A Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus V03-1

:

A

Critical Revision of the

genus Eucalyptus
BY
J.

H.

(Government Botanist

of

MAIDEN,
New

I.S.O., F.R.S., F.L.S.

South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).

Vol.

PARTS

III.

21-30.

(WITH 40 PLATES.)

them.

" Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,

or

reject.

to

antiquity,

Every generation

and transmits

In these pursuits,

that

therefore,

enjoys

hoard,
the first

the

a

use of

augmented
speculators

vast

lie

hoard bequeathed

to

it

ages.

under great disadvantages,

and,

acquisitions,

to

even when they fail, are entitled to praise."

Macaulay's " Essay on Milton.'

Published by Authority oj

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

Sntmcg
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
•12G43-A

1917.

by

future

by fresh


2Y7

!4-k6k

THE LuESTHER

T.

MERTZ LIBRARY

TH£ NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN


INDEX.
[The names of Synonyms or Plants, &c, incidentally mentioned are in
page containing the description

PAGE.

PAGE.

Box, Grey

Acacia penninervis Sieb.

26

Angophora lanceolala Cav.

03

Peppermint

67

Soft

Apple

19,

ti,

Argyle

2

Box

70

11

White

77
70, 70

Brackyscelis munita Schroder

New South

Brisbane Water,

Lowland

...

70

Mountain

...

70

Brittle

71

Broad-leaved Blue

137

Sally

Apple-topped Box
Apple-tree

...

Gum

Apple-tree

Ash, Mountain

Bangalay

68

83, 127, 177

...

53

...

Banks. Sir Joseph

74

Gum

202

Box
Mahogany

7,138,197

Bastard Blue

White

2

Gum

110,125

...

Black Box

Gum
Peppermint

150
63

45.

Gum

Brown-barked

Burram Murra
But But

1

95

54
4, 68,

Buttermilk

137

120

Cabbage Box

70

Gum

109, 117, 125. 146

Cajeput

:<2

Calangara

59

Candle-bark
Chalcid
Cider

215

Wasp

in.;

108

2

Couranga

2

Creek

17

...

Booah

Galls

Tree

51,57,58,63,86. 140. 176

Blue-leaved Apple

ll'i

Gum

Cotosmrra

Peppermint...

211
...

.-i-l

Gum

14.;

Crimson filaments

17>)

Dainty fragrance

169

209

Box

19,68,146
Apple

Cabbage

Gum

63

59

Scrub

Black

Gum

81

39

Bastard

129

Camden Woolly-butt

176

Apple-topped

54

...

Gum

85,143

6,26,68

17,

Wales, ;md Bris

Caley, George

Blackbutt

Gum

Brown

93

...

77,195

Bloodwood
Blue Gum...

bane River, Queensland

49,53,202,216

Stringybark

Bog

146

White

1

Blue-leaved

The

italics.

printed in heavier type.]

is

.:

7,

70

Deane, Henry

71

Deciduous

138, 197

77,

195
70

Gum

Dimorphic leaves

63
...

Gum

...

Dunn, William

...

Drooping

!'l

in E. cinerea

1

11.'.

177

05


IKDEX.

IV

PAGE.

PACE.
Egg- n-egg-cup buds

209

...

Elder Expedition

Eucalyptus cosraophylla, var. teprosula
var. rostrigera

31

Eriostemm Coxii F.v.M.

18-1

Eucalyptus acaciasforniis D.

& M.

26, 89

f.

..

& M.

D.

var. linearis

acervula Hook.

....

act rvula Sieb.

...

...

...

...

Cunn

135

dealbata A.

138

Deanei Maiden
Decqisneana ^lume,

....

33

deeipiens Endl.

...

& M.

84,

.

85,89, 153
30,

...

5, 25, 82,

137

diversifolia Woolls.

angophoroid?s R. T. Baker
Desf.

fiiiil>)sh<
...

...

...

68. 71

...

171

Benth.

dives Schauer

...

ihniiosa A.

Cunn.

Dunnii Maiden

Banksii Maiden

73,74

elceophora F. v.

Baueriana Miq.

135. 138

...

Schauer

Baueriana
-Maiden

...

Bentha/mi Maiden and

Cambage

92,96

var. conica

...

...

brachypoda Turcz

...

Bridgesiana R.-T. Baker

cladocalyx
era
a

'

...

cordata Sort.

Bi

...

...

coriata Labill

mi, luir Lodd.

\.

<

...

nun. rar. alpina

6, 9,

F. v.

M.

...

23

Maiden

...

23

...

2'

72.127

eugenioides Sieb
var. nana, D.

M.

& M.
Ill

...

...

172

27, 68

falcifolia

v.

...

Miq.

137
Muell.

fasciculosa F.

...

gigantea Hook,

17

...

Forrestiana Diels

34.

f
...

gomphocephala A.

P.

7. 76,

89,

DC.

1

13,

...

v.

grandis Hill

.

Ill, 173

140,163

grossa V.

v.

Gunnii

19

...

M.

21

M.

F. v.

Gunnii Hook.

135, 139

105, 106, 121.

f.

L3

...

15,

133

14

...
...

...

21. 77. 185

granulans Sieb.

Maiden

23

I

i

/"'»

L05

var. glauca
var. mm.
v.ir.

I).

:,.">.

159
4

Hook.

204

16

1

.

var. acervula
var.

19

19

M.

Griffithsi

...

17:

20

goniantha Turcz.
I",

35
lln

...

globulus Labill.

19

12,

mophylla

171.172

(?)

fabrorum Schlecht.

135, 138, 139

6,
...

65, 72

133

L37
...

166

...

21, 73, 75, 185

var. (?) Roei

goniocalyx

Muell

a.

M.

...

gomphocornuta

f

conoid* < Benl

acea

,

...

...

158

...

145

132, 152

Muell.

V.

Hk.
l'.

...

...

...

Maiden
1

M.

...

...

1,2,7,72

cilrifolia F. v.

25

...

Maiden

var. novaanglica

83
68

...

153

var. muUiflora

...

fahrorum Herb. Behr.

87. 109. 134, 148.

1, 15. 68, 122,

...

171
81,

fdbrorum F.

25. 31

ea F.v.M.

...

197

221

...

Benth

camphora R. T. Baker

...

...

137

219

4,68

Bromiii Maiden and Cambage

...

var. marginata Benth.

49,50,165,217

...

brachyandra F.v.M.

caesia

Dehn.

84, 188

bigakritaF.vM
botryoidesSm.

elata

78

...

...

...

ervthronema Turcz.

conica

var.

...

var. rhodophloia Benth.

179,183

Baeuerleni F.v.M

148. 153

domtoxylon F. Muell

37.38

auraniiaca F. Muell.

92

..

25

diversicolor F. Muell
diversifolia

133, 135

r

decurva F. Muell

163

Hoffmann

androsemijolia

...

18,

alpina Lindl.

amygdalina Labill.

90

140
180

57. 63, 66

aautangula Turcz.

aggre»ata D.

199
171

3,

acmenioides Schauer

alba Reinw.

17

...

46

..

17

...

5. 27.

...

M.

crucivalvis F. v.

daphnoides Miq.

L09, 121. 134,

1.

crebra F.v.M.

...

135, 111

f.

& M

104, 107

uhsa Maiden

montana Hook,

i

L26
104


.

INDEX.
PAGE.

Sucalyptus Gunnii, var. rubida Maiden

How

var. (h)

tt

...

5. Ill

L65

...

Gunnii Miq,

ill. it;;

hfrmuxlotnii Sin

hemilampra,

Benth.

125. 130

M.

F. v.

hemiphloia

133

,

vav. micrantha

68,70

...

var. alhens

Howittiana F.

20'.)

...

72

...

221

M.

v.

Huberiana Naudin

(

incrassata Labi 11.
var. angulosa

173

171,

?)

...

1!*,

21

,

24, 31, 35

21

...

var. conglobata

...

incrassata Labill. var.

Kirtoniana F.

M.

v.

Kitsoni

...

G. Luehmann) Maiden

(J.

lactea R. T.

Baker

150,

ligustrina

M.

v.

DC.

Ugustrina Miq.
longifolia

Link & Otto

& M.

Macarthuri D.

macrorrhyncha F.

v.

M

maculata Hk.

M.

v.

M.

..

v.

M.

27. 88, 13 J

...

91, 92, 9(

patentiflora F. MuelJ

pellita F. v. M.

...

peltata Benth.

...

jyersicifolia

173

Baker

patentinervis R. T.

Cunn.
v.

201

...

204.211.214
...

...

12

...

...

68

M.

103, L09, 121

Lodd.

135, 171

...

persicifolia Lodd., var.

...

...

46

...

...

135

...

...

37. 41

ptychocarpaF.
pilularis

...

M

v.

36. 40

DC

171. L73

Sm.

139

piperita

125

platyphylla F. v. M.

...

platypodos Cav.

...

26. 133

...

91. 92, 95

50

...

polyanthemos Schauer

...

...

93

...

...

...

93

111,112

populifoUa Hook,

f

...

Ill,

populifolia No. 1,

Hook.

18, 20, 36

melliodora A. Cunn.

-

...

populifolia Desf.

...

5, 1 5,

134, 135, 140

pastoraUs S. Moore

25, 68

2d

v.

29

Cambage

...

113, 172

megacarpa F.

146, 155

Baker & Sm.

pallidivalvis

plicenicea F. v. M.

marginata Sm.

melanophloia F.

Maiden

153

18,

1

M

107

76

mannifera A. Cimn.

var. grandiflora
pallidifolia F. v.

...

...

mannifera Moudie or Mudie

153, L63, 166, 179

camphora Maiden

persidfoKa Miq.

109, 125,

19

...

104

131, 150, 170

Maideni F.

18
...

...

...

maculosa R. T. Baker

var.

Perriniana F.

8,

n

ovata Labill. 129, 133,

126

...

...
...

oligantha Schauei

...

78, 81, 87, 190

19

132, 221

148

...

microtheca F. Muell.

28

populnea F. v.

30,22]

M

93

prsecox Maiden

12'.'.

Pressiana Schauer

propinqua D.

& M.

pruinosa Turcz.

puherulenta F.

i"2

...

...

v.

131

...

18.21.29

...

66. 74. 191

33

...

...

M

1.

miniata A. Cunn.

34 37, 41, 42

moluccana Roxb.

92

pulverulenta Sims

...

1. 2. 12.

Mooreava (W.V.F.) Maiden

99

pulvigera A.

Cunn

...

2. 12.

mucronata Link

...

Muelleri T. B. Moore

133, 135

46

neglecta Maiden

L50, 151

Maiden

nova-anglica D.

var. lanceofata

punctata DC.

Howitt

...

2

i.

18
131

128, 138, L92, 194. 200,

159. 160

multiflora Poiret

nitens

92

8, 17.

M.

oleosa F. v.

perfoliata A.

19, 25, 36, 185

...

M.

Oldfieldii V. v.

164

02

172

...

...

occidentalis Endl.

...

Leucadendron Rein.
leucoxylon F.

(ecai sne

parvifolia-

Luehmann)

G.

(J.

Maiden

I

166

152, 164

Kitsoniana

obliijim

palvdosa R. T. Baker

164

...

...

obcordntn var. n ill in'

153

200, 212

Kitsoni Dearie

Eucalyptus numerosa Maiden

212
var.

didyma

198

var. grandiflora \K

& M.

195

pyriformis Turcz.

& M.

9.

T,

quadrangulata D.

&M.

...

73. 75, 76


INDEX.

VI

Eucalyptus radiata Hook,

PAGE.
86

f

radiata Sieb.

Raveretiana F. v.

M

redunca Sehau.

&

var. Kirtoi/iana D.
var. pellita

M.
...

...

H offing

Risdoni Hook,

f.

robustaSm.

Cav

rubida D.

&

tereticomis

...

...

...

...

M.

16,

213
196

33,35
19

Lueh

umigera Hook.

201

vernicosa Hook.

f.

19, 25, 161,

...

...

f.

48

limiualis Benth. var.

13

viminalis Labi 11.

162

27. 157, 161

Ill
3,

11,84, 122, 150,

158, 167, 184, 187, 190, 193
var. BaeuerJexi D.

& M.

183

M.

Ill

86

var. iiucrocarpa

23

var. pedicellaris Muell.

145

F. v.

169

var. rhynchocorys Ferd.

169

Muell
viminalis Labill. var. b. Howitt

110, 128, 129,

5, 109,

194.

tet rapt era Turcz.

40

...

25, 129, 199, 204,

209

19,45,55,203,218
...

Sm.

var. brachyeorysJZentii.

torquata

...

4,.6

...

92,95

217

5,6

7?o«Beck
rostrata Schlecht

rostratus

221

...

Rodirayi Baker and Smith

tertia

F.v.M

tectifica

48, 185, 198, 203, 207,

var. grandifiora Benth.

rigida

Eucalyptus Stuartiana

172

19,168

...

Sm.

resinifera

PAGE.

131, 150, 173, 187

var.

c.

111, 114

Howitt

126

raKsEndl.

204

viminea Lab.

...

...

...

174

sacchariferaY. v. M.

171

virgata Sieb.

...

...

...

138

172

Watsoniana F.

Ill

Woodwardi Maiden

sacehaiifliiaT. x.yi

m icrocarpa

var.
saligna,

Sm.

...

(?)

v.

M

19
32

48, 52, 56, 64, 66, 78, 192,

213,217

Maiden

var. botryoides

Baker and

var. pallidivalvis

170

Filaments, Crimson

52

...

Flooded

Gum

Flooded

Gum

53, 56, 58, 63. 85, 109. 110, 116,

140, 188

Smith

53
81

santalifoUa F. Muell.

scoparia Maiden

Flour-like bloom

Forest

Mahogany

212

var. rostrata

Sieberiana F. v. M.

...125, 130, 180,

187

211,214

F. v. M.

Spenceriana Maiden
/,

Ihiin

221
89, 148

Sieb

Stuartiana F.

M.

v.

169

Fragrance

127

R. T. Baker

iiibilis

35

John

199

siderophloia Bentb.

i

48,209

187
Forrest, Sir

pi

168

...

186

...

Seeana Maiden

Sm itb ii

173, 188

(Camden)

19,26,67,75,

I,

Galls

29

Geijera parviflora Lindl.

28

Gippsland Mahogany

-,:,

36

Glandular filaments

146

Grey Box

Cum

53, 54, 74, L28, 138, 146,

17''..

192, 195,

197

78,84, 137,199,213

Baker and

var. cordata

Si,

nth

var. grossa
.

1.

Maiden

hmgijolia Benth.

var. /mi viflora.

var. parmfolia D.

Sluartiana prima

F. v.

cV

var. longifolia, Benth.

da

!•'.

v.

M.

69

...

196
71

68

M....

M.

5

...

...

...

28

Peppermint

...

I.

135

135, 138
...

1.4

94

Guichenol

68

Gum, Apple Tree

202

Bastard Blue
Bastard White
Black
Blue

Bog
Brittle

110,
85,

17. 51, 53. 57. 58, 63, 65, 86,

1

25

143

146, 176

17

129


fKDBX.

vii

PAGE.

Gum, Broad-leaved Blue
Brown

63

I

Cabbage

'.i:.

109, 117. 125, 146

Cider

...

Creek
Deciduous...

Flooded

212

63

Brown-barked

Drooping

PAGE.

Jimmy Low

98

Kaju-puti

106

Kaju-puti Malaice

lie

Karri

137

01

Kino

207

Kitson. Albert Ernest

164

110, 177

...

Kaikur

53, 56, 58, 63, 85, 109, 110, 116,140,

188

Flooded (Camden)

Large trees (E. ovata)

53, 54, 74, 128, 138, 146, 176, 192, 195,

Leopard

Gum

12-;

Gum

Leopard Spotted
Lerp

Leopard Spotted

128

...

Macpherson Range White

126

Lowland Apple

81, 111. 110, 170

Mountain White

30

Maandowie

Nankeen

91

Macpherson Range White

Pink

17

Mahogany

Poplar

91,
16, 64, 68, 117, 136, 137, 192,

Brittle

...

Ribbony

...

54, 195

208

Forest

130

Gippsland

167

New

Round-leaf Blue

64
55

Swamp

Scrub

17

White

Spotted

110, 125

Swamp
Swamp

106, 140

Melaleuca Gum-tree

63

Blue

...

Turpentine

Weeping

144

138, 197
...

...

White

198

29, 55, 57, 63, 65,

175

84 91, 117, 125,
,

137, 167, 188
Brittle

White Cabbage

...

White Floury
Woolly

(of

Yellow

Messmate
Metrosideros gummifera

F. v.

M.

130

Ash

130

Mahogany

Heart -leaved Eucalyptus

...

Hybridism

46

6,

170

111, 140. 170

36,38,39
48

White

208

83, 177

Gum

Mudgee Peppermint

216
30

82
55. 57

Mudione

195. 197

184
12

138, 197

Hiccory

Hickory

...

209

70

Mountain Aple

Mundowey
Hakea Macraeana

48, 54,

126

Milky Juice

...

31

...

37

trees

81

45

2,83,85

...

110, 117, 138, 140, 197

55

51,

Melaleuca leucadendron, L.

Mica

20'.'

21»i

...

130

Gungurru...

48.

195

...

Argyle)

49,202,216

48,208

Mandowe ...

Manna
...
Manna Gum

...

...

Holland

Seribbly

Slaty

65

Mountain

Red

Silky

Gum

215

Bastard

98

110, 118, 140, 168

River

White

70

...

65

Manna

Red
Red

128

...

128

...

...

I'.O

...

197

Leopard

143

...

188

...

Leather Jacket

Grey

91)

146, 195, 208
20, 51, 64

Nankeen

Gum

91

Narrow-leaved Peppermint

26

New

45

Holland Mahogany

Ngainggar

...

41


vm

INDEX.
PAGE

PAGE.

Orange-blossom Stringy bark

Soft Apple Tree

39

Soft

2.11,26,68,69,

71. 82,

85

6, 26,

68

77

Gum

Spotted

Peppermint

71

White Box

110. 125

Stringybark

Black

17,37,82,127

Bastard

Blue

2

2

Red

Box

11

Grey

28

S.

212
8

Silver-leaved
Stuart. Charles

Mudgee

26

Narrow-leaved

Stuartiana confusion

Swam]) Blut

Bed

10

Scrub

27

4

Gum

j

144

Cum

106, 140

Mahogany

..

18.54,209

3

Silver-leaved

White

68 69, 72

6,

Pepperwood

71

S

103

Tewart

125

Thurambai

Perrin. G.

67

...

82

...

Pine

Gum
Poplar Gum
Pink

17
91, 98

" PulverulHiita confusion "

74

Tenterfield Woolly-butt.

3

19
189

58

Toolur

Torumba

209

...

Tuart

19

Turpentine
Turpentine

Quadrangular young steins

Recognition

Red Buttle

76

159, 162

of a species

Cum

'

Gum

16, 64, 68, 117,

Mahogany

130

...

48,

138, 197

72

...

Gum

175

While Box

208

70, 76

Brittle

Gum

Cabbage Gum

130

exudation

126

130

1(1

Stringybark

...

Cum

mi

8,

212

Floury

Gum

Cui

29. 55, 57. 63, 65, 84, 91, 117. 125. 137,

130

118, 140, 168

94

Riedle

River

Weeping

;

Peppermint

Ribbouy

Turpentine Tree

136 137, 192, 208

...

2

Gum

L67,

Gum

...

Cum

Round-leaf Blue

Mahogany...

...

Peppermint

...

46

64

...

...

...

6, 68, 69.

Wilga
Sally
-

p ol

ib

Silky

85

71,

E. Ounnii

bbly

107

Gum

Bloodwond

v

Woolly Bark

215

Woolly-butt

37, 38, 51. 55. 57, 68,

...

Camden

215

...

71.71
81

...

North Coast

82

Gum

17

South Coasl

32

Peppermint

07

Sydney

82

t;:

Tenterfield

Cum
81

.•

72
28

oo

Silver-leaved P

-

188

167

1

ingybark

Woolly

Gum

Yellow

Cum

of

District

71

Argyle

81

8

Gum

I

8ydnr>

:

'.IS

William Applei'ilc Oullick, GoTernmtnt PrioUr.— )91t

1

Hi.

117, 138,

I

in.

197


—

DESCRIPTION.
CXIII.
Iii

Following

A
less

moderate-sized

with

tree,

;i

iii,

239 (I860).

:

whitish-brown persistent hark, somewhat fibrous, the foliage more or

glaucous or mealy white.

Loaves
(or

F.v.M.

Bentham's Flora Austi'aliemis

the original description

is

cinerea

E.

opposite, sessile, cordate ovate or ovate-laneeolati, obtuse or acute, mostly 2 to

narrow lanceolate, which are alternate

Peduncles
(or more.

anil

much

axillary or in short terminal

longer.

4-

inches Ions

— J.H.M.).

corymbs, terete or nearly

each with three to seven

so,

— J.H.M.) pedicellate flowers.

Clllj'X broadly turbinate,

Operculum
Stamens

about 2

conical, shorter

lines

diameter or rather more.

than the calyx-tube.

2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the

bud

;

anthers small but ovate, with distinct parallel

cells.

Ovary convex

in the centre.

Fruit seruiglobose or subglobose-truncate, about 3 lines diameter, often
the r im thin, the capsule very slightly sunk but the valves protruding.
-

orifice,

Normal form.

—The

normal form was long believed

slightly contracted at the

(B.Fl.

iii,

239.)

to be, as far as leaves

Bjntham, as figured by Mueller in Eucalyptographia
and best known to New South Wales botanists as the
years ago I found narrow lanceolate leaves on the Argylc

are concjrned, as defined by
as E. pulverulent a Sims,

" Argyle Apple."

Many

Apple, thus giving the foliage a distinctly dimorphic shape
believed to possess.

value for

To summarise,

economic purposes as a

nova-anfflica

is

it

rule,

has bark, fibrous

was not previously

timber, reddish, of inferior

but it would appear that the timber of variety

the most durable of that of any of the forms.

required as to the durability of the timber of
a.

;

it

all

Further data are

the forms.

Flowers in threes.

b.

Leaves mostly broad.

c.

Yet lanceolate

1.

multi/lora, var. nov.

2.

nova-anglica, var. nov.

also in flowering branchlets.

Varieties.

(See

p. 7.)

(See

p. 9.)

SYNONYMS.
non Sims.

1.

E. pulverulenta F.v.M.,

2.

E. Stuartiana

3.

E. pulverulenta F.v.M. var. lanceolata Howitt.

4.

E. Stuartiana F.v.M., var. cordata

secunda of F.v.M.

(See

p. 3.)

(Sec p. d.)
(See

Baker and Smith.

p. d.)

(See p.

5.)


RANGE.
normal form occurs in northern Victoria, thence in New
South Wales, in the southern mountainous country from ahout Tumut to Berrima,
and thence in the Bathurst district. Connecting localities hetween the southern and

The

species in

its

western ones will doubtless be found.
" N.S.

W.

— Lachlan River near Bathurst, A.

Herb. F. Mueller" are the

Cunningham,

quoted in B.Fl.

localities

These are mentioned by Mueller in Fragm.
with which he had originally identified

Lake George,

iii,'239.

ii,

The

it.

also

70, for

E. pulverulenta Sims,

locality "

Lachlan River"

is

Mueller's words in Fragm. are " In vicinia flurninis Lachlan

doubtless erroneous.

no evidence that the species has been collected
on the Lachlan, and probably Cunningham's Wattle Elat locality is referred to. The
Lachlan reference is apparently a mere slip of the pen.

oppidum Bathurst

There

versus."

is

In the " Eucalyptographia " Mueller has the following

localities

for

E.

pulverulenta (F.v.M. non Sims).
(1)

Upper Lachlan,

Cox's River,

(2)

(3)

Marulan

to Yass,

(4)

Berrima,

Lake George, (6) Castlereagh River (the above are New South Wales). (7) Lake
Omeo, (8) Buchan River, (9) Between the Avon and Mitchell Rivers, (10) Towards
(5)

Walhalla (these are Victorian
(1)

Sims).

(3),

E. cinerea
to

me.

Already referred

;

This

(5)

(4),

the' locality

is

localities).

to.
is

(2)

This

is

E. cinerea.

E. pulvigera A. Cunn. (E. pulverulenta
I

have not been able to confirm

farther to the north-west than that of

Nos. (7) to (10) are

all

(6) for

any form known

E. cinerea var. multijlora.
Typical Form.

New

South Wales.

near Wattle Flat, about 20 miles northerly from Bathurst.

"
Locally called
Peppermint." "Fine trees about 60 feet high. On the track taken

Limekilns

by Allan Cunningham

in April,

1823

;

Liverpool Plains," as described by him in Barron Field's

on N.S. AY."

p.

133

(It.

Now we come

to

II.

Cambage and J.1I.M).

southern localities

Near Coal Mine, Berrima (J.1I.M.)
" Blue Peppermint," Wingello
J.

Rumsey;

"Blue-leaved

of country

in

(Jerrawa .Shales).
Shearsbyj.

;

—
Jerrara, near

Bungonia (H.

L.

J.

Rumsey);

;

Typical of the Idlest growth on an extensive

the Jerrawa district.

farming or grazing, as the

:

Boorman and J.H.M.) Barber's Creek (II.
"Turpentine,"
Apple" .Marulan (A. Murphy);
(J.

"Messmate," "Bastard Stringybark."
bell

from Bathurst to
"Geographical Memoirs

see his. "Journal of a route

soil

The country

consists of a barren

it

grows

in

is

useless

for

sandy shale of Silurian age

Sec Proc. Aunt. Ansae. A'lr. Science

xiii,

100 [1011] (A.

J.


—

3
" Silvor-lcavecl
distillation.

generally called " Turpentine,

Peppermint,"

Fairly abundant in

country along the small

flats

Gunning and Yass

and

districts,

watercourses " (G.

H.

used

for

oil

and grows on very poor

Sheaffe).

Yass to Bowning, 2} miles out, 1,600 feet above sea-level. (11. H. Cambage,
No. 2,03G); Yass (Revd. J. W. Dwyer). Tree about 30 feet, trunk matted stringybark up to brandies, then strips oil', near Gundaroo (Revd. J. W. Dwyer). About

Bark ragged, fibrous, matted, reddish brown on
trunk and larger limbs, llicn on smaller limbs coming off in strips and curling
inwards, leaving creamy-white smooth branchlets." Nelanglo Creek, near Gundaroo,
also hills near Burrinjuck and Goodradigbee (R,evd. J. W. Dwyer).
40

feet

appearance of Stringybark.

;

Lake George (Revd. Dr. Woolls).
Tumut, in varying degrees of glaucousness (E. Betche, W. W. Froggatt).
Tumut, West Blowering Road and Lacmalac (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.j.
Victoria.
" Peppermint."

Fibrous bark up to 3 inches thick.

Leaves

all lanceolar.

Beechworth (Falck).

AFFINITIES.

This species, while

it

has not

many synonyms

has a most complicated synonymy, and I will

With

1.

E. pulverulenta

In Fragm.

ii,

compared with some species,
endeavour to make tbe situation clear.
as

Sims (the " pulverulenta confusion)."

71 (1860) Mueller, in identifying Bathurst and

specimens (erroneously as we

knew

later)

with E. pulverulenta

name E. cinerea F.v.M.
the name cinerea.

formerly distributed this species under the

knew

later).

'

This

is

the

first

mention of

In 1866 Bentham (B.F1.

iii,

under Mueller's manuscript name.
F.

Mueller {Fragm.

ii,

Lake George

Sims,

says,

(correctly as

he

we

239) described the plant E. cinerea F.v.M.

Bentham

goes on to say

:

70) unites this (E. cinerea) with E. pulverulenta, of which

it

variety, but as far as the specimens go, the differences in the leaf, in the size of the flower,

may be
and

a

in the

shape of the fruit appear to be constant.
It may, however, be an opposite-leaved state of E. dealbata,
and, possibly, as well as that species, a form of E. viminalis.

In
as the "

this passage

Mueller Mas referring to E. pulverulenta, the plant known

Argyle Apple," while Bentham had in his mind the true pulverulenta of

Sims, of which E. pulvigera A. Cunn.

In the " Eucalyptographia

"

is

a synonym.

Mueller again erroneously placed his E. cinerea

under E. pulverulenta Sims, and repeated

this in his

Second Census.

Later on I

followed Mueller, but Messrs. Baker and Smith (" Research on the Eucalypts ")

pointed out that

_£",

pulverulenta Sims and E. cinerea F.v.M. were distinct, and that

Bentham's views were

correct.


—

4

517 [1898]) founded
his E. pulverulenta Sims (F.v.M.) var. lanceolata Howitt following Mueller as

Then Howitt {Troc. Aust.

la.

Assoc. Ado. Science

vii,

regards E. pulcerulenta.
lie says
1.

:

Typical puloerulenta

(As regards the broad-

not found in Victoria.

is

leaved form he is correct so far as the records go, but he was not aware that his
" typical E. pulverulenta " may have narrow lanceolate leaves.)
2.

leaves in

Only that form is found
the aged trees, and this he

in

Victoria with opposed, elongated lanceolar

called E. puloerulenta var. lanceolata.

lie quotes the range of his variety as "

Between the Pilot Eange and
Bcechworth (F.v.M.), near the Ovens River (C. Falek), and in the Ovens district
In Gippsland I hive observed it near Buchan, at Providence Ponds
(D. Ingle).
(between/ the

Avon and

Mitchell Rivers), near Ostler's Creek, on the Walhalla Uoad,

between Darlimurla and Mirboo North, at Monkey Creek between Sale and Port
Albert, and at Moe."

He
He

presented

me

with specimens of

number

says that the

all

he collected.

of flowers in the

head varies from three

His specimens were mostly multiflowered, and his variety lanceolata

is

my

to six.

variety

multijlora (in part) the exception being the three-flowered Victorian specimens.
is

interesting

to

find

that

so

puloerxdenla (as he understood
in

my
2.

E. Stuartiana

Now we come

to

it)

as

Howitt believed

that'

E.

included that Stuartiana which I have included

I invite

cinerea multijlora.

With

keen an observer

It

my

readers to peruse his very interesting paper.

F.v.M. (the "Stuartiana confusion").

E. Stuartiana, and the muddle becomes greater

still.

I desire at the outset to point out that there arc three E. Stuartianas

F.v.M.

in botanical literature.
(1)

E. Gunnii Hook,

Let

me

f.,

call this

var. acercula (E. acercula

Hook.

f.).

Stuartiana prima.
var. multijlora

{Stuartiana secunda).

(2)

E. cinerea F.v.M.,

(3)

E. Stuartiana F.v.M., the But But (E. Bridr/esiana

It.

T. Baker)

(Stuartiana tertia).
I shall

as

E. Stuartiana F.v.M.,

E. Gunnii

viz.,

I

I

have adopted

come

to the

series.

Mueller,
statement.

when I come to the plant which

the " But But," and again when

return to the subject

under

Eucalyptographia

(He has Stuartiana secunda

" In the systematic definition

Bucalypt, the leaves of which

narrowed upwards,

rind

in

and

aged

E.

pulverulenta, makes the

following

in his mind's eye.)
in the illustration I

trees

have not included a

become elongated-lanceolar, much

even somewhat sickle-shaped, though their base remains


—

—

rounded and

—

—

.

very short; moreover in the above-mentioned state some of

tlieir stalk

the upper leaves become alternate or seatteied.

This particular Euealypt was

Upper Gippsland by Mr. A. W. Howitt, and near the Ovens River by

noticed in

Mr. C. Falck."

He
' :

c*oes

There

on
is

to sav

:

every reason to assume that

it is

merely a state of E. puloerulenta

{cinerea) mediating a transit to E. Stuartiana {cinerea var.) "

He

<*oes

on

" Indeed,

to sav

:

(my

parcntbeses).

—

was with some reluctance that E. puloerulenta became at all
accepted into the present work, from which all dubious species for distinct
illustration

it

have been and are

And

again,

" This finally

bushy

be ri^orouslv excluded."

to

state,

narrow-leaved form of E. puloerulenta, when yet in

has the leaves

form, contrarily to what

is

all

broad and opposite

That E. cinerea in

its

(p. 4).

accentuates his view of the dimorphic character of E. cinerea

when he

:

"

As remarked

already, E. puloerulenta (cinerea)

Stuartiana (cinerea multijlora) only in
last

felt

That E. cinerea was connected by a transit form with E. Stuartiana
(that particular one which I have named E. cinerea var. multijlora)

(h)

He

;

typical form could not be separated from Howitt

and Ealck's specimens

adds

young

noted elsewhere."

These passages prove that Mueller
(a)

its

but they do not continue in that

mentioned congener

much

(My

alike."

At

holding the same relation to the

amygdalina, as E. melanophloia to E.

as E. llisdoni to E.

The bark

crehra

its foliage,

distinguishable from E.

is

of E. Stuartiana

and

of

E. pulverulent a are very

parentheses.)

523 of my " Useful Native Plants of Australia" (18S9) I stated that

p.

E. pulverulenta Sims (E. cinerea E.v.M. was meant)
Stuartiana (secunda.

—J.II.M.),

and

it

is

a question

is

very closely allied to E.

whether they ought not to be

united."
2a. E.

Stuartiana E.v.M. var.

cordata Baker and Smith in " Researches

34S (1902),
Mr. Baker repeats that Ilowitt's E. pulverulenta var. lanceolata should now be E.

In Proc. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Science

on the Eucalypts," 103 (1902).

Biker and Smith describe the flowers

Stuartiana E.v.M. var. cordata.

than three in the umbel

though only
3.

With

When

in part

B

with Ilowitt's

E. Gunnii

Hook.

E. cinerea

threes, the general

thus their plant

;

is

f.

is,

is

identical with

my

as

more

variety multijlora,

var. lanceolata.

var. rubida

Maiden

(E. ritbida

in the lanceolate leaf stage, with

Dcanc and Maiden).
its

glaucous fruits in

appearance of the specimens renders them very liable to be

6
confused with the above

have often been surprised at the

I

tree.

The

similarity.

timbers are also a good deal alike, but E. cinerea has a soft fibrous bark, while that

smooth one.

of E. Gunnii var. rubida has a

In the Abstract of Proceeding, Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 29th July, 1391, the
Rev. Dr. Woolls exhibited some manna as from " E. pnlvei'ulenta " (cinerea was

came from E. Gunnii

intended) at Buckley's Crossing, which really

With

4.

E.

Stuartiana F.v.M.

(tertia),

am now making

I

form

the

have adopted as E.

I

a comparison with E. cinerea var.

(See below.)

nova-anglica.

Where

F.v.M

Stuartiana

var. rubida.

name

the two forms occur together the latter goes by the

of

Black

The former has a white
Peppermint and the former White Peppermint or Apple.
zigzag or wrinkled bark, thicker and much paler in colour than that of the Black
Peppermint.

and

son),

E. Stuartiana has thickish, fleshy leaves, largish fruits (in compari-

Stuartiana

is

when young.

non-glaucous, except

different shape to those of var. nova-anglica.

peppermint, and are often eaten by

With

5.

The

of a diffei*cnt shape to those of var. nova-anglica.

foliage of E.

buds are glabrous and of a
leaves possess a less odour of

Its

Its

cattle.

E. cordata Labill.

E. pvilverulenia (cinerea) has the branchlets generally more slender and not acute-angular, the
leaves not crenulated, but dotted with roundish almost uniform oil-pores, the flowers generally smaller,

the tube of the flowering calyx

downward

obconically attenuated, while the lid

is

less

depressed, the fruit

more top-shaped, and has a comparatively broader rim the convergent free part of the valves
emanates almost at a level with the calyx edge and arises not distinctly beneath the rim. The furrow
between the discal lining and the calyx-tube is running just beneath the edge of the fruit, not forming a
faint vertical channel around the rim. (Eucalyptographia, under E. cordata.)
is

smaller,

;

Nevertheless,

not always easy to separate E. cinerea from E. cordata on

it is

herbarium specimens alone.
threes

in E. cinerea this

;

Compare Plate 84

is

I have not seen

E. cordata with flowers in more than

uncommon.

not

(E. cordata) with Plate 89 (E. cinerea).

In the typical

forms of both species the flowers are in threes, but they are larger in E. cordata,

and the

fruits of

there

a

is

E. cinerea arc domed.

The anthers

good deal of resemblance in the leaves.

The leaves are usually thinner than those
character which must be employed with caution.

The bark

of E. cinerea

is

With

Compare
Plate

Hook.

E. Risdoni

figure

of E.

is

a

less of a Stringy-

smooth or ribbony.

is

f.

1 of Plate 90 (E. cinerea, var.

32 (E. Risdoni).

cordata, but this

always fibrous, partaking more or

bark character, that of E. cordata
0.

are not very dissimilar and

There

is

mutlijlora) with figure 1 of

a good deal of resemblance between the two

But the anthers are
different, the opercula are hemispherical in E. Risdoni, the fruits thin rimmed and
not domed in the same species, while E. Risdoni is smooth barked,
species,

both have stem-clasping and lanceolate leaved forms.


With

7.

E. globulus, Labill.

E. pulverulcnta, Link.

{Euume ratio, page

"Eucalyptographia," E. globulus

Labill., the

31)

is,

according to Mueller

confusion having undoubtedly arisen

through the glaucousness and the shape of the sucker leaves of the
specimen of E. globulus, probably collected by Verreaux, and labelled
lenta,

latter.

A

" E. pulccru-

Tasmanie, No. 85, ex herbario Mussei Parisiensis, 1844," in herb. Barbey-

Boissier,

is

additional evidence of the confusion between these two species that

formerly existed.
If Plate 79 be referred to

it

will be seen

and E. cinerea F.v.M. are not very

Labill.

that the relations of E. globulus

close.

/

Varieties.
1.

var. multiflora, var. nov.

2.

var. nova-anglica, var. nov. (see p. 9).

[Further investigations in regard to the climatic variations of these two

forms are necessary.]
var. multiflora var. nov.

1.

A

tree usually of

medium

size,

but

it

may

attain a height of about 100 feet,

bark softly fibrous, branches smooth, timber reddish and inferior
Juvenile foliage

Mature

(b)

Flowers in more than threes.

is

quality.

cordate or ovate lanceolate.

(a)

(c)

form that

sessile,

in

leaves cordate to lanceolate.

The peduncles usually

in both axils as in the

normal form.

It

is

this

depicted as E. Shiartiana by Mueller in the Eucalyptographia.

RANGE.
It

would appear

to

be confined to south-eastern

New

South Wales and the

eastern half of Victoria.

New
Bark

like

in diameter.

South Wales.

mahogany, wood dark red when

Common

in

barba to Victorian border

swampy heathy
(J. S.

flats.

Grows 30 feet and 1 foot
Eden to Cape Howe, also Narra-

fresh.

Allan).

"Bastard Box," grows to a large size, has a persistent Grey Box bark to the
branches, found growing on high land.
Grows from Shoalhaven to Victoria, near

Wolumla
89,

and

by

its

(J. S.

differs

Allan).

This specimen has pedicellate flowers like Figure 10, Plato

somewhat from the preceding specimen, perhaps

occurrence

in better

drained localities.

to

be accounted for


8

Victoria.

Bark fibrous, bark on upper ends of brandies and on smaller branches almost
quite smooth and clean, old bark peeling- oil' in thin flakes.
Loaves long, thick,
heavy dense foliage.
Mount Lookout near Bairnsdalc (II. Hopkins). With
pedicellate flowers like Figure 10, Plate 89, not to be distinguished from Allan's

Wolumla (N.S.W.)

specimens.

Buchan Road, about

7

Buchan.

miles south of

throughout the lowlands of East Gippsland.

Also in various places

Also along the road between Sale and

Port Albert, and near Boolarra (the latter apparently a

less coarse variety).

Bark, fibrous, rough, or somewhat scaly, or resembling a stringy bark,

and branches. A small scraggy tree, occasionally, and as
Boolarra, attaining more shapely proportions, usually small not more than 20
30 feet high, on low sandy flats. Leaves of suckers and young saplings cordate
persistent on stem

broadly ovate,

sessile,

at

to

or

opposite changing in older trees to longer and narrower,

shortly stalked opposite or alternate, or frequently without stalks, sessile opposite

but elongated leaves on old
adult

trees,

and

kinds quite

all

commonly found on

the same

Old leaves thick and leathery, young foliage often the same, but

tree.

generally thinner and softer and dull green, or most frequently covered with a thick
white or bluish " bloom," as is also the buds and small branchlcts, giving the tree
a

"silvery"

Wood

is

appearance,

dense, hard

would be durable.

wood appears

to

hence the local

and sound.

So

far as

I

name "Silver-leaved

Appears from the debris in the bush as

know

it

is

not used for any purpose.

resemble the Syncarpia (Turpentine) of N.S.W.

"Bed Stringybark," grows on swampy
through A. W. Howitt).
The following additional specimens were
A.

W.

Stringybark."

Buchan

ground.

collected

(II.

if it

Bark and

Hopkins).
(T.

O'Rourkc

by Mr. (afterwards Dr.)

Howitt.

Oakleigh (near Black Plat)

;

Monkey

Creek, South Gippsland;

mostly cordate and up to eight flowers in axils)

North Gippsland

;

;

Croydon; Boolara

;

Moc

(leaves

Dargo Road,

Bunyip.

The following

is

an excellent account of the tree as

it

occurs in the Melbourne

district.
"Council'* Hotel, about

2 mile; from Melbourne on the Lilydale road
about 15-18 miles from town. The tree is about ^
uicti /;'. macr&rrhyncha and o^liqua.
One observer calls ii

soft, s-omi'wliat In!

colour

of

the timber, the

sometimes called Apple

Stringybark."

(

latter

Gum

to

1

plentiful along the road

t

Healesville.

Eeel

It

is

very

high, hark stringy but

Mahogany because

of the

being apparently of poor quality.

for wanl of a

Towards Anderson's Cretk it is
better name; near the Antimony Mines it is the ordinary

(Late J. U. Luehmann).

Nunawadtng (1). Boyle, J.II..M.)
DanJenong Mountain
Ringwood (C. Walter, R. II. Cambage).
;

Boyle, .T.H.M.);

(F.

Mueller,

1).


—

9
2.

Var. nova any Ilea, var. nov.
(a)

Flowers in more than threes.

(o)

Mature leaves always

lanceolate,

never flowers in the broad-

i.e., it

leaved sta«e.

The peduncles usually not

(c)

and

in pairs in the axils as in the

normal form

var. mnltijlora.

SYNONYM.

E. nova-anglica Deane and Maiden in Broc. Linn. Soc. N.S.TF. xxiv, 610
(With a plate) described as follows
(1899).
:

It

is

gregarious and occupies considerable areas, often to the exclusion of

other arboreal vegetation

Bark.—Dark

(J.

F. Campbell).

straight bark (hence the local

name "Black Peppermint"),

thinner than that of B. Stuartiana ("'"White Peppermint" or "Apple"). Semipersistent on the trunk, more or less ribbony on the boughs and deciduous on the
ultimate branchlets.

Timber.

— Of a pinkish or pale red colour when

It is of a soft nature, liable to rapid decay

on reaching maturity.

value, but used for fencing in the absence of

Sucker Lcaces.

fresh, drying to a pale colour.

Of no commercial

more durable timber.

— Intensely glaucous, often 3 inches long and 2^ inches broad.

Orbicular to cordate, often stem-clasping.

Twigs inclining

to quadrangular in very

early stage.

Mature Leaves.— Lanceolate, and, when

fully mature, 3 to 4 inches long,

and

Veins strongly marked, pinnate and anastomosing,
the intramarginal vein at some distance from the edge, the midrib and the intra-

half an inch wide on the average.

marginal veins often pink, as are sometimes the other veins, while the leaf itself is
On the same twig it is a common
often suffused with a tinge of the same colour.
occurrence to obtain the

abundance

ordinary mature

glabrous

foliage

interspersed with

and of various stages towards the
The foliage has a strong peppermint odour. The twigs are

of glaucous foliage of similar shape

normal sucker

foliage.

round.

Buds.— From two or three to six in an umbel, but clusters of four or five are
commonest.
On a flattened stalk of about a quarter of an inch, the stalklets less
flattened

and

less

The buds glaucous and often
the operculum somewhat pointed. The operculum

than half the length of the

pink or purplish, ovoid, the top of

usually about the same size as the calyx-tube.

stalks.


10
Flowers.

—The

Stamens apparently

yellow filaments.

with

usually borne in great profusion, with bright

flowers are

parallel, distinct cells, style of

and dilated a

by the drying

size,

but always under a quarter of an inch in

domed rim

hemispherical, with a well-defined more or less
indifferently three or four in
Size.

becomes a

;

and more."

much

In shape nearly

the valves, which are

number, exscrted, and sometimes well exsertcd.

— " A healthy mature tree seldom exceeds 6 feet in

shell of

anthers

;

of the filament,

usually glaucous, but sometimes entirely glabrous.

;

bud

moderate length, the stigma nearly flat-topped

—Variable somewhat in

Fruits.

diameter

inflected in the

the appearance of the dilatation beiug increased by the con-

little,

striction caused

and

all fertile

and grows

larger proportions,

which

girth, after

to a height of

some 50

it

feet

(J.E.C.)

RANGE.
New

This variety appears to be confined to

England,

New

South Wales, and

the extension of that elevated tableland into Southern Queensland.
" Black

Peppermint."
Walcha and New England generally (J. F.
Campbell); Bergen-op-Zoom and Walcha.
(J.H.M.)
Yarrowitch to Tia and
;

Walcha (J.H.M.).
Besides " Black Peppermint " this species also goes under the

Peppermint"
grows on

New

in

slate

and

England.

Mr.

J. E.

Campbell, of Walcha,

basaltic flats of fair quality of

name

tells

of "

me

Red

that

it

It prefers the clay soil
derived from the silurian slate to that of the heavier basalt on the lighter granite.
I

have seen large quantities of manna produced by
"

The timber

A

seasoning.

dead

of

this

tree,

species

made

split in halves

young
and used for

sound when dug up."

W.

posts.

feet.

Int. Exh., 1879, I exhibited a piece

It

The

log

was

had been erected about 1844, and was quite

Monna

Plains, in

lift.)

Bark grey, and of " box " character, up to small
Between the Chandler and the Styx Rivers, Armidale

Howitt.)

Lfthgothlin, near Guyra.

"Red

the sap timber,

tree of this species 10 inches in diameter.

branches, which arc smooth.
(A.

At the

(A. R. Crawford,

Tree of about 50
district.

when cut through

apparently quite sound

of a

this variety.

very good as posts, but apt to split in

is

has cracks running into the heartwood.
of a post

soil.

(W. Dunn.)

or Black Peppermint."

and thence very abundant on
and J.H.M.).

flats

and

Tinglm

to

Guyra, 21 miles from the

level land (R. II. Cambnjyc, J. L.

latter,

Boorman,

11

Deepwatcr (J. L. Boorman)
Bon Lomond, top of the mountain (J.H.M.)
" Peppermint Box," hark rough, rather fibrous
Glen Inncs (II. Deane) " Bed
Peppermint," Cottesbrooke, and Tcnterfield to Sandy Plat generally (J.H.M.)
;

;

;

;

;

" Black Peppermint," Boonoo Boonoo

(J. L.

Boorman)

;

" Peppermint,"

Gwydir,

13th April, 1843 (Dr. L. Leichhardt).

" Tall tree,

(C. Stuart).

trunk seldom of

much

diameter.

Peppermint,

New

England

"

Doubtfully referred to B. niminalis by Bentham.

Queensland.
Stanthorpe
(Collector of P.

M.

(J.

L.

Boorman

Bailey).

;

also collector

of F.

M.

Bailey)

;

Killarney


—

—

—

—

12

DESCRIPTION.

CXIV.
With

Following

is

triiloris axillaribus

It

t.

pulveridenta Sims,

20S7,

the original description

Operculo hemispluviieo,
pedunoulis

E.

foil's

cum

Eo

f
.

Mag. 1819.

:

oppositis orbiculato-cordatis integerriinis subcucullalis pulverulentis,

Qoribus folia brevioribus.

was of course accompanied by a

plate.

Sims designated

it

" Heart-leaved

Eucalyptus."

was then described by Bentham in the Flora Auslraliensis, B.F1. iii, 223,
with the note that "F. Mueller (Fragm. ii, 70) considers this to be the same as his
It

JS.

cinerea, but as far as our specimens go,

it

appears to differ in the foliage, in the

larger sessile flowers, and in the larger thicker fruit with a very prominent thick

rim."

Mueller did not change his opinion, and in his " Eucalyptographia " figured,
as E. pulverulenta Sims, his own E. cinerea.
Subsequently Mr. 11. IT. Cambage
rediscovered

Cunn.

;

it,

for

it is

a very local species,

and

it

was

identified as E. pulvigera A.

and by Messrs. Baker and Smith as the original E. pulverulenta

of Sims,

thus confirming Bentham's contention.

As

regards

"Eucalyptographia," not only

the

did

Mueller

figure

E.

cinerea as E. pulverulenta, as already narrated, but he figured E. cinerea as E.

Sluarliana.

SYNONYMS.
E. pulvigera A.

].

Cunn.

In Allan Cunningham's Manuscript Journal of a journey
is

the following entry

Cox's River, 8th Oct., 1822.
l'.ickI

specimens,

viz.

to Bathurst, p. 8,

:

A

species of

Eucalyptus related

to cordala, Labill., also afforded

me

:

E. ful ritj, ra fruticosa albo-'glauceacens, operculo bcmisplierico aculo foliis oppositis so ssilibus basi
Bubconnatis suborbiculatis retu is, apice cuspidatis margino incrassatis uudulatis, umbellis axillaribus pediccllatis

•">

A

floria oppositifolius, pedicellia

brevissimis teretibus.

large shrub about * feel high.

Subsequently in Barron Field's "Geographical Memoirs on New South
Wales," p. 350 (1825), he described it under the name E. pulvigera in the Following
words
:

Fruticosa, albo-glaucescexi

operculo liemisphserico acuto, Eoliia oppositis seesilibus liasi Bubconnatis
suborbiculatis retusis, apice cuspidatis, margine incrassatis undulatis, umbellis axillaribus pedicellai is 8uoris, pedicellis brevi

irai

.

teretibus.

Near Cox's River.


13

On

the typo specimen at

Kcw

locality

its

described as "

is

Rocky

Hills, Cox's

River."
Sprengel, Sgsf.

Vegetabllium

submutico, pedunculis

ii,

501, lias " E. pulverulenta Ker, opcrculo

cordato-orbiculatis subcucullatis pul-

3-floris, foliis oppositis

vcrulcntis."

In DC. Prod,
cordata Ilort. Berol.

iii,

is

221,

it is

described under

quoted as a synonym.

I

and E.

E. pulverulenta Sims,

have seen a specimen, and

it

is

E.

pulverulenta Sims (E. pulvigcra A. Cunn.).

In D. Don's Gen. Hist Dichlam. Plants
for Sims' Bot.

he quotes

Mag.

t.

208, and as distinct

E. pulverulenta as

ii,

&21, E. pulverulenta Sims

from E. pulvigcra A. Cunn.
it

descriptions he quotes do not sufficiently contrast the plants to
is

quoted

Although

introduced into cultivation in 1816 (Sims' figure

dated 1S19) and E. pulvigcra in 182i (Cunningham collected

really

is

in 1822), the

is

two

show whether he

describing two species or not.

One can

surmise

fairly

how E.

pulvigcra (Sims' pulverulenta) got into culti-

Certainly the original grower did not get seed so early

vation as early as 1816.

from Allan Cunningham, who only arrived in

New

South Wales in December, 1816.

was collected during Macquarie's progress to Bathurst in 1815,
and that it may have been collected by Lewin, Avho was artist and naturalist.
Under date 30th April, 1815, Major II. C. Antill notes in his diary near the Cox's
It

is

probable that

River

:

it

—

" After divine service was over, some of the party mounted their horses and took a ride to Mt.
Blaxland, and another gentleman and myself took a sober walk up the river for about 2 miles, where we
Having collected some seeds and plants along
met with a waterfall extending across the river.
.

the bed of the river on the

The

way

.

.

up," kc.

track, such as

it

was, passes near a patch of E. pulverulenta Sims, not

would be a temptation to ascend Mt.
Blaxland, and seeds of this peculiar looking plant would form a memento of the
ascent.
It could have been got nowhere else, although there is no specific mention
of the collection of seed of it until Cunningham collected it seven years later and
far

from the foot of Mt. Blaxland, while

called

2.

it

it

pulmgera.

E.

rigida Doffing.

Mueller,

" Eucalyptographia,"

referable to E. pulverulenta.

I

indicates

E.

rigida

Ilofi'mg.,

threw doubt upon this suggestion at

as probably

vol. 1, p. 271, of

the present work, since I followed Mueller in looking upon the plant under reference
as E. pulverulenta F.v.M. non Sims (E. cinereaV.vM.), whose foliage

is

not specially

would certainly be appropriate to E. pulverulenta Sims
(E. pulmgera A. Cunn.), and so Mueller's surmise was sounder than he thought it

rigid; but the

was.

C

word

rigid


14
3.

Loddiges non

E. cor data
It

is

stated to be " a native of

"we

Also, that

Hot. Cab.,

Labill.,

Van

See

Diernen's Land," which

a mistake.

is

also,

" 232 E. cordata Locldig. Bot. Cab.

hybernaculis

in

328 (1819).

cannot entertain a doubt of this plant being the E. cordata of

Labillardiere."

rarisissime

t.

et in

florent,

dignoscuntur, dubias itaque tantum

Hab.
foliis

Eucalypti species

in Australia,

hinc

sunt,

siinillirna?

licuit proponere species " (Link's

difficile

Enumeratio,

p. 31.)

And

again

Eucalyptus

cordata,

Caulis

Lucid.

orbieulari-ovata, brevissinie obtuse apieulata,
1' lg.,

reticulato-venosa,

Nachtr.

ii,

1}'

Odor

It.

teres.

Folia

opposita,

glabra, pruiuoso-glauca,

et sapor

vix

subuordata,

sub-transverso-

membranaeeo-coriacea,

partium omnium valde aromatica.

subtiliter

(Hoffuig. Vcrz. Pji.

232).

p.

RANGE.
It

New

confined to

is

found in three

localities

—

Mountains, also near Apsley

South Wales, so far as we know, having only been
around and upon Mt. Blaxland, just over the Blue
in the

Bathurst

district,

about twenty miles further

westward.

The only other
not improbable that

abundant.

It

is

it

locality

is

near Cooma, in the southern

may be found

in intermediate localities.

district,

and

At no place

it

is

is it

a scraggy, spindly, tall shrub, apparently a disappearing species.

There are three specimens on one sheet in Herb. Cant, ex herb. Lindl., bearing

two

labels,

New

Holland, Major Mitchell's Expedition,

183—"

1.

" Interior of

2.

"Height, 7 feet; habit, weeping; summit of Mt. Blaxland, Eraser."

These specimens bear the label "E. pulvigera " Cunningham, and are identical

with Cunningham's type specimens.

No.

1

specimen was probably collected on the Expedition on which Richard

Cunningham was

killed (1835).

No. 2 specimen was probably collected during Oxley's expedition
in 1817,

when Allan Cunningham was

collecting for

his

1822

first

diary,

named

which

is

it

on the 1817

the

Cox's River, where

first

it

trip, I

west

Kew, and Eraser (afterwards

Superintendent, Sydney Botanic Gardens) was collecting for Earl Bathurst.

Cunningham

to the

do not know.

allusion to this species by

I

"Whether

have already quoted

him known

to

mc.

was collected by Allan Cunningham and described by

him as E. pulvigera in Barron
II. Cambage and J.II.M.).

Eield's " Geographical

Memoirs on N.S.W." (R.


15
Fifteen feet high and up to 3 inches in diameter.
pretty uniform diameter

A

long,

weak trunk

of

—say 2 inches, on the average — quite prostrate, quite erect,
Smooth gum, small ribbons. Circular leaf
Peduncles up to half an incb. On the summit of Mt-

and also spreading and ramhling.
scars all

round trunk.

Blaxland, and also on ridge one mile north of Bridge.

Small trees from 10

colour, tough

;

bark white, showing ribbons

;

leaves glaucous.

On

west of the road between Rockley and Perth.
schist formation (R.

On

Wood

30 feet long, about 3 inches in diameter.

to

pale

Apsley, Bathursti

the south side of

hill,

in

mica

H. Cambagc).

Silurian slate

Cooma, 10-15 feet high.
Cambage, No. 1,922).

near

hills

Covvra Creek, about 20 miles north-east of

Scarce, occurring in small patches of an acre or so (R.

H.

AFFINITIES.
With

1.

E. cinerea P.v.M.

Both under the present species and under E. cinerea P.v.M. I have given a

It is the
full account of the confusion which has arisen between these two species.
normal form of E. cinerea which has been confused with it, before it passes into the
lanceolate form.
E. pulverulenta is a. much smaller plant, has smooth bark with
ribbons, the leaves are

With

2.

more

rigid,

but the

fruits of

of Plate 54.

With E. cordata
See

p. 283,

Compare
large tree

more

;

Part

This

is

another cordate,

E. pulverulent a are in threes and

while the anthers are different.
3.

fruits are larger.

E. melanophloia P.v.M.

Compare Figures 1-4
species,

and the

E. melanophloia

much

sessile

leaved

and

sessile,

larger

an Ironbark, and a

is

tree.

Labill.

XIX

of the present work.

also Plates 83

E. pulverulenta

is

and

84.

E. cordata

may

always a spindly shrub.

or less ornate, those of the latter are entire

valves of the fruits of E. pulverulenta are usually

that the species are closely allied.

attain the size of a fairly

The

and

more

leaves of the former are

thicker.
exsert.

The tips of the
But it is obvious

—

—

16

DESCRIPTION.
CXV.

cosmophylla F.v.M.

E.

Trans.

Shrubbv, leaves

Vict.

Inst.

32 (1S55).

alternate, thick, coriaceous, opaque, glaucescent ovate or falcate-

lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, thinly veined, destitute of pellucid dots, peduncles

with one-three large flowers on thick pedicels,

short, axillary, angulate,

lid

hcmi-

spherico-depressed, mutic or umbonate, or conically pointed, tube of the

calyx

ohconico-bell-shaped, with two indistinct ribs, a

fruits

little

longer than the

lid,

half-ovate, not contracted at the orifice, valves of the capsule nearly enclosed.

One

stony places in the Lofty and Bugle Ranges (South Australia).

On

hand-

of the

somest species of this extensive genus.

A

little later

on

it

was described by Miquel in the following words

Eucalyptus cosmophylla F. Mull.

ramis cylindricis, ramulis angulatis et compressis,

:

:

foliis

lanceolatis falcatis acuminafcis, basi oequali vel imequali in petiolum decarrentibus, coriaceiis,

ovato-

margine

incrassatis et leviter recurvis, glaucis, supra subnitentibus, subtus opacis, pedunculis crassis angulatis vulgo

imbrevissimum quasi

trigonis tritluris, floribus sessiiibus, calycis tubo obovato vulgo quadricostato basi

pedieellurn eonstricto, operculo semigloboso brevi-acutiusculo

In jugis montium- Lofty Range

"Frutex

(

quam tubus paulo

breviore.

F. Mull.).

1-2 litis.
Flores nondura expansi rugulosi cum operculo
autumno." (F. Mull, mss.) Folia speciminuru suppetentium vulgo pollice
angustiora venulis patulis prope marginem unitis subdistinctis, Pedunculi 2 lin. vulgo longi, calycis tubus
spectabilis foliis

semipollicares vel longiores,

fere tres lineas ajquans.

Forma

3-5

poll, longis,

rl.

Antheriu elliptic*.

leprosula, ramulis tenuioribus angulatis

cum

pedunculis et inflorescentia scabritie albida

evanesceiite obductis foliis longuiscule petiolatia (petioli majorcs pollicares) falcato-lanceolatis acutis vel
obtusatis, 3-4 poll, longis, i-1 latis, pedunculis cylindricis vel compressis

fcrifloris

(Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch.,

It

iv,

Uressit

was subsequently described by Bentham

shrub, seldom somewhat arborescent."

in B.E1.

who speaks

iii,

of

225,

I

it

and described

This must be modified, as

it

Following is a note given
Conservator of Forests of South Australia.

came across a

specie.

as " a rather tall

attains the height of a middle-sized tree.
Gill,

floribus

cum

131 (1856).

and figured by Mueller in " Eucalyptographia,"

Walter

lin. longis,

2-2i

brevissime pedicellatis (pedicel lis ancipitibus), calycis tubo turbinato infundibuliformi.

sometimes

me by Mr.

Hundred of Kuitpo which measured 2 feet inches through and 11 fuel
and then carried a head reaching to quite 50 feet from the ground. 1 have,
the same locality, but that was the biggest.

tree in the

(J

of a trunk before branching,

seen others of a fair size in

bark

lie described the

The bark on

in

the following terms

:

where the growth is new is usually oE a pinkish grey or bluixh grey
-imilar to the lied Gum (E. rostral*), but on the parts where decortication has nol taken place it re e nblea
in ire the p i'c brown colour an
qii ility.
general leathery app -ir.i:i
f a thick linoleum of goo
The bark
comes off in irregular patches and never hangs in strip-;, and f yr the most part the general appearance of a
trunk is smooth shiny-grey, purple or pink being the preponderating colour.
parts of the trunk

I

Standing
flakv."

in front of

I

a

tre< %

on one occasion I described

its

bark as "smoot.h-


—

.

—

17

The timber
Gill

gave

me

is

of a red colour,

the following notes

and not

of great

economic importance.

Mr.

:

I took the opportunity of working some of it at Kuitp
and on mortising the holes i >r slip-panel
found the timber to be quite the easiest cutting gum I have yet come across, as the chisel cuts it
So easy does >• seem after working other gums such as
readily and the auger bores it with equal facility.
And yet I find
foueoxylon, obliqua an:l fasciculosa that one almost begins to doubt its value for lasting.
that people in the districts where it does not grow are in the habit of getting it if they can for stockyard
poits, as, combined with its easy working nature, it possesses a character for lasting well in the ground.
>,

mils,

,

I

found

it

to split readily on

"

the quarter, but to " back

badly with irregular fracture along the

annual rings of growth.
It

is

called " Scrub

The

foliage

Gum

is

"

by some, but

has, I believe, other vernacular appellations.

usually thick ish and coarse, but

it

varies

This species obeys the general rule that leaves arc

from the top

somewhat

much

smaller

in size.

when taken

of a tall tree.

Varieties.

named varieties of this species, but he
and may have abandoned them altogether.

Mueller distributed two

them

in recent years,

1.

Var. leprosula.

Following

is

lost sight of

a translation of the description already given

:

Branches rather slender, angular, the peduncles and the inflorescence covered
by a whitish evanescent roughness. The leaves have somewhat long petioles (the
petioles are thicker by a thumb's breadth), falcate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 3-4

inches long, ^-1 broad, peduncles cylindrical or compressed, 3 flowered, 2-2^ lines
long, flowers shortly pedicellate (pedicels ancipitous), the calyx-tube turbinate and
funnel-shaped.
I saw a specimen in Mueller's handwriting in a European herbarium labelled
" Mt. Lofty, has calyx more angled and operculum more pointed than usual " (see

notes on the figures at page 22)
2.

Var. rostrigera.

Mueller reads

I have not seen a formal description of this, but a label

as follows

:

— " Var.

Operculum more beaked than

rostrigera,

Fe'rd.

Mull.,

by

Mt, Barker Ranges.

usual.'"

RANGE.
confined to South Australia, chiefly in the ranges around Adelaide, and
to Kangaroo Island.
In the island it is called " Bog Gum," since it grows in
It

is

same time Mueller quotes Waterhouse as
finding it on bushy ridges.
On the mainland it is not found further from Adelaide
than the hills around Encounter Bav.
In Mt. Lofty Range often accompanied by Stringybark {E. obliqua) and
Pink Gum (E. fasciculosa) (W. Gill). Following are specific localities for some
The Mount Lofty Range generally
specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney
"Blue Gum," Mt. Lofty (Max Koch); Mylor (W. Gill); Bridgcwater (J. M.
Black) Aldgate (R. II. Cambage and J.II.M.) Kuitpo Forest, near TVillunga
(W. Gill) Harriet River, Kangaroo Island (Dr. and Mrs. R, 8. Rogers) Kangaroo
stagnant,

swampy

depressions

;

at the

:

;

;

;

;

Island

—

(J. Staer).

;