BAI TAP MENH DE QUAN HE TONG HOP

BÀI TẬP VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
(RELATIVE CLAUSES)
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Mệnh đề quan hệ(relative clause) còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ(adjective clause) vì nó là một mệnh đề phụ được
dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tiền ngữ). Mệnh đề quan hệ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các
đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoun) WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs)
WHERE, WHEN, WHY.Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
I/ Cách dùnh đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ :
1.WHO: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ
Ex: The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
2.WHOM: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ.
Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
Whom làm tân ngữ có thể lượt bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ex: The boy we are looking for is Tom.
3.WHICH: đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: This is the book which I like best.
Which làn tân ngữ có thể lượt bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ex: this is the book I like best.
4. THAT: đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật. That có thể được dùng thay cho Who, whom, which
Ex: That is the book that/which I like best.
My father is the person that/whom I admire most.
Các trường hợp bắt buộc dùng THAT.
-Khi di sau các tiền tố hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật.
Ex: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
-Khi đi sau hình thức so sánh nhất.
Ex: she is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met.
-Khi đi sau các đại từ everything/one, something/one, anything/one, nothing/one, all, little, much, none…và đôi
khi đi sau It is/ was…
Ex: I have said all that I want to say.
 Các trường hợp không được dùng THAT:
-Không được dùng That trong mệnh đề không giới hạn.

Ex:The “Romeo and Juliet”, which (that)I borrowed from you, is an interesting book.
-Không được dùng THAT để thay thế cho WHOSE
Ex: the person whose(that) opinion I respect most is my father.
5. WHOSE: đại từ quan hệ chỉ sự sở hữu, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu
trước danh từ.. Whose luôn luôn đi kèm với danh từ.
Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
II/ Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn)
 Mệnh đề giới hạn là mệnh đề cần thiết làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ mà nếu chúng ta lược
bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì danh từ đó không được hiểu rõ.
Ví dụ: - The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
- The book which you lent me was very interesting.
- The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers have got married again.
 Trong mệnh đề hạn định đại từ quan hệ that có thể dùng để thay thế cho who(m), which.
- The woman who / that is standing over there is my sister.
- The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister.
- The book which / that you lent me was very interesting.
- The book which / that is on the table is mine.
 Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định.
- The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister.
 The woman you met yesterday is my sister.
- The book which / that you lent me was very interesting.
 The book you lent me was very interesting.
2. Non-defining clauses (Mệnh đề không hạn định)
 Mệnh đề không hạn định là mệnh đề bổ sung thêm ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ, nếu chúng ta
bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì danh từ đó vẫn được xác định nhờ vào một số yếu tố sau:


+

Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là một tên riêng (proper name).
- Lan, who lives next door to me, is very pretty.
- Bill Clinton, whose wife is a lawyer, became President of the USA in 1993.
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là một danh từ riêng (proper noun).
- Swimming, which is a good sport, makes our body strong.
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ theo sau tính từ sở hữu (possessive pronouns / case: my, your, his, her,
Mary's, ...).
- My / Mai's sister, who studies with yours, speaks English very well.
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ theo sau tính từ chỉ định demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these, those).
- We study at this school, which used to be a small market.
 Mệnh đề không hạn định ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy (,).
 Đại từ quan hệ that không được dùng để thay thế cho who(m), which
trong mệnh đề không hạn định và sau giới từ.
3. Relative pronouns with prepositions
 Khi đại từ quan hệ đi với giới từ nó làm chức năng tân ngữ (object) cho giới từ. Giới từ có thể đứng trước đại từ
quan hệ hoặc đứng cuối mệnh đề. (Trong văn phong trang trọng giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ.)
 Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ có thể bỏ đi được nhưng giới từ phải giữ lại và đứng cuối mệnh đề.
 Giới từ không được đứng trước THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định.
* Chúng ta hãy xem một số ví dụ:

She is the woman. I told you about her.
- She is the woman
about whom I told you.
- She is the woman
who(m)
I told you about.
- She is the woman
that
I told you about.
- She is the woman

Ø
I told you about.

The music was wonderful. We listened to it last night.
- The music to which we listened last night was wonderful.
- The music which
we listened to last night was wonderful.
- The music that
we listened to last night was wonderful.
- The music Ø
we listened to last night was wonderful.
4. Relative adverbs
 Trạng từ quan hệ when, where, why dùng để giới thiệu một mệnh đề quan hệ, làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ
chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, lý do đứng trước nó, giữ chức năng của một trạng từ.
 Chúng ta hãy xem các ví dụ dưới đây:
- I'll never forget the day. I met you on that day.
 I'll never forget the day when / on which I met you.
- The town is very beautiful. I was born and grew up there.
 The town where / in which I was born and grew up is very beautiful.
- I don't know the reason. He refused such a good job for the reason.
 I don't know the reason why / for which he refused such a good job.
* Lưu ý:
+ in / on / at + which (for place) = where
in / on / at + which (for time) = when
for + which (for reason) = why
+ When có thể lược bỏ trong câu.
I'll never forget the day when I met you.
IV/ Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ.
1.Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm phân từ (participle phrase):
a. present participle phrase: V-ing

b. past participle phrase: V-ed/3
-Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại thay cho mệnh
đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing)
Ex1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
 The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
Ex2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
 Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
-Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ thay cho mệnh
đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V-ed/3)


Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
 The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) hoặc
cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (for + O + to-inf)
Ex1: English is an important language which we have to master.
 English is an important language to master.
Ex2: I am always the first who come and the last who leave.
 I am always the first to come and the last to leave
rút gọn bằng cách dùng động nguyên mẫu có to khi trước danh từ thường có những cụm từ chỉ thứ tự,
duy nhất (the first, second, third…the last, the only…)hoặc chỉ mục đích, so sánh nhất.
EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1. Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3. This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds.
4. Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5. Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ?
6. The hous, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7. Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8. Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ?

9. The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10. I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me.
11. My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12. The old man, ______ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building.
13. The horse, _________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14. We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent.
15. I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left.
EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1. This is the man. I met him in Paris.  _____________________________________________
2. I wanted the painting. You bought it. ___________________________________________
3. This is the chair. My parents gave it to me _______________________________________
4. She’s the woman. She telephoned the police.  _____________________________________
5. He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house. ___________________________________
6. We threw out the computer. It never worked properly. ____________________________
7. This is the lion. It’s been ill recently. _____________________________________________
8. The man was badly injured. He was driving the car. _______________________________
9. The children broke the window. They live in the next street. _________________________
10. That’s the woman. I was telling you about her. ____________________________________
EXERCISE IV: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
A. who B. whose
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.
A. who

B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the
world.
A. which B. whose
C. that
D. A & B are corre
5) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
A. who B. whose
C. that
D.All are correct
6) He’s the man ____ people like at first sight.
A. who
B. whom
C. that D. A & C are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
9) The man____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.


A. who

B. whose
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
10) The artist ____ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
11) Frank invited Janet, ____ he had met in Japan, to the party.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
12 The girl ____design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award.
A. whose
B. whom
C. that
D. which
13) I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
14) There are too many poor people ____ do not have enough to eat in the world.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. which
15) The trees ____ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.
A. whose B. whom

C. who
D. which
16) The teacher ____ teaches us French is coming today.
A. whom B. who
C. that
D. B & C are correct
17) What’s the music to ____ you are listening?
A. whose B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
18) I don’t like the stories ____ have unhappy endings.
A. who B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
19) The students ____ don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
20) Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.
A. who B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
21) Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio?
A. who B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
22) This channel often shows the cartoons of ____ the children are very fond.
A. whom B. which
C. that

D. B & C are correct
23) The dress ____ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well.
A. whom B. which
C. whose
D. B & C are correct
24) Do you know a shop ____ sells good coffee?
A. which B. that
C. whose
D. A & B are correct
25) The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty.
A. whom B. who
C. which
D. A & B are correct
26) She fell in love with a man ____ was from another country.
A. who B. whom
C. which
D. whose
27) I like to write to friends ____ are living far away from me.
A. who B. whom
C. that
D. A & C are correct
28) I bought some pencils ____ are in different colours.
A. whose B. which
C. that
D. B & C are correct
29) She ate an apple ____ was still green.
A. who B. which
C. whose
D. whom
30) This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young.

A. which B. that
C. where
D. A & B are correct
31) Here’s the paper ____ you need.
A. whom B. that
C. who
D. whose
32) The woman ____ has been arrested lives in an apartment.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. A & C are correct
33) The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. A & C are correct
34) The house in ____ I was born is for sale.
A. which B. whom
C. that
D. A & C are correct
35) That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.
A. which B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
36) What is the picture ____ you are looking at?
A. which B. when
C. whose
D. A & C are correct
37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to

drink.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
38) There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. A & B are correct
39) I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.
A. who B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
4o) Do you know the doctor for ____ I send?
A. whom B. that
C. who
D. All are correct
41) The man about ____ I was telling you is standing over there.
A. who B. that
C. whom
D. All are correct
42) The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whom B. that
C. who
D. All are correct
43) This is the man to ____ I gave some money this morning.
A. who B. whom

C. that
D. All are correct
44) This is the result of our work ____ I’m pleased with.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. A & C are correct
45) The problem in ____ we are very interested has been discussed in class.
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. A & C are correct
46) The boy ____ you made fun of yesterday is my cousin.
A. who B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
47)Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
A. who B. whom
C. that
D. All are correct
48) We went to Sandra’s party, ____ we enjoyed very much.
A. which B. whom
C. that
D. who
49) John, ____ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
A. whose B. whom
C. that
D. B & C are correct
50) Sheila, ____ job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
A. whose B. whom

C. that
D. which
51) This new stadium, ____ can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. A & B are correct
VIII: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are
B. be
C. is
D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who
B. which
C. that’s
D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that

B. whom
C. which
D. whose
6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I
B. whom I
C. which I
D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø
B. where
C. she
D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this week.
A. ø
B. that
C. when
D. they
11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it
A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it

B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing
D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing
12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party


A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.
D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.
15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.