Lepidoptera indica, Moore V2

:

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA
BT

F.

MOOEE,

D.SC,

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
FELLOW OP THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, AND OP
SOCIETY OP STETTIN,
ENTOMOLOGICAL
THE
OP
MEMBER
OF LONDON; CORRESPONDING
NETHERLANDS; ASSOCIATE
AND OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY
MEMBER OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, LONDON, AND OF THE
OP BENGAL.

VOL.

ir.

RHOPALOCERA.
FAMILY NYMPHALID^.

SUB-FAMILIES SATYEIN^

{continued),

NYMPH iLIN^

ELYMNIIN^, AMATHUSIIN.^,

(Group charaxina).

LONDON

REEVE

&

CO.,
INDIAN GOVERNMENTS,
AND
PUBLTSHEES TO THE HOME, COLONIAL,
6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
L.

1893—1896.



't-6o

^/

^> X.

DESCEIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate
Fig.

Plate 103.

95.
1,

la.

2, 2a.
3,

Oriuoma Damaris,

?

(J

^

Ehaphicera Satricus,

3a. Ehaphicera Moorei,

Pig.

.

Fig.

Maniola

3, 3fl.

9

4a. Maniola tenuistigma,

4,

Plate

^ ?
^ $
brevistigma, ^ ?

4.".

46

2, 2a. Maniola latistigma,

.

(J

Maniola Davendra,

la.

1,

47

48

.

tJ

96.
1,

Irt.

3,
4,

Lasiommata Schakra,

Plate 104.

$

(^

Lasiommata Mserula, (J
Lasiommata Mceroides, ?
4a. Lasiommata Menava, ^J $

2, 2 o,

b.

?

Fig. 1, la. Maniola Cheeiia,

.

2, 2a.

S

3,3a. Chortobius pulchra,
4, 4a.

oO

?

Maniola Kashmirica,
Chortobius Neoza,

J

51

?

^ ?
^ ?

52
53

.

Plate 97.
Fig. 1, 1 a,

I.

2, 2 «, 6.

Plate

Amecera Cashmirensis,
Chonala Masoni,

^

(j"

12

?

1.5

?

Plate 105.
Fig. 1, la. Chortobius pulchella,

2, 2o.

Eumenis Baldiva,
Eumenis Lehana,

3, 3a.

Chazara Shandura,

^

4, 4«.

Nytha

?

Parisatis,

(J

?

c?

^

(J

18

.

3,

3a. Chortobius Maiza,

.

,

.

24

.

4, 4a. Chortobius Goolmurga,

Plate 106.

Fig. 1. Thymipa Baldus
1

Plate
Fig.

^

?

Aulocera Brahminoides, ?

3a. Aulocera Chumbica,

4, 4a.

Aulocera Loha,

(J

9

(J

27

29

e,

d,

e,

f.

i.

Aulocera Padma,

2, 2a.

Aulocera Swaha,

3, 3a.

Aulocera Saraswati,

and pupa)

32

^ ?
^ ?

58
59

Thymipa

\b.

season brood)
la. Paroeneis pumilus,

$

^J

3,

3a. Karanasa Hubneri,

4,

4a. Karanasa Leechii,

?

.

41

brood)

Fig.

1,

2,

Karanasa modesta,

(^

2, 2a.

Kanetisa Digna,

?

3, 3a.

Kanetisa Pimpla,

Fig. 1,1a.

^

^

?

.

41

42
?

.

43

?

J*

(

63
63

{Wef-

64

Dry-season

64

Plate 108.
la.

2a.

Thymipa

season brood)

2

....
....
....

Thymipa Dohertyi, ^

season brood)

Plate 102.

^

{Dry-

......

Thymipa Methora,

38
39

?

cj

^

37

.

^

2, 2a. Paroeneis JSikkimensis,

[Wet-

Thymipa Methora, ^

2, 2 a, b.

2, c.

($

indecora,

season brood)

35

?

....
....
....

la. Thymipa indecora,

1,

33

(J

60

Plate 107.

Plate 101.
1,

(Jarva

Thymipa Baldus {Dry-season

season brood)

1, la.

56

Thymipa Baldus

brood)

Fig.

Fig.

^

•

30
30

?

g, h,

1

Plate 100.
Fig.

55
?

{Wef-i!easo7i brood)

\a. Aiilocera Biahminus,

2, 2a.

3,

^

a, b,

99.
1,

54
•

19
21

$

?

c?

54

?

2,

98.

Fig. 1, lo.

J;

Chortobius Coenonympha, §

*, c, d.

Savara,

Thymipa Savara, S

season brood)

^

(^''«'-

65

{Wet-

66

? {Dry-

67


BESORIPTION OF PLATES.
PAGE

Plate 109.

Thymipa Nikoea, (^
h. Thymipa Sakra, c? ?
3rt. Thymipa Austeni, (J ?
Thymipa Avanta, $ {Wet-season

68

brood)

70

Fig. 1,1a.

.

.

3.

.

.

Thymipa Avanta,

4a.

brood)

.69

2. 2 a,

4.

2

69

Plate

....
....
.72
....

Thymipa

la.

1,

Thymipa

brood)

Singala,

{Wet-

J

cj

72

....
{Dry-

93

Callerebia Orixa,

3

J

?

.

Callerebia Annada,

a, b.

.95
.96

?

cJ

?

J"

.

97

•

98

3 a,

b.

Thymipa

3, c.

brood)

Fig. 1, la. Callerebia hybrida,

.

striata,
.

.

?

.

(

73

Wet-

Plate

.

.74

.

^

.

.

74

a,

b,

c.

Ypthima Huhneri, ^

(l> e.

/, g, h.

la.

2a.

^

9

.78

Fig.

Plate

.

(

Wet-

.81

.

3.

4.

....

Kolasa Chenui,

Nadiria Bolanica,

(J

Fig.

(ll'e^-

?

cJ

?

cJ

?

.

.

.

Pandima Nareda, (J
2a. Pandima Newara,
(J ?
Pandima Lycus, ^
.
Pandima Watsoni, (^ {Wet-season

la.

.

.

.

.

a,

83

b,

c.

Pandima Watsoni,

J

...

Pandima Mahratta, ^

season brood)
c.

Paralasa Shallada,

Paralasa Mani,

c?

Zipaetis Saitis,

a, b.

?

cJ

105

$

.106

.

.

85

107

J

$

Ragadia CrisUda,

(J

?

Eagadia Crito,

?

.

.

a, b.

2 a,

b.

a, b.

1, 1

2 a,

^

(J

b.

108

.

109

.110
.111

.

Erites argentina,

cJ

$

Erites angularis,

J'

$

Erites falcipennis,

3, 3a.

Plate

.113
.

115

.116

.

cJ

122.

......

la. Melanitis

1,

86

1

87

b, c,

d,

e.

Ismene {larva

Melanitis Ismene,

{Wet-season brood)

Plate

.

aiul

^

120

?

.118

.

123.

Fig. 1, 1

?

(J

a,b,
?

c,

d,

e.

Melanitis Ismene,

{Dry -season brood)

.119

.

89

Plate 124.
1

.90

....

P.iudiraa Mahratta,

season brawl)

_

.

120.

pupa)

(Wet-

?

?

^J

Zipaetis Scylax,

b.

Fig. 1. Melanitis

Fig. 1, la.

104

84

Plate 114.

h,

2 a,

2,

g9

{Dry-season brood)

1

1

.88

.

brood)

4

.

Plate 121.

113.

2.

1,

2,

2,

76

Fig.
1,

$

Hemadara Narasingha, ^

3, 3a.

.77

.

.

.

Kolasa Yphthimoides,

4a.

5, 5a.

^

101

Plate 119.

.

.

Ypthima Kasmira, (J ?
Ypthima Ceylonica, ^ $

3a.

.

.102

.

Paralasa Kalinda,

b.

1, 1 a, 6.

Fig. 1, 1

season brood)
4,

3 a,

?

.

.

Ypthima Hubneri,

season brood)
3,

3,

?

cJ

^J

Plate 118.

and

{larva

Plate 112.

2,

2a. Callarebia Daksha,

78

{Dry-season brood)

1,

Callerebia Scanda,

b.

2,

2, 2 a, b.

{Wet-season brood)
1

100

117.

Fig.

pupa)
1

.

?

Fig. 1, 1 a,

{Dry-season

jj

.

Ypthima Hubneri

1.

?

c?

Callerebia Nirmala,

a, b, c, d, e.

c?

111.

Fig.

2

2,

73

Thymipa Philomela,

4.

Plate 116.

.

season brood)

Fig.

.93

.

Inica, (J ?

115.

2, 2a.

Singala, J* {Dry-season

Thymipa Tahe.lla, c?
Thymipa striata, (^

2, 2a,
3,

Plate

.

.

Lohana

110.

lb.

Fig.

$ {Wet-season

Pig. 1, la. Dallacha Hyagriva,

71

season brood)

Plate

.

e.

^

season brood)

3,

Fig.

.

d,

b, c,

{Dry-season

^J

brood)

Plate

Lohanalnica,

2, 2a.

(Dry-

b,

c.

Tambra (Zaryaanii^^M/w)
Melanitis Tambra,

{Wet- season brood)
1

90

a,

d,

e,

/.

Jlelanitis

{Dry-season brood)

.

(J

?

.

126

.125

.

Tambra,

.

(J

?

.126


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate

PLiTB 135.

125.

Fig. 1, 1

a,

Melanitis Bethami,

I.

{Wet-season brood)
1

d,

c,

.

^

{Dry-season brood)

^

pupa)

150

Elymnias caudata,

1 b, c, d.

$

?

(J

150

•

.128

.

.

Elymnias caudata (larva and

la.

1,

127

.

Melanitis Bethami,

e.

Fig.

?

.

Plate 136.
Plate 126.
Fig.

1,

Fig. 1, 1 a, b.

1 a,

Melanitis Bela,

b.

season brood)
1

c,

d,

.

^

?

(J

?

.

season brood)

.

.

2,

.128

.

Melanitis Bela,

e.

(Wet-

(Dry-

.129

.

2 a,

Fig.

1, 1

Fig,

cJ

Plate

1

Plate
a, b, e, d,

e.

.131

.

28.

Fig. 1,

S

?

Varaha,

(Dry-season brood)

,

.

Fig.

Melynias Singala,

1 a, b.

Fig. 1, 1 a,

Fig.

Melanitis

la.

Gokala,

season brood)
d,

h, c,

.

(J

.

(Wet-

Melynias Peali,

^J

153

.

154

.

.

^

?

.

1.56

?

.

.

157

(J

(J

.134

Fig.

130.

Fig. 1, 1 a,

I,

c.

Melanitis Zitenius,

(Wet-season brood)

grade)

.135

,

.

Zitenius,

$

158

?

140.
1,

1

a,

Melynias Malelas,

h.

Melynias Saueri,

^

c? ?

?

159

.

.161

.

1,

la. Melynias Patna,

(^

.

2, 2a.

Melynias Patnoides,

3, 3a!.

Bruasa Chelensis,

^

.

(J

162

.

.163
.164

.

?

J"

......

Melanitis

^

Plate 141.

$

.

.

Melynias Timandra,

b, c.

2, 2a.

.133

.

Melanitis Gokala,

e.

{Dry -season brood)

Id.

152

138.
1,

2, 2 a, b.

Plate

Plate

?

Elymnias Dcedalion, ?

132

.

Plate 129.

1

Elymnias obnubila,

151

.

.

Plate 139.
d, e,f. JEelanitis

1 a, b, c,

Fig. 1,

?

1, 1 a, b.

Melanitis Varaha,

? (Wet-season brood)

Elymnias Cottonis, (J
Elymnias Mimus, (J ?

Plate 137.
2, 2a.

Plate 127.

b.

(inter-

Plate

142.

Fig.

1,1

a,

h,

c.

Mimadelias Vasudeva,
166

c?$

137

2, 2a.

Mimadelias Deva,

c?

?

•

•

167

Plate 131.
Fig. 1, 1 a,

J, c.

Melanitis Zitenius,

(Dry-season brood)
2,

2a. Melanitis Kalinga,

season brood)

Plate

,^
.

.

.135

.

.

Plate 143.

?

(J

c?

(Dry-

2, 2(T.

Cj'llogenes Janetas,

3, 3a.

Parantirrhoea Marshall!,

138

c?

.139

.

140

.

(J

Plate 133.
Elymnias undularis,

1 a, b, c.

Elymnias

2, 2, a, b.

.

c?

?

tinctoria, c? ?

.

147

.

145

•

Mimadelias Burmensis,

168
Agrusia Andersonii,

(J

.

.

169

Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Zeuxidia Masoni, (J ?

.

174

Plate 145.
Fig.

1,

la.

Amatliuxidia Amythaou,

^

176

?

Fig. 1, 1 a,

6, c.

? larva

Amathusia Phidippus,
and pupa
.

.

^

.179

148

Plate 147.

Fig. 1. Amathusia Phidippus, ^ (Pegu

134.

Fig. 1. Elymnias fraterna (/an'a an£f^!(po)

cJ

c.

Plate 146.

Fig. 1. Elymnias undularis (larva)

a,

b,

?

Plate 144.

132.

1

a,

2, 2a.

.137

.

Fig. 1, 1 a, b. Cyllogenes Suradeva, (J $

Plate

Fig. 1, 1

b,

?

c,
.

d,

e.
.

149

Elymnias fraterna,
.

.

.

.149

181

Variety)
2.

Amathusia Phidippus,

man

Variety)

.

?
.

(Anda,

.181


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 164.

Plate 148.
Fig. \,l a,b. Nandogea Diores,

.182

cJ ?

(?

Tlate

6, c, d, e.

Fig. 1, 1 a,

jEmona Amathusia.
212

?

149.

Fig.

Thauria pseudaliris,

a, h.

1

1,

?

c?

18G

•

Plate

165.

iEmona Pealii, ^J
.^mona Lena, (^

Fig. 1, la.

Plate 150.
2, 2a!.

Fig.

Discophora

1.

{larva

Contineutalis

189

and pupa)
I, a, b,

Discophora Continentalis,

c.

1,

1,

Discophora lepida,

c.

?

(?

190

.

Fig.

Discophora Zal,

h, c.

Fig.

Fi". 1. Discophora Indica (Zari'a

?

cJ

192

.

^

?

.

Enispe Euthymius,

h, c.

S

?

•

Plate
Fig.

1,

Plate

158.

(J

?

&, c,

Enispe Cj-cnus,

cJ

1,

1 a,

Stichophthalma

230

.

Haridra Imna,

b, c.

.

.

larva

cf ?

.

.231

.

b,

c.

6,

e.

Haridra Marmax,

1,

1 a,

Haridra Kahmjja,

Haridra Desa,

6, c.

(?

.201

?

J

?

233

.

171.
?

c?

•

235

Camadeva,

2,

^?

.235

?

173.

^

Haridra Aristogiton.

Fig. 1, la.
\a.

1,

?

200

.

Plate
Fig.

1 a,

Plate 172.
Fig. 1,1a,
fl,

c?

198

Plate 156.
Fig. \,\ a,h,c. Enispe tessellata,

.217

Plate 170.
Fig.

Fig. 1, 1 a,

210

.

193

Plate 155.

1, 1

Haridra Psaphon,

1, 1 a, h, c.

and pupa

la. Discophora

?

.

Plate 169.
Fig.

spiloptera,

^

Stichophthalma Sparta,

168.

Plate 154.

Fig.

216

194

ffyifZpji^jft)

Discophora Indica,

1 a, b, c, d.

157.

Xanthotasnia Busiris.

.191

?

c?

Plate

Plate

c.

b,

Melanocyma faunuloides,

1. la.

2.

Plate 153.

1,

a,

S

Plate 1G7.

Plate 152.

Fig.

1
c?

1 a,h,

Fig. 1, 1 a,

215

188

151.

Fig.

214

.

.

.

160.

Fig.

c??

Plate

Plate

.

.

.

2a. Haridra Adamsoni,

J"

.

.

236

.

.

236

203

Plate 174.
Plate 159.
Fig.

Plate

1,

Fig.

Stichophthalma Louisa,

la.

cJ

?

Plate

160.


?

.

237

a.

b.

.....

Haridra Corax.

larva

J'

238

Plate 176.
h.

Fig.

Stichophthalma Nurinissa,

?

1, 1 a, h, c.

1, 1 a. b.

Haridra Hierax,

.239

?

(J'

206

Plate 177.
Fig. 1. 1 a, b. Haridra

Plate 162.
Fig.

1

and pupa

205

c??

^

175.

Fig. 1,

Fig. 1,1 a,b. Stichophthalma Nourmahal,

Plate 161.
Fig. 1,1a,

Haridra Harpax,

1, 1 a, h, c.

204

.

Clerome

Arcesilaus,

^J

?

.

Hemana,

cj

?

.

240

.

.

242

.

242

207

Plate 178.

Plate 163.
Fig.

1, 1 a, i, c.

Fig.

Clerome Assama,

^

?

.

208

1,

la. Haridra

I b,

c.

Hipponai.

c?

?

Haridra Hipponax(Facjrf(/)


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 185.

Plate 179.
Fig.

1,

1 a,h,

c.

Haridra Jalinder,

^

243

?

Fig.

1,

Hamasta,

c?

?

•

Eulepis Agrarius,

c?

?

•

•

.

.

la. Eulepis

2, 2rt.

-56
257

Plate 180.
Fig.

1,

la. Haridra Ilindia,

1 b,

Haridra Hindia,

c.

^

.

(J {

Variety)

.

244

Plate 186.

.

244

Fig. 1,

1(1.

1 b, c.

Plate
Fig.

Eulepis

Arj'i,

(J

?

^

Eulepis Arja,

181.
1

1,

(?

a,

h,

Haridra Pleistoanax,

c.

Plate 187.
244

?

Fig.

1,

la. Eulepis Jalysus,

2, 2 a, b.

Fig. 1, la. Haridra Khasiana,
2.

Fig.

$

Haridra Nicholii,

c?

?

.

•

•

245

.246

.


Fig.

1

1, la.

2,

la.

b, e,

d. Charaxes Fabius, (J ?

.

2

250
249

2, 2a.

Plate 184.
1,

la.

c,

Eulepis Wardii,
.

.

^ 9
^ ?

.

.

261

larva

.202

.

Murwareda Dolon. ,}
Murwareda Eudamippus,

.

(^

.

203

.

264

Eulepis Athamas (laroce and

pupce).
1 b,

259

260

Plate 189.
Fig. 1, la.

Fig.

Eulepis Schreiberi,

a, b.

and pupa

Charaxes Fabins (larva; and

pupce)

.

.

.

Plate 188.

1S.3.
1,

.


Eulepis Moori,

Plate 182.

Plate

258
258

(Variety).

?

.

d. Eulepis

.

.

Athamas,

le. Eulepis Athamas,

^

.253

.

^

?

{Variety)

.

.

252
255

Plate 190.
Fig

1,

la.

2, 2a.

Murwareda

Delphis,

Helcyra Hemina,

(J

^

.

.

.

.

266
268


EERATA.
Page 132.
„

206.

Melanitis VaraJia (Dry-season brood).

For Plate 127,

Allied Chinese species of Stichophthalma.

For

figs.l e-i,

read 128

figs.

Stichopli. fusca, read suffusa.

1

a to/.


;

LEPIDOPTEEA INDICA.
Sub family SATYRINiE

ORINOMA.

Genus

Orinoma, Doulileclay in Gray's Lep. Insects of Nepal,
Hewitson's Gen. D. Lep.

p.

368 (1851)

Niceville, Butt, of India, etc.

—Male.

i.

p.

(continued).

;

Butler,

p.

14 (1846)

Ann. Nat.

"Westwood in Doubleday and

;

Hist. 1867, p.

50; Marshall and de

173 (1883).

somewhat narrow and elongate, triangular; costa
arclied, apex rounded, exterior margin very slightly concave in the middle, posterior
angle rounded
cell more than half length of the wing
two subcostals emitted
before end of the cell upper discocellular short, inwardly oblique, lower deeply
concave, upper radial from close to the subcostal, lower radial from angle near upper
end median veinlets at equal distances apart. Hindwing short, bluntly oval apes,
exterior margin, and anal angle rounded
exterior margin very slightly scalloped

cell half the length of wing
first subcostal emitted close to end of cell ; discocellular
outwardly obhque and angular in the middle, radial from the angle middle median
Imago.

Foreiving

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

emitted immediately before end of

with

fine silky hairs

Body somewhat

cell.

slender

;

thorax clothed

palpi compressed, obliquely porrected, clothed with fine short

;

hairs in front, apical joint stout, pointed

;

legs rather long, femora slightly hairy

beneath; antennse very slender, with an extremely slender lengthened club; eyes
hairy.

ORINOMA DAMARIS
Orinoma Damaris, Doubleday,

I.

Compy.

and de

i.

p.

fig 1, la,

c?

in Gray's Lep. Ins. of Nepal, p. 14, pi. 7,

in Doubleday and Hewitson's Gen.

E.

(Plate 95,

225 (1857).

D. Lep.

p. 369, pi. 63, fig.

?

).

fig. 2,

3 (1851).

Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 50,

Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i.p. 174, pi. 13,

fig.

"Westwood,

2a (1846).

Moore, Catal. Lep. Mas.
pi. 2, fig. 4, 4a.

Marshall

Staudinger, Exot. Schmett.

32, <^(1883).

p. 223, pi. 79, (? (1887).

Imago.
to

—Male and female.

dusky violescent-brown

;

cilia

Upperside dusky violescent-black when fresh, fading
Forewing with a prominent
alternated with white.

ochreous-red patch occupying the basal half of the

obhquely-disposed black spots across

its

centre

cell,
;

the patch having two small

a prominent

yellowish-white streak extending along lower outer half

coloured speckled-streak along the upper half of the

and a
cell

;

less

pale

olivescent

defined similar

four series of similar

coloured streaks disposed transversely between the veins, the streaks being narrowest
VOL.

II.

August

6th, 1892.

b


LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

2

and the two outer series macular ; the set between the
Hindiuing with a broad
median and submedian broadest and most connected.

divided-streak within the cell, and three outer series of similar-coloured streaks
anteriorly, longest interiorly,

between the veins, the fourth or outer series being more or less obsolete. Underside.
Both wings marked as on upperside, except that all the markings are more
prominent and somewhat broader
linear

;

;

both wings with the outer row more transversely

also with an outer-marginal slender interrupted line

having some slender streaks along the costa.
virescent-grey hairs,

legs

;

and the forewing also

Thorax above clothed with glossy

front with orange-red hairs

its

beneath yellowish-white

;

and palpi blackish

;

;

abdomen above brown
sides of palpi

and

body

;

collar white

;

antennas black, annulated with white.

Expanse, 2^ to

3;^

inches.

—N.W. and E. Himalayas;
—" This

Assam; Cachar Burma.
a somewhat local insect, nowhere very
common. In the Kangra District, Mr. Hocking (P.Z.S. 1882, 235) records that it
has been taken at Jatingri, but is very local and rare. In Kumaon, Mr. E. T.
Atkinson obtained it in wooded lowlands, and Major C. F. L. Marshall has taken it
Habitat.

Distribution and Habits.

in the

neighbourhood of

It occurs in

]Srauai Tal.

Nepal and Sikkim, and

In Cachar, Mr, Wood-Mason took

Ivhasia Hills in the autumn.

October, and in Silhet.

;

is

also in the

on Xemotha in

it

Bingham found it in Upper Tenasserim
from March to May. It apparently only occurs

Oapt. C. T.

lower Thoungyeen forests

in the
in the

mountainous parts of North-East India, and at low elevations " (Butt, of India,

i.

Mr. L. de Niccville (.J.A.S. Bang. July, 1885) records the capture of a
174).
" female in Sikkim, in October, at 3200 feet elevation." Mr. H. J. Elwes writes
(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, 322),

Mollcr obtained

it

at

"I never saw

2000 to 4000

feet

;

this insect myself in Sikkim, but

and Mr. Gammie found

it

Mr.

abundant in

Bhotan at 6000 feet, in June. At Cherra Punji, in Khasia, I found it common at 4000 feet, on the edge of the forest, and beat it from bushes by the path.
Its flight is not strong, or quick, but dodging.
The female seems rare, but Mr. de
Niccville caught it at 3000 feet in Sikkim, in October."
Dr. N. Manders (Trans.
British

Ent. Soc. 1890, 519) obtained a single male in the neighbourhood of Bernardmyo,
in the
in

Shan

May and

States,

Burma."

Signer Leonardo Fea obtained

Rhaplikem,

Imago.

in the

p.

19G

Karen

Hills

October.

RHAPHICERA.

Genus
Mus.

it

p.

Butler,

Ann. Nat.

158 (1868).

Ilist.

1867,

p.

164

;

But. Mo. Mag. 1868,

Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc.

—Foreioing subtriangular

;

i.

p.

;

Catal. Satyr. Brifc.

175 (1883).

costa arched, apex bluntly pointed, exterior

margin slightly oblique and even, posterior margin straight

;

costal,

median, and


;

SATYBIN^.
submedian slightly swollen at base;
oblique, botli radials

arched

3

long, broad;

cell

from extremely close to

subcostal

tlie

discal area clothed with pale ochreous, rather long

;

outwardly

discocellulars
;

upper median veinlet

and broad

scales, inter-

spersed with a very few narrow black androconia of similar length, which have either

an extremely slender, almost
penicillate

tip,

with a

or

linear,

lengthened base with a short filiform end and

lengthened bulbous base and similar penicillate

Eindii'ing rather long, pyriform, exterior

margin very convex, very

tip.

slightly scalloped,

and with a tendency to an angle at end of upper median vein ; cell broad ; middle
median veinlet emitted at a short distance before end of the cell. Palpi very hairy
in front, apical joint also hairy

;

middle and hind femora slightly hairy beneath

antennae with an elongated slender club

;

eyes hairy.

;

Type, R. Satricus.

EHAPHICERA SATEICUS
Lasiommata Satricus, Doubleday

;

(Plate 95,

figs. 2, 2a, (J).

Westwood and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.

387,

p.

pi.

64,

fig.

4

(1851),?.
Rhapliicera Satricus, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 164,
p.

Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India,

158 (1868).

Exot. Schmett,

Imago.

p.

— Male.

reddish-ochreous.
cell,

pi. 4, fig.

3,

etc.

i.

?,
p.

Catal.

Satyr.

Brit.

Mus.

Staudinger,

175 (1883).

228, pi. 81 (1887).

Upperside reddish-ochreous, with

all

the veins black;

cilia

two outwardly-oblique black bars crossing the

Foreioing with

the inner bar narrowest, a broader outwardly angulated band crossing obliquely

from middle of the costa to the lower median veinlet, this band being narrowest
posteriorly and angled on the veins
a short subapical oblique macular-band and a
rounded spot between the lower medians, followed by an irregular angulated mar;

band ; the median and submedian vein broadly black lined. Hindiving crossed
by a black discal band, which is narrow anteriorly, acutely angled above the upper
median, and from thence is broad to near lower median beyond ax-e four round
ginal

;

large black submarginal spots, two upper and two lower, followed

black marginal lines.
black.

Underside ochreous-yellow

;

veins

by three slender

more slenderly

Forewing with markings as on upperside, except that there

is

lined with

a well-formed

subapical ocellus with a bluish- white pupil, and the lower black spot has a bluish-

white pupil

;

the marginal band being represented by slender lines.

a pale golden-yellow fascia extending through the

cell

Hindiving with

to near the outer border

crossed by a very slender black subbasal line and an angular discal line, both indistinctly defined in crossing the pale fascia

;

beyond

is

a series of six

ocelli,

the sixth

being duplex, the upper third being sometimes absent, each with a black centre and
large bluish-white speckled pupil, a yellow ring

three slender black marginal lines.

B 2

and a black outer ring

;

beyond are


;

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

4

Upperside somewliat paler

Female.

and

broader

slightly

Bofhj above reddish-ochreous

Underside as in the male.

prominent.

less

markings the same, but

;

thorax above and beneath, head, palpi in front, forelegs and middle and hind femora
beneath, clothed with glossy virescent and golden hairs

brown

;

palpi edged in front with black

men beneath

collar

pure white

;

abdo-

pale ochreous-yellow.

Expanse, 2f to 2f inches.
Habitat. E. Himalayas ; Sikkim

—

Distribution.
it

and

side of palpi

;

middle and hind legs above

;

— This

as occurring in the

species

wooded

Bhotan

;

found

is

in

:

Naga

Hills.

Sikkim, and Mr. E. T. Atkinson records

beyond Almorah in Kumaon.

hills

the extreme western range of the species

;

further to the west

Mr. H.

it

This
is

is

probably

replaced by the

Elwes writes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888,
322), " I found this species not uncommon on Sinchul and Tonglo, in Sikkim, from
6000 to about 8000 feet, in the end of July and August, and more abundant at 7000
B. Moorei (Butt. Ind.

allied

feet near

Eikisum

in British

i.

176).

Bhotan.

forest paths, settling on ordure

It flies quickly, with a darting flight, about the

and wet

places,

on damp shady rocks, and

also settles to rest

I never

W. Doherty

the Naga

EhapMcera MooreijButler, Ann. Nat.
158(1868).

It

flies

in

(P.Z.S. 1891, 266.)

Hill.

RHAPHICERA MOOREI
p.

and returning when disturbed.

wet and cloudy as well as in
Mr. Elwes also records its capture by Mr.

saw the female."

fine weather.

in

J.

Marshall and de

(Plate 95,

1867 ,

Kist.

Nice'ville,

p.

Butt,

164,

figs. 3, 3a,

p.

4,

fig.

of India, etc.

^ ?

).

4,?;
i.

p.

Catal.

176,

Satyr.
pi.

xv.

Brit.

Mus.

fig.

38, J'

(1883).

—

Imago. Male and female.
Upperside yellowish-ochreous, the basal area somewhat olivescent-ochreous. Foreiuing with similarly disposed markings as in B.
Satricus, but of a brown tint, broader, less sharply defined, and the veins also
broadly bordered, thus giving it the appearance of a darker insect, with smaller and
more restricted ochreous markings than those of B. Satricus. Hindiving also simi-

marked, but

larly

less sharply defined

;

the submarginal spots smaller, there being

two upper and two lower, or sometimes a continuous series of sis are present,
when the third and the lowest are less distinctly defined, all having a minute whitish

either

pupil,

and the lower ones with a

ochreous.

is

the marginal lines are almost

brown border.

Underside paler yellowish-

Foretving with the veins black lined, and similar markings to those in B.

Satricus, but

there

;

slight pale outer ring

confluent and thus form a broad dusky

more

defined.

Hindwing

also similar, but the

markings more defined

also a slender inner-line within the cell, the discal angulated line

irregular, the ocelli prominent,

and the marginal

Expanse, c? 2^ to 2f ? 2^ inches.
Habitat. N.-\Y. and E. Himalayas.
,

—

lines

more

sinuous.

is

;

more


—

SATYRIJSr^.
DiSTKiBUTiON.

— "This species

is

6

generally considered a rare insect, but in 1882

was found in great profusion by Mr. W. Doherty in the Bhagi and Narkunda
forests, and again at Theog, in the neighbourhood of Simla, in August, flying freely
during heavy rain, and alighting on the leaves of bushes and trees. It was conit

when settled, and appears to have nothing protective in its coloration."

A. M. Lang notes, " Observed only late in the autumn, in a forest glade in the

spicuous
Col.

Himalayas, near a stream with rich vegetation about

its

banks."

His collection

contained five specimens from the neighbourhood of Simla, taken at 9000 feet elevation,

and two from Lower Kunawar,
(Butt.

insect."

local

India,

7000

at

176.)

It

feet elevation.

Major Hellard,

specimens from Ketruar, in the Valley of the Rupin River

Mr.

W.

Doherty

(J.

A. S. Beng. 1886, 117) records

it

evidently a very

is

MS.

in his

records

Notes,

taken in September.

;

from " Dhankuri, Khati, Dwali,

and Chaudans, at from 7000 to 11,000 feet in Kumaon." " In Sikkim, this species
seems rare, as Mr. Moller had never seen it until I got three specimens on Singalelah
It occurs higher up than its congener (Satricus),
at 9000 to 11,000 feet, in July.
but seems to have much the same flight and habits. My Shikaris brought a few
from the

interior in

1883 and 1884.

The female

is

(Elwes, Tr. Ent.

rare."

1888, 322.)

Indo-Chinese Species op Rhaphiceea, and allied Genus.

dumicola, Oberthtir, Etudes Ent. 1876,
Tibet.

— Genus nov.

Tatinga.

—

p.

29, pi. 4,

Allied to Ehaphicera.

fig.

— B.

Soc.

dumicola (Satyrus

Habitat, Moupin, E.

7.

Foreiving with the costa less

arched, apex rounded, exterior margin very slightly concave in the middle

discocel-

;

outwardly recurved, upper radial close to subcostal, lower radial near the
middle upper median straight discal area clothed with long pale tridentate-tipt
lulars

;

;

scales, a few shorter battledore-scales with dentate tips, and with

longer

many interspersing

androconia, which have a lengthened broad-bulbous base and elongated

blacJc

These androconia are about twice the length of those in
exterior margin very oblique and slightly
Rhaphicera. Eindwing bluntly-ovate
scalloped ; discocellular undulated and angled in the middle, radial from the angle.
hair-like penicillated-tip.

;

Type.

Tatinga tibetanus (Satyrus tibetanus, Oberthtir, Etudes Entom. 1876, p. 28,

pi. 2, fig. 4).

Habitat.—MouTpm, E. Tibet.

Genus

LASIOMMATA.

Satyrus, Latreille, Consid. Gen. p. 440 (1810).
Lasiommafo, Westwood, in Westwood and Humphrey's British Butt. p. 65 (1840). Doubleday, List.
Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson's D. Lap,
Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1, p. 134 (1844).
p.

385 (1851).

^mecem

Scudder, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Boston (1875),

(paW), Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1867), p. 162;

Kirby, Manual Eur. Butt. p. 50 (1862).
(1883).

Catal.

Marshall and

Satyr.

p.

202.

Brit.

de Niceville,

Mus.

p.

123 (1868).

Butt, of India,

i.

p.

178


LEPIBOPTERA INDICA.

6

Satyrus

Godart, Tabl. Meth. Lep. pp.

(part),

18 (1823).

8,

Boisduval, Ind. Metli. Eur. Lep.

p.

19

(1829), id. Edit. 1840, p. 30.

Imago.

—Forewing

margin oblique, even

subtriangular

;

costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, exterior

with an inwardly oblique transverse discal narrow glandular

;

fascia clothed with large rather broad basally-tapering raised scales, which have

rounded very blunt-toothed

tips,

and are interspersed with numerous longer blackish

androconia with elongated slender-bulbous base and lengthened filiform, penicillate
tip

rather long, narrow

median less swollen.
margin very convex, slightly sinuous cell long,
two upper medians from end of cell. Palpi clothed with very long hairs in

cell

;

Eindiuing bluntly ovate

broad

;

;

costal vein swollen at the base,

exterior

;

front to the tip, apical joint small

;

antennal club spatular.

;

—

Adult Caterpillar. Head rather large, globose; body villose, slightly tapering
at each end, with two short lateral caudal points
green, with darker dorsal line,
and paler subdorsal and spiracular lines. Teeds on grasses.
Suspended by the tail. Thorax convex with two short points at
Chktsalis.
the head abdomen slightly arched on the back green, or very dark brown,
;

—

;

;

Tyjje.

;

—L. Meg£era.

Historical Note ox the Genus Satyeus.— In 1746, Linnceus (Faun. Sneciea,
Fapilio, No. 785, the
i.

p. 473,

synonymic form.

in a

name

of Satijrus as being the

No. 96) he altered the name of

Nat." of

common

this butterfly to

one then applied to

Fapila Mara, quoting the

In the edition of the "Eauna Suec. (1761),

1767, p. 771, No.

141, he also

name
name

Satyrvs, as

its

of a species,

and quotes mwra

under

his division " Satyri," of

synonym.

name Mcera,

the

uses

Retzius, in 1783 (Gen.
as its

synonym.

et.

p.

p.

i.

238) gives to his

In 1758 (Syst. Nat.

it.

earlier

name

275, No. 1049, and in

referring, in

(Safiji-us)

" Syst.

the

both these works, to the

Spes. Ins. p. 32, No. 16), gives Sati/riw as the

Latreille, in

1805 (Gen. Cr.

Ins.

et.

Nymphalis, among other species, gives that of Satyrus

xiv.

(as a

p.

103),

synonym of

Megfera), and as one of the species of that division.

From

the above statement,

it

will be seen that Satyrus is the

name

of a species

synonymous with the

Linnoean micrct; the name Satyrus, therefore, cannot be used either in a subgeneric or generic sense, as has

been subsequently done by the following authors,

viz.

Panzer (Faun. Ins. Germ. Heft. 28

:

— 34 (1796), where

ho describes and figures Papilio Satyrus Galathea, P. S. Hypsipyle and P. S. Fauna, and again in Heft
76 (1801), the P. S.Semele and P. S. Cinxia.

Fap. Safyrus Hyperanthus, P.

S.

Cederheilm, in 1798 (Faun. Ingr. Prod.

PampJdlus, P.

(Consid. Gen. p. 440) established his

S. Maira,

and other

species,

p.

208), describes

and in 1810

Latreille

genus "Satyrus," giving as types, Tewcer, PMdippus, Sophorw,

Piera, Galathea, and Mcera, but also intending

it to embrace within it all the species of the group.
Subsequently the name " Satyrus " has been adopted in a generic form, in this Subfamily, by Godart

Eiicycl.

M6th. 460 (1819)

;

by Swainson, Zool.

Eur. Lep. p. 19 (1829), and in Edit. (1840),
Lep. p. 388 (1851); Butler, Entom.

Ent. Mo. Mag. (1868), p. 194

;

iii.

p.

p.

Illust. 1,

iii.

pi.

159 (1822)

;

by Boisduval, Index Mt'th.

30; by Wcstwood, in Doubleday and llewitson's Gen. D.

279 (1867),

id. Catal.

Crotch, Cistula, Entom.

i.

p.

Satyridte,

Brit.

Mns.

p.

59 (1868),

Staudinger, Catal. Lep. Ear. p. 27 (1871), and others.
Moreover, the name " Satyrus " was previously used for a genus of Mammals, by Tulpius, in

(1871)

id.

91 (1872); Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 73

;

(Observ. Medicee,

p.

270), and

is

also occupied,

through " Satyra," in Diptera, by Meigen, in 1803.

1739


SATYRIN^,

LASIOMMATA SCHAKRA

7

(Plate 96,

Saiijrus Schakra, Kollar, in Hugel's Kaschmir, iv. 2, p. 446,

Lasiommata
-dmecera

Schalcra,

Westwood,


in

—Male.

Ann. Nat. Hist. (18G7),

pi. 15, fig. 3, 4,

i.

p.

163; Catal. Satyr.

p.

etc.

).

(?(1844).

387 (1851).

Brit.

p. 179, pi, xv. figs, 45, 46,

Mus.

^

126

p.

(1868).

? (1883).

Upperside ochreous-brown, somewhat tinged with olive

alternated with ochreous-white.

ocellus with white pupil

by an inwardly-oblique inner
followed by a large subapical black

and an irregular outer ochreous

decreasing somewhat darker ochreous spots,

brown

tinct recurved discal darker

cilia

;

Foreiving crossed

narrow sinuous dusky glandular fascia ;

discal

la.cJ ?

Doubleday and Hewitson's D. Lep.

Marihall and de Nicuville, Butt, of India,

Imago.

fig. 1,

line

all

below which are three
being inwardly bordered by an indisring,

and an outer or submarginal

parallel line.

Eindioing with a faint trace of a slender transverse discal dusky angulated

beyond which

is

a series of three prominent median

ocelli,

line,

and one, sometimes two,

incipient very small upper ocelli, the three former with a black centre, white pupil

and a broad ochreous ring, the two upper spots, when present, being ochreous with
sometimes a minute black central dot ; marginal lines pale brownish-ochreous.
Underside grey basally, greyish-white externally.
recurved ochreous bars within the

cell,

Forewing crossed by two slender

the inner one continuing across the wing, a

and a more sharply-defined outwardly-recurved
and a submarginal and a marginal line subapical

similar bar along the discocellulars,

wavy

discal

ochreous-brown

line,

;

ocellus as above, but with a smaller black centre, larger white pupil, a pale ochreous

and then a slender brown ring above this, immediately before the apex, is a

minute similar ocellus ; below the ocellus the lower discal area is suffused with bright
ochreous. Hindwing crossed by a subbasal and a discal slender ochreous-brown
ring,

;

irregular

wavy

line,

followed by a series of six prominent

duplex, each with a small black centre and
slender

brown

ring, another ochreous ring,

second and third

marginal

ocelli

being the smallest

of

and then another brown ring the upper,
beyond are two slender ochreous-brown
;

Forewing with the

and the posterior spots somewhat broader and

paler, their

bordering line more defined, and the interspace between the ocellus and
discal border

its

Hindwing with the ochreous ring
Underside coloured and marked as in

being more or less whitish.

the ocelh broader and less

male.

white pupil, a pale ochreous ring, a

Upperside paler, and more olivaceous-brown.

ocellus, its ochreous ring,

upper

the sixth being

lines.

Female.

lateral

;

ocelli,

Body above brown

;

defined.

thorax clothed with glossy virescent hairs, thorax

beneath clothed with greyish hairs

brownish above, greyish beneath

;

;

abdomen beneath

collar

brown, with darker ochreous-tipt club.
Expanse, 2 to 2f inches.

and

pale greyish-ochreous

sides of palpi greyish-ochreous

;

;

legs

antennae


;

LEPIDOPTERA INBICA.

8

Caterpillar.

grasses."

— " Apple-green,

(A. G.

with, pale

yellow lateral

lines.

Feeds on various

Young.)

—N.W. and E. Himalayas.
one of the
Distribution. — " This
Habitat.

is

commonest

Kulu

it is

of the

"Western

Mr. A. Graham Young states that

Himalayas, extending eastwards as far as Sikkim.
in

butterflies

very common, appearing in July and again in September and October,

the larva being apple-green with pale yellow lateral lines, and feeds on grasses."
According to Col. A. M. Lang (P.Z.S. 1865, 499), it is " a
(Butt. Ind. i. 179.)

common Himalayan species
roadside in Lower Kunawar and
very

;

to be seen at all seasons flitting about the rocky

the Simla Hills, and pitching on rocks and banks

more abundant on the outer I'anges, on bare grassy slopes." In his MS. Notes, 1865,
Col. Lang also says, " Schakra appears within ten miles of the plains at Kussowli,
It continues for 200 miles, very scarce in
fi'equenting all cliff and rocky ground.

the last fifty of this distance, and I have taken one specimen here, at Pangi March,
to October."
Major Hellard, in his MS. Notes, records it from " Simla, Masuri, and
Kashmir June and October." Major J. W. Yerbury (P.Z.S. 1886, 358) records
specimens from " Murree, August and September between Abbottabad and Kala
;

;

;

Very common

August and September. Found all along the
probably not above
hills as far as Thundiani, and as low as Tret and Bugnoter
5000 feet elevation." Mr. L. de Niceville (Indian Agriculturist, January 1st, 1880),
says, " This insect is to be met with at all seasons and everywhere in the N.-W.
Himalayas, flitting along rocky roads and paths, and continually settling on stones,
Mr. W. Doherty
etc.
I have taken it in Kashmir and far up into Ladak."
Pani, September.

in

;

(J.

A.

S.

Beng. 1886, 117)

records

it

as being found in "

9000 feet; seen as low as Dharchula, 3500

LASIOMMATA MORULA
Amecera Mcerula,
India, etc.

Imago.

i.

Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit.
p.

—Male.

Mus.

generally,

up

to

feet."

(Plate 96,

Lasiommata Marula, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep.

Kumaon

iii.

p.

p.

496,

figs. 2, 2a, b,

(J

J

?

).

(1867).

126 (1868).

Marshall anJ do

Xict-ville,

Butt, of

ISO (1883).

Upperside ochreous-brown

;

cilia

alternated with ochreous-

Forewi7ig not -possessing a glandular fascia; the subapical ocellus with its

white.

ochreous ring larger than in L. Sdiakra, and only two narrow ochreous spots present

below

it,

these spots being also situated somewhat further from the outer margin.

and sometimes one or two upper
incipient spots.
Underside similar to L. Schalcra. Forewing with the two cell bars
closer together, these bars and the discocellular, and also the wavy bar beyond the
HindwiTuj with two prominent median

cell, are

ocelli,

brown, the latter being more outwardly-oblique

;

the slender brown outer


SATYBIX^.
ring of

tlie

large subapical ocellus

9

joined to the minute apical ocellus, and the

is

bright ochreous colour of the lower discal

somewhat

area extends

Hindwing with the transverse subbasal and the discal irregular
more zigzag in their course ocelli with paler ochreous rings.

line

the

into

cell-

dark brown, and

;

Upperside similar to L.

Female.
its

outer ring paler, and

narrower and

its

less defined.

Underside as in the male, except that on the foreiving

the outer ring of the ocellus and

hindwing the

ocelli

Expanse,

c?

?

,

Foreioing with the ocellus larger,

ScJiaJcra.

contiguous inner border whiter, the lower ochreous spots

its

contiguous inner border

whiter, and on the

is

have pale ochreous-white rings.
2f inches.

—N.-W. Himalaya (Kunawur, Pangi).
Distribution. —Major Hellard,
MS. Notes,
Habitat.

in his

records this

from

species

" Pangi in Busahir, in August."

LASIOMMATA M^ROIDES

(Plate 96,

Lasiommaia Mceroides, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep.

iii.,

Amecera Mceroides, Marshall and de Mceville, Butt,

Imago.

—Male.

"Upperside as

in

p.

fig. 3,

?

).

496, pi. 69,

of India, etc.

i.

fig. 1,

?

(1867).

181 (1883).

p.

L. menava, but paler; the streaks more

Foretoing with the ocellus distinctly surrounded with fulvous, and with

obsolete.

two large spots irrorated with fulvous below it.
as in L. menava, but more broadly ringed and a
spot annexed to the upper ocellus.

Hindiving with two
little

ocelli

nearer the margin

coloured

a fulvous

;

Underside as in L. menava, but the hindwing

with the streaks of the basal half fuscous, scarcely margined with fulvous

beyond the cell a
Female.

little

more directed outwards towards the

Upperside.

;

that

costa."

Forewing with the ocellus placed on a broad triangular

ochreous patch paler than in L. menava, distinctly defined throughout, the traversing veins being also ochreous and scarcely perceptible
smaller

and further from the discal edge

prominent

ocelli,

Expanse,
Habitat.

the lowest small.

c?

?

of

the

the

;

subapical ocellus

is

Hindwing with two

patch.

Underside as in the male.

2 to 2f inches.

—Dras and Indus Valley Ladak.

— The type specimens were taken by the
;

late Dr. F. Stohczka, in

Distribution.

the " Dras Valley, Ladak, and at Chuhchang, at 12,000 feet." Major H. B. Hellard,
in his MS. Notes, records it from the " lower part of Dras Kiver Valley, and from

Indus Valley between Skardo and Dras River

LASIOMMATA MENAVA
Lasiommata Menava, Moore, Proc. Zool.

Amecera Menava,

Butler,

II.

taken in July."

(Plate 96,

figs. 4,

See. 1865, p. 499, pi. 30,

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867,

Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India,

VOL.

;

etc.

i.

p.
p.

4a,

fig.

3,

c?

$

163; Catal. Satyr.

?

)•

.

Brit.

Mus.

p.

180 (1883).

C

126(1868).


LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

10

Imago.
gloss

;

—Male.

Upperside dark olivescent ochreous-brown, -witli an genescent
Forewing with a transverse inwardly-oblique
alternated with white.

cilia

dusky glandular fascia, which extends from the upper median to the
two very indistinct slender dusky bars crossing the cell, a
posterior margin
similar discocellular bar, and an upper outer-discal outwardly-recurved line, the
discal straight

;

bordering edge

latter with a slightly paler external

marginal line

;

beyond

is

a

sub-

suffused

a moderately large prominent subapical black ocellus and a minute

;

and narrow ochreous outer ring. Eindwing
outer ocelli, the lowest, and when present the

apical ocellus, each with a white pupil

with two, sometimes three, similar
iipper, being

the

smallest.

Forewing with the

Underside pale brownish-grey.

lower discal area suffused with bright ochreous markings as on upperside, with
the cell bars, discal and submarginal line prominent, dark brown, and externally
;

ocelli
bordered with pale grey, the inner cell-bar extending across the wing
Hindunng crossed by a subbasal and a discal irregular recurved
prominent.
;

ochreous-brown line

two

pale

;

a series of six prominent

ochreous rings

and two

ocelli,

brown rings

;

the sixth duplex, each with

marginal

lines

grey

pale

bordered.

Female

Foreioing with a broad inverted-pyriform bright ochreous ex-

paler.

on which the two ocelli are very prominent, the patch traversed by
the brown veinlets and the large ocellus inwardly bordered by an incurved brown
Hindwing with the ocelli as in male, but more prominent. Underside
streak.
terior patch,

Thorax above clothed with virescent-brown hairs body beneath
brownish-grey; legs above brown; palpi clothed with brownish-grey hairs; collar
and side of palpi greyish-white ; antenna dark brown, annulated with white.
as in the male.

;

— If to 2f inches.
Beluchistan).
Habitat. — N.-W. Himalayas
—
"According to Col. A. M. Lang's
Distribution.
Expanse.

c?

?

;

very

local,

and seems

to disappear

to

have

( ?

MS.

its headquarters at Pangi, in

within fifteen miles on either side.

On

the

notes, this

species

is

Middle Kunawur, and

Werang

Pass,

nearly

14,000 feet high, and about twelve miles from here, Tibetwards, I have taken this
Col. Lang also obtained it at Chini, 9000 feet, in
insect in June and July."

September.

Major Hellard took

Niceville (Butt. Ind. 181)

it

at

Pangi

observes that "it

in

is

July and August.

Mr.

L.

de

found in the Pangi and Chini

June and July, but it appears to be local, and nowhere very common.
I took a male at Nurla, Ladak, on July 5th, and two females at Chanagund and
Charjil, Ladak, in June and July ; these were all the specimens I saw, the ex-

districts in

tremely scanty vegetation of this dry and barren region not being favourable to an

abundant insect fauna."

A

female specimen, doubtfully referable to this

species,

and

differing

from


—

—

——

—

SATYRIN.E.
the same sex of

tlie

11

Persian species (L. Nasshreddini) has

ochreous patch on

tlie

with the inner discal border of the patch suffused with

the forewing paler and

Watson

ochreous, was taken by Lieut. B. Y.

at Quetta

on

May

Mr.

10th, 1885.

L. de Niceville (Butt, of India, 81) also refers to " a female specimen taken

M. Lang,

Col. A.

Valley, Beluchistan, at 8000 feet elevation, in

Kawas

the

in

September."

Allied Persian and Chinese Species op Lasiommata.

13,

figs.

14,

?

c?

(1876)

Romanoff,

;

from L. menava.

to -but distinct

(Lep. China and Japan).

The following

W.

Habitat.

oblique and

margin

genera
;

:

— Genus

narrow

long,

cell

;

cell,

antennae

upper median much arched.
short,

stout,

with

cell in

ex-

discocellulars

;

no androconial patch.

;

;

cell,

broad

;

two upper medians from end of

;

clothed in front to the tip

Palpi densely

well-formed

a

;

a direct line with the sub-

lower radial from above middle of the discocellulars

discocellulars undulated, radial from the middle

Male.

apex obtuse

Hindiving bluntly ovate, exterior margin convex, somewhat sinuous

the

5,

L. mcesa, Leech

Lopinga.

nov.

nearly straight,

costa

outwardly -oblique, upper radial from end of
costal,

pi.

Nearest allied

1890, p. 487.

Shahrud, N. Persia.

convex

slightly

p. 240,

xii.

China.

allied

Forewing rather narrow, subtriangular
terior

Mem. Lep.

Habitat.

Chinese

are

—L. Nasshreddini (Pararge

Hor. Soc, Ent. Ross.

Christoph,

Nasshreddini, Staudinger;

by

elongated

thick

Type.

club.

;

— L.

dumetorum (Pararge dumetorum, Oberthiir, Etudes Ent. 1886, p. 23, pi. 4, fig. 20).
Habitat.
W. China. L. nemorum (Pararge nemorum, Oberthiir, Etudes Ent. 1890,
Habitat.

Yunan. L. catena (Pararge catena. Leech,
p. 42, pi. 9, fig. 103).
Habitat.

Entomologist, 1890, p. 30).

Alpheraky, Romanoff's

Mem.

Lep.

v.

L.fidmscens (Pararge fulvescens,

C. China.

China.

Habitat.

1889, p. 118).

Forewing longer and narrower than in typical
more arched, exterior margin more oblique, the
posterior margin comparatively shorter and with an indistinctly defined inner
discal short glandular fascia, which is clothed with short, very broad, battledorescales, some elongate narrow foliate scales with rounded tip, and a few long fine
Ceebeta.

Male.

Lasiommata (L. megsera)

costa

Gen. nov.

tapering hairs
exterior

;

cell

margin

;

more than

convex, slightly scalloped;

with shorter hairs in

front

Mosc, 1851,

Amurland.

1852, p. 59.
Butt.

Japan,

p. 617.

antennee

;

H.

wing, broad.

of

more

Schseffer, Schraett, Eur.

31,

9,

fig.

5.

Habitat.

(Pararge erebina Butler, Ann. N.H., 1883, p. 277).
c 2

and with a longer

i.

figs.

609, 610).

Bremer and Grey; Motsch.

Menetries, Catal. Acad. Mus. Petr.
p.

slender,

clothed

Deidamia (Pararge Deidamia, Eversm.

C. Menetriesii (Satyr. Menetriesii,

pi.

Hindiving short,

Palpi slender,

longer.

cell

longer,

Type. — Crebeta

gradually-thickened club.
Bull.

half length

i.

pi.

tig.

6,

N. China
Habitat.

;

4 (1855).

Japan.

S.

Corea.

G.

Habitat.

Etud.
Pryer,
erebina


;

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

12

AMECERA.

Genus
Amecera

(part), Butler,

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867,

p.

162.

Pararge, Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India,

Imago.

—Male.

Wings broad

etc.

much swollen

broad

cell

;

No

convex, scalloped

;

short, broad

from the angle
joint

;

;

somewhat

grooved club

the median ^-nd submedian

;

;

and before the middle, radials
Himhring short ; exterior margin

subcostal

first

Thorax hairy;

cylindrical
;

;

palpi long, slender,

rather

legs

long, slender,

hairy in front,

middle and hind

antennse slender and with a well-formed, elongated,

eyes hairy.

(Plate 97,

Pararge Cashmirensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,
NicevUle, Butt, of India,

—Male.

less so

to subcostal

AMECERA CASHMIRENSIS

Imago.

and convex

much

emitted at some distance
and angular in the middle,
two upper medians emitted from lower end of the cell,

femora slightly hairy beneath
slightly

Forewing subtriangular

discocellular outwardly-oblique

;

upper median much curved.
apical

177 (1883), nee Hubner.

slightly scalloped

androconial patch present.

cell

before end of the cell
radial

at the base

discocellulars angled close

from the angles.

p.

-woolly at their base.

;

costa well arcbed, apex obtuse, exterior margin
costal vein

i.

etc.

i.

p.

p.

figs. 1, la, b,

265, pi. 43,

cj

?

fig. 3,

).

$

.

Marshall and de

177 (1883).

Upperside ochreous-yellow, suffused with ochreous-brown at

base of the forewing, and darker on the hindwing ; cilia yellowish-white
Foreiuing with a black dentate discocellular bar, and
alternated with dark brown.

tlie

an ochreous-black exterior marginal band, the inner edge of which commences on
the costa about one-third before the apex, and curves exteriorly half round a black
the posterior angle;

white-pupilled subapical spot, and thence attenuates to

androconia present.

Hindiving

with

a

broad

dusky

ochreous-brown

no

exterior

band with waved inner edge, before which are three or four discal black
spots, each with a minute white pupil, the middle spot being the largest, and the
Underside. Foreiving paler ochreous, markings as on upperanterior the smallest.

maro-inal

HisTORiCAL Note on the Genus Ameoera.
meqccra as the indicated type.

MATA

in 1840,

it

As

—This

genus was founded in 1867 by Mr. Butler, with

this species {megoera)

became the type

cannot therefore be taken for the type of Amecera.

by Mr. Butler, under Amecera,

are strictly congeneric with megsera, except

—

of

West wood's genus

Lasio.m-

All the other species mentioned

Eversmanni and Baldiva, the

—

the type of Hiibner's genus EcMEins
consequently
latter species (Baldiva) being congeneric with Semele
therefore
be
retained
Amecera,
must
in
and
to
remaining
represent
species
the
Eversmanni is the only

genus.

The Pap. CUmene,

Fabricius, of S. E. Europe, being congeneric with Eversmanni, will also

Amecera, as here defined.

come into

SATYEIN^.
but greyish-brown

side,

also three slender

;

and an irregular streak beyond

13

brown transverse streaks within the

two prominent subapical black ocelli with
white pupil, the upper one very small, beneath them is a white dot, indicating an
incipient ocellus, all three being encompassed by a slender brownish line.
Hindwing
with greyish-brown basal area and exterior border, the discal area being whitishgrey, the division defined by a dark brown irregular zigzag discal line, there being
cell,

brown subbasal

it

:

and a wavy submarginal line, the pale area

traversed by a series of six prominent ocelli, the lowest being duplex, each with a
black centre and white pupil, an ochreous ring, and then a brown ring, the upper,
second, and third ocellus being the smallest, the others of nearly equal size.
also a similar

Female.

Upperside.

more prominent, the

Foreiving differs only in the two subapical spots being

(J

and the marginal border are broader.

discocellular bar

Underside as

ioing as in male.

Expanse,

line,

Eind-

in male.

2 to 2f, ? 2f to 2f inches.

—'N.-W. Himalayas (Kashmir).
" a rare
Distribution. — A. Cashmirensis
Habitat.

and very

is

local butterfly.

It

was

captured by the late Capt. R. Bayne Reed at Goolmurg, an elevated plateau above
Specimens have since been taken by Mr. R. Ellis in Pangi, in
feet, in Kashmir.

6000

July and August, at considerable elevations.
in

Kashmir, but no other record of

The

late

its

It

was also captured by Mr. Atkinson

capture can be traced."

(Butt. Ind.

i.

178.)

Major H. B. Hellard obtained specimens at Ooramboo and Goolmurg.
The allied A. Eversmanni* F. v. W. Moscow

Allied species op Ameceea.

—

Specimens which we have examined
from A. Cashmirensis, on the upperside, in the exterior marginal band beino-

Bull. 1847, pi.
differ

ii.

fig.

5, 6, of

Central Asia.

much darker and more pronounced,

band on the hind-wing being

this

spicuously narrow, and very sharply defined on

its

also

con-

inner edge, the discal black

spots being five in number, sharply defined, and placed in a

more regularly hnear

sequence, the entire discal and basal area of this wing being also as bright ochreous
in

colour

as

the

forewing.

On

the

underside A.

Eversmanni

differs

in

the

forewing being brighter ochreous, the cell streaks and outer markings darker and
sharply defined, the

much

cell

streaks less sinuous and wider apart, the outer streak being

nearer the discocellular veinlet.

brown

In the hindwing the basal area and outer

portions are darker, the subbasal and discal irregular line prominent, the

outer edge of the latter strongly defined, and prominently white bordered
are

more regular

size,

and

all

in size,

are placed in

though smaller, the three upper

more regularly

1890, p. 487.

the ocelli

being of uniform

linear sequence.

* Also described and figured by Erschoff, Lep. Turkestan,

Mem. Lep.

ocelli

;

p.

19, pi. 2,

fig.

15.

See also Eomanoff's

It is placed, erroneously, in Staudinger's Catal. Eur. Lep. (1871), p. 30,

variety of Pararge Eoxelana.

This latter named insect

is

not even congeneric.

as

a


—

;

U

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.
The

broad.

following
Foreiving

an

is

genus

allied

somewbat triangulate

:

;

Gen. nov. Kirixia.
costa

Male.

much arched, apex

exterior margin very slightly oblique, posterior angle rounded

swollen at the base, median and submedian slightly swollen

extending to more than half the wing

;

;

;

Wings

short,

obtusely rounded,

much

costal vein

very broad, and

cell

discocellulars outwardly oblique, angled close

and deeply incurved before the middle, radials from the angles median
veinlets very wide apart ; the basal half of the wing, including the cell, hairy, and
to subcostal

;

clothed with brownish short, broadly oval, more or less dentate-tipt scales, and

conspicuously interspersed with numerous jet-black androconia, which have broad
oval bulbous base, and very long fine tapering hair-like
exterior margin

ovate,

scalloped

emitted fully one-third before end of

middle, radial from the angle
cell,

the upper median being

;

broad across

cell

;

cell

its

Hindiving broadly

tip.

middle

;

first

discocellulars very oblique, angled in the

;

two upper median branches from extreme end of
arched ; submedian and median widely separated.

much

Palpi long, slender, clothed with long fine hairs in front, apical joint long.
short, slender, with a lengthened, very slender club.

Type.

—

Epimenides

A".

Amurland, Lep.
9,

f.

land

9.

Japan.

;

Mem.

Sijn.

Lep.

iii.,

p. 39,

pi.

subcostal

Eyes

(Lasiommata Epimenides,

3, figs.

8, 9,

?

(?

(1859).

Antennae

hairy.

Menetr.

Schrenk's

Reise

Pryer, Butt. Japan, p. 31,

pi.

Ann. N. H., 1877, p. 91. Eahifat. AmurK. Epimenondas (Pararge Epimenondas, Staudinger, Romanoff's
Amurland.
Habitat.
p. 150, pi. 17, fig. 12).

ISTeope Fentoni,

Butler,

Genus C HON ALA.
Imago.

—"Wings

Forewing triangularly-ovate, with the costa much

short, broad.

arched, apex rounded, exterior margin convex, posterior angle rounded

than half length of wing, broad

from a

;

slight angle very close to subcostal,

medians wide apart.

No

;

cell

lower radial from above the middle

;

perceptible discal glandular fascia, but a few long llach

androconia with stout bulbous base and hair-like penicillate-tip, are present
the ordinary scales.

more

discocellulars outwardly-recurved, upper radial

among

margin convex, and with a
slight tendency to an angle at end of upper median veinlet
anal angle round
abdominal margin long cell broad, long first subcostal emitted at some distance
before upper end of cell
discocellulars very oblique, angular in the middle, radial
from the angle middle median emitted from extremely close to end of the cell.
Body slender; palpi clothed in front to the tip with long fine hairs ; antennae with a
Hindiving bluntly ovate

;

exterior

;

;

;

;

;

Avell-formed lengthened club.

TiPE.— C. Masoni.

^


SATTRIN^.

CHONALA MASONI

(Plate 97,

15
figs. 2, 2a, b,

Debis (Tansima) Masoni, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 405, pi. 25,
Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India,

Ze^/ie ifasowi,

etc.

i.

p.

c?

?

).

fig. 2.

159 (1883).

Elwes, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 315.

Imago.

—Male and female.

Upperside dark olivescent-brown.

which

Foreiving with a

most sharply defined
and somewhat sinuous on its inner edge ; the outer border of the wing being darker
brown, and with a subapical small white spot between the subcostal and upper radial,
broad

-white transverse discal outwardly-oblique band,

sometimes also with a smaller slender spot above
spot below

it

streak bordering the anterior angle

;

indistinct blackish larger

Eindiving with a slight white

white anteriorly, brownish posteriorly.

cilia

Forewing with the white band more prominent and some-

Underside slightly paler.

what broader

and an

broad, alternated with white.

cilia

;

it,

is

subapical white spot more distinct, above which

;

paler spot, and below

an intersected

is

a prominent black ocellus, with white pupil and ochreous

it

a short cinereous-white wavy outer line ascending from the upper spot, beyond
which are two whitish-ochreous marginal lines. Hindwing thickly irrorated with
cinereous scales ; crossed by a subbasal and a discal undulated wavy brown line,
ring

;

beyond which

is

a curved series of six prominent

ocelli,

each with a black centre and

white pupil (the lowest bipupilled), a broad dull ochreous ring, and then a black
ring

;

followed by two cinereous-white marginal lines, the inner one being slightly

Body beneath, and
and clothed with black hairs ; collar and
dilated at its apical end.

legs

cinerescent-brown

side of palpi white

;

palpi

edged

antennge black,

;

annulated with white.

Expanse, 2f to 2f inches.
Habitat.
Sikkim.

—

This insect, so far as

Sikkim to the eastward by
Valley" (Elwes,

1.

c. p.

Chinese allied
Oberthiir,

is

my

yet known, " has only been found in the interior of
native collectors, probably in Bhotan or the

315).

species

of Chonala.

Etudes Entom. 1886, 22,

pi. 4,

—

f.

(Pararge preeusta Leech, Entomologist, 1890,

Genus
Arge* Hubner,

Verz. Bek. Schmett. p. 60 (1816).

Doubleday and Hewitson's Gen. D. Lep.

p.

153 (1868).

Enum.

episcopaUs

24).

Habitat

p. 188).

(Pararge

episcopahs,

W. China.— G. prceusta
Habitat. W. China.

AGAPETES.

in

Agapetes, Billberg,

G.

Chumbi

Ins. p. 78 (1820).

p.

Boisduval, Ind. Meth. p. 25 (1840).

383 (1851).

Butler,

Catal.

Satyridffi

Scudder, Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sci,

Westwood
Brit.

Boston, 1875,

p. 104.

Melanargia, Meigen, Eur. Schmett.
*

i. p.

Founded on the name

97 (1829).

Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 71 (1871).

of one of the species, therefore not admissible.

Mus.

;

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

16

Melanagria, Staudinger, CataL Lep. Eur.

p.

9 (1S61).

H.

Scliseffer,

Prod. Syst. Lep. pp. 13, 58

(1865).

Satyrus (part) Latreille.

Imago.

—Male.

Foreiving subtriangulai'

;

exterior margin very slightly oblique, slightly convex

vein swollen at base

;

cell

apex obtuse,

costa arclied at base,

and

slightly scalloped; costal

broad, extending to half the wing

;

discocellulars outwardly

oblique, angled close to subcostal, concave below the angle, upper radial

median veinlets long and wide
Hinclwing short, rather broad; exterior margin convex, sinuous ; cell broad,
discocellulars very oblique ; middle median veinlet starting considerably

upper angle, lower radial emitted before the middle
apart.

short

from the

;

before end of the

Palpi clothed in front with long porrect hairs.

cell.

Oatebpillab. — "

Cylindrical,

proportionally small, almost globular

minutely villose

;

Antenna

Eyes naked.

thick, with a gradually-formed stout club.

Adult

;

stout,

tapering towards each end

;

head

anal segment with two short lateral points

colour buff, with the longitudinal lines more or less brown, or very

;

pale yellowish-green

yellowish borders

;

;

the dorsal line dark green, a subdorsal line paler green with

subspiracular line paler

;

spiracles small, round, black;

head pale

pinkish-brown ; anal points pink ; front legs brownish, ventral and prolegs green.
Feeds on grasses." " Changes to a pupa among moss without suspending itself in

any way, or making a cocoon."
" Stout,

Chrysalis.

plump, widest

headpiece
where the wing-cases end
thorax rounded abdomen curved
;

sloping from the shoulders, but ends squarely

;

;

abdomen ending in a square piece, on which is placed a short blunt
colour pale
spike, set at the end with two little groups of short straight spines
the segmental

ochreous-white wing and antennas cases freckled with pale brown
middle
the
spiracles
down
large,
rings marked with yellow
a brownish stripe
brown anal spike chestnut-brown."
to the tail

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

Egg.

" Large and plump, stumpy, ovate in outline, the shell looking like dull

bone-white china, and

is

covered

over with very shallow rhomboidal network,

all

with very tiny knobs at the knots, and with a central patch of finer meshes on the
(Buckler's Larvae Brit. Butt.

top."

Type.

No

i.

p. 161.)

—A. Galathea.
from within our northern limits.
from Tekes, Kashgar, are in the
A. montana. Leech, occurs in E. Tibet and Western

species of this genus has yet been recorded

Specimens of a species closely allied to A. Cleanthe,

British

Museum

China

A. Leda (Leech, Entom. 1891, p. 67)

;

Collection.

is

also described

from W. China.

Also

A. Halimede, Menetries (Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 101,
Habitat.
Amurland; Corea. A. meridionalis, Felder (Staudinger in Romanoff's
pi. 8, figs. 5, 6).

Mem.

Lep. 1887, p. 147,

pi. 16, fig. 9, 10).

Habitat.

W.

China.


;

SATYRIN^.
Genus
jFamems, Hiitner, Verz. bek, Schmett.
Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B.

M.

p.

EUMENIS.

58 (1816); Samml. Exot. Schmett.

p. 7 (1850).

11,

85(1820-26).

pi.

Scudder, Amer. Acad. A. and Sci. Boston, lti75,

p. 171.

Hipparehia (part) Auctorum (nee Fabricius).

—Male.

Imago.

Forewing elongate, subtriangular,

narrow

ratlier

;

costa slightly

arched, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin oblique, posterior angle rounded,
posterior margin long, straight; base of
at the base

;

costal

;

and median vein swollen
narrow disco-

outwardly-oblique, upper radial emitted from close to

cellulars

radial from the middle

median veinlets very wide apart

;

discal inwardly-oblique glandular patch,
cell to

wing hairy

cell long, extending to three-fifths the length, rather

beyond

its

end, and

is

;

;

subcostal, lower

crossed by a medial

which also extends within lower edge of the

clothed with laxly-raised, outwardly-curved elongated

claviform almost transparent scales, between which are interspersed numerous dark

coloured short androconia, which are extremely slender, attenuating to their end,

and have a dilated tip, the androconia being scarcely perceptible, unless forcibly
Hindwing bluntly-ovate, exterior margin scalloped
dislodged from their positions.
base hairy cell long, extending more than half the wing discocellular very long,
oblique, recurved
middle median starting at some distance before end of the cell.
;

;

;

antennse slender, with a very short,

Palpi densely clothed in front to the tip;

Eijes naked.

broad, slightly pointed, flattened spatular club.

Adult Caterpillar.
forked extremity, and a

— " One and a half inch
little

in length, tapering

towards the head, which

is

much

to the anal

globular; ground colour of

the back delicately mottled drab, with longitudinal stripes broadest along the middle
segments, viz. a dorsal stripe of olive brown, very dark at the beginning of each

segment, with a thin edging of brownish-white

subdorsal region with three

;

composed of a double narrow line of yellowish-brown,
the second wider, and of the mottled ground colour, edged with paler above and
longitudinal stripes, the

first

with white beneath, the third, of similar width,
with black; spiracular stripe

broader, and

is

of a dark grey -brown,

brown, edged with brownish -white above and below
surface and legs drab colour.

Head brown,

Chrysalis.

delicately

— " Obtuse, rounded,

tumid, and smooth

black

;

ventral

marked with darker brown

sand and earth very slightly cohering together."
Type.
II.

;

abdominal rings scarcely

Formed

and wholly of a deep red mahogany colour.

the surface, close to the roots of the grass, yet free

vol.

spiracles

;

Feeds on grasses."

stripes.

visible,

edged above

of nearly equal width, pale ochreous-

in a

hollow space below

from them, with the particles of

(Buckler.)

—E. Semele.
August 10th, 1892.

d