THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SHELLS V4, DONOVAN 1804

THE

NATURAL HISTORY
OF

BRITISH SHELLS,
INCLUDING

FIGURES and DESCRIPTIONS
OF ALL THE

SPECIES

HITHERTO DISCOVERED

GREAT BRITAIN,

IN

SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED

IN THE LINNEAN MANNER,
WITH
SCIENTIFIC

AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH,

VOL.
aogfe^g

By

E.

jjft

IV.
gji

i

>a«« i—

i

DONOVAN,

F.L.S.

AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF
BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &C. &C.

-—»#©•;5

O -*^0 *©*»—

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
AND FOR
F.

AND

C.

RIVINGTON, No

BY BYE AND LAW,

62, ST.

ST. JOHN'S

1802.

PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD;

SQUARE, CLERKENWELL.


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THE

NATURAL HISTORY
OF

BRITISH SHELLS,

PLATE

CIX\

MUREX CARINATUS.
CARINATED MUREX.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Spiral,

rough.

The

aperture ending

in

a

strait,

and somewhat

produced gutter or canaliculation.

CHARACTER

SPECIFIC

AND

SYNONYMS.
Tail patulous

:

ridges;

Shell oblong, of six spires,
first

spire ventricose.

Murex Carinatus

:

testa

with two smooth

patulo-subcaudata oblonga

sex laevibus bicarinatis
semicircular;'

a

spiral

Aperture semi-circular.

;

:

anfractibus

primo ventriccso, apertura

.

2

>
y.


PLATE
Murex

With

carinatus, angulated.
tricose

The

longed to the

From

Cabinet.

Pom.

123. sp. 96.

A. p.

the annexed Plate

in the British

it

two

one

it,

Portland

the

is

unique

formerly be-

it

;

Duchess of Portland, by whose permission Mr.

late

Pennant described

figures of

Length near four

aperture semicircular.

Br. Zool. T.

shell figured in

body ven-

the

five or six spires,

the spires rising into angulated ridges.

:

inches.

The

CIX^'

in Plate 77,

This author has given

Zoology.

and the other

in the Frontispiece

of the fourth volume.

The

existence of this species being only proved

by a

solitary speci-

men, various conjectures have arisen amongst Conchologists respecting
it.

Some have been

others as a

Antiquus.

inclined to admit

shell

as an

How

argue that

far

we may

it

many

cannot be a

distinct

species, because only
is

absurd

;

one

since the ex-

other species has been asserted upon the evidence of

obvious as mi?ht be

at first

relation to

its

raised into

tubercules,

smooth and even, nor

Murex

antiquus

It certainly

imagined.

die general outline, but the ridges of

fectly

and

critical Naturalist-

a single specimen only, and

pletely

species,

be authorized to abide by the former

of the kind has been hitherto found,

istence of

undoubted

mere accidental variety of growth of the Linnsean Murex

opinion must rest with the

To

it

is

not so

approaches

Murex Antiquus

is

it

in

most com-

whereas those of Carinatus are peris

there that strict correspondence in

the angulations of the contour in general that should induce us to

consider

it

a variety of

Murex

Carinatus.


PLATE

moment

In deciding a question of some

it

logist,

the difference between the

We

be more easily discriminated.
not absolutely

is

North

known

a British shell

as

and has been supposed

Seas,

Linnaeus,

It is

is

a very different shell, and

whose name

now

it

;

inhabit

to

it is

shells

may-

that the

a native of the

some of the remote

The Murex Antiquus

by no means

uncertain from
;

what

allied

part of our coast the

Pennant

is

cannot dispute that her Grace received
inserted

two

to

of

that of

bears.

Portland received this shell

was

Concho-

must however observe,

northern islands of the British dominions.

Pennant

to the English

has been thought advisable to cive an additional Plate of

Murex Antiquus, by which

latter

CIX.

upon her authority

it

o

but

we

as a British shell, since

in the British

A

Duchess of

silent in this
respect,

Zoology.

it


•at
.'-'



no

:\


PLATE

CX,

SOLEN MARGINATUS.

MARGINATED RAZOR SHELL*
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bivalve,

with equal valves, oblong, open

at

often double
hinge a subulated tooth turned back,
the opposite shell.

Animal an

At

both ends.
;

the

not inserted in

ascidia.

SPECIFIC

CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Shell straight, of equal depth, a single tooth in each valve.

Solen Marginatus

:

testa

recta

lineari

marginata, valvulis un-

dentatis.

Solen Vagina, Sheath, Penn. Br.Zool. p. 83. No. 21.

Some Conchologists imagine
species

•never

with

his Solen Siliqua, but

met with

it,

Da

that
it

is

Costa has confounded

more probable

that

this

he had

or the character of the teeth at the hinge could

not have escaped his notice.
like Solen Siliqua, but has

In

its

general appearance

it is

not un-

one end marginated, and only a

A

4

single


PLATE
tooth in each valve

one valve, and one

on the contrary Solen

;

is

—This

is

Siliqua has

in the other; the
single

tween the two others when the

This

CX.

very scarce.

shell

Pennant says

is

it

one being

two

tee!:h in

insetted be-

shut.

inhabits

Red Wharf, Anglesea,

not Solen Vagina of Linnaeus, as Pennant describes

it.



I


PLATE

CXI.

TROCHUS TERRESTRIS.
LAND

TOP SHELL.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
.

Animal

a slug.

Shell conic,

aperture nearly triangular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Rather conic, whitish, with a

spiral

brown

streak along the middle

of the wreaths.

Trochus Terrestris

testa

:

media

Trochus

subconica albida anfractibus linea

fusca.

Penn. Brit.

Terrestris, Land.

Zool.

No. 108.

tab.

80.

fig. 10S.

Trochus Terrestris

tertius.

Pennant describes

this

Da

new

the authority of

Mr. Hudson,

of Cumberland.

Da

expresses
as

British species of

Land Trochus upon

who

upon the Mountains

discovered

Costa therefore places

some doubt whether

Dr. Lister found

Costa Br. Conch, p. 36. C.

in

it

may

it

it

as a distinct species, but

not be the same Land Trochus

the moss at the roots of the large trees in

Burwell woods, in Lincolnshire, and to which the

Mr. Morton,
affinity.

Dr.

in

Morsley wood,

Lister's shell

ton's only five.

shell

Northamptonshire,

found by

bears

great

had six or seven wreaths, and Mr. Mor-

Mort. Northampt.

ch. 1. p. 415.




11%

-\
.

Is


PLATE

CXII.

TURBO DUPLICATUS.
TWO RIDGED SCREW SHELL.
/

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Animal Limax.

Univalve,

or of a taper form.

spiral,

somewhat compressed,

Aperture

orbicular, entire.

CHARACTER

SPECIFIC

A NO

SYNONYMS.
Shell slender,

with two sharp prominent

Turbo Duplicatus

:

anfractibus

spirse

Gmel. Linn.
Buccinum crassum, duobus

Si/st. p.

acutis,

cinum striatum

Turbo

carinis

3607.

duabus

An. Angl.

spiris

ffaX7nv|

p. 160.

donatum.

An. BucList

?

tab. 3. Jig. 7.

7.

Penn. Br. Zeol. No. 112.

duplicatus, doubled.

in singulis

Fab. Columns?

tit.

acutis.

sp. 79.

& insequaliter altis striis

duodecim minimum

LI.

spiral ridges.

tab. 81.

fig. 112.

Strombiformis major rubro lutescens aut pullus

:

anfractibus duabus

carinis sive striis acutis insignitis.

Torcular.

Tab.

6.

Da

fig. 3.

Bicarinatus.

Costa. Br. Conch, p. 110.

s.

44.—

PLATE
This species
Dr.

Lister,

must be

says he had purchased

them of

Dr. Lister had not seen any of them

fishermen.
it

admitted as a British shell upon the authority of

is

who

CXII.

a pelagian shell, or

the Scarborough

alive,

one of those which

and concludes

live far

from the

shores.

As Pennant had
this

authority,

Da

inserted this species in his British Zoology,

Costa was unwilling to omit

Conchology, yet he observes, that

was imposed upon by

as

is

upon

in his British

not improbable Dr. Lister

the fishermen, for the shell

is

generally believed

some consider

it

as a

to be a native of the East Indies

and others

it

it

an European

;

species.

West-Indian,



i3

\

/

\


PLATE

CXIII.

MYTILUS ANATINUS.
SMALL HORSE MUSCLE.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

The

hinge toothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow.

CHARACTER

SPECIFIC

A N D

SYNONYMS.
.Shell

oval, rather

compresse J,

margin membranaceous, beaks

brittle,

decorticated.

Mytilus Anatinus

:

testa

ovali compressiuscula
fragiiissima

gine membranceo, natibus dccorticaris.

Linn.

Musculus

lafus, testa

Nat. p. 3355.

Sj/st.

admodum

rufescens,

tenui,

&c.

mar-

Gmel.

sp. 16.

ex fusco viridescens, interdum

List. II.

An. Angl.

p. 14-6.

tit.

p. 10.

tit.

29. tab. 2. Jig. 29.

Musculus tenuis minor

latiusculus.

30.

tab.

I.

Goad. p. 13.

Mytuii

majores a nostratibus.

Mytilus anatinus
Mytilus

fluviatilis

Duck.

App.

jig.
tit.

II.

An. Angl.

2.—A'pp.
30. tab.

I.

II.

Horse muscles. Merret. Pin.

sp. 47.

Anatinus,

Da

in

fig. 2.

Pain. Br. Zool. No. 79.

minor.

An. Angl.

p. 193.

tab. 63. Jig. 79.

Costa Br. Conch, p. 215.

tab. 15. fig. 2.


PLATE
This species bears
differs in

CXIII.

much resemblance

being only about half the

size,

to

Mytilus Cygneus, but

more compressed and

is

oblong, of a clearer green colour, and the cartilage side extending

an acute angle,

in a straight line to
in

an oblique

tremely

line

common

Pennant's shell

like a fin,

and thence continuing

towards the bottom, where

in rivers

is

much

it

is

rounded.

—Ex-

and stagnant waters.

broader in proportion than our specimens.