ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES V2, HEWITSON

£'nt

ILLUSTEATIONS
OP

NEW SPECIES
OF

EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES,
SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF

W. WILSON SAUNDERS and WILLIAM

BY

WILLIAM

C.

VOL.

C.

HEWITSON.

,„^h

HEWITSON

II.

JOHN VAN VOOEST, LONDON.
1857—1861.
(^c^bA-S


LONDON

:

WOODFALL AND KINDER,

PRINTEIIS, ANGEI. COURT,

SKINNER STREET.


INTRODUCTION.

The

work has been

author's sole object in the production of this

correct pictorial representations of the exquisite things

through

He

life.

believes that there

to leave behind

him

which have been to him a

jo}'^

nothing higher or more worthy of

is

his

He

ambition than the simple child-like study of the works of his and their Creator.
beheves each species in itself perfect
Creator

and

;

if

and

as

it

first

came from the hands of the

he could believe in the transmutation of species or that there was

one grain of truth in the chaotic jumble of Mr. Darwin, his life-long pleasure and

He

occupation would be taken from him.

has himself experienced so

much

pleasure

in identifying

from a good figure any species which descriptions have

elucidate, that,

encouraged by his own experience and the kind aid of his friend, Mr.

Wilson Saunders, who bears half the
to proceed with a third volume.

At

loss sustained in its publication,

commencement

the

the study of the Diurnal Lepidoptera had been so

were crowded with undescribed species

much

he

failed

is

to

induced

of this work, ten years ago,

neglected that our collections

except in England, where the " Genera of

;

Diurnal Lepidoptera " had just been brought to a conclusion, scarcely anything had

been done of

late years

towards their

illustration.

Since then

Dr. Boisduval has described the butterflies of California;
the

" Revue

numerous
Imperial

Magasin de Zoologie

et

species

Museum

;"

of St. Petersburg

;

790

figures) have

been given

Horsfield and

than 500) remain imnamed.
of islands,

in this

publication of this

work

is still

The author cannot allow

;

to Dr.

Gray

and figured

Moore have described and

Museum

412 new

;

illus-

species

work, and yet numbers of species (not

Mr. Wallace

expressing his sincere thanks to those

several species in

described

exploring the

New

and abundant materials arc accumulated from which to

for our third volume.

has been done.

a Catalogue of the Lepidoptera in the

trated the Butterflies in the collection of the East Lidia

(with

M. Lucas

Dr. Felder has

M. Menetries has published

;

much

who have

less

Guinea group

select illustrations

this opportunity to pass without

so kindly aided

for the facilities of access

him during the
which have been


INTRODUCTION.

iv

Museum

given him over the collection of the British
Bates,

were

and

his

to

Mr. Wallace, whose

collections

;

to Dr. Eoisduval,

he has had access to as

freely as

to

Mr.

if

they

own.

CORRECTIONS.
Pieris Eliada

Pieris

is

the male of Cramer's P. Liberia.

Cycinna has been incorrectly printed P. Concinna

Cycinna
Leptalis

is

the

name by which

Antherize, of Boisduval,

the author wishes
is

N.B.

—An Lulex

Plates, as in the "

A

is

P.

(Annals

Soc.

3.)

Lampetia of Cramer, Plate 349.

given,

by which the binder wUl be enabled

second Lidex, alphabetically arranged,

1 to 120), after the

N.B.

known.

to arrange the

Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera."

will take tlie trouble to

la

is

to be

the description.

L. Portunata of Lucas

Entom., 3rd Series, Vol. IL, Plate
Messaras Maonites

it

in

number

is

given for the benefit of those

the Plates (from 1 to

book has been arranged by the

—On append un Index

par lequcl

first

le relieur

60) and the

who

letterpress (from

Index.

peut arranger

les planclies

de

maniere qu'en " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera."

meme
On append un

second Index, arrange alphabetiquement, pour servix a ceux qui

veulent mettre les nombres aux planches

qu'on aura arrange

le

(1

a 60), et aussi au texte (1 a 120), apres

hvre par I'aide du premier Index.

Oatlands, Walto>"-on-Thames,
Sept. 13, 18G1.



ITHOMIA^ XW.

o o

5 071..

islet J-itK 18 55

c^l.ITHOltoA
82.

83

PriiLtel

ERRrCA

JTHOMIA DIAPHANUS.
ITHOMIA ESITLA

ToyHuUmsaiJel

&.

TValton

84ITHOMIA C^NO
.85

ITHOMJA ONEIIA

86

ITHOMLA SALONIKA


HEL

I

C O

ITHOMIA.

N I D .E.
XIV.

ITHOMIA ERRUCA.

81.

Male transparent glossy lilac-white the uervures and margins
narrow, short, almost perpendicular band at the end of the cell.
Underside rufous, where black above.
Expan. 1^^ in. Hab. Rio Grande.

Upperside.

;

A

black.

lu the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Though very nearly allied to I. Adasa, Fig.
This species is more elegant in its form,
narrower and more nearly perpendicular.

together.
cell

43, they are very easily distinguished
is

ITHOMIA DIAPHANUS.
P. Diap/ianws. Brury,

Vol. 2. Fl.

7.

when seen

veiy glossy, and has the band at the end of the

82.

P. Blaphana. Cramer,

PL

231.

Upperside. Male transparent glossy rufous-white ; the margins, which are very
Anterior wing with a narrow
narrow, and the nervures, which are very fine, black.
oblique band at the end of the cell.
Underside rufous where black above.
Expan. 2-2^ in. Hab. Jamaica.
In the Collection of the British Museum.

ITHOMIA ESULA.
Upperside.

Male transparent rufous-white

83.

;

more deeply

tinted towards the

anal angle of the posterior wing.

The margins (except the costal margin of the anterior wing, which
the nervures black.
Underside with the margins
wing, which

is

in.

In the Collection of

rufous)

and

rufous, except the costal margin of the posterior
from the base to beyond the middle.
Hab. New Granada.
W. C. Hewitson.
A A

dull yellow

Expan. 2^^

is


HELICONID^

ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA CCENO.
/.

Coeno.

BouUeday

Sf

84.

Hexoitson Gen. Diur. Lep. PI. 18.

Female.

Male transparent purple-white; the marguis and nervures blue-

TJppERSiDE.

black, except the anal angle of the posterior wing which is orange.

Posterior wing,
from the inner margin near the base to the middle, tinted with yellow. Both wings

with a submarginal row of indistinct white spots.
Underside as above, except that the marginal white spots are more distinct.
'Expan. 2x^j in.
Hab. New Granada.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
spot on the margin of the posterior wing is not a sexual distinction although it maybeautify the males only, they are usually without it.
I have seen only one example of the variety,
which I have figured, which has the antennae (commonly black) orange from the middle to the tip.

The orange

;

ITHOMIA ONEIDA.

85.

IJpPERSiDE.
Female semi-transparent, rufous
Anterior
the margins black.
wing slightly clouded beyond the middle, with the costal margin and the nervures,
to beyond the middle of the wing, rufous
the ends of the nervures black. A lunular
black spot at the end of the cell.
Posterior wing, with the nervures (except the discoidal nervulc, which is rufous), black.
Underside light rufous, where black above. The costal margin of the postei'ior

wing dull yellow the outer margin of the same wing black, varied with rufous spots
at the end of each uervule.
The nervures of both wings darker than above. Anterior wing with three distinct white spots at the apex
posterior wing with six large
lunular spots on the outer margin.
Expan. 2-^0 in.
Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This and the two preceding butterflies were sent me by Mr. T. J. Stevens, of Bogota, to whose
;

;

;

;

love of entomology we are indebted for
have lately been enriched.

some

of the

most beautiful acquisitions with which our cabinets

ITHOMIA SALONINA.

86.

Upperside. Female transparent rufous white ; the margins and nervures (except where they cross the yellow band) brown.
Anterior wing with a short oblique
band at the end of the cell, joined to the outer margin by two broad nervules, and
followed by a broad indistinct band of pale yellow.

Underside
and the

costal

as above, except that the outer

margin

Expan. l\l

in.

at the base of the posterior

Hab.

margins of both wings are rufous,

wing orange.

Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British I\Iuseum.

Very nearly

allied

to

I.

Salapia, Fig.

the nei'vures of the jsosterior wiug.

15,

but easily

known from

it

by the arrangement of



MIEILE€(0)liIIDiS
ITHOMIAXT.

"vV"

C H.ewit«(m., del. eiHth. 1855.

87.

8S.

ITHOKIA HYALA

89.

ITHOMIA LAGUSA

91

92.

90

I'

93

T


HELICONIDtE.
ITHOMIA

XV.

ITHOMIA HYALA.

87, 88.

Male transparent riifons-wliite the nervures and margins black.
with an indistinct uari'ow band across the cell, and a broad curved
band at the end of the cell, produced beyond the median nervule black. The usual
The space between the inner margin
white spot on the costal margin very small.
and the median nervure and its first nervule, unusually broad (narrow in the female)
and light brown. Posterior wing unusually small (larger in the female).
Underside (except the nervures) rufous, where black above. The apex of both
wings with minute white spots, sometimes seen above. The costal margin of the
posterior wing broadly orange (narrower and rufous in the female).
Expan. 2 in. Hab. Guayaquil.
Uppeuside.

Anterior

;

mng

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
I have figiu-ed both sexes, to point out more clearly
This will come next to I. Diasia (Fig. 28).
than I can by description, the difierences which exist. In the female the disco-cellular nervules cross
In the male these
the posterior wing transversely and at a right angle with the costal niai'gin.
nervures are much lower down, cross the wing obliquely, and join the costal margin nearer the apex,
and at an acute angle.

I have ascertained, since figuring the beautiful Ithomia SteUa, at Fig. 52, that the nenaires
The female of I. Stella
of the posterior wing differ in the opposite sexes exactly as in this species.
is fiy-ured.

ITHOMIA LAGUSA.

89.

Upperside. Female transparent rufous-white the margins (except the inner
margin of the anterior wing, near its base, which is rufous) black. Anterior wing,
with the space between the inner margin and the median nervure, and its first
nervule, orange
the nervnres (except the median nervure to its first branch), an
oblique band at the middle of the cell, and a broad, irregular, transverse band at the
;

;

end of the

cell,

black.

Underside

Two

indistinct spots of white at the apex.

as above, with the base of the posterior

of both wings with very distinct round

The male I have i t seen.
Expan. 2i^ in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Nearly allied to Ithomia Avella, Fig. 27.

wing yellow.

submargmal white

spots.

The margins


;

.

HELICONID^

ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA LARINA.

90.

Upperside. Male. Anterior Aving with a large space at the base orange
a spot in the cell, and the rest of the wing black, with several white spots
one
(a donble triangle) in the cell
two below it, between the median nervules two (the
;

;

;

of which is large and trifid) placed obliquely across the wing beyond the middle,
and a snbmarginal row, white, or slightly tinted. Posterior wing orange, with the
outer margin, and a band of three spots, placed longitudinally across the middle,
black.
A transparent spot near the apex, bounded by the black already described,
and a line of black near the costal margin. Three small white spots near the
first

apex.

Underside
margin
Expan. 2-2%

differs

only in having a continuous row of white spots on the outer

Hab. Ncav Granada.

in.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
If this species was not also a male I must have placed it as the female of Ithomia Celemia,
Fig. 22, to which it bears such close resemblance in its general aspect.
Besides the black spots and
different position of the uervures of the posterior wing, the shape and relative proportions of the two
wings are very different.

ITHOMIA IPHIANASSA.
Ithomia Iphianasm.

91, 92, 93.

BoiMeday and Hewitson.

Plate

Gen. Diiir. Lep.

18.

Upperside. Male (Fig. 92). Anterior wing, from the base to beyond the
middle (except the margins, and two black spots, one of which crosses the end of
the cell), semi-transparent rufous. The rest black
crossed before the apex by a
cm-ved band of yellow, and an oblong transparent spot between the second and third
median nervules. A curved hue of orange near the outer margin, and two or three

white spots at the apex.
Posterior Ming, Avith the basal half transparent rufous;

white, with a small black spot at the end of the
a band of orange, parallel to the outer margin.

Underside

as above, except that

cell.

The

rest black

;

traversed

by

both wings have a submarginal row of white

spots.

The female does not

differ.

Figures 91 and 93, varieties from
Expan. 272-0 i"- Hab. Venezuela.
In the Collections of

New

Granada.

W. W. Saunders and W. C

Hewitson.
repeated here although previously published in the genera of
Dimnial Lepidoi)tera. to make this series as complete as possible, and also to bring it into juxtaposition with Figures 1>1 and 93, which I believe to be varieties of the .same species, their only
difference consisting in the quantity of black with which the wings are suffused.
I have both sexes
of each of the varieties.

The

figure of this species

is



ITHOMIA. X7I

W C lie:^tson, ael etlttii.lSSS.

94.95,96

97.

"Pa^nteiToy HuTXTnajridel &'Wa2'tcm.

ITHOMIA ZERLINA 98. ITHOMIA G-EPHIRA
ITHOMIA lOLAIA. 99. ITHOMIA OCALEA,
100 ITHOMIA &0HIJS6A.


HEL

I

C O

N

ITIIOMIA.

I

D ^.

XVI.

X'lTHOMIA ZERLINA.

94, 95, 96.

Upperside. Male (Fig. 96) transparent white, slightly clouded beyond the

The margins (which are broad) and the nervures black. Anterior wing,
middle.
with a broad band at the end of the cell, black.
Underside bright rufous (sometimes edged with black), where black above the
apex of the anterior wing, and the outer margin of the posterior wing distinctly
;

spotted with white.

Female (Fig. 95), with the margins broader; sometimes clouded at the angle
formed by the median nervure and its first nervule on the anterior wing, and at the
disco-cellular nervules of the posterior wing.

Variety, female. Fig. 94.

Expan. 2 to 2yo

Hab.

in.

New

Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Although Fig. 94 differs considei-ably in colom- from the other

am

correct in considering

it

as a variety of the

same

species.

ITHOMIA lOLAIA.

figures, I

have no doubt that

I

It is a female.

97.

Upperside.

Female semi-transparent. Anterior wing, from the base to near the
the rest semi-trans])arent black, Avith seven round or oblong, slightl}'
tinted white spots
a black spot in the middle of the cell.
Posterior wing rufous,
with an oblong spot below the cell and the outer margin, black.

Both wings with a
middle, rufous

;

;

submarginal row of slightly tinted white spots.

Underside
Expan.

as above.

2-2-0 i".

Hab.

New

Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This species, though voiy distinct, bears considerable resemblance to the beautiful Ithomia
Fig. 52.

Stella,

ITHOMIA GEPHIRA.

98.

Upperside. Female. Anterior wing with a large space at the base orange,
with a spot of white near the end of the cell the rest black, with several longitudinal
transparent spots of rufous-white
the first (nearest the costal margin) large and
trifid
the second (in the middle) short
the third and fourth long, and clouded in
;

;

;

;


;

HELICONID^

— ITHOMIA.

The apex with four distinct white spots. Posterior wing, from the
the middle.
base to beyond the middle, orange
the rest black, with three oblong spots (two
transparent), and a snbmarginal row of bifid white spots.
Underside as above, except that tlie black at the end of the cell of the anterior

wing is intersected with a rufous line.
The male differs only in having the posterior wing so much more narrow, that
it is without the oblong spot near the costal margin, and the single white spot at the
;

apex.

Expan.

2^ in.

In the Collection of

Hab.
W. C.

New

Granada.

Hewitson.

ITHOMIA OCALEA.
Ithomia Ocalea.

DoMeday and

Hewitson.

99.

Gen. Diur. Lep.

Plate

18.

Upperside. Female semi-transparent. Anterior wing, from the base to beyond
the middle (except the margins, which are black) rufous
the rest black, crossed by
a curved band of five unequal oblong spots of light yellow.
The third spot shorter
;

than the rest; the fourth and
indistinct Avhite spots.

Underside
and

fifth

Posterior

joined to the rufous space.

wing

rufous, with the outer

Apex with

three

margin black.

wing has a line of black near
margin, and a row of bifid white spots near the outer

as above, except that the posterior

parallel to the costal

margin.

The male does not diff'er.
Expan. 'Iyo "iHab. Venezuela.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and

W.

C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA GONUSSA.

100.

Upperside. Female. Anterior wing (partly semi-transparent) black.
The cell
(which has an indistinct band across the middle), and a spot between it and the

inner angle, light orange
a triangular spot near the middle of the costal margin
;

small spot below

a row of irregular-shaped spots parallel to the outer
margin, yellow-white.
A snbmarginal roAV of distinct white spots. Posterior wing,
with the basal half orange, the rest black, with a snbmarginal row of large distinct
white spots.

a

Underside
Expan.

it,

and

as above.

New

Hab.
Granada.
2-po in.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This beautiful Buttei-fly is veiy distinct from any of the numerous species figured hitherto.

form only it somewhat resembles Fig. 49.

In



:EiLS€(Difiin),
ITHOMIA. XYII

WC.Hewitson,

del. et litli.

1656

Prjiitel loy HullTna.-nd«a

lOI.

102 103. 104,

&Walto

ITHOMIA UTILLA

ITHOMIA PHENOMOE

105.106.

107

ITHOMIA MAKF


HELICONIDtE.
ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA UTILLA.

Upperside.

wing rounded
defined

Female

at the

apex

band of brown,

XVII.

lilac- white,

with the margins and nervures black.

slightly clouded

;

end of the

at the

beyond the middle

;

Anterior

an indistinct,

ill-

cell.

Underside, with the margins, except the
rufous.

101.

costal

margin of the anterior wing,

Anterior wing, with two or three white spots at the apex.

Expan.

1 j;^ in.

Hab.

In the Collection of W.

New

Granada.

C. Hewitson.

/ITHOMIA PHENOMOE.
/.

BoMeday and Ilewifson,

Phenomoe.

Upperside.

Male

lilac-white

;

102, 103, 104.
Gen. Diur. Lep.

Plate

the margins and nervures black.

18.

Anterior wing,

with a slight cloud surrounding some indistinct spots of white near the outer margin
crossed at the end of the
cell

cell

by a triangidar band

by a short hne of the same

and

at the

middle of the

colour.

Underside, rufous where black above.

Anterior wing with three or four white

spots (one on the costal margin) at the apex.

two

of black,

;

Posterior

wing with sometimes one

or

spots at the apex.

Pemale, with the wings wider, the band at the end of the

and quadrate
Expan.

;

the line across the middle of the cell longer and

\\'i^ in.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. \V. Saunders and

W.

C. Hewitson.

cell longer,

much more

broader,

distinct.


HELICONIDiE

ITHOMIA MAKRENA.

y

Makrena.

I.

Male

Upperside.

— ITIIOMIA.

105, lOG, 107.

Hewitson Exot. But. Ithomia,
lilac-

or rufous-white.

29

and

59.

The nervures and the margins (which

Anterior wing, with a slight cloud near the outer margin, sur-

are broad) black.

rounding some indistuict spots of white (two of which,
enclosed by a line of black)
the end of the

Fiffs.

cell,

a line at the middle of the

;

at the apex,
cell,

are sometimes

and a triangular band

at

black.

Underside bright rufous where black

above.

The apex

and the outer margin of the posterior wing, with white
Females

at figs.

Expan.

\\^

of the anterior wing,

spots.

29 and 59.

Hab.

to 2-2%.

New

Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This species and

I.

reference to the underside.
posterior wing, which

Pheuomoe, although
I.

differing

Makrena has always a row

Phenomoe

is

without.

but

little

above, are easily distinguished by-

of white spots near the outer margin of the



MmiLIIWSflllQ)^,
ITHOMIA XYni

Prmtei IjyHullinandeL fcTftiltoK

WC.Hewitsoi!

109.

no.

Ill

ITHOMIA LILLA
ITHOMIA SAO

Il§
113.

ITHOMIA VIRGINIA
ITHOMIA ZELICA


HELICONIDtE.
ITHOMIA.

XVIII.

ITHOMIA LILLA.

lOS.

Upperside. Female transparent purple-white, both wings tinted with yellow
The margins and the nervures (except where they cross the yellow
within the cell.
band of the anterior wing and the middle of the posterior wing) black. Anterior
wing, M'ith an oblique broad band of black at the end of the cell, followed by a band
of yellow.

Underside as above, except that the margins are rufous-brown. The apex of
both wings with two small white spots, and the outer margin of the posterioi- wing
with an indistinct white spot between each nervule.
Expau.
in.
Hab. Guayaquil.

1^

In the Collection of the British Museum.
It wants the broad
Neai-ly allied to I. Vestilla (Fig. 17) and also to I. Salonina (Fig. 86).
black nervule on the anterior wing of the former, and diifers from the latter iu the arrangement of
the nervures of the posterior -wing.

ITHOMIA SAO.
Hijmcnitis Sao.

Upperside.

109, 110.

Huhner, Zufr.,

Male transparent,

Fi(/s. 123,

glossy, rufous-white.

band

124.

The margins and nervures

of the anterior wing) brown.

Anterior

wing, with a broad triangular band of black at the end of the cell, followed by an
Outer
indistinct band of yellow which extends to the middle of the outer margin.
margin of posterior wing traversed by a rufous band.
Underside rufous where brown above the apex of both wings, and the outer
margin of the posterior wing, with minute white spots.
The female is smaller, has the wings more tinted with colour, the nervm-es
lighter, and the marginal white spots of the underside much more distinct.
Expan. \--[-Q in. to 2Yg- in. Hab. Amazon and Venezuela.
(except where they cross the yellow

;

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
I have
This, though much larger than Hubner's figure, does not diffci- in any other respect.
examjsles fi-om Venezuela of the same size as Hubner's.
It is unusual to see the female less than the
male, as

7^~

it is

^.-

in this species.
""
.'.

«


HELICONIDiE

— ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA VIRGINIAN A.
Ithomia Virylnia.

Although
fig.

Boiscl.

MS.

Hew. Exot. But.
and form,

differing greatly in size

54, which,

though unique

kindly intrusted to

my

111.

this is

18

care to figure.

I have therefore

;

It

its

changed

both wings.

chief difference
It is in

it

collection

is in

from

Male black.

was

use of the same

wing before

is

name

remarkable

its

first

for

branch.

the larger proportion of black upon

New

Granada.

ITHOMIA ZELICA.

Upperside.

made

This species

to Virgiuiana.

from the male

my own

undoubtedly the female of

was accompanied by the manuscript name

the great length of the median nervure of the anterior

In colour,

.34.

in the fine collection of Dr. Boisduval of Paris,

of Virginia, which I carelessly adopted, having myself
at fig.

ItJioiida IX., Fig.

112.

Anterior wing with a large triangular transparent

space of yellow-white from the base to the middle, interrupted at the costal margin

by a black spot

;

beyond the middle and near the

spot crossed by three uervures
visible),

;

costal margin, a rather large white

near the apex three small spots of white (one scarcely

and below them, near the middle of the outer margin, another spot com-

municating by a clouded indistinct band with the

triangular

space

at

the base.

Posterior wing with the basal half transparent yellow-white.

Underside

as above, except that both

spots, largest near the

Expan. 2yij

in.

wings have a subraarginal row of white

middle of the posterior wing.

Hab. Guayaquil.

lu the Collectiou of the British Museum.