol. 1,

s.

and se. Minn., s. to e. Iowa,
Ark., se. Okla., and Edwards Plateau and se. Tex., and e. to c. Fla.
Also in ne. Mex. (Tamps.) Atlas vol. 4, maps 61-N, 61-NE, 61-SE.

s.

map

N.Y. (Long
Ky.,

Fla.

63. Halesia parviflora Michx.,

64.

c.

and w.

Fla.

76. Juglans nigra L., black walnut.

58.

(Nevada Co.). Atlas

and

n. to

56.

62. Halesia diptera Ellis, two-wing silverbell. Coastal Plain

extreme

se.

Coastal Plain

map

Miss. Atlas vol. 4,

s.

Tenn., Ala., n. Fla., and n. to N.C. Also in Ark. and
vol. 4,

se.

132-E.

61. Halesia Carolina L., Carolina silverbell. Mostly in mts.

sw. Va.,

c.

71. Ilex

Tex.,

se.

from S.C.

maps 132-W,

Ellis, loblolly-bay.

(L.)

and

c.

extreme nw. Ga., sw. Va.,

of Appalachian Mts.

e.

and

se.

and w. Okla., and

Engl, and w. Atlas vol.

Gordonia lasianthus

60.

from

New

c.

and

Fla.,

and w. Md. Naturalized
N.Y. and

Wis., extreme

s.

c.

and nw.

to Ala.

e.

66.

70. Ilex myrtifolia Walt., myrtle

N.C. to

74. lllicium floridanum Ellis, Florida anise-tree.

Ont.,

s.

Dak.,

and

map

Atlas vol. 4,

La. Also a var. or closely related sp. in Japan.

55.

59. Gleditsia triacanthos L., honeylocust. C. Pa. w. to Ohio, ex-

5.

Atlas vol. 4,

.

montana Torr. & Gray, mountain winterberry. Mts.
c. and sw. N.Y., s. to e. Ky., c. Tenn.,
and S.C. Also local s. and w. to nw. Fla., s. Ala., Miss., and

n. Ga.,

73.

extreme sw. Ind., and w. Ky. Not recorded from Ala. Atlas

treme

Okla., se.

e.

72. Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray,

and w. to La., and n. in Miss. Valley
and sw. Ohio. Atlas vol. 4, map 54.

Va.

se.

map

possumhaw. Md. and Va., s. in Coastal
and w. to se. and c. Tex., and n. in

Kans., ne. Mo., c. 111., se. Ind., w. Ky., and
Fla.,

c.

mostly, from w. Mass. and

130- W, 130-E, 130-N.

Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush, pumpkin ash.

S.C. to

4,

Que., and Maine, w. to

s.

Man.,

c.

swamps and
Mo.,

maps

Atlas vol. 4,

Walt.,

Tenn. Also ne. Mex. (Tamps, and N.L.)

Is.,

treme ne. Colo.,

111.,

interior to
se.

Atlas vol. 4,

53.

s. and sw. Ont., n. Mich.,
and se. Alta., s. to c. Mont., ne. Wyo., exKans., and c. and se. Tex., and e. to nw. Fla. and

N.S., N.B.,

and

Hex decidua

68.

Plain and Piedmont to

from

Ark. Also a var. in Cuba.

s.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., green ash. Cape Breton

57.

Also local in

.

Mex. (Ver. and Mex.).

c.

68.

55. Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., Carolina ash. Coastal Plain

Va. to

e.

maps 126-N, 126-E.

to n. Fla. Atlas vol. 1,

Minn.,

La. Recorded long ago from se.
Bahamas, w. Cuba, and ne. P.R.,

s.

69. Ilex

americana

P.E.I.,

56.

to

Hex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm., large gallberry. Coastal
se. Va. to n. Fla. and w. to se. Tex. Atlas vol. 4, map 65.

67.

51.

54. Fraxinus

e.

in

var.

and w.

Fla.

s.

64-N, 64-SE.

Florida-privet.

Keys and
Along and near coasts from se. Ga. and
Bahamas,
Bermuda,
n. on Gulf Coast to w. Fla. (Levy Co.). Also
Greater Antilles to P.R. and V.I., and Antigua. Atlas vol. 4,
ne. Fla.

ne.

and a

sw. Ind.,

c. 111.,

N.C. to

se.

Plain from

53. Forestiera segregata (Jacq.)

map

from

Tex. (Brazoria Co.)

maps 125-N, 125-E.

1,

Coastal Plain, mostly near coast

66. Ilex cassine L., dahoon.

e.

e.

Rare and local in
se. Mo. Atlas

Ark., and

74.

79. Liquidambar styraciflua L., sweetgum. Extreme sw. Conn,
and extreme se. N.Y. to Va., W. Va., s. Ohio, and s. 111., s. to se.
Mo., Ark., se. Okla., and e. Tex., and e. to c. Fla. Also a var. in
mts. of e. Mex. (Tamps, to Chis.) and Belize to Nicaragua. Atlas
vol. 1,

maps 135-N,

135-E.

80. Liriodendron tulipifera L., yellow-poplar.
Vt.,

w. to extreme

and

La.,

81.

treme

and

e.

s.

Ont. and

Mich.,

to n. Fla. Atlas vol. 1,

Lyonia ferruginea
S.C. and se. Ga.

s.

s.

s.

map

to

s.

and nw.

s. 111., se.

Mass., and

Mo.,

e.

Ark.,

137-E.

Nutt., tree lyonia.
to

R.I.,

Fla.

Coastal Plain of exAtlas vol. 4,

map

76.


.

Magnolia acuminata

82.

w. N.Y. to extreme

Mo.,

and

to se. Okla.

s.

mts. to Pa. Atlas vol.

nw.

to

e.

extreme

Ind.,

s.

s.

map

Atlas vol. 4,

N.C. to

e.

Local in nw.

Okaloosa Co.

to e. Tex.

Atlas vol.

pyramid magnolia.

Bartr..

Ga. w. to nw. Fla.,

e.

map

1,

Ala.,

c.

Magnolia virginiana

from Long
n. to

Ark. and

s.

and

N.J..

Is..

s.

sweetbay.

L.,

141-E.

Coastal

and

Miss., La.,

s.

map

Tex. Also local in S.C. (Richmond Co.). Atlas vol. 4,
86.

I

w. to

se. Pa., s. to s. Fla.,

Tex.,

and

vol. 1,

map

se.

Tenn. Also local in ne. Mass. Atlas

142-E.

Malus angustifolia

87.

Coastal Plain, chiefly, from

and w.

to

La. and

s.

Also local in

c.

Kans.. w. Okla.. and

c.

Ont..

n. to n. Ark.,

s.

and
Tex., and

Wis.,

vol. 4,

Minn.,

se.

to

e.

s.

map

82.
Vt. w. to ex-

s.

to Iowa. se. Nebr.,

s.

Atlas vol.

Fla.

s.

and w. Ky.

1,

maps

139-W, 139-E.

Myrica cerifera

89.

and

Coastal Plain from

southern bayberry.

L.,

and w. to s.
and n. to extreme se. Okla., c. Ark., and c. Miss. Also
in Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and P.R. and in Mex.
and C. Am. from Belize s. to Costa Rica. Atlas vol. 4, map 85.
s.

N.J., Del.,

and

s.

Md.,

to

s.

Fla. inch Fla. Keys,

Tex.,

c.

Myrica heterophylla

90.

Plain from

s.

and

Ark. and

n. to c.

map

Ala.,

to La.

86.

bayberry.

and

Miss.,

s.

Coastal

and w.

to n. Fla.,

s.

odorless

Bartr..

s.

Del.,

Atlas vol. 4,

n. Ala.

of sw. Ga., nw. Fla.,

evergreen bayberry.

Raf.,

and

N.J., se. Pa.,

Myrica inodora

91.

map

s.

se.

Coastal Plain

La.

Atlas vol. 4,

87.

Nyssa aquatica

92.

s. 111.,

93.

treme

water tupelo. Coastal Plain from

L.,

to n. Fla., w. to se. Tex.,

and

n. in

Miss. Valley to

map

w. Ky., and w. Tenn. Atlas vol.

1,

Nyssa ogeche

tupelo.

s.

S.C,

s.

Ga.,

Bartr.,

Ogeechee

and

and nw.

n.

Fla.

Ark.,

e.

se.

Va.

143-E.

Atlas vol.

1,

map

w. to N.Y., extreme
Okla. and

Tex.,

e.

Ont.,

s.

and

e.

to

extinct).

Local in mts. of

Atlas vol.

1,

Fla.

c.

c.

Mich.,

c.

and

e.

111.,

and

Mo.,

c.

s.

to

e.

96. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.)
P.E.I.

Is.,

,

and

se.

s.

Que., and Maine, w. to

Man.,

s.

to

e.

and Wyo.,

and

Also in mts. of Mex. (N.L. to Son.

to n. Fla.

to El

n. Nebr., e. Kans., e.

Salvador and Honduras. Atlas

vol. 1,

Okla. and

e.

Tex.,

and

s.

Ind.,

s.

(L.)

DC,

n. to e. Ga., se.

Okla.,

e.

Va. and

se.

Md.

La.,

Atlas vol. 4,

s.

Que., w. to

Ont.,

s.

Atlas

.

Sw. N.H.,

s.

Mich., n. Wis.,

c.

c.

Sask.,

Mex. and in e. from Okla. to
maps 119-NW, 119-SW; maps 95-NE, 95-SE.

and Mont.,

se. Sask.,

in mts. to N.

s.

Atlas vol. 3,

ne. Fla.

Prunus angustifolia Marsh., Chickasaw plum. Mo. w. to
Nebr., and extreme se. Colo., s. to extreme e. N. Mex.,
Tex., and La. Also naturalized e. to c. Fla. and n. to N.J., W. Va.,
105.

Kans.,

s.

s.

Ohio, and

Extremely naturalized and perhaps spread by

111.

The original native range
known but probably was c. Tex. and Okla.,

Indians in prehistoric times.

thus

not accurately

accord-

ing to Sargent (1926,

4,

570). Atlas vol.

p.

Prunus caroliniana

106.

map

(Mill.)

N.C. to

se.

map

map

120; vol. 4,

97.

Carolina laurelcherry.

Ait.,

Fla.

c.

3,

is

and w.

to

Tex. Atlas vol.

e.

98.

Prunus serotina Ehrh., black cherry.

107.

Maine, w. to

s.

Que.,

s.

and

Ont., n. Mich.,

and

e.

N.S.,

Minn.,

N.B.,
s.

and

to Iowa,

and e. to c. Fla. Also vars.
Tex. (Edwards Plateau) and mts. from Trans-Pecos Tex. w.
Ariz., s. in Mex. (Son. to Tamps., s. to Oax. and Chis.
to

extreme

Nebr.,

e.

Okla.,

e.

e.

Tex.,

|

and Revillagigedo

B. Cal. Sur

s.

Atlas vol.

Is.

1,

maps 155-N, 155-W, 155-E.
Prunus umbellata

108.
chiefly,

from

Atlas vol. 4,

s.

map

N.C.

s.

extreme

mts. to

s.

s.

flatwoods

plum.

Coastal

and

n. to

Plain,
s.

Ark.

105.

Ont.,

Colo,

Ell.,

to c. Fla., w. to e. Tex.,

109. Ptelea trifoliata L.,

to

and

common

Mich.,

c.
s.

Utah,

hoptree.

Wis.,

s.

to Ariz., Tex.,

Que., perhaps introduced.

and Oax.). Atlas

to Gro.

N.J.

Iowa,

s.

se.

and w. N.Y., w.
Kans.. and in

e.

and

s.

Fla.

Also Mex. (ne. Son.

vol. 3,

Also
e.

to

maps 128-N. 128-SW;

maps 106-N, 106-NE, 106-SE.

110. Quercus alba L., white oak.

to

nw.

Que., w. to

map

91.

extreme

e.

s.

s.

Ga.

se.

104. Prunus americana Marsh., American plum. Widespread
from N.H. and Vt. w. to N.Y., s. Ont., n. Mich., Minn., s. Man.,

s.

and

to N.Y.,

Nebr.,

e.

103. Populus heterophylla L., swamp cottonwood. Coastal Plain
from Conn., Long Is., and N.J., s. to extreme e. Ga., and from
nw. Fla. w. to e. La., and n. in Miss. Valley to se. Mo., w. Ky., s.
111., Ind., Ohio, and s. Mich. Atlas vol. 1, map 151-E.

Tamps.,

sourwood. Sw. Pa. to

Maine w.

Wis., Iowa, and extreme

and s. Alta., s. to Mont., e.
Wyo., e. Colo., extreme ne. N. Mex., and nw. and c. Tex., and
e. to nw. Fla. and Ga. Atlas vol. 1, maps 149-W, 149-E.

maps 146-N, 146-W,

to w. Ky., w. Tenn., Miss.,

s.

Minn., N. Dak., sw. Man.,

s.

,

111.,

Mich.,

c.

and extreme

local in

to Chis.)

s.

Coastal Plain from
and n. in Miss. Valley to se.
w. Ky., and w. Tenn. Atlas vol. 4,

to e. Tex.,

102. Populus deltoides Bartr., eastern Cottonwood.

vol. 4,

Oxydendrum arboreum

Ohio and
Fla.,

Kans.,

s.

s.

146-E.
97.

Ont.,

s.

Vt., N.Y.,

s.

N. Dak., Black

Hills of S. Dak.,
e.

e.

c.

K. Koch, eastern hophornbeam.

N.S., N.B.,

Ont., n. Mich., n. Minn.,

and w.

n. Fla.

Guatemala. Also

.

Atlas

Fla.

93.

and s. c. Tex., and e. to nw. Fla. and
Also in mts. of ne. Mex. (Coah., N.L., Tamps., and S.L.P.)
vol. 1, maps 147-W, 147-E, 147-N.
to

c.

Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook, f., devilwood.
Coastal Plain from se. Va. and e. N.C. to c. Fla., and w. to se. La.
Also Mex. (N.L., Tamps., Ver., Oax.) Atlas vol. 4, map 90.

in Coastal Plain

and nw.

n.

101. Platanus occidentalis L., sycamore. Sw.

to

95.

and

S.C. (Beaufort Co.), Ga.,

94.

extreme

in

maps 144-N, 144-E.

Cape Breton

map

Wis. (perhaps

se.

map

N.C. to

Mex. (Hgo., Pue., and Chis.).

Also extreme

s.

s.

Okla., Ark., se. Mo.,

145-E.

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., black tupelo: blackgum. Sw. Maine

94.

.

.

Coastal Plain from

Coastal Plain in ex-

Fla. inch Fla. Keys,

s.

100. Planera aquatica Gmel., planertree.
se.

Mo.,

se.

to

s.

Pinckneya pubens Michx., pinckneya. Rare

99.

apple.

to n. Fla.,

s.

111.,

Mass. and

red mulberry.

L.,

Mich.,

s.

and

Ohio and W. Va. Atlas

Morus rubra

88.

treme
c.

s.

and Md.,

N.J., Del.,

s.

Tex.,

se.

crab

southern

Michx.,

(Ait.)

Va.,

se.

e.

of extreme

80.

Coastal Plain, chiefly,

Coastal Plain from

Spreng., redbay.

)

and w.
and s. Tex., also sw. Ark. (Miller Co., apparently
Also Bahamas (Grand Bahamas Is.) Atlas vol. 4, map 92.

and

to La.

extinct)

to

Md., and

Del., se.

southern magnolia. Coastal Plain

L.,

and w.

Fla.

c.

from

Plain, chiefly,
se.

n. in

98. Persea borbonia (L.
s.

vol. 4,

Magnolia pvramidata

85.

and

s.

77.

Magnolia grandiflora

84.

from

and

140-E.

from Leon and Wakulla Cos. w.

(8 cos.

111.,

Fla., c. Ga.,

Magnolia ashei Weatherby. Ashe magnolia.

83.
Fla.

map

1,

and

La.,

Mts. mostly, from

cucumbertree.

L.,

Ont.. Ohio,

s.

e.

s.

Ont.,

Nebr.,

c.

e.

Sw. Maine and extreme

Mich., n. Wis., and

Okla.,

and

e.

Tex.,

se.

and

e.

s.

to

w. Iowa,

to n. Fla.

and Ga.

Minn.,

s.


Also extinct in

Nebr. Atlas

se.

map

vol. 1,

111. Quercus arkansana Sarg., Arkansas oak.

Ga. nw. Fla., Ala.,

chiefly, in sw.

map

4,

Coastal Plain,

and sw. Ark. Atlas

se. La.,

Coastal Plain
112. Quercus chapmanii Sarg., Chapman oak.
nw.
Fla.
and s. Ala.
and
and
Ga.
to
s.
se.
extreme
s.
S.C.
from

map

chiefly,

Okla.,

s.

durandii Buckl., Durand oak.

map

and w.

n. Fla.

to

and

s.

and Md., w.
Tex.,

and

e.

W.

to

Va.,

Ohio,

s.

s.

Atlas vol.

to n. Fla.

Long

Va. to

and w.

Fla.

c.

and

to La.

and

e.

map

Okla. and sw. Ark. Atlas vol. 4,

and w.

Fla.

c.

Va. to

Tenn. Atlas

map

vol. 1,

Tex.,

se.

and

Del.

Md.

e.

Atlas vol.

and

and nw.

to

s.

Md.,

se. Pa.,

and Ga. Also

local in

s.

s.

Ark. and

Tex.,

e.

and

Plain from N.J. and extreme

Ind.

and

e.

Ky. and

locally to se.

Ohio,

s.

and

c.

s.

Ind.,

s.

se.

Miss.

n. in

S.C. to

Fla.

s.

map

to

s.

and w.

to

treme

se.

Pa.

s.

to

Tex.,

e.

and w. and

and

to Ga.

and

map

to

s.

Nebr.,

vol.

Tex.,

e.

s.

s.

Ont.,

s.

Mich.,

Okla. and

e.

Kans., w. Okla., and

e.

mostly from N.C. to
e.

maps 117-N, 117-SE.

all

Rhus glabra

smooth sumac. Very widely distributed in
at only 2 localities in Nev. and

L.,

48 contiguous States (though

Maine w.

C.

and

e.

e.

extreme

to

Sask.,

s.

Tex.,
s.

and s. N. Mex. Also local in n.
Mex. (Son., Chih., and Tamps.). Atlas vol. 3, maps 155-NW,
155-SW; vol. 4, maps 121-NE, 121-SE.
B.C. and w. Wash.,

s.

to se. Ariz,

minor (Jacq.)
s.

Fla.,

e.

and

Okla. and

s.

Ark. Atlas vol 4,

map

s.

se.

to

se.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys,

s.

Atlas vol.

.

and w.

to

e.

111.,

map

1,

and n. in Miss.
w. and s. Ky., and e.

c.

Tex.,

W.

Vt.

Minn., and Iowa,

e.

to

nw.

Fla.,

Also local in mts. of

n. to

s.

and w.

s.

111.,

Mich.,

s.

Shumard
to

c.

oak.

and
s.

Mo. and extreme

Tex.,

e.

Lodd., cabbage palmetto. Coastal
s.

Andrews Bay

in

and w.

to

nw. Fla.

(St.

188-E.

to

Nebr.,

se.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys,

s.

map

vol. 4,

s.

to

and

e.

Kans.,

to

and

c.

Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

to

extreme

se.

Ind., c.

111.,

se.

Iowa, and

n.

137.

Breton

Atlas

Coastal Plain

Se. Mass., R.I.,

Is.),
n.

w. to

Mo.,

s.

se.

to

Pa.,
e.

c.

Va.

126.

map

s.

Que., extreme

s.

W.

Kans.,

Ga. to nw.

s.

130.

Ont.,

s.

c.

Mich.,

and

Wis.,

n.

Maine, w.

c.

se.

Minn, and

s. to c. Nebr., w. Okla., nw. and s. Tex., and e. to nw. Fla.
and Ga. Var. from Trans-Pecos Tex. w. to s. N. Mex., Ariz., s.
Utah, s. Nev., and s. to n. Calif. Local in n. Mex. (extreme ne. B.
Cal., Son., and Sin., e. to Dgo. and Tamps.). Atlas vol. 1, maps
190-N, 190- W, 190-E; vol. 3, maps 177-N, 177-NW, 177-SW.

N.

and s. Ohio, Ky., and
and Md. Atlas vol. 1, maps

N.Y. (inch Long

and

in Coastal Plain to se.

Iowa,

se.

Tex., n. in Miss. Valley

126. Quercus stellata Wangenh., post oak.

Conn., and extreme

Pa. w.

S.

Okla.,

s.

135. Salix floridana Chapm., Florida willow. Rare,

and

Ind., w.

Pa.,

n. to ex-

125.

134. Salix caroliniana Michx., Coastal Plain willow.

Valley to

Tex.,

se.

and

Tex.,

c.

N.C. (Cape Hatteras and Cape Fear)

map

1,

to n.

Also Cuba. Atlas

Atlas vol.

dwarf palmetto. Coastal Plain

Pers.,

to

N.C.

ne.

Plain near coast from

n.

Sambucus canadensis
Is.), P.E.I., N.B.,

Minn., and

se.

Man.,

s.

L.,

American

Ont,

s.

(Cape

N.S.

elder.

Que., Maine, w. to

s.

Mich.,

n.

in

and nw., c, and s.
West Indies, including

4,

maps 136-NE, 136-SE,

to e. N.D., w. Kans.,

and e. to s. Fla. Also introduced
P.R. and V.I. and in C. Am. Atlas vol.
136-N.

138. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, sassafras.
to N.Y.,

Mo.,

s.

c.

N.J.

s.

181-W, 181-E.

Ohio,

Que.,

s.

nw. and

to

s.

nw. Fla. Also scattered and mostly in mts. in w. from

to

e.

N. Dak., Man., and

Tex.,

n. Fla.

Kans., Mo.,

Tenn. Also local

c.

e.

Mex.

ne.

Rhus copallina L., shining sumac. Sw. Maine w. to N.Y.,
c. Mich., and c. Wis., s. to se. Iowa, extreme se. Nebr., e.
Kans., c. Okla., and c. Tex., e. to s. Fla. (except Fla. Keys). Also
w. Cuba. Atlas vol. 4, maps 120-NE, 120-SE.

174-E.

maps 173-W, 173-E.

Okla.,

Ex-

and

c.

and sw. Va. Also

n. to c. S.C.

Atlas vol. 4,

.

to

s.

111., s.

Coastal Plain from N.J.

Wis., extreme

s.

125. Quercus shumardii Buckl.,

10

and

Mo.,

c.

buckthorn.

Carolina

Walt.,

and

Ont.,

Bay Co.)
s.

Mex., Trans- Pecos Tex., and ne. Mex. (N.L. and Tamps.).

Va.,

111.

s.

133. Sabal palmetto (Walt.)

l,map 178-E.

mostly in mts. to Pa. and w. Conn.

c.

to

s.

115.

124. Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm., chinkapin oak.

to

Coastal Plain near

oak.

Fla. incl. Fla.

s.

130.

s.

from

Coastal

to

n. in Miss.

Tenn.

s.

w. to

n. Fla.,

Okla., Ark., se. Mo.,

se.

Tenn. Atlas

vol. 1,

Ga. and

136. Salix nigra Marsh., black willow. S. N.B.

Valley to

se.

s.

nw.

to

e.

Coastal Plain from

123. Quercus phellos L., willow oak.

N.Y.

s.

caroliniana

Ohio w.

Tex., e. to c. Fla.,

175-E.

and

to

s.

Rhamnus

treme

map

vol. 1,

Miss. Atlas vol. 4,

s.

and w.

Fla.

s.

Okla., Ark., se. Mo.,

se.

Fla.,

.

171-E.

and w.

to n. Fla.

and

111.,

chestnut oak.

Tenn. Atlas

e.

c.

Okla., Ark., se. Mo.,

se.

122. Quercus nigra L., water oak.

and Del.

nw.

to

e.

Is.

121. Quercus myrtifolia Willd., myrtle oak. Coastal Plain from
s.

and

Tex.,

e.

183-E.

Keys ,and w. to
and c. Tex. Also local in sw. Okla. and mts. of ne. Mex. (Coah.,
N.L., and Tamps.) Atlas vol. 1, maps 184-N, 184- W, 184-E.
Va.

se.

132. Sabal

Long

Tex., and

vol. 1,

swamp

Pa.

Valley to extreme

n. in Miss.

and

Okla.,

c.

map

collected only once in Calif.).

and w. Ky.

sw. Ind.,

Sw. Me. w. to N.Y.,

Minn., and Iowa, w. to ex-

se.

s.

Coastal Plain from

111.,

Mich. Atlas

s.

120. Quercus michauxii Nutt,

and

Kans.,

Wis.,

c.

s.

131.

Coastal Plain from

n. locally to

w. to

Fla.,

Kans., w. Okla., and

e.

se.

maps

1,

169-E.

(N.Y.) and N.J. w. to

Iowa,

c.

e.

Atlas vol. 1,

from

coast

114.

119. Quercus marilandica Muenchh., blackjack oak.

Fla.

and Ga.

Ont.,

Ont., n. Minn.,

Okla., se. Mo.,

se.

n. to se.

168-E.

to Ga.

map

1,

Nebr.,

e.

Mich.,

(Tamps, and N.L.)

Coastal Plain from

118. Quercus lyrata Walt., overcup oak.

Valley to extreme

and

Tex.,

c.

map

to se. La. Atlas vol. 4,

w. to

Fla.,

s.

e.

165-E.

Coastal Plain from

117. Quercus laurifolia Michx., laurel oak.

se.

(N.Y.),

Is.

113.

116. Quercus laevis Walt., turkey oak.

Va. to

n. to

Mo., and

s.

111.,

map

1,

115. Quercus incana Bartr., bluejack oak.
se.

s.

treme

129.

N.J., se. Pa.,
e.

extreme

109.

Okla.,

to

and

Tex.,

c.

Plain,

Also ne. Mex. (Coah. and Tamps.).

n. Ala.

114. Quercus falcata Michx., southern red oak.

s.

Coastal

Tex. Atlas vol.

c.

128. Quercus virginiana Mill., live

from N.C. to
s. Ark., and

Atlas vol. 4,

to

e.

127. Quercus velutina Lam., black oak.

108.

113. Quercus

and

Tex.,

c.

182-W, 182-E.

vol.

107.

Atlas vol. 4,

and nw. and

w. Okla.,

157-E.

s.

extreme

to

Atlas vol.

s.

extreme
1,

map

Ont.,
se.

c.

Mich., n.

Kans.,

e.

Okla.,

111.,

and

extreme
e.

Tex.,

Sw. Maine w.

se.

Iowa, and

and

e.

to

c.

c.

Fla.

191-E.

139. Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small, saw-palmetto. Coastal Plain

from extreme

s.

S.C.

s.

to

s.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys,

and w.

to

s.

Miss.


)

and

map

La. Atlas vol. 4,

se.

American bladdernut. N.H., Vt., and
and se. Minn., s. to
to Ark., mv. Fla.. and Ga. Atlas vol. 4,

140. Staphylea trifolia L..

extreme

Que., w. to

s.

Nebr. and

e.

and

Okla.,

e.

Ont., Mich., n. Wis.,

s.

e.

malacodendron

from

Plain, chiefly,

and

map

4,

from

extreme

to

map

vol. 4,

Va. to

se.

c. Fla.,

Okla., se. Mo.,

se.

and

American snowbell. Coastal

and w.

to e. Tex., n. in Miss. Valley

s.

sw. Ind.,

111.,

and w. Ky. Atlas

Va. and N.C. to

se.

map

and w. to w. La.,
Ohio (Athens Co.).

s.

tinctoria

Coastal Plain, chiefly, from

Md., and

Del., se.

s.

common

L'Her.,

(L.)

Fla.,

c.

Ark. Atlas vol. 4,

map

Va. to

se.

extreme

to e. Tex., n. in Miss. Valley to

c.

sweetleaf.

se.

and

n.

Okla. and

and Piedmont from N.C. to
se.

Okla. and

c.

Ark. Atlas

w. to

c. Fla.,

vol. 4,

map

and

e.

and Ga., and

n.

extreme

Ind..

s.

Miss., Ala., sw. Fla.,

and w. N.Y. Atlas

and

e.

111.,

s.

vol. 1,

map

Tex.,

c.

and

n. to

Sw. Pa. w. to

and s. Mo.,
to Md. Also

local ne. to

e.

194-E.

s.

Ind.,

e.

to

s.

extreme

to

Mont., extreme ne. Wyo., w. Nebr., w. Kans.,

e.

and nw., c, and

maps 196-N,

Tenn.,

and

Tex.,

se.

e.

Atlas vol.

to c. Fla.

1,

196- W, 196-E.

and

Ark.,

s.

and Tamps.), and
Atlas vol.

1,

c.

and

Dak.,

extreme

Que.,

s.

S. Dak.,

c.

Ga. Atlas vol.

s.

slippery elm.

Ont., n. Mich.,

Nebr., w. Okla., and

maps

1,

c.

sc.

s.

Ind.,

Tex.,

s.

and

local in n. Fla.

c.

Tex.,

and

to

e.

s.

to

nw. Fla. and

111.,

e.

to

and extreme
c.

se.

tree sparkleberry.

Kans.,

Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

map

s.

to

e.

Va. w.

Okla. and

e.

154.

Viburnum nudum L., possumhaw viburnum. Coastal Plain,
from s. Conn., Long Is., N.J., and sw. Pa., to c. Fla., w.

Tex., and n. to c. Ark. and w. Tenn. Atlas vol. 4, map 156.

154.

Viburnum obovatum

Plain from
155.

Ky.,

and

s.

e.

e.

S.C. to

c.

Tex.,

s.

and

Ind., c.

e.

Walt.,

and nw.

Viburnum rufidulum
Ohio,

Coastal

n. to se. Okla.

map

63.

nw.

and w.

Fla.,

W. N.C, S.C, and

e.

s.

Nebr.,

Ont., w. to
Okla.,

c.

and

to La., sw. Ark.,

s.

and

c.

Tex.,

Wis.,

e.

Minn., and

c.

se.

to Ark., Miss., Ga.,

Atlas vol. 4,

n. to N.J.

s.

Tex.

Jacq., eastern burningbush.

Mich.,
c.

e.

C
N.

and

maps 49-NE,

49-SE.

Magnolia

Ohio and

s.

Fla.

s.

tripetala L., umbrella magnolia. S. Pa. w. to

Ind. (Crawford Co.),

to c. Tenn., se. Miss.,

s.

nw.

(Okaloosa Co.), and Ga. Also local in Ozark Plateau of Ark.
Okla. (LeFlore Co.

se.

Se. Va.

Atlas vol. 4,

.

)

s.

to c. Fla., w. to

Tex.,

e.

158.6 Cornus stricta Lam.,

se.

map

81.

Mo.,

c. 111., s.

c.

and

Fla.

Ind.,

and

n. to

extreme

swamp dogwood.

s.

Ark.

Chiefly in Coastal

Tex., n. in Miss. Valley to

e.

and Ky. Atlas

vol. 4,

map

se.

Okla.,

42.

159. Acacia choriophylla Benth., cinnecord.

Very rare on

n.

Key Largo in Upper Fla. Keys, not on Fla. mainland (Alexander
1968) One tree found in 1967 may have been destroyed by a fire
in 1975. Another was located in 1977. Bahamas and Cuba.
.

160. Acacia

macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., long-spine

Very rare on Ramrod Key (near Big Pine Key)

Fla. Keys, not

found

on Fla. mainland (Ward 1967).

in 1963. apparently native.

in

Lower

Fifteen plants

Also introduced in

s.

Fla.

and

From Bahamas through West Indies including P.R. and
V.I. Also n. S. Am. from Colombia and Venezuela to Ecuador
and Peru. (A related sp. possibly not distinct, n. in C Am.
escaping.

Mex.
161. Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.
s.

Fla. (Dade,

I

H. Wendl..

Monroe, and Collier Cos.).

Bahamas, Cuba, and Atlantic Coast of Honduras and Nicaragua.

Mexican alvaradoa. Local
in several hammocks of s. Fla. s. Dade Co. )
Reported from Key
Largo. Cuba, Bahamas, and from n. Mex. (Son., Chih., and s.)
162. Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebm.,

s.

198- W, 198-E.

153.

e.

and

M. A. Curt., sarvis holly. Rare and local
N.C, S.C, Ga., nw. Fla., Ala., Miss., and se.

(

N. Dak.,

se.

chiefly,

to

to

s.

Fla.

Walter viburnum.
Atlas vol. 4,

map

Raf., rusty blackhaw.

Mo., and

e.

Kans.,

to n. Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

map

s.

to

160.

c.

Coastal

157.

Amphitecna

latifolia (Mill.)

A. H. Gentry, black-calaba-h.

Very rare in s. Fla. (Biscayne Bay inch Brickell Hammock. Dade
Co.). Widespread in tropical Am. in West Indies incl. P.R. and
V.I., and from s. Mex. s. to Ecuador and Venezuela.
164.

son

Amyris balsamijera

Hammock, Dade

L.,

Co.),

balsam torchwood.

apparently

rare

Jamaica, Hispaniola, P.R. Honduras, and nw.

S.

S. Fla. (Matte-

and

local.

Am.

in

Cuba,

Colombia.

Venezuela, and Ecuador.

Amyris elemifera L., torchwood. S. and e. Fla. from Lower
Keys n. along Atlantic Coast to Volusia Co. also Nassau
Co.). From Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.
C Am. in Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador.
165.

Se. Va. w. to

Okla. and

.

to Costa Rica.

163.

and

165.

paurotis-palm. Local in

Sw. Maine w. to N.Y.,

Minn., and

arboreum Marsh.,

152. Vaccinium
to Ky.,

map

nw. Fla. (Gadsden Co.). and

Tex. and extreme ne. Mex. (N.L.

and w. Miss. Also

to La.

e.

s.

4,

Hercules-club.

L.,

to e. Tex.,

197-E.

Ulmus rubra Muhl.,

151.

e.

map

to

and w.

Extreme sw. Tenn.,

crassifolia Nutt., cedar elm.

Okla.,

s.

Fla.

Euonymus atropurpureus

158.3

to

Ulmus

150.

to

s.

acacia.

Ulmus americana L., American elm. Cape Breton Is., N.S.,
and s. Que. (Gaspe), w. to c. Ont., s. Man., and se.

w. Okla.,

Ark. Atlas vol.

c.

s.

158.2 Ilex longipes Chapm., Georgia holly.

c.

P.E.I., N.B.,

Sask.,

clava-herculis

Va. to

in Coastal Plain in

Pa.

111.,

149.

Coastal dunes and

Ga. and extreme ne. Fla. Atlas vol. 4,

se.

s.

148.

Fla.

e.

Plain from Va. to

Ubnus alata Michx., winged elm. S. Va. w. to Ky.,
and s. Mo., s. to c. Okla. and c. and se. Tex., and
Also local in Md. Atlas vol. 1, map 195-E.

Ala. Atlas vol.

158.5 Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal, smallflower pawpaw.

to n. Ark., ne.

s.

s.

158.1 Ilex amelanchier

and

153.

147. Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze, poison-sumac.
S.
Maine w. to extreme s. Que., N.Y., s. Ont., c. Mich., c. Wis., and
se. Minn., se. to 111., se. Tenn., e. Tex., and c. Fla. Atlas vol. 4,
maps 152-NE, 152-SE.

s.

Zanthoxylum

158.4.

146. Tilia heterophylla Vent., white basswood.

Ohio,

and

151.

145. Tilia caroliniana Mill., Carolina basswood. Coastal Plain

to

162.

158.

N.Y. and extreme

149.

Symplocos

and w.

map

Coastal Plain,

n. Fla.

Keys and w.

157. Yucca gloriosa L., moundlily yucca.

La. Atlas vol. 4,

w. Ark. and w. Tenn., also local in

Atlas vol. 4,
144.

Plain,

148.

from extreme

n. to

Fla. inch Fla.

161.

Plain from

143. Styrax grandifolia Ait., bigleaf snowbell.
chiefly,

s.

mounds

Coastal dunes and

aloijolia L., aloe yucca.

N.C. to

se.

map

4,

Tex.,

se.

146.

142. Styrax americana Lam..
chiefly,

Coastal

Virginia stewartia.

L..

N.C., sw. to nw. Fla., La.,

Va. and

e.

Ark. Atlas vol.

s.

from

beaches from ne. N.C. to

maps 143-NE, 143-SE.
141. Stewartia

Yucca

156.

137.

c.

Fla.

i

11


166.

Annona glabra

pond-apple.

L.,

Fla.

S.

Fla.

incl.

180. Chrysobalanus icaco L., cocoplum.

Keys.

mostly along

S. Fla.

Widely distributed in tropical Am. from Bahamas through West
S. Mex. s. along Atlantic Coast to
Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.
Brazil, and s. along Pacific Coast to Ecuador incl. Galapagos Is.

Cape Canaveral) incl. Fla. Keys. From
Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also from Mex.
to Panama and s. on Atlantic Coast from Colombia to s. Brazil.

Also coast of w. Africa.

Also coasts of w. Africa.

& Deppe, marlberry. S. Fla.
and Flagler Cos. and on
Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and from

coasts (n. on

Keys,

on

n.

coast to Volusia

e.

w. coast to Pinellas Co.

Mex. (Tamps, and S.L.P.)

ne.

s.

and islands of n. to s. Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n. locally
to St. Johns Co. on e. coast and to s. Miss., s. La., and s. Tex. Also
widely distributed on coasts of tropical Am. from Bermuda and
Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. From n. Mex.
(Tamps., Son., and B. Cal. Norte) s. on Atlantic Coast to Brazil
and on Pacific Coast to Ecuador incl. Galapagos Is. and nw. Peru.
of coasts

related sp.

on coasts of w. Africa. Atlas

s.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n.

Bahamas through West
to

on

e.

coast to

Cape Canaveral. From

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

Also Venezuela

Surinam.

183. Clusia rosea Jacq., Florida clusia. Very rare and local on
Lower Fla. Keys (Little Torch and Sugarloaf, and possibly extinct
on Big Pine key) not on s. Fla. mainland. From Bahamas through
West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also from s. Mex. (Chis.) to
,

Colombia, Venezuela, and French Guiana.
184. Coccoloba diversijolia Jacq., pigeon-plum.

169. Bourreria

and

s.

Bahama strongbark. Fla. Keys
Monroe Co.). Bahamas, Cuba, and

ovata Miers,

mainland

Fla.

(s.

Mex. and

S.

Belize to Nicaragua.

182. Citharexylum fruticosum L., Florida fiddlewood. Local in

168. Avicennia germinans (L.) L., black-mangrove. Silt shores

The same or a very closely
vol. 4, maps 17-N, 17-SE.

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Also Bahamas and Greater Antilles to P.R.

Keys.

Guatemala.

to

coast to

181. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., satinleaf.

167. Ardisia escallonioides Schiede
incl. Fla.

e.

near coasts,

incl. Fla.

Keys, n. on

Bahamas through West

e.

coast to

Indies incl. P.R.

and

S. Fla.

mostly

Cape Canaveral. From

St.

Croix.

Hispaniola.
185. Coccoloba uvifera (L.)

Rare

170. Bourreria radula (Poir.) G. Don, rough strongbark.

Key West and adjacent Lower Florida Keys, not on

at

land. Also

e.

Fla.

main-

Fla. incl. Fla.

Keys and

Coasts of

s.

to

Sarg.,
Fla.

c.

S. Fla. incl.

From Bahamas through West

Also from

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

gumbo-limbo.
(Tamps,

n.

to Sin.)

s.

to

174. Calyptranthes pattens Griseb., pale lidflower.

Keys (Dade and Monroe Cos., also

Bahamas, Greater Antilles incl. P.R. and

Fla.

S. Fla. incl.

Hendry Co.).
Cayman Is., and

local in
V.I.,

Guadeloupe. Also vars. in Mex. and Guatemala.
175. Calyptranthes zuzygium

on Key Largo and

(L.)
s.

Sw., myrtle-of-the-river.

Dade Co.

Fla.

Also

176. Canella winterana (L.

)

Gaertn., canella.
.

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

From Bahamas through

177. Capparis cynophallophora L., Jamaica caper.
s.

s.

Mex. (Yuc. to Oax.

178. Capparis flexuosa (L.) L., limber caper.
(n.

on

e.

coast to

Cape Canaveral)

through West Indies
Brazil, Argentina,

incl.

incl. Fla.

P.R. and V.I.

Mex.

to

Keys.

s.)

to

Indies

s.

Fla.

From Bahamas

Also from

n.

Mex.

Fla.

cubensis

hammocks

in Everglades

of

rare on Fla. Keys (Big Pine, and

key tree-cactus.

to

Very

Lower and Upper Matecumbe

Keys; extinct on Key West and Key Largo), not on
land. Also Cuba.

s.

Fla.

S.

s.

(Jacq.)
Fla.

(s.

National Park).

Brongn.,

Dade

Co.,

in

Cuba
incl.

Barbados.

colubrina.

Long Pine

Also Bahamas, Cuba, and

Hispaniola.
189. Colubrina elliptica (Sw.) Briz. & Stern, soldierwood.
Upper Fla. Keys (Key Largo and Upper Matecumbe Key; absent

from Fla. mainland). From Bahamas through West Indies incl.
P.R. and V.I. Also s. Mex. (Ver. and Yuc.) and Guatemala.
190. Conocarpus erectus L., button-mangrove.

Shores of

c.

and

Marquesas Key and Dry Tortugas.
widely
Also
distributed on coasts of tropical Am. from Bermuda
and Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. From n.

s.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, w. to

Mex. (Tamps., Sin., and B. Cal. Sur) s. on Atlantic Coast to
Brazil and on Pacific Coast to Ecuador incl. Galapagos Is. Also on

191. Cordia sebestena L., Geiger-tree. S. Fla. incl. Fla. Keys (s.
Dade and s. Monroe Cos.), apparently introduced and naturalized.
From Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also from
s.

Mex. (Yuc.)

to

Colombia and Venezuela, the range extended

through cultivation.

rhacoma Crantz, Florida crossopetalum. S.
Keys and pinelands of Dade Co., and local in w.
Collier Co. From Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and
V.I. Apparently extinct in Bermuda. Also s. Mex., Colombia,
and Venezuela.
192. Crossopetalum

L. Benson,

Sarg., coffee colubrina.

coasts of w. Africa.

Panama.

Coasts of

Key

Keys w.

c.

and Peru.

179. Cereus robinii (Lem.)

12

Coasts of

From Bahamas through West

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys.

P.R. and V.I. Also from

s.

incl. Fla.

Keys (Dade and Monroe
incl. P.R. and V.I., to Antigua and
Mex., Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

incl.

Local in

S.

Also Bahamas and

P.R.

Keys (Dade, Monroe, and s. Collier Cos.)
West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

incl.

s.

Cos.). Also Bahamas,

188. Colubrina

173. Byrsonima lucida DC, key byrsonima. S. Fla. incl. Fla.
Keys (Dade and Monroe Cos.). Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, P.R.
and V.I., and Lesser Antilles.

and

on e. coast to se. Palm Beach Co. and
Marquesas Key. Also Bahamas and Cuba.

Greater Antilles

Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana.

incl.

Atlantic Coast from n.

187. Colubrina arborescens (Mill.)

near coasts to

Greater Antilles

and

186. Coccothrinax argenlata (Jacq.) Bailey, Florida silverpalm.

to Chis.

172. Bursera simaruba (L.)

Fla., local

P.R. and V.I.

S. Fla. n.

maps 23-N, 23-SW.

Fla. Keys, n.

incl.

c.

and

c.

Tex. Bahamas and Cuba. Also Mexico

s.

and Yuc, and Sin.), Guatemala,
El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. Atlas vol. 3,
(Tamps, and N.L.

West Indies

seagrape. Shores of

Colombia, Venezuela, and Guianas. Introduced in Hawaii.

171. Bumelia celastrina H.B.K., saffron-plum.
s.

s.

to Hispaniola.

L.,

Also Bermuda and from Bahamas through

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys.

main-

Fla., incl. Fla.


.

Cupania glabra Sw., Florida cupania. Very rare and local
Lower Fla. Keys Big Pine, Johnson, and perhaps extinct on
Summerland), not on s. Fla. mainland. Also Cuba and Jamaica
193.

in

Costa Rica.
208. Guapira discolor (Spreng.) Little, blolly.

I

and from

Mex. (Ver.

c.

to Sin.)

194. Dipholis salicifolia

s.

to Costa Rica.

A.

(L.)

DC,

incl. Fla.

Keys,

n.

on

Bahamas, and Greater Antilles

willow bustic.

S.

Fla.

Martin, Hendry, and Collier Cos.).

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys., n. to

From Bahamas through West

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also from

Greater Antilles

s.

Keys

Mex. (Yuc.

to Ver.

and Oax.)

s.

to Belize

and Guatemala.

Sin., Nay.,

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., hopbush. Local in s. Fla.
Keys and along coasts n. to c. Fla. A shrubby var. in c.
Fla.
incl.
Also in Hawaii. Widespread incl. several vars. through
Ariz.
and s.
tropics of both hemispheres. Bermuda and from Bahamas through
West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. From n. Mex. (B. Cal. Norte and

Son. to Tamps.) s. to S. Am. Atlas vol. 3, maps 66-N, 66-SW.
195.

Krug & Urban, milkbark. Through

196. Drypetes diversifolia

Keys but absent from

Fla.

(Sw.)

197. Drypetes lateriflora

Rare and

local in

Belize,

Krug & Urban, Guiana-plum.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n.

s.

From Bahamas through

Co.

mainland. Also Bahamas.

Fla.

s.

on

coast to Brevard

e.

Greater Antilles to P.R. Also

198. Eugenia axillaris (Sw.)

Willd., white stopper.

Also var. from

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

Dade Co.)

and

C.

s.

se.

Mex. (Q. Roo) and

incl.

Local in

redberry stopper.

s.

Fla.

northernmost Upper Fla. Keys, Bahamas,

Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Trini-

P.R.,

incl.

dad (?).
on

n.

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Cape Canaveral. Also Bahamas and Greater
P.R. and V.I. Recorded from s. Mex. and Guatemala.

e.

Antilles incl.

coast to

rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urban, red stopper.
Key West and in Upper Fla.
Keys, apparently absent from s. Fla. mainland. From Bahamas
through Greater Antilles incl. P.R. and V.I. and Lesser Antilles
201. Eugenia

Guadeloupe.

Fla.

from

s.

on several

Fla. Keys,

Roem. &

Schult.,

P.R. and V.I. Also from

c.

Mex. (S.L.P.

to Col.)

s.

on

e.

Antilles incl. P.R.,

Mex. (S.L.P.

coast to Volusia Co.

Also

to St. Vincent.

and Guatemala.

204. Ficus aurea Nutt., Florida strangler

Keys.

S. Fla. incl.

Also Bahamas, Greater

and few of Lesser Antilles

to Chis.)

Indies incl.

to Costa Rica.

203. Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk., inkwood.
Fla. Keys, n.

princewood.

both Lower and Upper, but absent

From Bahamas through West

mainland.

Fla.

incl. Fla.

n. to

(Venezuela).

Gyminda

(Sw.) Urban, falsebox. Very rare in s.
Keys (recorded from 11 keys from Key West
e. to Grassy Key), and absent from s. Fla. mainland.
From Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also ne. Mex.
(Tamps, and Ver.)
211.

Fla. in

212.

Lower

latifolia

Fla.

Gymnanthes lucida Sw., oysterwood.

Fla.

S.

Grand Cayman, Greater

Antilles incl. P.R.

V.I.,

Antilles to Guadeloupe.

Also

Belize,

and
Mex. (Yuc),

se.

Fla.

incl.

Bahamas,

and n. Lesser
and Guate-

mala.

Keys. Widespread through tropical

through West Indies
Ver., Oax.,

s.)

Fla. incl. Fla.

P.R. and V.I. Also from Mex. (Tamps..

incl.

and Yuc.

s.

Am. Bermuda, from Bahamas

s.

and

to Brazil, Argentina,

Chile.

Hippomane mancinella L., manchineel. S. Fla. incl. Fla.
Keys and shores of s. Dade and s. Monroe Cos. From Bahamas
through West Indies

Yuc, and Oax.)

fig.

Also Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica,

C

and

s.

Is.,

Fla.

and

P.R. and V.I. Also from

incl.

on Atlantic Coast
Is.

and

to

s.

Mex.

(Ver.,

Venezuela and on Pacific

to

Ecuador

Galapagos

incl.

Is.

215. Hypelate trijoliata Sw., hypelate. Very rare and local in
Fla., incl.

to

Long Pine Key

(s.

Dade Co.) and

Fla.

,

Bahamas, Cayman
San Martin, and Anguilla.

Big Pine Key).

Greater Antilles

Is..

s.

Keys (Key Largo
incl.

216. Ilex krugiana Loes., tawnyberry holly. Local in S. Fla.

(Dade Co.) apparently not on

Fla.

,

Keys. Bahamas and Hispaniola.

217. Jacquinia keyensis Mez, joewood.

s.

Keys
Dade

Co. and on w. coast to islands of Lee and Charlotte Cos.

Ba-

Key and Dry Tortugas,

w. to Marquesas

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

on mainland

n.

to

hamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola.
218. Krugiodendron jerreum (Vahl) Urban, leadwood.

S. Fla.

Cape Canaveral. From Bahamas
through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also Mex. (Tamps, and
S.L.P. to Yuc) Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras.
incl. Fla.

Cayman

s.

Coast to Revillagigedo

P.R.,

202. Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.)
S.

S. Fla.

Broward Co. From Bahamas through West
P.R. and V.I. to Trinidad and Tobago and Marga-

Keys,

Indies incl.
rita

Local in Lower Fla. Keys near

to

Guate-

Is.) to Belize,

214.

200. Eugenia foetida Pers., boxleaf stopper.

Keys,

and Revillagigedo

213. Hamelia patens Jacq., scarletbush. C. and

DC,

199. Eugenia confusa
(s.

Is.,

210. Guettarda scabra (L.) Vent., roughleaf velvetseed.
incl. Fla.

Belize to Nicaragua.

Greater Antilles

incl.

Tres Marias

Keys, local in Dade Co. (extinct in Palm Beach Co.).

Bermuda and from Bahamas through West

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys.

s.

Broward Co. Bahamas, Grand Cayman,
P.R., and St. Thomas. Also s. Mex. (Yuc,

mala. Panama, Venezuela, and Guyana.

Mex.,

s.

Guatemala, and El Salvador.

Fla.

s.

209. Guettarda elliptica Sw., elliptic-leaf velvetseed. Local in

(n. locally to

Fla.

incl.

Coasts of

Cape Canaveral. Also Bermuda,
incl. P.R., and Grand Cayman Is.

coast to

e.

Keys,

n.

on

e.

coast to

,

Hispaniola.
219. Laguncularia racemosa
205. Ficus citrijolia Mill., shortleaf
n. locally to

Palm Beach and

Greater Antilles

incl.

fig.

Collier Cos.

P.R. and V.I.

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Keys,

From Bahamas through

Also from Mex. to Guianas

and Paraguay.

Keys (n.
muda, Bahamas, and Cuba.

to

Broward and Lee Cos.). Also Ber-

Guaiacum sanctum L., roughbark lignumvitae. S. Fla.,
Upper Keys and extinct on Key West, and
absent from s. Fla. mainland. Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and
P.R. Also s. Mex. (Yuc), Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and
207.

rare and local on several

(L.)

shores of coasts and islands of

w. to Marquesas

Gaertn.

c and

Key and Dry Tortugas,

n.

white-mangrove.

f.,

Fla. incl. Fla.

s.

on

e.

Co. and on w. coast to Cedar Keys, Levy Co.

Keys

coast to Volusia

Also widely dis-

Am. from Bermuda and Bahamas
P.R. and V.I. From n. Mex. (Tamps.,

tributed on coasts of tropical

206. Genipa clusiifolia (Jacq.) Griseb., seven-year-apple. Coasts
of S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Silt

through West Indies
Son.,

and B.

incl.

Cal. Norte)

Pacific Coast to

Ecuador

s.

on Atlantic Coast

incl.

Galapagos

Is.

to Brazil

and on

and nw. Peru. Also

on coasts of w. Africa.
220. Licaria triandra (Sw.)

and

local, in

incl.

P.R. and Martinique.

Kosterm., Gulf

and near Miami, Dade Co.,

s.

licaria.

Fla.

Very rare

Greater Antilles

13


.

221. Lysiloma latisiliquum

Broward and

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n. to

Cuba, and

se.

Mex. (Yuc.) and
Keys,

n. to

s.

lysiloma.

S.

Lam &

Meeuse, wild-dilly.
Sable,

Cape Canaveral and
through
West Indies
Bahamas
From
Manatee
Co.
on w. coast to
and
Belize.
(Yuc.
Pen.)
Mex.
V.I.
Var.
in
se.
incl. P.R. and
n.

on

e.

coast to

224. Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth., Florida mayten. Rare on
coasts of

s.

C.

225.

to Pue., S.L.P., Son.,

Pasco and

to

and B.

Cal. Sur)

Am.
Metopium toxiferum

s.

238. Rhizophora mangle L., mangrove.

Silt

shores of coasts

Marquesas Key and
and
on w. coast to
and
Flagler
Co.
on
coast
to
Tortugas,
n.
e.
Dry
Cedar Keys, Levy Co., and at Piney Is., Wakulla Co., local n. and
not hardy. Also widely distributed on coasts of tropical Am. from
islands of n. to

s.

Keys w.

Fla. incl. Fla.

Bermuda and Bahamas through West
From n. Mex. (Tamps., Son., and B.

to

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

s. on Atlantic
and on Pacific Coast to Ecuador incl. Galapagos
Also on coasts of w. Africa and in Melanesia
Is. and nw. Peru.
and Polynesia. Atlas vol. 1, maps 186-N, 186-E.

Krug & Urban, Florida

(L.)

Keys, n. on

poison-

coast to St. Lucie Co.

e.

Ba-

hamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, P.R., and Anguilla.

239. Roystonea elata

McVaugh, twinberry

226. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.)

stopper.

on N. Key Largo in Upper Fla. Keys), n. on e. coast
and on w. coast to Lee Co. and local in Pinellas
Co. Bahamas, Greater Antilles incl. P.R. and V.I., and Lesser Antilles to Martinique.
Also from e. and s. Mex. (Tamps, to Ver.

Rare and

S. Fla. (var.

on

to Volusia Co.

tinct

and Q. Roo)

s.

to

Colombia and Venezuela.

Upper

Fla. Keys, n.

on

coast to Volusia Co.

e.

Fla.

local in

Keys)

S.

and on

(Bartr.)

Fla. (Dade,

s.

Formerly

.

northward except

Cal. Norte)

F.

Harper. Florida royalpalm.

Monroe, and Collier Cos. but not

n. to St.

Johns River in

in cultivation. Also

tropical regions incl. Hawaii, in P.R.

and

c.

V.I.

mainly along coasts to Broward,

Cos., scattered

and

local n. to n. Fla.

Fla. but ex-

Cuba. Introduced other

240. Sapindus saponaria L., wingleaf soapberry.
Fla. Keys, n.

227. Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb., Florida nectandra.
Fla. incl.

Fla. mainland. Bahamas and Cuba.

Coast to Brazil

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

tree.

on west coast

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, local n.

Levy Cos. Also Mex. (Yuc.

and

Keys, not on

Fla.

Keys,

S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Through

237. Reynosia septentrionalis Urban, darling-plum.

223. Mastichodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Cronq., false-mastic.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n.

s.

coast

Monroe

Bahamas and Cuba.

Co.

Rapanea punctata (Lam.) Lundell, Florida rapanea. C.
on e. coast to Volusia Co. and on w.
to Levy Co. Also Bahamas and Cuba.

236.

and

Dade Co. and Cape

var. in n. Lesser Antilles.

and a

Bahamas,

Collier Cos.

Belize.

222. Manilkara bahamensis (Baker)
S. Fla. incl. Fla.

Bahama

Benth.,

(L.)

S. Fla. incl.

Collier,

and Lee

Also 2 coastal localities in

e.

near Miami, Dade Co., Fla. (reported in error from Fla. Keys).

Range extended n. by cultivation, partly by prehistoric Indians. Widespread in tropical America. From Bahamas through

West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also from n. Mex. (Tamps, to Son.
and B. Cal. Sur) s. to Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and
Ecuador incl. Galapagos Is. Native also in Hawaii and other
Pacific Is. Range extended into Old World tropics by cultivation.

From Bahamas through West

Atlas vol. 4,

w. coast to

s.

From Bahamas through West

Collier Co.

including P.R. and V.I.

Also

Mex. (Yuc. Pen.),

se.

Indies

Belize,

and

Guatemala.
228. Picramnia pentandra Sw., bitterbush.

Very rare

in

P.R. and V.I.

Indies incl.

and
Also

Ga.

Colombia and Venezuela.
229. Piscidia

Coasts of S. Fla.

s.

Mex.

(L.

incl. Fla.

Keys,

(Tamps,

Sarg.,

)

n.

on

e.

Florida
coast to

fishpoison-tree.

Dade Co. and on

and Q. Roo),

to Oax., Chis., Yuc.,

e.

Keys

only, not

on

s.

Fla.

231. Pithecellobium guadalupense (Pers.

blackbead. Coasts of

s.

e.

)

Keys w.

Fla. incl. Fla.

Palm Beach Co. and on w.
Cuba, Guadeloupe, and se. Mex. (Yuc.)
on

Lower

mainland. Bahamas and Cuba.

coast to

From Bahamas through West

Marquesas Key,

n.

coast to Lee Co. Bahamas,

Fla.

main-

Rare on

Indies incl. P.R. and V.I.

Mex. (Ver.), Colombia, and Venezuela.

s.

243. Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A. Rich.)

Planch., graytwig.

Upper Fla. Keys from Long Key n., n. on e.
coast to Volusia Co. and on w. coast to Pinellas Co. Also Bahamas,
Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Rare

Chapm., Guadeloupe
to

s.

242. Schaefferia frutescens Jacq., Florida-boxwood.
Fla. Keys.

Also

230. Pisonia rotundata Griseb., pisonia. S. Fla., local on

Local on Lower

Keys and Key Largo of Upper Fla. Keys, not on
land. Bahamas, Cuba, and Grand Cayman.
Fla.

Belize,

Guatemala, and Honduras (islands).

Fla.

138.

241. Savia bahamensis Britton, maidenbush.

piscipula

w. coast to Lee Co. Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti. Also

and

map

in

s.

Fla. incl.

Simarouba glauca DC, paradise-tree. S. Fla., local in Lower
Fla. Keys, n. on e. coast to Cape Canaveral and on w.
coast to Collier Co. Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Also from s. Mex. (Yuc, Tab., and Oax.) s. to Panama.
244.

and Upper

232. Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Mart., catclaw blackbead.

Coasts of

s.

Fla. incl. Fla. Keys, n.

Bahamas through West

on w. coast to Lee Co. From
Also Mex.

P.R. and V.I.

Indies incl.

245.

(Tamps, to Yuc. and in Sin.), Venezuela, and Guyana.

Solanum erianthum D. Don, mullein nightshade.

incl. Fla.

233. Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban,

West Indies cherry. Rare
(Dade Co.) and reported from Upper Fla. Keys. From
Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. Also Venezuela to Surinam, Brazil, and Argentina.
in

s.

Fla.

234.

P seudophoenix

sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg., buccaneer-

palm. Very rare on 3 Upper Fla. Keys, absent from
land (almost extinct except in cultivation).
vassa, Hispaniola, Saona,

Mona

s.

Fla.

main-

Bahamas, Cuba, Na-

(extinct?), and Dominica.

Also

Mex. (Yuc. and Q. Roo) and Belize (Ambergris Cay).

se.

235. Psidium

Local in

14

s.

Fla.

McVaugh, long-stalk stopper.
Lower Fla. Keys. Also Bahamas

longipes

(Berg)

(Dade Co.)

incl.

Keys,

n.

mostly along

e.

S. Fla.

coast to Volusia Co. and on w.

coast to Lee Co., apparently native in Fla. Keys and introduced n.

Also extreme

s.

Tex. Widespread in tropical

through West Indies
(Tamps.)
in

s.

to

incl.

P.R.

Peru and Galapagos

Old World tropics from India

vol. 4,

and
to

V.I.

Is.

Am. From Bahamas
Also from

n.

Mex.

Naturalized beyond and

China and Australia.

Atlas

maps 140-N, 140-SE.

246. Suriana maritima L., baycedar.

Shores of c. and s. Fla.
Keys w. to Marquesas Key and Dry Tortugas, n. on e.
coast to s. Brevard Co. and on w. coast to Pinellas Co. Widely
distributed on shores of tropical America from Bermuda and Bahamas through West Indies incl. P.R. and V.I. Also Atlantic
incl. Fla.


.

Coast from

World

Mex. (Yuc.)

se.

tropics

and Pacific

Colombia and

to

Cultivated

Atlas vol.

map

1.

and naturalized elsewhere

in

Fla.

s.

(s.

Acer negundo, boxelder
Cephalanthus occidentalis, buttonbush
Ptelea trifoliata,

Florida Keys sw. to Marquesas Key.

S. Fla. mainland n. on e.
Broward Co. Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, P.R.. Anegada,
Anguilla. and Barbuda. Reported from se. Mex. (Yuc.) and Belize.

250. Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex

A. &

J.

J.

Nearly through Fla. Keys and

H. Schult., Florida
s.

border of

mainland (Dade and Monroe Cos.), formerly nw.
Collier Co. (extinct).

Fla.

s.

Cape Ro-

to

Also Bahamas (N. Cat Cay), Cuba,

Jamaica, and Hispaniola. Se. Mex. (Yuc.) and Belize.

Some

Trema lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume, West Indies
trema. Local in Upper Fla. Keys (Key Largo to Key Biscay ne)
and adjacent s. Fla. mainland (se. Dade Co.). Bermuda and from
Bahamas through West Indies incl. P. R. to St. Vincent.

on w. coast

n. locally

and

V.I.

to Brazil

s.

and Lesser

have a great north-south range

Red maple, Acer rubrum, has the
from Dade and
Monroe Counties in the Everglades north to Maine, Nova Scotia,
Cape Breton Island. Gaspe, and beyond in Newfoundland. The
north-south extent is more than 23 degrees of latitude, a distance
of about 1,600 miles (2,575 km)
they meet tropical species.

greatest continuous range along the Atlantic coast,

American elm, Ulrnus americana, has an expanse along the coast
almost as great, from Lake Okeechobee to Cape Breton Island and
Gaspe. about 22 degrees of latitude. The northern limit in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

even farther, more than 26 degrees,

is

about 1,770 miles (2,850 km)

Trema micrantha

Fla. Keys, n. to

tree species of Florida

northward into the Northeastern States or even to Canada. Several

of these range southward to the Everglades of South Florida, where

251.

252.

Blume, Florida trema.

(L.)

Palm Beach, Hendry, and

to Pinellas Co.

Greater Antilles

Also from

Antilles.

c.

Fla.

S.

These seven species range from Canada to South Florida:

Collier Cos.,

Mex. (Ver.

incl.

Acer rubrum, red maple

P.R.

Cephalanthus occidentalis, buttonbush (also to Honduras)
to Sin.)

s.

Morus rubra, red mulberry

and Argentina.

blackgum
Rhus copallina, shining sumac
Sambucus canadensis. American elder
Ulmus americana, American elm
l\yssa sylvatica, black tupelo,

Ximenia americana

253.

L.,

tallowwood. N. to

s.

Fla. incl. Fla.

Keys, mostly near shores. Widely distributed on shores of tropical

and subtropical regions and inland

From Bahamas through West
Also from
Bolivia.

c.

Mex. (Ver. and

in both

New and Old

Worlds.

Indies incl. P.R. and St. Thomas.

Col., s.)

Africa, Asia, Australia,

s.

to Brazil, Argentina,

and

254. Zanthxylum

coriaceum

Mexico or

and islands of Pacific Ocean.
A.

Rich.,

Biscayne prickly-ash.

e. coast of s. Fla. (Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach
and Key Biscayne. Also Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Cayman,

also Central

an expanse of more than 36 degrees of
(3,950

Keys

(n. to

Volusia and Citrus Cos.) and

C.

and

se., s.,

and sw. Tex. (n. near coast to Jackson and Matagorda Cos.).
Also West Indies in Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Martinique, and Trinidad. From n. Mex. (Tamps, to Coah., s. Son.,
and s. B. Cal. Sur, s. to Ecuador incl. Galapagos Is. and Peru.
)

map

West Indies satinwood. Very
at Key West and perhaps other

Lower Fla. Keys (extinct
keys), not on s. Fla. mainland. Bermuda and from Bahamas
through West Indies incl. P.R. to St. Lucia.

about 2,450 miles
in previous

Carpinus caroliniana, American hornbeam
Cephalanthus occidentalis, buttonbush

Cornus

florida, flowering

dogwood

Fagus grandifolia, American beech
Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum
Nyssa

sylvatica, black tupelo,

blackgum

Platanus occidentalis, sycamore

Prunus

Many

have a broad distribution

New England

to

Some have

in the eastern half

the familiar range

Minnesota, south to Texas and Florida.

These northern trees generally reach their southern limits

NOTES ON RANGES
Some observations on tree distribution may be noted from
maps of the 262 species in this volume. However, analyses of

serotina, black cherry

tree species

of the continental United States.

from

western or northern Florida.
the
the

An attempt has been
where each species grows naturally now, not to explain or speculate how and why. Many tree species of Florida
have extensive ranges beyond the State.

Some

in north-

are often regarded as northern

hardwoods, for example, American beech. Fagus grandifolia, and
white oak, Quercus alba. The following list of 33 species ranging

New England

ranges are outside the scope of the Atlas.

from

made

2 conifers:

to record

latitude,

Nine examples, some of which were noted

Ostrya virginiana, eastern hophornbeam

164-N, 164-SE.

256. Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl,
rare on

.

exceed 25 to 30

volumes, are:

255. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., lime prickly-ash.

Atlas vol. 4,

km)

may

Ostrya virginiana, eastern hophornbeam, has

degrees of latitude.

Cos.)

Fla. incl. Fla.

Mexico)

America, sometimes as a different va-

Their discontinuous north-south range

Rare along

and Hispaniola.

(also in

Several temperate tree species of Florida reappear in mountains
of

riety.

s.

and

Rhus glabra, smooth sumac

Through

Wendl., key thatchpalm.

coast to

incl.

(varieties to Arizona, Mexico,

Salix nigra, black willow

249. Thrinax morrisii H.

mano,

hoptree (variety to Arizona)

Guatemala)

Key Largo. Also Bahamas, Cuba,

incl.

and Hispaniola.

thatchpalm.

common

Prunus serotina, black cherry

I

dis-

been noted in previous volumes. Six Florida species are:

192-E.

Dade Co.

have broad east-west

Others of more northern range have

classed as transcontinental.

regions.

tropical

248. Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn., Florida tetrazygia. Local
in

tree species native in Florida

tribution nearly across the continental United States and can be

is.

247. Swietenia mahagoni (L.I Jacq., West Indies mahogany.
Rare in extreme s. Fla. incl. Upper Fla. Keys and s. border of
mainland (s. Dade and s. Monroe Cos.), extinct northward. Bahamas. Cuba, and Hispaniola. Introduced in Hawaii, P.R. and
V.I.

Very few

Also in Old

Brazil.

.

or

Acer saccharinum,

Canada south

silver

to

northern Florida includes

maple

Alnus serrulata, hazel alder
15


:

Coast to southeastern Georgia. Avicennia germinans, black-man-

Amelanchier arborea, downy serviceberry

Asimina

triloba,

pawpaw

grove,

scattered along the Gulf Coast of southern Mississippi,

is

Dodonaea

Betula nigra, river birch

southern Louisiana, and southeastern Texas.

Carpinus caroliniana, American hornbeam

hopbush, of worldwide distribution, extends as a shrub from

Carya cordiformis, bitternut hickory
Carya tomentosa, mockernut hickory
Castanea dentata, American chestnut
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic white-cedar

Mexico

alternifolia, alternate-leaf

Cornus

florida, flowering

Bumelia

Fagus grandifolia, American beech

Distribution of trees in the Florida Keys merits special men-

montana, mountain winterberry

common

celastrina, safron-plum

TREES OF THE FLORIDA KEYS

Fraxinus pennsylvanica, green ash

Ilex verticillata,

extreme south-

in

Solanum erianthum, mullein nightshade
Zanthoxylum fagara, lime prickly-ash

Fraxinus americana, white ash

Ilex

These 3 reappear

ern Texas

dogwood
dogwood

Cornus

into southern Arizona.

viscosa,

The keys

tion.

differ

from the mainland

in their tropical climate

with no freezing temperatures. "Flora of the Florida Keys" (Small

winterberry

Juglans nigra, black walnut

1913b) indicates the general range of each species.

Juniperus virginiana, eastern redcedar

The Florida Keys are a long chain of small, flat islands mostly
than 15 feet above sea level. They extend from near the southeast corner of the Florida mainland west-southwest in an arc about
125 miles to Key West (Lat. 24° 36' N) The Marquesas Keys and
Dry Tortugas are farther west, the last being coral reefs about 60

miles beyond. The Upper Florida Keys down to Bahia Honda Key
are of coral rock known as the Key Largo limestone. The Lower
Florida Keys from Big Pine Key to Key West and the Marquesas
Keys are of Miami oolitic limestone, the same formation as near

Kalmia

latifolia,

mountain-laurel

less

Liriodendron tulipifera, yellow-poplar

Magnolia acuminata, cucumbertree

.

Ostrya virginiana, eastern hophornbeam
Platanus occidentalis, sycamore

Prunus americana, American plum
Prunus serotina, black cherry

(varieties to Arizona,

Mexico, and

Guatemala)

Quercus alba, white oak

Miami. (Limestone outcrops

Quercus muehlenbergii, chinkapin oak

are designated also as Everglades Keys.)

Quercus velutina, black oak

Rhus glabra, smooth sumac

The
(also transcontinental)

Staphylea

trifolia,

Ulmus rubra,
Most

rare or

slippery elm

have a

West Indies and on the continent. About

two-thirds are found in Puerto Rico, and some of these also in the
Virgin Islands (Little 1976). Of the 98 species, 67 are described
and illustrated in the two-volume reference on trees of Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands (Little and Wadsworth 1964; Little, Woodbury, and Wadsworth 1974) Among these are 34 of the 60 classed
in the

.

as rare in the southernmost counties of Florida.

Two

tree species

found in both Florida and Puerto Rico are native also in Hawaii:
Sapindus saponaria, wingleaf soapberry, and Dodonaea viscosa,
hopbush.

States reappear in Puerto Rico
Ilex cassine,

:

Cyrilla racemiflora,

swamp

cyrilla,

dahoon, and Myrica cerifera, southern bayberry.

Only about 34 of the 98 tropical species are restricted to Florida
and the West Indies. All the others reappear elsewhere on the conabout 56 in Mexico, 54 in Central America, and 41 in
South America. Eight are native also in the Old World tropics or
represented there by very closely related species. Many are native
tinent,

in northeastern

Mexico (Tamaulipas)

nearly to the

Texas border.

by

island, has not

on only a

in the Florida

Keys are decreasing

become

Some

scarce.

tree species, such as those of useful

woods, have

Several have disappeared from certain islands and

probably will do so from others.

The earliest detailed plant collections in the Florida Keys were
made at Key West. John Loomis Blodgett (1809-53), a physician
and druggist who came there in 1838, was the first botanist to explore the Lower Florida Keys. His tree records were reported by
Nuttall (1842-49).
list

Key West. It
March 1872 but con-

of the plants at

was based mainly upon observations there

in

tained records of others. Native trees totaled about 35 species, and

introduced trees about 12. Solanum erianthum (as S. verbascifol-

ium), mullein nightshade, was recorded as native and very common. Cordia sebestena, Geiger-tree, was classed as "probably not
native." Cocos nucifera, coconut, was naturalized and common.

Cotton, Gossypium barbadense, was listed as a naturalized large
shrub.

Big Pine Key (with surrounding keys) has a published plant
by Dickson, Woodbury, and Alexander (1953). The compiler

list

Several of Florida's tropical tree species are native also in other
Sapindus saponaria, wingleaf soapberry, and Forestiera

vitae,

States.

Florida-privet,

been available. Certain

species have restricted occurrence

rapid rate, because of real estate developments and recrea-

tional use.

made

16

species, island

uncommon

numerous keys

known. However, the exact distribution

Areas of natural vegetation
at a

Thirteen of the 98 tropical species are confined to the Florida
Keys and absent from the Southern Florida mainland (Little
1976). However, 7 of these occur also in Mexico or southward
on the continent.

segregata,

so far as

Melvill (1884) published a

Also, 3 tree species of wider distribution in the Southeastern

northward

mapped

portion of the chain.

tropical tree species native in southern Florida

wide distribution

some

of

American bladdernut

Everglades of the mainland

distribution of each tree species within the

has been

Sassafras albidum, sassafras

in the

continue northward

on the Atlantic

a collection of the trees there in September 1952, about 45

native species.

Two

woods have become extinct at

Guaiacum sanctum, roughbark lignum-

tree species with valuable

Key West and

vicinity.

was noted by Blodgett

as

abundant and by Melvill as not
Indies satinwood, was com-

common. Zanthoxylum flavum, West

mon

there,

according to Blodgett, but not observed by Melvill.


Wild plants of Cereus robinii, key tree-cactus, disappeared from
Key West about 1915 but persist at Big Pine Key.
All but 9 of the 98 species of tropical hardwoods shown in this
volume on large maps are native south into the Florida Keys. Also,
13 of the more northern tree species on the small maps occur in the
keys. Thus, the Florida

Keys have about 102 species of native

trees.

Only about 13 species of native trees are confined to the Florida
Keys and absent from the mainland (Little 1976). However, all
reappear in the West Indies. The list follows:

A

Next, a few definitions.
dividuals throughout

The term

spread.

local species

islands, but

small,

which

is sufficiently

whose range
is

may

in-

be restricted or wide-

used here for a species of

is

such as a small part of a State or a few

relatively small range,

species

numbers of

rare species has small

range, which

its

common

not to be called rare.

limited to a particular

is

named

A

area, usually

Border or peripheral species reach the

cited as endemic.

limit of their natural range a short distance into the

Acacia choriophylla, cinnecord

United States,
where they may be classed also as rare or local. An extinct species
(recently or possibly extinct) is no longer known to exist after re-

Acacia macracantha, long-spine acacia

peated search of the type locality and other

Cereus robinii. key tree-cactus

As defined

in the Act, "the

Clusia rosea. Florida clusia

species

Cupania glabra. Florida cupania

nificant portion of its range.

which

term 'endangered species' means any

.

.

Drypetes diversijolia, milkbark

means any

within the foreseeable future throughout

Guaiacum sanctum, roughbark lignumvitae
Gyminda latifolia. falsebox

tion of

Pseudophoenix

sargentii,

Some

buccaneer-palm

Zanthoxylum flavum. West Indies

Fortunately, small areas of natural vegetation are in preserves.

Monument near

the northeast end of the island

chain contains several keys, including Sands,

Elliott.

Old Rhodes,

and Totten. Everglades National Park embraces numerous small
isles in Florida Bay and a ranger station on Key Largo. Lignum
Vitae State Park preserves that tree on the key with the same name.
National Key Deer Refuge occupies parts of Big Pine Key and

rence,

clearly

From

geographical areas.

However, border or peripheral species gener-

ing country.
Fortunately, the preliminary

these trees of local occur-

subject of rare and

local trees

is

may be

compiled. The

being treated in a series of sepa-

lists

for the continental United

States contain only about 32 species (also 11 varieties)
(Little

proposed as endangered and 5 proposed as

However, the number of species of rare

trees

is

some-

larger.

of several rare

subject to differences of opinion.

and

local Florida trees is

The same

variation

few weak varieties are not mentioned.

may

be

unnamed form.

treated as a distinct species, as a variety, or as an

A

of trees

This Atlas volume contains maps of the Florida

1975b).

The taxonomic rank

which species are confined

of rare and endangered species

lists

of proposed

Examples are many from the
West Indies also in South Florida. Border species could become
extinct in the United States and still be common in a neighbor-

what

RARE AND LOCAL SPECIES
to limited

lists

are excluded by definition.

threatened.

show

or a significant por-

rare and local tree species are also on the

tree species listed, 5

adjacent keys.

of this Atlas

all

endangered or threatened.

Institution (1975).

satin wood

ally

The maps

likely

endangered and threatened species compiled by the Smithsonian

Savia bahamensis. maidenbush

Biscayne National

is

range." At present, no plant species has been officially

its

classified as

Pisonia rotundata. pisonia

which

or a sig-

all

"The term 'threatened species'
to become an endangered species

."

Exostema caribaeum. princewood

species

or likely places.

danger of extinction throughout

in

is

known

Also, the genus haw-

thorn, Crataegus, has been omitted because of taxonomic difficulrate reports.

The

first

(Little

the

yew

report,

"Rare and Local Conifers

in the

United States"

19751, cites northwestern Florida's 2 very rare species of
family. Taxaceae, mentioned below.

"Rare Tropical Trees

ties,

though several

local species

have been named from northern

Florida.

A

separate

list

of rare

and endangered Florida plants has been

of South Florida" (Little 1976), the second report, compiles the

prepared by the Special Committee on Plants, Florida Committee

distribution of 60 species of rare tropical trees of the 3 southern-

on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals.

most counties.

contains

The Endangered Species Act

of 1973 (U.S. Public

Law

93-205,

approved Dec. 28, 1973) directed the Smithsonian Institution to
prepare a

list

of proposed endangered

and threatened plant

species.

Accordingly, the Secretary (Smithsonian Institution 1975)
sented to the Congress on Dec. 15. 1974,

its

200-page "Report on

Endangered and Threatened Plant Species of the United

The Act

also provides that the Secretary of the U.S.

of the Interior

nary

lists

must study the Smithsonian

cially

been so

classified

States."

Department

Institution's prelimi-

of species and determine whether or not

truly threatened or endangered.

pre-

any species

At this time, no species has

by the Secretary. However, a

list

is

offi-

of pro-

posed endangered status for some 1,700 United States vascular

This larger

list

some northern species that reach their southern limit in
northern Florida. Though rare within this State, these species
would not be threatened with extinction. The preliminary list for
Florida contains 8 tree species proposed as endangered,
threatened, and 8 as rare.

named

All native palms

tree species are protected

7 as

and several other

by Florida law.

Florida has three geographic centers of local species, or of

endemism. One

is

in northwestern Florida,

River westward. Another
part.

The

third

is

is

from the Apalachicola

the sandhill or lake region in the central

the tropical region of South Florida including

the Florida Keys. Tree examples in each center are mentioned

below. Species on the

lists

of proposed endangered

and threatened

species are indicated.

plant taxa has been published (U.S. Department of the Interior,

Fish and Wildlife Service 1976) Thus, the proposed threatened
and endangered species are tentative or preliminary and will remain so until the Secretary makes a final determination possibly
.

—

several years in the future.

i

Northwestern Florida

Northwestern Florida, the oldest part of the State geologically

and the highest

in altitude, has several local tree species

and many
17


northern species at their southern limits. Two endangered species
of the yew family, Taxaceae, are very rare on the east side of the
Apalachicola River and vicinity (Little 1975a).

Taxus floridana,

Torreya

taxifolia, Florida

Florida yew,

is

limited to 2 counties.

torreya, has been found in 3 counties

Georgia.

It

and an adjacent county of
state, having been de-

almost extinct in the wild

is

Both species are pro-

stroyed by a fungal disease of the stems.
State Park near

tected within Torreya

Bristol

and have been

planted in botanical gardens elsewhere.

to

the central part

and

central

to

Florida slash pine,

is

common and

widespread. The others, noted

below, are rare.
is

represented

named

as species.

Cereus robinii (Lem.) L. Benson, key tree-cactus,
in the Florida Keys by 2 varieties originally

Both have been proposed as endangered and

listed as

commercially

The typical variety, var. roknown from the Lower Florida

exploited species privately collected.

key tree-cactus (typical),

is

Keys and Cuba. Var. deeringii (Small) L. Benson, Deering treecactus, is endemic to the Upper Florida Keys and is rare and possibly almost extinct.

Georgia.

Magnolia

Ashe magnolia, proposed

ashei,

known only from 8 counties of northwestern
related to M. macrophylla, bigleaf magnolia.
Three

have been distinguished in South

Engelm. var. densa Little & Dorman, South

tree varieties

Florida. Pinus elliottii

binii,

Salix floridana, Florida willow, proposed as endangered, ranges

from northwestern Florida

Four endemic

as

threatened,

Florida.

It is

found

have a broader distribution into nearby States.
Pinckneya pubens, pinckneya, extends into Georgia and the edge
of South Carolina. Leitneria floridana, corkwood, is found in
in this region but

or rarely small tree,

Ilex amelanchier, sarvis holly, a shrub

very rare in the Coastal Plain of 7 States.

is

R.

W. Long, Simpson

stopper,

is

Crataegus lacrimata Small, Pensacola hawthorn, apparently is a
known only from northwestern Florida (Wal-

var. simpsonii (Small)

rare and local on the mainland in

Dade County and has been proposed

other rare tree species proposed as threatened are

17 counties of 5 States.

McVaugh

Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.)

is

closely

as threatened.

The

typical

and tropical America
Protected by State law (as Eugenia simpsonii).

variety has a wider range in South Florida

and

not rare.

is

Forestiera segregata

Krug & Urban

(Jacq.)

var.

pinetorum

(Small) M. C. Johnston, a shrubby variety of South Florida, has

been proposed as endangered. The typical variety, Florida-privet,
is a small tree which ranges into southeastern Georgia and the

West

Indies.

distinct local species

ton to Escambia Cos.). Another, C. pulcherrima Ashe, beautiful

APPLICATIONS OF THE MAPS

hawthorn, ranges also into southwestern Georgia and southern

Alabama.

maps

Several applications of these

of Florida trees

may

be

re-

peated from previous volumes, though most uses are obvious.

Central Florida
One

of the best

known endemic

region of central Florida
It is

is

lllicium parviflorum, yellow anise-tree.

trees

is

a

central Florida. Pinus clausa, sand pine,

through the central part and
part and an

Two

is

To

common species through
is common and dominant

present also in the northwestern

Alabama county.

local varieties

tions,

from

locally collected seed should

specialists, the

and

maps may

also likely localities

grows wild and can

tree species

be found for study for any purposes;

limited to 5 counties and has been proposed as threatened.

Carya floridana, scrub hickory,

maps show where each

First, the

trees of the sandhill or lake

where plantations or

also,

be successful.

reveal errors

where further

and suggest correcwork is needed

field

and where range extensions and State records may be
The natural ranges are preserved for the historical record,

for revision

sought.

before the forests are destroyed or partly replaced by plantations

proposed as threatened are: Ilex opaca var.

of

improved

varieties

and hybrids. The maps have economic value,

arenicola (Ashe), dune holly, and Persea borbonia var. humilis

suggesting possible sources of

(Nash) Kopp, silkbay.

tion to the detailed information on timber

wood and

other products in addi-

volumes provided by

forest surveys.

Southern Florida
The

tropical region of South Florida including the Florida

Keys

has the greatest collection of rare native trees anywhere in the continental United States.

The report "Rare Tropical Trees of South

Florida" (Little 1976) classes 60 species as rare or local. Those
species are confined to the 3 southernmost counties, Dade,

and

Monroe,

That report contains additional

beyond.

Collier, or slightly

information including distribution and occurrence within parks

and other preserves and

in the Florida

Keys.

Apparently South Florida has no local or endemic tree species.

named as new from there have been found also in
West Indies, such as Bahamas and Cuba or beyond or southward to the continent, or have been reduced to synonyms or varieties. However, all these species at the northern edge of their
All tree species
the

natural ranges here would be classed as border or peripheral.

Thus, they would not be under the Endangered Species Act.

Roystonea

elata,

stonea regia

(H.B.K.)

is

protected by State law.

0. F. Cook,

widespread in Cuba, apparently

18

is

However, Roy-

Cuban royalpalm, which

the same.

They provide the basis for correlation studies of
and the environment, including limiting
Also, these maps may indicate local climates to which

each species.

distribution of a species
factors.

geographical or local races

may

be adapted.

The maps are of special importance in the collection of seed.

They show first the geographic areas and localities where seed can
be collected from wild trees. They suggest the possible occurrence
of geographic races and seed sources, particularly for tree improvement programs, including hybridization tests and for testing
or introduction beyond the native range, such as foreign countries
with similar climates.

Maps can be

helpful in identifying wild trees by indicating the

presence or absence of a species in a particular area.

Florida royalpalm, has been proposed as en-

dangered and as a palm

The transparent overlays (Volume 1) and maps together summarize graphically the average and extreme conditions of the environment (temperature, precipitation, latitude, altitude, etc.) of

is

maps serve

Finally,

background material for such studies as classification, evolution, paleobotany, and genetics, and for the distribution of associated animals and plants, for example, insects and
the

parasitic fungi.

as

.

SUMMARY

.

shrub species of conifers).

(also 2

cies

.

Also, 27 species (and 1

shrub species) have maps for both the Eastern and Western United

"Volume

Florida"

5.

is

the fifth

volume of an Atlas showing

the natural distribution or range of the native tree species of the

Florida merits a separate volume be-

continental United States.

cause

has more native tree species than any other State (except

it

Hawaii

and because

,

I

found in no other

has a large number of tropical species

it

State.

These include 13 of conifers and 151 of temperate hardwoods.

Large maps of 98 species of tropical hardwoods of South Florida

Ten

are added.

313 maps
cies,

listed species of

hawthorn (Crataegus) increase the

State total to about 272.

black and white).

(all

"Volume

2,

Common

Alaska Trees and

Shrubs" has 38 tree spe-

including 6 shrub species of willow (Salix) rarely reaching

tree size (also

44 more of common shrubs, making 82

species

maps

Also 23 general maps (8 in color). Total, 105 maps.

in color).

The native trees of Florida (excluding hawthorn, Crataegus)
mapped in this volume total 262 species. Florida maps of 164
species are reproduced from portions of maps in Volumes 1 and
4.

There are 4 base maps and 9 transparent overlays. Total,

States.

All Alaska tree species except 7 shrub species rarely reaching tree
size are also in another

map

of

volume.

Minor Western Hardwoods" has 210 species.
North America is added for 62 species (including 2

"Volume
Alaska not

3,

in the

contiguous United States)

A
of

Also, 15 species have

.

both northwestern and southwestern maps. There are 4 base maps.

clude publications, herbarium specimens, field work, and review

289 maps (all in color except base maps)
"Volume 4, Minor Eastern Hardwoods" has 166 species (including 19 also in Volume 3). A map of North America is added for
42 species (including 12 also in Volume 3). Also, 18 species have

by

both northeastern and southeastern maps. There are 4 base maps.

Total,

The Florida maps have been compiled from various

sources,

following the procedure reviewed in previous volumes. These in-

local specialists.

The
scale of the Florida base map of the maps repeated from Volumes
1:10,000,000. The 98 new maps of tropical
1 and 4 is the same
maps

Species

follow the general plan of earlier volumes.

—

hardwoods have the

scale roughly 1 :4,000,000. Natural geographic

distribution of each species
fine dots

shown

Check

brown-shaded pattern of

dots.

Order of maps within the 3
name.

as a

on the black-and-white base map. Outlying stations are

by large or small

plotted

is

lists

is

alphabetical by scientific

and common names follow the Forest Service
except for minor revision on nomenclature.
( 1953

Scientific

List

I

,

Also, the range of each species, both within Florida
is

summarized

in text.

and beyond,

References to any maps in other Atlas

volumes are added.

extensive ranges beyond.

Many

tree species of Florida

have

Six have broad east-west distribution

nearly across the continental United States, while 7 range from
to

South Florida. Nine temperate tree species of Florida

reappear in the mountains of Mexico or also in Central America.

Many

species are widespread in the eastern half of the conti-

and generally reach their southern limits in
northwestern or northern Florida. Most tropical tree species native
in southern Florida are present also in the West Indies and
southward on the continent. Of the 98 species, 67 are found in
nental United States

local species are listed.

The

tropical region of South

Florida including the Florida Keys has the greatest collection of
rare native trees anywhere in the continental United States, 60

species classed as rare or local.

endemic tree

been distinguished. However,
of their natural ranges

Apparently South Florida has no

species, but
all

4 endemic tree varieties have

general maps).

Together, the 5 volumes contain 1,205 maps, or 1,069 pages of

maps, including 50 base and general maps and 173 showing
the

"Volume

STATISTICAL

SUMMARY OF THE ATLAS

"Atlas of United States Trees" in 5 volumes has compiled maps
showing the natural range of the native tree species of the continental United States except hawthorns (Crataegus) in the eastern

A

statistical

"Volume
cies,

1,

summary with numbers

Conifers and Important

including 94 of

species of conifers)

.

of species follows.

Hardwoods" has 201 speconifers and 107 of hardwoods (also 2 shrub
A map of North America is added for 67 spe-

Supplement"

6,

have small maps of hawthorns

will

(Crataegus). Occurrence merely by State will be shown for 35
species (10 in Florida)

Thus, as defined and mapped here, the number of tree species native in the continental

Crataegus, hawthorn

is

United States

is

about 683 (when

added). This number includes some shrub

and often omitted from

species rarely attaining tree size

tree

lists.

Also counted are 98 species of tropical hardwoods confined mostly
to southern Florida

94

and native

in

no other

State.

tree species (also 2 shrub species), all in

Mapped with

Native conifers

Volume

1.

hardwoods in Volumes 1, 3, 4, and 5 are 22
species of monocotyledons reaching tree size. The palm family,
Palmae, has 11 native tree species of palms (1 southwestern and 10
southeastern)

.

the

Yuccas, genus Yucca, of tree size total

11(9

south-

western and 2 southeastern)

maps

are the

same

scale, 1:10,000,000, except for the

volume. Thus, the maps may be
The 9 overlays on geography, climate, and
forest types in Volume 1 can be adapted to the others. Even the
maps of Alaska have the same scale.

98 large maps of Florida

compared

half.

Charted also are 2 shrub species of

conifers and the Alaska ranges of 41 other shrub species.

All the
as border or peripheral.

dis-

The number of native tree species of
continental United States mapped in all volumes is 655, after

tribution in North America.

these species at the northern edge

would be classed

This

volume repeats the Florida portions (a few slightly revised) of 170
species from Volumes 1, 3, and 4, (mostly 6 to a page). Also,
there are 6 general maps. Total, 265 maps (all in color except 4

total

local or

color except base maps).

(all in

fined mostly to the southern part (6 also in other States).

Puerto Rico.

Rare and

230 maps

"Volume 5, Florida" has 262 species on 126 pages. There are
large maps of this State for 98 species of tropical hardwoods con-

subtraction for duplications.

Notes on ranges are included.

Canada

Total,

in this

readily.

and 5 have species ranges summarized in text
for reference. Revised ranges of the remaining species will be
in Volume 6 and the forthcoming Forest Service Check list.

Volumes

2, 4,

Maps may be located by

common names and by the

the indexes of scientific
list

Volume 5 has

references to any

volumes. Also

Volume 6

will

under Contents

maps

of the

have an index

in

names and

each volume.

same species

to all

in other

maps.
19