THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST V1093

West

The
Vol.

X. No.

American

Established

1884.

SCIENTIST.

Price 10c a copy; $1 a year; $10 for life.
Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor,
Number 365 Twenty-first Street,

San Diego, California, U.

S.

A.

MEDICINAL PLANTS.
In the Mission days of California,
the Jesuite and Franciscan fathers and
the early settlers found it necessary to
rely upon their own resources and to
become proficient in many trades and

professions which in a more advanced
to
stage of civilization are relegated

Medicine and surgery were

demanded
naturally
sciences which
the attention of every one, especially
of the fathers who were virtually entrusted with both the spiritual and
primitive
physical welfare of these
doubtless
times,
communities.
At
their limited stock of simple remedies
ran low, and with the slow means of
communication with other communities,
and with Mexico and Spain,
whence they drew their earlier sup.

they gladly availed themselves
the
the traditional knowledge of
obvirtues of native plants which
tained among the Indian population
plies,

of

around them.

Among

Whole No.

September, /poo.

6.

THE WEST AMERICAN

specialists.

Scientist.

the Californian aborigines, as
tribes of Indians, there

among most

men or
existed so-called' medicine
doctors, who, by practicing on the suctions of their fellows, and with
ihc aid of their traditional knowledge
Of the virtues of certain plants hand-

among

all

conditions of people,

93.

and

unquestionably the simple formulae,
comprised of harmless vegetable ingredients, as practiced among a normally healthful rural community, are
more successful in the average cases,
than the complicated combinations of
old
poisons administered by
the
school physician.
Rhamnus purshiana DC. Among the
native remedial agents most extensively employed in
California
is
this
species, which is found only in limited
quantity in Southern California. Prof.
H. C. Ford records it from the Santa
Ynez mountains, and Mrs. R. F. Bingham notes it among the "Medicinal
plants growing wild in Santa Barbara
and vicinity" (vide Bull. S. B. Soc. Nat.
Hist., i. 2, pp. 30-34). Dr. H. H. Rusby (Druggists' Bull. IV. 334), calls attention to the difficulty of positively
identifying

and distinguishing this
species from its near relative, R. californica, in its southern habitat, where
the two are usually associated
together and recommends that this important drug, Cascara Sagrada as it is
called, should be collected only
in
northern California or Oregon to avoid
all risks of obtaining spurious bark.
tomentella Bth.
This
Rhamnus
shrub or small tree, evidently restricted
in its distribution to the mountains of
and
San Bernardino (Parish)
San

—

—

Diego counties and of northern Baja

popularly known as the
bush, or Yerba loso. Dr.
Rusby does not consider this to possess
any useful properties at le£st no
medicine men followed with great- Purshiana. Its large black berries are
er less success the healing art.

sweet to the taste, but poisonous or at
Local remedies, however, are known least unwholesome, as children someand user] every where in all climes and times find to their cost. The seeds are

—

>'

—

California,
wild coffee

is

—


The West American Scientist

35

somewhat

;6

the size and shape of
common
the
name and when separated from the
pulp and roasted are said to form a fair

substitute for coffee, though I should
prefer not to experiment with it my-

victim of the insidious drug becoming
insane for life if not mercifully relieved
Tradition says that
at once by death.
empress,
unfortunate
Maximilian's
Carlotta, was a victim of this drug,
but the truth of this may never be

self.

known.

coffee

of

berries

—

The bark

— whence

of this species is popularly

efficacious in severe cases

considered
of dysentery, and the leaves to possess
cathartic properties though both are
dangerous remedies.
conceded to be
The receipt given me for dysentery is
to take one pound of the bark of the
root, boil in a quart of water until reduced to a pint.
Daucus Pusillus Michx.— Mrs. R. F.
Bingham (S. B. Soc. Nat. Hist., C.
i:2-35) states that this is "very much
valued by the natives as a remedy for
She cites
the bite of the rattlesnake."
"one of our oldest physicians" as having "seen a Californian chew the plant,
moisten his arm with the saliva, and
then permit a rattlesnake to bite his
arm, without producing swelling or any
She says the plant is
bad effect."
usually applied in the form of a poulwidely distributed from
tice.
It is
British Columbia to Mexico and eastward to the Atlantic, but I have not
personal'y known of its use above stated, the "Golondrina" (a species of Euphorbia) possessing the same desirsecable reputation throughout the

—

where I have collected.
Paeonia Californica Nutt. — The root

tion

of the "Pionia" is considered valuable
by the natives for the healing of sores
on man or beast.

Aplopappus
Palmeri
Gray. — The
"Pasmore" of the Mexicans and In-

dians is reputed
to be invaluable in
cases of lockjaw.
Mimulus glutinosus Wendl. The infusion of the leaves of this and related
forms (treated as species of Diplacus
by some botanists) is considered a
specific by some for dysentery.
.

—

—

Asclepias Subulata Decsne. "Jumete"
a very powerful cathartic, equal in
activity to croton oil.

The Indians are
said to use it in cases of syphillis after
all other remedies fail to bring relief;
an overdose often resulting in incurable insanity or death.
In Mexico the
juice of this or a similar plant is said
to be often used in cases of enmity, the
is

—

Asclejias Albicans Watson. A larger
species of jumete, from the Colorado
adjacent regions in Baja
desert and
California, is credited popularly with
the same powerful cathartic properties as the last.
Californica
Solidago
Nuttall. The
Golden Rod, or "Oroja de Leabre" of
the Mexicans, is prized above all other
herbs for its curative properties in
cases of either internal or external injuries of man or beast, the most stubborn of sores being said to quickly heal
under its influence.
Loeselia tenuifolia Gray. This herb
is
credited with valuable
medicinal
properties, being held in high repute

by Indians and Mexicans for fevers
and in other diseases. Some Mexicans

—

—

me

once informed
to

my

however, according
it is a virulent
'used only
in
venereal
disWithout some actual knowl-

field notes,

poison
eases.'

that

edge of the properties of a plant it
should be experimented upon with exceeding caution.

Helenium puberulum DC. This plant
is common along water courses from
San Francisco southward to Santo
Tomas,
Bancroft
Baja California.
says this plant is used by the Indians
in the same way as we make use of
sarsaparailla. Mrs.
Bingham (1. c.)
says it is "used as a tonic and antis-

—

also in the form of a
the
catarrh." She gives
vernacular name as sneezewood. It is
known to the Mexicans as rosea or
rosilla (the proper spelling of the word)
who inform me that the seed is the part
mainly used medicinally.
Matricaria discoidea DC. "Used for
Bingham).
bowel complaints" (Mrs.
"Said to be used in California as a

corbutic,

powder

and

for

—

domestic remedy for agues and bowel
i.
Cal.
Bot.
complaints" (Watson,
401.)

Datisca glomerata Benth. & Hook.
"The root is a bitter tonic known as
Durango root" (Mrs. Bingham).

Artemisia

ludoviciana

Bingham says

this is

Nutt.

—Mrs.

"recommended


The West American

37

Scientist.

38

great renown as a blood purifier and
Lonicera subspicata Hook & Arm.
many have volunteered to me their
The "moronel" of the Mexicans is used opinion that it was "better than sarby them in the form of a tea as a blood saparilla" and without an equal. I have
purifier; the plant is also used for the never heard of unpleasant effects folhealing of sores.
lowing its use. It is a valuable sedaGrindelia robusta Nuttall. This is a tive. Experiments and analyses prove
popular remedy, especially recommend- it to be not superior to E. antisyphilited as a remedy for the effects of the ica which already has a place among
for the effects of poison oak."

—

—

poison oak (Rhus diversiloba Torr. &
Gray), the plant being applied fresh, or
a decoction or alcholic infusion used
(Mrs. Bingham). The crude drug sells
at about $5.00 per hundred pounds. A
Russian scientist is at present engaged

in a study of the medicinal properties
of this plant and of the other species
of the genus most of which seem to
properties
possess the same valuble
and some of which are doubtless often
substituted for or confused with the
typical G. robusta of Nuttall. One of
these, G. subsquarrosa, I have recently supplied to an eastern Arm, sending them, about fifty pounds of the
crude drug, for them to thoroughly

—

test its

properties.

Romneya

—

Harv. "A deadly
"The whole plant is used,
coulteri

poison."
bruised and boiled and applied as a
poultice or taken in liquor" my notes
do not state whereof its virtue consists. It will naturally
be inferred,

however, that its properties are similar
to those of opium.

—

American drugs.

—

Baccharis glutinosa Pers. This, or
another species of the genus, familiarly

known as Mock willow, is held in some
repute for the healing of sores. Pluchea
borealis Gray, also known by the same
popular name, perhaps shares in the
same virtues and is, I believe, the plant
known to the Mexicans as "watervirmotor" credited with medicinal
tues without number!

—

Cucurbita

Palmata

Watson. — The

mock orange and wild pomegranate are
names frequently applied to this and

other species of the genus cucurbita.
The root is very bitter, and a strong
and quick emetic, acting "without any
disagreeable effect on the nerves." In
common with the following species this
Mexicans as "Chili
is known to the
Coyote," or "Calabazilla."
Cucurbita Poetidissima, H. B. K.
disI do not know that the natives
criminate between these species in favor of either one or the other.
"The
macerated root is ?.lso used as a rem-

Ephedra californica Watson. — "Can- edy for piles" (Watson, Bot. Ca.1.,
atilla" or Mountain tea, and "tepopote" i:239).
(fide Havard), are names applied to
Micrampelis
Macrocarpa Greene.
several of the genus Ephedra,. "They The chilocothe vine, also belonging to
are popular remedies among Mexicans the Cucurbitaceae,
possesses similar
and frontiersmen in the treatment of properties to Cucurbita palmata. The
syphilis and gonorrhot-a, especially the root attains immense size, and is credlatter.
The decoction or infusion of ited with having formed the basis of
%he stems has an acid reaction and an tho once famous "Dr. Walker's Celeastringent taste resembling
that
of brated California Vinegar Bitters."
tannin. It is used as an injection and
Trichostema Lanatum Bentham.

Enti
naliy; some caution should be ob- The black sage is a small shrub found
d as it has been known to cause in the coast
range
from Monterey
strangury." CDr. V.
Havard,
vide southward to Baja California(?), "culIvor. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 504.) The tivated in
gardens of the Californians,"
Bpecies Dr. Kavard refers to are E. and "valued as
a stimulant"
(Mrs.
antlsyphilitica C. A.
Meyer and E. Bingham).
trifurca Torrey, but the same remarks
/

-

eeem

apply equally well to our CalEDITORIAL.
11
is often used as a
til
titute for tea, and is scarcely disThe Botany of California, finished by
uishable in taste, except for an
Sereno
Watson and published in 18S0,
after-flavor, not unpleasant, reminding

lighl ly of ca tnip
Bne
"a.
is
in through the generosity of gentlemen of
io

ffornian species.

1

1

1

1


39

The West 'American

.

a past generation, uniform with

and as a
part of the state geological survey publi-

Scientist.

jo

84 Graphite.

1

Nos. 72-84 fron the Black Hills, South
cations, marked the commencement of a Dakota, collected by L. W. Stilwell.
new era of botanical activity on the Pa- 85 Malachite.
Ky. Mrs. Lemon.
2
Malachite,
86
cific coast.
San
Pedro
Martias
Mt„
The next decade saw many
Baja Cal. D. K. Allen
additions to the state flora through ihe
6
87 Galena, Opulent mine*
7
labors of a group of collectors who as88 Obsidian, Cantilles Mts. Baja Cal. 2
siduously explored mountain and desert
89 Cinnabar, Baja Cal Mrs. Buckman.4
regions alike.
.'

moved

Orcutt

In 1879 Heman Chandler
with his family from the

Green Mountain
took

part

in

San Di<-go, and
work of exploration,

this

Pringle, the

his life in

Parish

1892

Brothers,

Palmer and many others were especially
active, with

Gray, Greene,

Watson and Vasey
ters

on their

The

£

s

Brandegee,

91

Cement

rock,

Cal.

A.

J.

near boundary, Baja

Thoman.

1

H.

1

7

H.

C. Orcutt,

Cantilles,

Baja Cal.

95 Mica, Enfield N.
1877. 2

96 Biotite,

decade of the 19th century is
noteworthy for the attempted changes 111
nomenclature as prop 3sed by Kuntze,
followed by Coville, Greene. Britton and
last

H. C.

3

92 Tourmaline, Vt. H. N. Rust.
93 Gold ore, San Rafael, Baja Cal.
94 Ilmenite, Plymouth, Vt.
3

the principal wri-

work.

field

spar, Riverside Cal.

Orcutt.

state to

which only ended with
Parry,

Green

90

Canyon

H. C. and C. R. Orcutt July 1884. 3
2
97 Same as 93, San Nicholas mine.
98 Gold and silver ore* 20
22
99 Peacock copper ore, Baja Cal.
100 Dog tooth spar, Black Hills S. D. 1

other, mostly the younger, botanical au-

(To be continued.)

thors.
In the present work the writer avoids
..
n adoption
A
fil
the
or the most of the proposed

«.-.

,

make

changes, aiming to
to Watson's

it

a

supplement

work— with

great

this

.

-

.

,

.

*

.

.

,

,

CATALOG OF MINERALS.
1

74 Limonite.

1

75 Garnet.

WANTED — for cash
7

*

x TTtrn

c

.

•

.

or in exchange:

« u

Baltimore
cactus journal
1
T
Journal 01f mycology
.„
r rf
lllustr. magazine v
Cahlornian
-

•

1

«.

1

,

,

-

^

-

..

.

3 J^eb

Garden
Toirey bot club bulletin
U S Dept Agric bot b 1 3

—

3

76 Malachite.
77 Cymatolite.

— chem b

9 10

n

10 12 18 19 27 32 35-7
1st ser

entom b

1

and many others.

ORCUTT, San Diego,

1

78 Dendrite.

California.

1

79 Pink Feldsp; ir.
80 Talc.
1

TREES.

1

ORCUTT, San

Diego, California.

1

82 Sanidin Trachyte

83 Aphanite.

WANTS
»t

1

73 Andesite.

Breccia.

E.

Science

72 Azurite.

81

NELL philip
STONE, CHARLES

in

view reproducing descriptions
of species
^
F
,.
discovered since 1880
Notes and des.
cnptions of all the plants would have
.
V

been added but for the
expense.
K
,

LIFE SUBSCRIBERS,

,

1

1

stamps!
ORCUTT, San

Diego, California.

,

94


BOTANY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
By Charles Russell
San Diego,

Orcutt.

California.

FLOWERING PLANTS.

4-6 lines long; akenes pubescent, tails 1-2 inches
Abundant along water courses
long, o-m n j
in the foothills and mt up to 600C ft. he 52. da 1

Phsenogamous plants, bearing true fl (having
pistils), and producing seeds which
V. CALIFORNICA Wat.
contain an embryo.
Leaves silky-tomentose beneath, often small^
Class I.— Dicotyledons.
z s— the Sacramento, he 52
Exogenous plants. Stems consisting of a pith
Nutt.
in the center, of hark on the outside, and these CLEMATIS LASIANTHA
bilky-tomentose. stems stout, elongated; fl diseparated by one or more layers of fibrous or
woody tissue, which, when the stem lives from oecious, solitary, on rather stout 1-2-bi acted pedyear to year, increases by iheaddiiion of new uncles; sepals obtuse, thickish. G-10 lines long;
b— Plumas Co.
jayersto the outside next to the bark.
Embryo akenes pubescent.
stamens and

"

usually with 2 opposite cotyledons, or rarely

CLEMATIS PAUCIFLORA

with several in a whorl.

Silky-pubescent; stem rather slender, shortjointed; leaves short & fascicled; leaflets 3-5, only
3-9 lines long, euneate-obovate to cordate, mostly 3-toothed or 4-lobed; fl solitary or few & panicled, on slender pedicels: sepals thin, 4-6 lines
long: akenes glabrous.
sj he52

Subclass

I.-

Angiospermje.

consisting of a closed ovary which contains the ovuk'sand forms the fr
cotyledons 2.
Division i.— Polypetalje.
Petals distinct, or nearly so (.sometimes absent).
Pistil

;

BANTJNCULACEAE.

Genus THALICTRUM Tournefort.

Crowfoot family, herbs or woody vines with
colorless usually anid juice, polypetalus, or
apetalus with the sepals often colored and petajoid; sepal?, petals,

stamens

short: seed anatropous,

fleshy a

bumen:

a-

pistils all distinct;

embryo minute

in firm

stipules none.

Genus CLEMATIS

Limiui'ti*.

Virgin's Bovver: sepals petaioid, colored, valpistils numerous; akenes many
a ate in the bud
in a head
leaves opposite.
g.— Petals 0; sepals a, styles becoming long
;

;

feathery awns in

CLEMATIS LlGUSTICl FOLIA

fr.

Nutt»ll.

Nearly glabrous, stems sometimes 30 ft. long,
leaves 5-foliale, leaflets broadly ovate to lanceolate, l'/4- inches long, acute or acuminate, 3obed roarsely toothed, rarely entire or 3 part
ed,
dioecious, paniculate, sepals thin, silky, w,
;


II

5

Nuttall.

Meadow rue: sepals 4-7, greenish or petaioid:
imbricated in the bud, petals 0, akenes 4-15 in a
head, tipped by the stigma or short style, groved,
ribbed, 01 inflated; ovule suspended; fi in corymbs or panicles; leaves alternate, 2-3-ternately
compound; leaflets stalked.
^
§l.-fl dioecious; anthers linear, acuteor acuminate.

THALICTRUM POLYCARPUM

S.

Wat.

Pat her stout, 2-3 ft high, glabrous: leaves
with short petioles or the upper sessile; leaflets
varhble, xA-\ inch long; lobes acutish to acuminata: panicle narrow, often small, the staminate

usually orowdel on short pedicels: anthers
acute, on very -slender filaments: fr in dense
heads, compressed, broadly oblong-obovatp, or
obovate, abruptly acute, 2^-3 lines long: seed
linear, terete, nearly 3^ inch long, j-o he 54 dal


The West American Scientists

43

//

THALICTRUM OCCLDENTALE

A. Gray
§i.
Batrachium.
Of similar habit as T. polycarpum, leaflets

AQUATILIS Linn,
rather larger, panicles more .-lender and open,
Submerged, finely divided leaves,
thestaminate very diffuse with slender elongated pedicels, styles more attenuate: fr 1-6 in
Vai\
Chaix
each head, narrowly oblong (3-4 lines long) and
c/
A,-/
btems
]on £' coarsely filiform: pedunnarrowed at each end: seed nearly ^ inch long.
c ^ es l ~ 2 ' long: fl 3-5" in ciameter: akenes
b-w
Parish U8i b mts, he 54
%i.— 11 usually perfect: anthers small, elliplic- numerous in a close globular head, which
oblong, obtuse.
is 2~3 // in diameter, b-i.

RANUNCULUS

TRICHOPHYLLUS

'

.

,

i

THALICTRUM SPARSIFLORUM

Turc_

Slender, glabrous, 1-3 ft high, leaves sessile
or nearly so; leaflets hi-\\& inch long, with obtuse often mueronate lobes: panicle loosely
few-flowered; pedicels elongate!; fr-ing heads
nod.ling, the large div ricate akenes strongly
compressed, semi-obovate. shortly pedicellate,
slightly nerved. b-Alaska, Siberia, Utah, Col.

Genus MYOSURUS Linnaeus.
Sepals

i

CyESPITOSUS DC.
Stems short, growing
ments of leaves Simulate
Var.

a

.

,011 2

:

fl

..

ln

diameter,

2— HALODES.

§

i

//

seg-

more

or

,.

.

**"

mud

in

Gray.

j

Like

§

bu-

3,

mature carpels thin-walled and utricular, the sides nervose: scapose and flagelliferous,

spurred at the base; petals 5,
RANUNCULUS CYMBALARIA Pursh.
linear, on a slender claw, with a pit at its
Greenland, Asia, North and ^outh
summit; stamens 5-20; akenes very America.
numerous, crowded on a long and
Euranunculus Gray.
§ 3
slender spike-like receptacle; seed susPetals (with nectariferous pit and scale,
pended. Very small herbs, with a tuft usually yellow) and sepals deciduous,
5,

of linear or spatulate entire radical leaves,
and solitarv flowers on simple scapes. @

Receptacle

in fruit

-Perennial by rooting from the nodes

slender, 1-2

inches

Greene.

Mesas,

Var FILIFORMIS Greene.

Receptacle

2-3" long;

in fruit

bio

s.

oblong or

linear,

long-beaked: less
Utah; Chili; mesas, s.

Genus raiunculi'S Linnaeus.

Flammula
Reptans

Var.

numerous; akenes in a
head, usually flattened, beaked with the
pistils

L.

E. Meyer,.

Southern California (Parish 996).
* Thickened-fibrous
and fascicled
erect or
ter
restial:
stems
short,
rootS;
assurge nt, not rooting from nodes above
ground; mature akenes turgid and with
introrsely

Idaho-Ca.

or

apical

Crowfoot: sepah usually 5; petals 3-15, subulate beak,
each with a small scale or pit at the base RANUNCULUS
inside;

G.

Southern California east of the Sierra

*

21.

akenes

than i ; high.

RANUNCULUS HYDROCHAROIDES
R.

s.

Mesas,
Gay.

MYOSURUS APETALUS
M aristatus Blh [vide G Torr cl

ding stems, wholly fibrous rooted.

(Kellogg), z

apparently indigenous in California.

APUS

not transversely

of creeping or the lower nodes of ascen-

Widely distributed
Europe, Asia, Australia and America;

Var.

nerveless,

'

Linn.

long: akenes blunt.
in

sides
ru ^ se

Sill J 1:879

MYOSURUS MINIMUS
M. shortii Rafine^que in

the

R.

subapical

rather

ALISMAEFOLIUS

bolanderiGeCa acb

^J:58

Gyr.

fide G.

f Heads of carpels in fruit oblong or
Herbs, mostly peren- cylindraceous;
akenes more turgid,
nial, of somewhat varied habit; fl cither rounded, or at least obtuse on the back,

solitary or somewhat corymbed.
RANUNCULUS ESCHSCHOLTZII Schl.
The section Batrachium is treated as a genus
uncinate> rej
t j
p t^
bvDasiniu in n bot studies 460, the 2 followj
broad
ovary,
than
the
ing varieties being referred to Btrichophyllum curved, shorter

persistent style.

.

.

vi

,

Boischprod

fl

bot

5.

and

,

1

1

flat.

L


The West American

45

RANUNCULUS CANUS

Benth.

b mts. (Parish 1542).
X Lax or weak stemmed,

petals 6-15

i

Benth.

Erect or nearly so, 12-18 in. high, more or less
pilose: radical leaves commonly pinnately ternate, leaflets laciniately 3-7 lobed: flu 5-10 lines
in diam. with 10-14 narrowly obovate petals, &
shorter reflexed sepals: akenes much flattened.
with sharp edges, nearly 2 lines long; beak short
* curved: heads compact, ovate or globular.
This Californian buttercup is the most abun-

dant species of the ger us in the state, 'where
low gra°sy hills are often y-llow wiih the shiningflsin early spring.'

LATILOBUS

Var.

The common,

ed several-seeded
Glabrous perennial
with 2-3-ternately

RANUNCULUS CALIFORNICUS

'

46

becoming point-

ovaries several-ovuled,

herbage hirsute or pubescent.

j

Scientist,

Cuyamaca mountains,
Gray.

leaflets lobed;

robust foim.

branching

compound

fruit.

herbs,

leaves,

the

showy, terminating the

branches,

A q UIIjEGIA TRUNCATA Fisch. & Mey.
Genus DELPHINIUM Tournefort.
Larkspur: Cal. species are

showy

fl:

sepals

5,

all

perennial with

colored, petaloid, very

ir-

regular, the upper one prolonged backwards
at the base into a long spur petals 2-4, irregular; stamens many, pistils 1-5; fr of 1-5 dehiscent, many seeded follicles. Erect herbs,
:

with

palmately-cleft.

leaves,

and racemose

*Blue

more

coarse-leaved,

fl

in

follicles

(at least

dissected

lobed, or

fl.

not red)

fl.

DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA
DELPHINIUM DECORUM

Linn.

Fisch-Mey.
blue fl, js
indigo
Jark
handsome
Very
Slender, 3-18 in.
lower leaves ternate or 3-parter leaflets cuneate north to Mendocino county,
at base & 2-3-lobed, upper ones more divided: DELPHINIUM PARISHII
A. Gray.
akenes few, papillose-scabrous,
with hooked DELPHINIUM PARRYI
A Gray.

RANUNCULUS HEBFCAPPUS

Hook. & Arn.
high, erect or procumbent:
1

,

hairs: fls minute, petals 5, aline or less long.
Var. PUSILLUS S. Wats., Bot Calif, j, 9. 1880.
'Stems very slender r ri ii form, weak & ascending or proi umbeut, 3-6 in. long: leaves reuiform

DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX Dough
DELPHINIUM VARIEGATUM T. & G

<

crenately

5-

lobed or parted.'— Watson.

Rbongarm Ge

Erythea3:54
Or d— reported by Rose.

Var douglasii Davis

like, falling

i-epals 4-6, nearly
fl'

f-arly.

mens numerous.
2 1ooed.

equal, petal>mall
gta-

P. -tabs 4-10,

Pistils

.

single; st'gma sessile,

Fruit a mauy-.-eeded

Seeds
smooth, flattened, packed horizontally iu2rows.
Perennial herbs, wilh 2-3-ternately compound
leaves.
Boot usually tuberous or thickened.
Fls in a terminal short raceme.
Species perhaps 2, belonging io (he cooler regions of the
l^orthern llemisohere.'— Wats Bot. Cabf. i, 12.

ACTAEA SPICATA
Var

*

ROUT A

DELPHINIUM CARDINALE

C

ilif

Hook.

high, stout, nearly glabrous:
leaves large, 5-7-lobed nearly to the base, the
divisions deeply 3-5-cleft with narrow longacuminate segments: fls bright scarlet with

ew _15

ft.

yellow center, large, produced in showy panQuite hardy.
i C les.

Gi-nus PAEONIA Linnaeus.
PAEONIA BROWNII Dougl.

PAEONIA CALIFORNICA Nutt
foothills] d b— usually distributed

— perhaps running together,
Genus*

Linn.

T< rrey.

A. argn ta Nutt.— Rare in

den us

berry.

Torr-Gray.

%-i° high or more; Mendocino county
jv

Genus ACTAEA Linnaeus.
'Baneberry.

**Red flowered.

DELPHINIUM NUDICAULE

da

CROSSOSOMA

1,

as brownil

cv

4 58

Nuttall.

C.

B1GELOV1I

A.

Genus ANEMONE Linnaeus.
MULTIFIDA l'C.

.— Alaska.

AQUILEGIA T«urnefort.

Watson.

Columbine: sepals 5, regular, colored
and petal-like deciduous. Petals 5, all

BEItBEKJDACEAE.
Genus BERBERIS Linnaeus.
alike, with a short, spreaiing- lip, and
BERBERIS
DICTYOTA Jepson.
produced back wards into a long tubular

b

r

™n.

the
- "T erous
long & exserted,
inner ones

onts
reduced

ssss
r;
BERBERIS PINNA TA

to thin

slender;

BERBERIS REPENS

s,;

'

the

scales; pistils

5;

styles

y

Lagasca.

Iindl.


The West American Scientist

47

4S

CANBYA CANDIDA

SARRACENIACEAE.
DARLINGTON 1A CALIFORNICA

Torrey
'Calf s bead,' a striking perennial of curious
aspect, the only representative of the family in
t'alif.
Of a gieenish yellow hue, bearnga
nodding purplish fl. One of the Pitcher plants,
noted for its alluring insects to their death

Parry.
Scarce an inch high, densely branched, the
somewhat fleshy leaver & short branches closely crowded, lis w, petals 2 lines ion «,; named in

honor
pr

of

William M. Canny or mj
D 1876) Wat hot c a 2 429.
.

GAmao-

2:51 t 1 (27

Genus ROMNEYA Harvey.
ROMN.EYA COULTERI Harvey. The

PAPAVERACEAE.

he

55

Giant,

white flowering, bush poppy.
CALIFORNICUM Gray.
Half-hardy shrub, 6-15 it. high, branching
Greene. and flexuons, woody at base: leaves glaucous,
Greene.
thickish, petioled, 8-5 in. long, the lower ones

HBTE ROPHYLL.tr .M Ge.
pirinatifid, upper ones pinnately toothed;
petioles and margins often sparingly ciliate
Genus PLATYSTEBION Bentliani.
with rigid spinose bristles: the magnificent
PLATYSTEMON CRINITUS Ge.
wax-like lis. 6-9 in. across; petals broadly
'Subacaulesoent, the fol-i ige, scapifirm ped- obovate
filaments
in. long, bright yellow,
uncles, & the calyx densely ennitc-hirsute wi'ih purple
at base
capsule oblong. 1-2 in. long,"
w soft spreading hairs 3 or 4 lines long: fl buds obscurely many angled, hispid with appressexactly globose: corolla an inch broad,
e pet- ed bristles and crowned
with the persisteni
als deep gr>enish y,
marcescent-persistent: stigmas: seeds black, a line or less long. Mastamens innumerable: filaments widely dila- tilija poppy, named in honor of Dr. T. Romte!: carpels many, the short lorulose p"ds' wey Robinson,
a noted astronomer, he 55
scarcely longer than the persistent linear stigGenus
(entliani.
mas. '-G* pitt 2 13. Kern county

PAPAVER
PAPAVER HETEROPHYLLUM
PAPAVER LEMMONI
PAPAVER

%

:

:

t.'

PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUS

Bnth.

Slender branching annual, 2-12 in high, villous with spreading hairs: leaves 3-4 in. long,
sessile or clasping, broadly linear, obtuse: peduncles 3-8 i
long, erect: sepals vi lous: pe'a^s
de Late sulphur yellow, shading to orange in
the center, 3-6 lines long: carpels 6-25, aggregated int an oblong head, smooth or somewhat
hiiry, 5-1 lines long, beaked with the
linear
persistent, stigmas the 1-seeded divisions a line
long: seeds smooth. Cal e 'Cream-cups' by the
children
Souther tbah, Ariz na, Mehdoc no
county to San ''iesro, & p.ajn Calif, Roo.or.ro).
,.

PLATYSTIGMA
PLATYSTIGMA CALIFORNICUM

-•PL

Greene Bull. T-.-ney Club, xiii. 218.

Bu i. Calif. Acad. Sci.i. 389. My. 28,
tt
anta ru Isi-nd. ho 55.
PLATYSTIGMA LINEARE Benth.

i

PLATYSTEMON DENTICULATUS Gne.
Genms DENDROMECON Bentnam.

DENDROMECON FLEXILE
Greene Bui .Torrey club,
Bull. Calif. Acad, Sci

Greene.

xiii. 21.6.
i,

389:

plentiful
els anee

from fie shore

'

he55

DENDROMECON HARFORDII Kellogg.
DENDROMECON RIGIDUM Benth.
high, numerous slender
branches, baric whitish: leaves ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, very acute or mucronate, sessile or nearly so; twisted upon the
base so as to become vertical, reticulately
veined, margin rough or denticulate flowers
bright yellow, 1-3 in. in cliam. on pedicels 1-4
in. long: capsules curved, attenuate above
into the short stout style, l%-2% in. long:
seeds V/, lines long.

Shrub

2-8

M.

fc.

:

Genus MECOIOPSIS
T1ETEROPMYM-A B nth

Vig-uier.

MECONELLA DENTICULATA

Greene.
high: radical leaves entire, the

laminal portion rhombic-ovate, acutish:
cauline spatulate to linear, obtuse, sharply denticulate: petals narrowly oblong, 2"
long: stamens 6-9. Temecula Canon, north
of San Luis Rey, in San Diego county,
Cal., March 27, 1SS5, by
the writer."—
Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., ii. 59 (Mar.
"3-10'

-Santa Cruz

bushy hillsides everywhere: quite
on the northward s'ope at no great

Island, 'on

1887:.

'

)

I

B.-H.

AT* STIGMA DENTICUti^TJAJ Greene.

6,

1886).

ARGEMONE Linnaeus.
ARGEMONE CORYMBOSA Greene.
ARGEMONE HISPIDA A. Gray.
Genius

Is

A

platyceras L.

&

C.

ARGEMONE MEXICANA Linn.
ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS L. &

O.

Genus ESCHSCHOLTZIA Chain.
ESCIISCHO LTZI A GL A.TJQA

Ge.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA MARIT1MA Ge.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA CAESPITOSA Bth.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA GLYPTOSPERM A Ge.

"Wholly glabrous and very glaucous: stems
very short: leaves much dissected, but shoit


The West American

49

and compact:

scape-like peduncles numerous, inches high, terete, and rather stout:
corolla as in [E. tenuilblia], but of a deeper
yellow, seeds not reticulate, but deeply pitted
and of an ash-gray color. A most peculiar
species, collected in 1884, by Mrs. Uurran, on
the Mohave Desert. The seeds are remarkably unlike those of any other known Eschscholtzia."— Ge Ca ac b 1:70 (7 Mr 1885).

ESCHSCHOLTZIA MEXICAN A
"Annual, smootn and glaucous

:

Greene.
foliage less

finely dissected [than E. californica and E
peninsularis] stems short: peduncles numerous, stout and scape-like: petals an inch lor g,
yellow or cream color: torus short, obconical,
the outer margin a sub-cartilaginous ring,
the inner erect, scarious, with stout nerves:

seed globular, apiculate, with coarse but rathE. Californica, var.
er faint reticulations
parvula. Gray. PL Wright, 2.10. E. Douglasii, Torr. Mex. Bound. 3.1; Hemsl. Biol. Cent.
Am. This plnnt ranges from tne region of
the upper Gila, in New Mexico, far south:

—

Scientist.

50

erose- or simiate-toothed, or, in later flowers,
deeply 3 lobed, pale y; stamens 8 in 2 rows on

opposite sidesof the

pistil, or, in lale

4

fis,

only;

anthers V£ lhie long, on slender filaments aline
in length pod 2 inches long, narrow, the valves
thin: seeds globular, minute, reticnla'e; cotyledons very narrowly oblanceolate, entire. Collected by 8. B Parish in l Je 18h7 (No. 1951)— Ge
Httonia 1:169 6 'a 8S8>.
''

ESCHSCHOLTZIA PARISHII

Greene.
"Annual, slender, less than 1° high,
glabrous and glaucous: stems simple or
sparingly branched:
peduncles terete,
very slender: torus turbinate, no spreading rim, the

margins similar and ap-

2

proximate:
petals
widely
spreading,
broad and overlapping each other, apparently light y. fr. not seen."— Greene,
Bull. Cai. Acad. Sci., i. 183 (Aug. 29, 1885).
ESCHSCHOLTZIA PENINSULARIS Gn.
"Annual, smooth and glaucous, slender,
:

erect, much more branched that E, Caliand adjacent Mexico, and is fornica, with corollas of 1-3 the size and
apparently a very good species."— Ge Ca ac more broadly campanulate: rim of torus
b 1:69 (7 Mr 188')).
broader in proport'on, the inner margin

ward

into Texas

A rank-growing Esehscboltz'a growing in
the Sun Rafael valley, Lower California, with
large reddish-orange colored flowers, was
doubtfully referred to this by Prof. Greene.
E.

LEMMONI

Greene.

"Annual, 6-1

/'

with

high,

a very short, nerveless, hyaline ring; seed
slightly elongated and distinctly apiculate
at each end, reticulations less regularly
favose." — Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., i.
68-9 (Mar. 7, 1885); 1. c. 183.

numerous ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA Chm.

ascending branches, leafy below, hoarv

pubescent throughout, even to the cap
sules, with short spreading white haiis;
leaves with elongated petioles; peduncles stoutish, quadrangular, the earliest

ESCHSCHOLTZIA MINUTIFLORA

3-4^ long,
nearly glabrous, constricted just below

Ge Torr el b 13: 217.
& o nadalu pe Islands.

Bcapiform; torus

urceolate,

the narrow, erect hyaline border;
tra ovate,

uously hairy; petals orange-color, nearly

long."

Am

Ag

Sci.

iii,

157.

— Greene.

West

Mountains of

1887.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA MODESTA

Greene.

'Annual, very sleuder and diffusely branching, aio 'thigh glabrous and in ide'r-itely glauc .us; lea ves im II, vvi h few & narrow segments:
pedin
axillary, *tn inch long or more, terete &
!;• slender, nodding In
the bud; bud 2 lines
|»ng, the i/erinanent portion (torus with no
rim, nearly as long as the broadly ovate calyptia: corolln
otate-Hpre>iding, % inch bcoad;
petals obovate, not meeting, im rounded apex
1

-.

1

i

<

r

1

form; the

.

s

plant

is

peninsula-

ris.

Distinguished by

ESCHSCHOLTZIA

S.

W

small Ms: e.
RAMOSA Greene.
Ca ac b 2: 389. Sant;i Cruz
i;s

FUMARIACEAE.
Tender herbs, with watery and bland
juice, dissected

compound

leaves, & per-

hypogynous

fis with
the
except the diadelphous
stamens, which are 6; ovary and capsule

fect irregular

parts in

San Luis Obispo county.

-

§>

calyp-

long acuminate, very conspic-

br quite an inch

The

twos,

i-celled wilh 2 parietal placenta?:
etc. as in

seeds,

Papaveraceee-

CjieiiiiH

DICENTRA

Borkli.

Corolla flattened, heart-shaped

or

2-

spurred at the base.

DICENTRA CHRYSANTHA
Dielytra chrysantha H.

&

Bikukulla chrysantha Cv

H. & A.
A. Bot Beech 320.
4:00.


The West American

§i

Pale A glaucous, 2-5 feet high: leaves
twice pinnate, the larger a toot long or

Scientist,

ARABIS HOLBOELII

Horn,

ATHYSANUS PUSILLUS Ge.
Genus CAULANTHUS W:itson.
more; the divisions cleft into a few narrow lobes: racemose panicle terminal, 1 CAULANTHUS AMPLEXICAULIS Wat.
-2 ft long: sepals caducous: corolla lin- CAULANTHUS COULTERI Wat.

CAULANTHUS CRASSICAULIS Wat.
ear-oblong or clavate, bright rich lemon CAULANTHUS
INFLATUS Wat.
y, over % inch long, base slightly cor- CAULANTHUS PILOSUS Wat.
date: capsuie oblong-ovate or narrower- CAULANTHUS PROCERUS Wat,
CAULANTHUS GLANDULOSC S Hook.
Lake county-j
Genus TROPIBOCARPUM Hooker.
DICENTRA OCHROLEUCA Engelm
l

fl

T.

GRACILE

T.

DUBIUM

T.

Genus THELYPODIUM Endl.
INTEGRIFOLIUM Endl.
LASIOCARPUM Greene.

wl.ite.

CEXJCIEEKAE.

Genus ALYSSl'M Tournefort.

ALYSSUM MARITIMUM

T.

Lam.

Lobulariamaritima Desv. 'sweet

alyssurrr'

often cultivated for its fragrant fls., a native
of the Mediterranean region in Europe, now
widely naturalized in California.

Genus DRAB A Linnaeus.
.DRABA CORRUGATA Wat.
DRABA DOUGLASS!! G.
DRABA UN1LATERALIS Jones.

DRABA CUNEIFOLIA
V.

Hook.

Dav.

V. inalieoum Robinson.

STENOPETALUM.

T.

r

T. VV

Watson.

RIGHTII Gray.

Genus NASTURTIUM R. Brown.
CURVISILIQUA Nuttall,

N.

V. laevis

Watson

V lyratum Watson

Nutt.

INTEGRIFOLIA Wat.
Genus CARDASONE Linnaeus.

CARDAMINE INTEGRIFOLIA Gray.
LESQUERELLA PALMERI S. Watson.

V. filipes G.
N. OFFICINALE R. Br.
N.OBTUSUM Nuttall
V. sphaerocarpum Watson

L.
L.

Genus LEPIDIUM Linnaeus,.
BIPINNATIFIDUM Desv.
DIcHTYOTUM Gray

"Pubescence
dense,
stellate-lepidote; V. acutidens Gray.
caudex simple, apparently biennial, the L FLAVUM Torrey
simple stems 1° high or more: basal leaves L. FREMONTH Watson.
narrowly oblancenlate. repand, the cau- L. LASIOCARPUM Nuttall
line narrower and mostly entire: petals V. tenuipes Watson
3"
pubescent, L. INTERMEDIUM Gray
pods
long-:
spatulate,
ovate-globose to broadly ellipsoidal, erect L. LAP IPES Hook.
on long spreading or ascending pedicels;
style as long as the pod; cells 2-4-ovuied.
Lower California
Arizona. (Palmer, 1872)

;

(C.

Am.

R. Orcutt, 1884)."— S. Watson,
Acad., xxiii. 255 (May 29, 1888).

Proc.

Genus ARABIS Linnaeus.
ARABIS ARCUATA G.
V.

LONG I PES Wat.
BECK WITH II

ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS
ARABIS

F1LIFOLIA

Ge.
C.

A. Meyer.

PARISHII Wat.

PERENNANS

Wat.

PERFOLIATA Lam.

PLATYSPERMA G.
PULCHRA Jones.
REPANDA Wat.

MEDIUM

L.

NITIDUM

Greene

'

Nuttall

DENTARIA CALIFORNICA

DITITYR kEA WISLIZENI

Nu(t.

E.

Genus CHEIRANTHUS Linnaeus.
CHEIRANTHUS ASPER C. & S.
Genus BARBAREA R. Brown.

BARBAREA VULGARIS
V. ARCUATA Fries.

Wat.

LUDOVICTANA

L.

R. Br.

V. GLABRIOR Rob.
BISCUTELLA CALIFORNICA
Is

B.

& H.

Dithynea wislizeni E

Genus CAPSELLA Moencli.
CAPSELLA DIVAR1CATA Walp.
CAPSELLA KURSA-PASTORIS Medic.
CAPSELLA ELL1PTICA C. A. Meyer.


The West American

Xi

54

Scientist.

CISTACEAE.

Ceinis IJRAS'SICA Linnaeus.

BKASSIOA ADPRES3A Boiss.
PRASSICA ALBA Boiss.
BRASSICA CAMPESTIS L.

Genus

HELIAMTHEMCM

Tournefort.

I G reene

II
ALI)
H. (JRKENEI Rob.

E K SO S

.

BIlASrICA NIGRA Koch.
H. Occident ale Ge.
Genus SISYMBRIUM Linnaeus.
HELIANTHEMUM SCOPARIUM Nutt.
da2
SISYMBRIUM CANE-CENS Nutt.
VIOLACEAE.
da2
SISYMBRIUM iucisum E.
V. HARTWEGIANUM Wat,
Genus VIOLA Linnaeus.
SISYMBRIUM REFLEXUM Nutt. Ore
CHRYSANTHA Hook.
VIOLA
SISYMBRIUM ACUTANGULU.vl DC. da 2 VIOLA PEDUNCULATA T. & G.
cv 4 63
SISYMBRIUM DIEFUSUM G.
YIOLA LOB AT A Bentham
SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE Scap. da-i

Genusi

ERYSIMUM

Var. integrifolia Watson
Kellogg.
V. prsemorsa bougl. is said to be an older

VIOLA AUREA

Linnaeus.

ERYSIMUM ASPERUM DC. da 2 Or d
ERYSIMUM GRANDIFLORU.YL Nutt.
ERYSIMUM INHULARE Ge.
STANLEYA PINNATIFIDA

N Y

pinnataBritton

r.

ac

name,

VIOLA B LAS! PA illd.
VIOLA PURPUREA Kellogg.
""•

Nutt. da2

tr 8:62.

Cv

4:04

Genus STREPTAKTHUS Nuttall.
STREPPANTHUS CAMPEsTRIS Wat.
ST R E PTA N THUS H E T E ROP Y LL U S N utt
STREPl'ANTHUS LONGIKOSTKlS Wat.
LYitOCA RPA C )U LTEtll H & H.
L. PALMERl Watson
da 2
BAPHAN US SA V S L.
.

'

I

R laphaiiistrura L
THYSANOCAK.Pl

Genus POLYGALA Tonrrefort.
POLYGALA CALIFORNICA Nutt.

i

Genus KRAMERIA Linnaeus.
KRAMERIA CANESCENS A. Gray.

KRAMERIA PARVIFOLIA Benth.

I.

Wild radish, a bad weed.
S

CONCHL'LIFKRUS

Ge.

V. plabiusculus Robinson.
T.

POLYGALACEAE.

cURVIPLS Hook.

Ord

V. elegans Kobinson.

FEAISTXENIACEAE.
Genus FRASKE'NIA liinnaeus.
FRANKENIA GRANDIPOLIA C. &
V campestris

FRANKENIA PALMERI

Greene

P SiLLUS hooker.
T. L Ad MAT US Nuttall.
V CKE>A ITS iir.

V. puichellus

Liiiiiaenp.

CLEOME INTEGRIFOLIA Nutt.
Gcsuis C1KOMELLA De Cunuolle.
BREvjp,

s VYatson

C.

OocARPA

PAIiVLLOr.A Gray

Gray.

Genua ISOMJERIS
I.

Nuttall.

sa ov

Genus WISL1ZENIA Eu^clmann.

W.

HE KAclA Rngelmann.

W.

PALMER

1

-

I

Gray

BESADACEAE.
Genus

S.

COXTCA

L.

L.

SILENA ANTIRRHINA Linn.
SI LENA CALIFORNICA Dur.
SILENA LACINIATA Cav.

SILENA MULT1NERVIA S. Watson.

most

AKROItl A NultalJ

V. glob>

S.

TALLICA

sparingly
"Annual, erect,
branched,
glandular-pubescent, about 1° high: leaves
linear to linear-oblong, acute, the lower-

COrtTUSI' OLIA T-G.
C.

Watson.

Genus SILENA Linnaeus.

CAPPAEIDACEAE.

C.

S.

CARYQPHYLLACEAE.

T.

Genus C LEO MIS

S.

<•«.

oLiGO.\n<:i!« us

OL1GOMERIS SUBULATA

Camuess.
Boiss.

narrowly

oblanceolate,

1-2'

long:

dichotomously
cymose;
bracts linear: calyx, narrowly ovate, 20-25
nerved, 5'-ti" long, the acuminate teeth

inflorescence

usually p. -tipped; petals purplish, scarcely equalling the calyx, without appendages or auricles, emarginate: filaments
glabrous, included: capsule nearly sessile,
olilona'-ovate, included: seeds minute, tuberculate, not crested. Found near Jamul,
San Diego County, by C. R. Orcutt, in
April, 1885, and on the island of Santa
Cruz, California, by T. S. Brandegee, in


The West American

55
1888,"— S. Watson, Proc.

Am.

Acad., xxv.

126-7 CRpnt. 25. 1K9(V>.

PALMERI

SILEx^A

SILENA PLATYOTA

S.
S.

Watson.
Watson.

CERASTIUM NUTANS

H. K.
Orcutt.
In February, 1899, the writer collected some small plants of the "curio
tree, near the gold mines at CalmaJlL
Lower California; May 2, 1900, the last
two were planted in the ground in
Han Diego, having been in a box during

FOIIQUIERA GIGANTEA

Raf.

TRIVIALK Lnk.

Nl-i

EN6

'

AUttali

Genus ARENARIA Linnaeus,.
ARENARIA ALSINOIDES Willd.

ARENARIA DOUGLASII T. & G.
ARENARIA MACRADENIA Watson.
ARENARIA MACROPHYLLA Hook.
SAPONARIA VACCARIA Linn.
Sagina occidentalis Wat

Torr.

Genus FO'l^UIE'RA H.

CERASTIUM VISCOSUM Linn.
Genus STELLARIA Linnaeus.
STELLARIA MEDIA Linn.
IS

Genus LEWISIA Pursli.
LEWISIA BRACHYCALYX Engtrlm.
LEWISIA REDtVIVA Pursh.

SPRAGUEA UMBELLATA

Genus CE'RASTIUM Linnaeus.
C,

5*

Scientist.

da

w

3

Genus LEPIGONUM Fries.
LEPIGONUM GRACILE Watson.
LEPIGONUM MACROTHEOUM F. & M
LEPIGONUM MEDIUM Pries.

Genus POLYCARPOJfi Linnaeus.

POLYCARPON DEPRESSUM

,

Nutt.

be handled without gloves. The delicate, starry net work of snowy- white
spines over the green plant gives it a
very beautiful appearance.

Genus LOEF'LINGIA Linnaeus.

LOEPLINGIA SQUARROSA

the interim; the longest branchlets on
one of these was over a foot long and
last
bearing green foliage when at
planted in the ground. As there is no

natural rainfall for two or three years
at a time in the region where it grows,
it is naturally well adapted to survive
a long continued drouth; it is one of
the most curious productions of the
plant world, forming a tree often over
30 or 40 feet high, resembling a great
Dr.
carrot with its roots in the air.
Albert Kellogg named it Idria Colamnaria; later it was recognized as belonging to the genus Fouquiera. The
mushroom cactus, found in Texas, resembles a silk-covered button, and can

Nutt.

ILLECEBRACEAE.
Genus PESTACAEIA Bartling-.
FOUQUIERA SPLENDENS Engelm.
PENTACAENA RAMOSISSIMA H. & A.
ELATINACEAE.
Genus AOHYRONYCHIA Tor. & Gr.
Genus ELATINE Linnaeus.
ACHYRONYCHTA COOPERI T. & G.
ELATINE AMERICANA Arn.
ELATINE BRACHYSPERMA Gray.
POXtTTJLACACEAE.
E.

Genus PORTULACA Tonrnefort.

PORTULACA OLERACEA

Genus CAjuANDRINIA K.

C.

EL EG AN

IS

K.
Watson.

B.

S.

Nutt.

Hook.

Wpach

da

Genus CLAYTONIA Linnaeus.

CLAYTONIA
CLAYTONIA
CLAYTONIA
CLAYTONIA

Genus BERGIA Linnaeus.
BERGIA TEXANA Seubert.

Linn.

CALANDRINIA BREWERI
CALANDRINIA MARITIMA
CALANDRINIA MENZIE3II
CHAMISSONIS
EXIGUA T. &

PARVIFLORA
PERFOLIATA

California or Spanish lettuce; ey 4

Esch.
G.

Dougl.

Don.
da 3,
Dougl.

72,

j

CALIF RN'lcA Gray

3

HYPEBJCACEAE.
Genus HYPERICUM Linnaeus.
HYPERICUM ANAGALLOIDES C.-S.
HYPERICUM SCOULERI Hook.
MALVACEAE.
Genus MALVA Linnaeus.
M parviftoraL (borealis Wallm)
M rotundifolium G Or s

da

3

cv4

CLAYTONIA SPATHULATA
Genus SIDALCEA A. Gray.
Genus CAL YPTKIJ3ILM Nuttall.
SIDALCEA MALVAEFLORA A. Gray.
CALYPTRIDIUM MONANDRUM Nutt. SIDALCEA NEOMEXICANA A. Gray.
CALYPTR1DIUM PARRYI A Gray.
SIDALCEA PEDATA A. Gray.

78

The West American

57
S delphinifolia

(

V humilis Ge

as long as the petioles and mostly jointed
near the base or the lower above the mid-

da3

e

5S

Scientist.

da'}

da 3

Modiola aroliniana Don.
(

broadly ovate, acute;
orange, 6-9" long: calyx
carpels

10,
villous-pubescent;

calyx-lobes

dle:

MALVASTRUM A. Gray.
MALVASTRUM DENSIFLORUM S. W.
MALVASTRUM EXILE A. Gray.
Genus

bright

corolla

and

fr.

4"
3-seeded,
short-beaked,
abruptly
long, about equalling the calyx. On Todos
M FasCICULATuM Ge da 3
Santos Bay, Lower California, by C. C.
MALVASTRUM FREMONTII Torr.
MALVASTRUM MARRUBIOIDES D.-H, Parry, January, 1883, and at Tia Juana, by
MALVASTRUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM A.G. C. R. Orcutt, in May of the same year."—

Proc. Am. Acad., xx. 357
S. Watson,
MALVASTRUM THURBERI A. Gray.

Genus SPHAERALCEA

N. Hilaire.

S.

SPHAERALCEA AMBIGUA A. Gray.
SPHAERALCEA EMORYI Torr.
SPHAERALCEA FREMONTII Torr.

(Feb.

21,

1885).

ABUTILON CRISPUM
ABUTILON LEMMONI
"Perennial,

the

Sweet.

Watson.
half-woody

high, hoary throughS.

stout

branching stems 1-2°
out with a very dense short stellate
"Perennial (?), 60-90 cm high, with dense,
pubescence,
its stellate character scarcestellate pubescence througeout; leaves thickperceptible
on the calyx: leaves corfr
with
ish, ovate, entire or somewhat 3 lobed,

OROUTfll

S.

Rose.

acute

slightly cordate or truncate base, obtuse; lis
glomerate clusters, on short or

date

long, with ovate
long racemes; calyx 4
long brick-red; s .vies clayate, thickened; carpels 12, reniform, strongly
reticulated except the minute terminal por,.

r
vi!wf.,i
Collected
diameter, 1-seeded.
tion,
1
N
1890, by
nearCarriso [not Canso] creek, e,
This species, although referred
Or (No. 2-210).
|o Sphseralcea, can hardly be kept out of Maibe carpel is more like that of the
Ireopsis.
latter genus than of any other known species,

usually Y or less (sometimes 2') long,
about equalling or shorter than the slenpetioleS; gli htl
er aboye pe _
duncles axillary, solitary, shorter than
the leaves, joined near the top: calyx
with broadly ovate acute lobes; corolla

Ismail, in close,
lobes; petals 8

2mm m

mm

mm

'

.

,

.

.

,

'i

i yet very similar to those of S coulter! and S
ealifornica " Ro*e na nb eont 1 289

SPHAERALCEA SULPHUREA
1!

EDERACEA

y.

^

3-seeded, equalling or a

T

t;

lous: leaves densely
ty

and

thai

on

whitish,

soft-tomentose, veiround-cordate, acute,

round' d basal Lobes overlapping, un-

equally

Watson,
Acad., xx. 357-8 (Feb.

21,

Proc.

1885).

AL I P'U RN ca T orrey
Fn-montodendron californicum Cv

F. c

4:74.

AYENIA PUSILLA Linn.
LINACEAE.
Genusi

LTNFM Linnaeus,

LINUM PERENE

Linn.

Z YG OPH YLL ACE AE.

i

•'Woody at base, the herbaceous stems
-v
high, pubescent and somewhat vil-

tlifi

exceeding

little

A. Gray.

Watson.

Genus AIHiTlLOX Touirnefort.
A K T LO N A LANTI ACU M S. Wats.
-

9,

carpels
pubescent,

long):

(3-4''

acute, 4-5" long, finely

STERCULIACEAE.
Genus FREMOKTIA Torrey.

Gen (is JII15LSCUS Linnuens.
HIBISCUS DENUDATUS Benth.

I

.

about

Am.

or

blade

the

Wat.

S.

Genus LAV ATlWliA Linnaeus.

I

dentate,

-

or orange, small

A. Gray.

HORSFORDIA NEWBERRYI
HORSFORDIA PALMERI S.

cordate-lanceolate,

^

G en us SID A Linnneus.
felDA

to

slightly acuminate,

serrate,
petioles:

,..,,.,
Vz-V-fc
fl.

villous-pubsecent

,

broad,
,

,

shorter

axillary and solitary,
pedicels,

which are

GeniiH TRIMULIJS Linnaeus.

TRIBULUS GRANDIFLORUS B. &
TRIBULUS MAXIMUS Linn.
cJei.iis FAGONfA Limia
FAGONIA CALIFORNICA Benth.
Genus LAIMUEA. Car.

LARREA MEXICANA

Moric.

H.


The West American

59

GEB.ANIAGEAE.
Geims GERANIUM Linnaeus.
GERANIUM CAESPITOSUM James.
GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM Linn.
Genus ERODIUM L'Herit.
ERODIUM CICUTARIUM L'Herit.
ERODIUM MACROPHYLLUM H. &
ERODIUM MOSCHATUM L'Herit.
ERODIUM TEXANUM A. Gray.
Limnanthes douglasii

K,

da

Br

Scientist.

6o-

CONDALIA SPATHULATA A. Gray.
Genus ADOLPHIA Meisner.
ADOLPHIA CALIFORNICA S. Watson.
Genus CEANOTHUS Linnaeus.
CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS Nutt.
A.

4

CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS Nutt. "Deerbrush," a beautiful flowering shrub, with delicate blue flowers.

CEANOTHUS INTEGERRIMUS H.&
CEANOTHUS ORCUTTII Parry.

A.

"Branches flexible, dull reddish, with
short, h spid pubescence; leaves petiolate,

Genus OXALIS Linnaeus.
.

OXALIS CORN1CULATA

Linn.
Fls lemon y, veined with crimson, near the
center on back of petals & cal\ x deeply tinged with carmine.
s j

OXALIS OREGANA
OXALIS WRIGHTII

Nutt.
A. Gray.

RTJTACEAE.
Genus PTE'LEA Linnaeus.
P.

APTERA

Parry.

Or j

Genus THAMXOSMA Tw-rey.
THAMNOSMA MONTANUM Torr.
Genus Ci\EOmDIUM Hooker,

CNEORIDIUM DUMOSUM

Hook.

f.

El'JfOWYMUS

EUONYMUS PARISHII

To-urnefort.
Trelease.

EMMIACEAE.
Torr.

RHAMNUS

Linnaeus.

RHAMNUS CALIFORNICA
RHAMNUS CROCEA Nutt.

da
C spinosa Nutt
C oliganthus Nutt
C megacarpus Nutt

A.

C

crassifolius Ivutt

4

cv

da

4

da
4 78,

4

da

4,

(

r

f,8

b

C V-ESTITUSGe.
habit:
"Near C. cuneatus, & like it in size
leaves & branchleis ashy-tomentulose, the for-

mer

opposite, coriaceous, subscssile, 4-8 lines

long, round-obovate, obtuse or retuse, some-

Parry's lotus or jujube is found in
gravelly ravines near San Felipe and
Rock Springs, in San Diego county,
south into Lower California, and east
of San Bernardino. The fruit is %-%
inch long, of a dull brownish cadmium
yellow color, mealy and dry. It is
an unsymmetrical thorny shrub, 4-15
feet high. Said to make excellent jelly
like its near relatives, the classic lotus
and jujubes, so well known as the
source of jellies and confections of
various kinds.

Genus

CEANOTHUS RIGIDUS Nutt.
CEANOTHUS SOREDIATUS H. &

Genus ZIZYPHUS Jugs.

ZIZYPHUS PARRYI

oblong-cordate,
orbicular
to
obtuse, 30-40 mm. in
length, often as broad, irregularly glanabove,
dular-serrate, sparing y
hisp'd
with
beneath,
strongly
triple-nerved
prominent hairy ciliate veins; inflorescence axillary, oval scarcely exceeding
the leaves, rather compact, with pubescent rachis, and smooth pedicels; fi. apparently wh te or light blue (seen only in
fallen fragments); fr. glandular-hispid,
with corrugated resinous epicarp, and
conspicuous crests; seeds light brown."—
Parry, Proc. Dav. Acad. Natl. Sci. v.
194 (Aug. 31, 1889).

rounded

f.

CELASTBACEAE.

Genus

broadly
usually

Esch.

what concave above, sharply spinulose-dcntate all

around:

fls

white: capsule apparently

small, the short salient appendages inserted
at about the middle."

Gepitt2]01

da

4

C verrucosus Nutt Or53j; d
Or 54 d
C hirsutus Nutt

SAFINBACEAE.
Genus AESCULCS Linnaeus.

AESCULUS PARRYI A. Gray.
Genus

ACER

Tournefort.

ACER CIRCINNATUM Pursh.
ACER GLABRUM Torr.
ACER MACROPHYLLUM Pursh.


The West American

6/

Gentis

Genus VITIS Tournefort.

P montana Nutt

CAiLIFO'RNIOA

The

Benth.

This genus is included in the old world genus Lotus by Greene, Coville & others, along
with Syrmatium; we prefer to retain all under Hosackia, though Syrmatium may well be

treated as a distinct genus.

Genus RHUS Linnaeus.

RHUS INTEGRIFOLIA

G.

A

Nuttall.

stout

the

OBLONblFi/UA

and a diameter exceeding
The rose colored flowers produced

five

CEASSIFULIA Benth.

rank of a

at

times

attaining

tree,

close panicles one

lowed by deep

to

red

coated

berries,

the

pleasantly

equal to lemonade (almost indistinguishable in
flavor.)

Southern and Lower California this

Mahogany,

is

from the rich and

beautiful color of the wood.

RHUS OVATA
"A

shrub,

S.

Watson.

5-10° high,

the finely pubescent

glabrous excepting
branches and the

bracts of the inflorescence: leaves coriaceous and shining, ovate, acute or acuminate,
2-3'

entire or rarely sparingly
long, on a stout, usually

petiole 4-8" long:

panicled

spikes

fl.

%'

in

long

dense
or

toothed,
reddish
closely

less,

Benin.

-aitGYREA S Watson.
Nutt.
STRIUOSA Nutt.

Var

H MARiriYlA

H

acid

These berries make a cooling drink,

called

Bent hain.

RIGLUA Bentham.

three inches long, fol-

brilliant

even more tart than

berries.

GRANWFLOhA

in

with an icy-looking, wax-like substance that

In

§1— Euhosackia

to

evergreen shrub,

often

d

Genus HOSACKIA Douglas.

ANACAHDIACEAE.

is

d northward.

C occidentalis Torr

RHUS AROMATICA Ait.
RHUS DIVERSIUOBA T. &
RHUS LAURINA Nutt.

Nuttall.

Genus CGERCIS Linnaeus.

wild

grapevine of California.

feet.

PICKERINGIA

VITACEAE.
VITIS

62

Scientist.

the

rounded bracts and eepcls purplish; pet&Ifi
light y.
fr.
2-3"
compressed-ovate,
long, viscid-pubescent."— S. Watson, Proc.
:

Am. Acad., xx. 358-9 (Feb. 21, 1885).
The Sugar-bush is a handsome ever-

LOTUS HUMIlIS Greene

pit 2 140—

"Hosackia maritima Ge pit I 288 non Nutt.
Habit and texture of salsuginosus, but every
way smaller, the branches apparently prostrate: leaflets 4 or 5. obovate, obtuse: peduncles shorter than the leaves, 1-3-flowered, naked or bracted: corolla 2" long, reddish, the

banner & wings notably shorter than the
broad obtuse abruptly inflexed keel: pod nearly terete, less than an inch long, C-8 seeded:
seeds very small, almost spherical, smooth.
— Ge pitt 2 140.
San Bartolome bay. j
Cv 4 83 mj

LOTUS TOMKNTELLUS Ge
•'Prostrate, much branched,

canescently tocuncate-obovate or
oblong, obtuse: peduncles slender, shorter
tnan the leaves, the lowest bractless & 1-fl'ed,
the later often bracted & 2-fl'ed: corolla y, 3"

mentu lose:

leaflets 5 or

7,

long, twice the length of the calyx;

pod nar-

row, compressed, an inch or more in length,
5-7 seeded; seeds from orbicular to oval, com-

green shrub, noted for its glossy foliage
and graceful, oval form. The ;mall

dark red berries make a cooling drink pressed, the surface covered with a minute pleasantly flavored, resembling lemon
low tuberculatum."— Ge pitt 2 140
cv 4 84 mj
ado, and when dry are covered with
Microlotus
§2
a thin, waxy, white substance, that is H. PURSHTANA Bentham.
very sweet, which the Indians are said H. BRACHYCARPA Benth.
to have formerly gathered for sugar.
otus humistratus Ge Pittonia 2:139.
,j,

\

H SUBPINNATA

LEGUMINOSAE.
GemiM TttEiRMOPSIS

\l„

'I

-G

§3— Syrmatium

Brown.

THKRMOPSIS CALIFORNICA S. Wat.
HOFFMANSEGGLA MICROPHYLLA Tr.
HOFFMANSEGGIA STRICTA Benth.

II.

H
II.

H.
H.

GLABRA Torr.
PKOSTRATA Nutt.
MIChANTHA Nutt.
ARUOPHYLLA Gray.
IIEKRMANJNI I). & H.


The West American

63

H DECUMBKNS Benth.
HOSACKIA HA70UNI Orcutt.
6-i2 /

''Suffrutescent,

the slender stems

ward and

S arizonica

or more,

at base, at first

then

spreading,

slightly

recurving

in-

forming a

slightly intertwining,

loosely-compact bush, glabn us or nearly so throughout: leaflets 3 or less, oblong, obtuse, 1-2

more
2

mm.

long:

fl.

single or

rarely in pairs, short pedunculate,

mm

long: calyx of equal
as

the

tube:

the

length,

teeth narrowly subulate, erect,

long

6f

Genus SOI'HORA Linnaeus.

high

woody

Scientist.

pod but

)4r

A
l

as

slightly in-

wat

z

Li UP IN US LiiBS miens.
AFFINIS Agardh.
ALBICAULIS Dougl.
ARIZONICUS S. Watson.

Genus*

LUPINUS
LUPINUS
LUPINUS

LUPINUS
LUPINUS
LUPINUS
LUPINUS
LUPINUS

BREV1CAULIS S. Watson.
CHAMISSONIS Esch.
DENSIFLORUS- Benth.
DOUGLASII Agardh.
GRACILIS Agardh.
Or d
da
da

L burkei
L arboreus Sim

5

albifrons 15th
5
curved, usually twice the length of the L
da 5
L formosus bridgesii Ge
persistent calyx, i-seeded: seed dark L cystisoides Agardh
da 5, cv 4

olive-green,

curved.

I

2]/z

•

mm.

long,

slightly

take, pleasure in dedicating

L umbellatusGe

Mr.
D. LUPINUS
Haydon, in return for his hospitality and LUPINUS
LUPINUS
for his directing my attention to various
LUPINUS
this delicate species to

Marion

82

da 5

L nanus Dougl

da-

HIRSUTISSIMUS Benth.
LITTORALIS Dougl.

MICRANTHUS
ORCUTTII

Dougl.

Watson.
branched from
S.

whose valuable qualities
the
"Diffusely much
had previously been unsuspected.
Col- base,
pubescent
(2-4'
high),
low
lected in April, 1S89, growing among the throughout with short stiffish spreading
rocks in a canyon leading into the
do- hairs: leaflets 5, oblong-spatulate, 3-6"

rado desert, on the old stag t line from long, shorter than the petioles: racemes
San Diego to Ft. Yuma.
With H. gla- numerous, sessile in the axils, 1-2'
forage plants

:

3"
Torrey, this plant is commonly long, the scattered p. or reddish fl.
known as deer w«-ed, but its smaller long: pod oblong, 4" long, 2-3-seeded:
1"
Watson,
diameter."— S.
in
growth will render it less valuable for seeds

bra,

cultivation

ted in

its

and

it is

Am. Acad., xx.
apparently too limi- Proc.

distribution to

ance as a wild

forage

assume importplant."— Orcutt,

359

(Feb.

121,

1885).

LUPINUS SPARSIFLORUS Benth.
LUPINUS TRUNCATUS* Nutt.

Genus TRIF'OLIUM Linnaeus.
West American Scientist, vi, 63, Jl 1889.
TRIFOLIUM CILIATUM Nutt.
SYRMATIUM DESDR- tIDEUM Greene.
"Shrubby,

erect, 4-7° high, with roughish
an inch or 2 in thickness, & m anyshort ascending branches: branch lets angular,
their growing parts more or less minutely
appressed-silky, the plant otherwise glabrous:

leaflets 3, narrowly oblong, obtuse: umbels
numerous, on short peduncles, not bracted:
calyx 3—1" long, the triangular-subulate teeth
34 as long as the nearly cylindrical tube: corolla 4-6" long: pod %' long, slightly curved, 3Hill tops,
seeded: seeds terete & straight.
among other bushes, on the higher parts of
Near S gla'orum, but of
Santa Ciuz Island.
entirely different habit, with much larger fis

brown

stern

TRIFOLIUM
TRIFOLIUM
TRIFOLIUM
TRIFOLIUM
TRIFOLIUM

EXILE

Greene.

FUCATUM Lindl.
GRACILENTUM T. & G.
INVOLUCRATUM Wiild.
MACRAEI H. & A.

da 4

v albopureum H-A
da 4
Tciliolatam 15th
da 4
T biiidum Ge
da 4
T re pens n
da 4
T roscidium Ge
da 4
V stenophyllum Nutt
da 4
Desv
T depauperatum
da
5
Lindl
cyathiferum
& fruit, on shOit, rigid, crowded branchlets." T
A. Gray.
TRIFOLIUM
— lie pitt 2 146— referred to Hosackia glabra by
Br Ca ac pr II 1 208, who says:— 'Some of its TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pursh
TRIFOLIUM RUSBYI Greene.
forms are exactly the mainland plants."

MONANTHUM