Lepidoptera indica, Moore V6

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA
BY

F.

MOOEE,

D.SC,

FELLOW OP THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, AND OP THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON CORRESPONDING MEMBER OP THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP STETTIN,
AND OP THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP THE NETHERLANDS ASSOCIATE
MEMBER OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, LONDON, AND OP THE ASIATIC SOCIETY
;

;

OP BENGAL.

VOL. VI.

RHOPALOCERA.
FAMILY PAPILIONID^.
SUB-FAMILY PAPILIONIN-S! (CONTINUED).

FAMILY PIBRID^.
SUB-FAMILY PIERINiE.

LONDON

LOVELL REEVE &

CO.,

LIMITED,

PUBLISHERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS,
6,

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN".
1903—1905.



DESCKIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 480.

Plate 467.

....
....

Fig. \, larva and pupa; la,h,
Zetides Jason

Plate 468.
Fig.

andpupa

larva

1,

la, h,

;

Zetides Axion

cJi 1^>

d,

c,

^

le,

,

Fig. 1,

?•

Fig.

.

\,

4

?

c,

Zetides Chiron

.

6

.

larva andpupa; la,
Zetides Agamemnon

Z),

...
^J, Ic,

?.

and pupa;

larva

3,

cJ

3a,

?

.

Fig. 1, (J, In,

?

.

,

^,

\c,

36

.

c?, Ic,

?.

39

.....

Meandrusa Evan. {Dry-

and pupa;

lai'va

la,
.

^

h, c,

12

?.

.14

.

.

Plate 484.
cJ, 16,

1(Y,

?

.

Dabasa Gyas

Fig

and pupa;

1, Za/'ya

Plate 473.
(J, Ic,

\a, h,

Dalchina Cloanthus

.

?.

.16

.

la,
(

Fig.

la,

1,

^,

16,

andpupa;

\h, c,

Pathysa Alcibiades

$.

d,

^,

.

.

19

\h,

?.
5

Plate

...

?. Sai'baria Polyctor

{Dry- season fm'm)

le,

^,

Wet-season form)

Plate 486.

Plate 474.
Fig. 1, la, Zarya

49

.

Plate 485.
Sarbaria Polyctor

Fig. l,/nrr« and pupa;

47
48

.

Fig. 1,

Dalchina Teredon

?• {Wet-season form)

c?! If)

16,

...

la, h, cj, Ic, ?

39
43
44

.

Papilio Sikkimensis

Plate 483.

7

472.

Fig. 1,

6,

lo, 6,

Papilio Asiatica
Papilio Ladakensis

.

(J.

season fortii)

Dalchina Sarpedoii

Plate

g

2,

Plate 471.
1,

\a,

....

larva and pupa;
Papilio Asiatica

Fig. 1,

Plate 470,

Fig.

;

Pazala Cashmirensis

.

Plate .482.

Fig. 1, \a, (?, 16,

1,

?

Plate 481

?

Plate 469.

Fig.

and pup)a

larva
d,

1

52

487.

Fig. 1, (J,

Irt,

?. Sarbaria Ganesa

.

.

56

Plate 475.
Fig. 1,

Iff,

Pathysa Naiia
2i,
?. Pathysa Epami.

c?-

2a,

2,

c?,

.

.....

nondas

22

23

J'j Ic,

I),

?

.

Pathysa Anticrates

24

Fig. 1, (^. Sarbaria Gladiator

Plate 477.
Fig.

1,

la, larva
e,

Sarbaria Significans

2, c?.

.

.

.

.

57

57

Plate 489.

Plate 476.
Fig. 1, la,

Plate 488.
Fig. 1, ^. Sarbaria Triumphator

?

.

andpupa;

\h, c,

Pathysa Nomius

J',

2,

(J

3,

cJ.

.

.

.

Pangeranopsis Elephenor
Pangeranopsis Doddsi

.

.58
.

.

59
60

Id,

.

.

26

Plate 490.
Fig. 1, cJ. Achillides Arcturus
$. Achillides Krishna

Plate 478.

Fig. 2,

Fig. 1, la, h, cj. Pathy.sa Pernomius
Deoris Agetes
2, 2a, (J, 26, ?
.

.

.

29
31

.

.

61

.

.

63

U, ?. Achillides Paris

64

Plate 491.
Fig.

1,

la, 6,

(5',

Plate 479.
Fig.

1,

la, (J, 16, ?. Pazala Glycerion
Pazala Sikkima
?

2, 2a, (J, 26,

.

.

.

33

35

Plate 492.
Fig.

1,

(S,la,

?. Achillides Tamilana

.

65


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

VI

Plate 510.

Platk 493.
Fig.

and pupa

larva

1,

9

In,

;

Fig.

d,
c?, If,

h,

Havimala Crino

.

larva and pupa

lu,

;

c?,lc,

&,

Fig.

?.

?
,...••
....••

la, c?> 1*)

1,

rus

Plate 496.
Fig,

la,

1,

6,

Castor

<^

!<;,

c?,

e,

1,

Fig.

Fig. 1, la,

?

Tamera Castor

.

(Var.)

74

.

Tamera Mehala

?.

c,

Fig.

76

.98

.

.

(J.lf,

b,

Tamera Maliadeva

?.

f/,

Menamopsis
106

la,

1,

c,

I),

.....
d,

(J.

Menamopsis
107

Paranticopsis Polynices
Paranticopsis
?.

?.

1,

(^,

Iff,

2,

(J,

2a,

.....

Indicus

77

109

?,2J,

110

Plate 516.

500.
la,

1,

.

Plate 515.
Fig.

S,lh, ?.

Fig. 1, la,

Euploeopsis

?.

c,

.

Tavoyauus

c?, 1&,

96

Slateri

Plate 499.

Fig.

1«,

1,

74

Plate 498.

Plate

lb,

(J,

Danisepa

Plate 514.

U,

\a,

Euploeopsis

?•

«'

Plate 513.

Plate 497.
Fig.

la,

1,

71

Tamera

?.

.....

1*1

c?>

512.

Fig.

Harimala Palinu-

Cadugoides

S-

104

Telearchus

Plate

Plate 495.

la,

1,

69

Harimala Buddha

Fig.

d, e,

e,

6,

Epycides

Plate 511.

Plate 494.
Fig. \,

la,

1,

67

g,

darum

......
Ih,

Fig.

?. Tamera Dravi-

c,

79

1,

2,

c?, Iff,
(J, 2ff,

?• Paranticopsis Phrontis
Paranticopsis Xenocles

?

.

112
113

Plate 517.

Plate 501.
Fig. 1, la,

?

c?, 1&- f,

•

Chilasa Clytia

82

.

Fig. 1, la,

Paranticopsis Neronus
?. Paranticopsis Megarus

(J.

2, (J,2ff,

.

114
114

.

127

.

Plate 502.
Fig.

and

larva

1,

pupce

Chilasa Casyapa

la,

;

h,

.

.

(J.

.84

.

Plate 518.
Fig. 1, cJ, Iff, ?. Danaus Brassicse
Danaus Deota
2, 2a, c?
Danaus Devta
3&, ?

3, 3a, (J
.

•

Plate 503.
Fig.

1,

la, c?, ? ;
1&. c. cJ.
Chilasa Onpape
(J ? .

;

e,

l'^.

86

f.

?

•

Chilasa Janus

87

.

.

130

.

131

Plate 519.
Fig.

Plate 504.
Fig. 1, la, c?. 1*.

.

,

...
?

.129

.

1,

(J, li, c,

2

c?,

2a,

$
J,

.

?

Danaus Rapse
3 S, 3a,
;

Danaus Ajaka

?.

.132

.

.

.

h,

Plate 505.
Fig.

1,

?. Chilasa Papone
Chilasa Commixta

(J, Ih,

la,

1,1a,

88
89

.

.

cf.

.

Plate
Fig.

5 20.

506.
Fig. 1, larva
d,

$

.

and piupa ; la,
Chilasa Dissimilis

Fig. 1, (J, la,

b, c,

bata

.

c,

h,

^,

Chilasa

?.
.

.

.

....

\d,

(J,

e,

f, g,

Jt,

?.

133

Ic,

.

98

.

Plate 521.
Fig. 1, S,

flavolim-

.93

.

l«j

&.

2,

(S,-2a,b,

3,

^,

off,

b,

?• Pontia Daplidice
?. Pontia Glauconome

?. Parapieris Callidice
.

137
139
140

Plate 522.

Plate 508.
la,

1,

b,

Danaus Canidia

Plate 507.

Fig.

la,

1,

Plate

(J,

Agestor

.....

16,

c,

?.

Cadugoides
101

Fig. 1. la, (J. Parapieris Chumbisnsis
Fig. 2, 2a, S, 26, c, ?. Baltia Shawii
Baltia Butleri
Fig. 3, 3a, J 36, 9
,

.

.

.

.

143
144
145

Plate 509.
Fig.

1,

larva

and

Ic, (J, Id,

dra

pupa;

la, (J, lb,

?

Plate 523.

;

Fig.

?. Cadugoides Govin-

103

1,

larva and pupa; la, b,
9- Pieris Soracta

le,/,

c,

d,
.

^,
148


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 538.

Plate 524.
Fig.

1,

(?, la, 6,

2,2a,

Pieris Nabellica
?. Pieris Harrietis

?

.

.

c?. 26,

151

Fig.

$,

la,

1,

16,

d,

c,

e,

?.

Prioneris

Thestylis {Wet-Bea&on form)

1.52

.

.187

.

Plate 539.

Plate 525.
Fig. 1, \a, ^, lb, ?. Metaporia Phryxe
Fig. 2, larva and pupa ; 2a, b, ^ , 2c, ?

154

Fig.

.

Metaporia Caphusa

.

.155

.

....

la, r?. Prioneris Thestylis (Weiseason form).
2,2a, c?i26, c, ?. Prioneris Thes1,

form)

tylis (Drij -season

.

.

187

189

Plate 526.
Fig.

1, la,

?. Metaporia Ariaca

16,

cJ,

.

?. Metaporia Agathon

Fig. 2, 2a, c?> 26,

156
156

Plate 540.
Fig.

?

and pupa;

If",

;

c?.

la,

1,

c,

h,

(^

,

Id,

Anaphseis

?•

.

.

.

.158

.

......
......

2a, c?, 26,

Plate 528.
Fig.

la,

^f,g,K

Mesentina

bana

6,

Sanaca

?

c,

d,

Ic,

(?,

Anaphseis Tapro-

.

.

.

16,

?

c,

Delias Ithiela

.

.

163

Plate
Fig.

6,

(

9

c,

.

c,

?

^

.

.169

.

la, (?, 16,

c,

2,2a, c?>26,

c,

Delias Thvsbe
?
?. Piccarda Hierte
.

.

.

195

Appias

Hip.

.

.

9. Appias Zelmira

c,

Wet-season form)

ld,e,

.

.

?. Appias
Wet-season form)
(
2a, 6,

(J,

.

cJ

3a,

,

?

b,

.

.

200

Appias Zelmira

?.

If, g,

(J,

{Intermediate form)

167

\c, d,

,

.

.

la, cj, 16,

1,

.

.

201

Libythea
.

.

203

Appias Libythea

.

.

.

.

205

Plate 543.

Fig. 1,

532.
1,

16,

{Dry-season form)

larva and pupa; la,
5 . Delias Aglaia

Hip-

Plate 542.

Plate 531.
1,

J',

2a, c?, 26,

3,

Fig.

.194

.

.

.

Plate 530.

S,

?

ff,

,

2,

Fig. 1, la,

1/,

,

196
Appias Taprobana (Wet-season form)
.198
Appias Latifasciata 199
3, 3a, (^ 36, $

.166

.

la,

1,

2,

$,16, S,\c, 9,2cJ,2a, ?.

Delias Horsfieldii

(J

poides [Dry -season form)

Delias

?.

e,

Fig.

Fig.
(?

Appias Hip-

Plate 541.

162

Plate 529.
Fig. 1,1a,

?.

c,

Appias
poides (Intermediate form)

1,'^, e,

Fig. 1, larva

16,

(J,

poides {Wet-season form)

Plate 527.

2,

la,

1,

2,

171
178

la, S, 16, ?,
Hnphina Coronis

2a,

d, S,\e, ?.
Wet-season form)
Huphina CoronisIc,

(

(^,26, ?
{Dry-season form)
.

.

.

.

207

209

Plate 544.

Plate 533.

Fig.

Fig. 1,

la, (?, 16,
, 26,
2, 2a,
rete

^

f,

c,

?. Piccarda Hierte
Piccarda Meta?

178

.

la, cJ, 16,
?. Huphina Copia

{Wet-season form).
211
Huphina Copia {DryIc, d, (^,le, ?
season form)
.211
'2b, $. Huphina Lichenosa
212
2, 2a, 1^
1,

.

,

.

.

.

.

181

.

,

Plate 534.
Fig. 1, larva

?

.

and pupa ;

la,

^, \c,\d,

6,

Piccarda Eucharis

.

Plate 545.

,175

.

Fig.

1,1a,

c?, 16,

Huphina

?.

$. Huphina
(Wet-season form)

2 2a, cj,

Plate 535.

26,

.

Fig. 1, la, (J, 16,
tina

Piccarda

?.

c,

Agos-

2c, d,

181

2,2a, S- Piccarda Agoranis

2e,

(J,

?

Huphina

.

(Dry -season form)

.

Lea
Nadina
.

.

.

213

214

Nadina
.

.215

182

.

Plate 546.

Plate 536.
Fig.

1,

Fig.

la, c?,

16,

combesi

c,

.

.

.

.

la,

1,

.183

2a,

2,

.

(?

Huphina Anda-

?.

c?, 16,

mana

Des-

Piccarda

?.

.

,

.

?

26,

(Wet-season form)

Plate 537.
Fig. 1,

la, b,

2c,
c,

$,

CleQianthe

d,

e,

f,

?

.

Prioneris

191

d,^,2e,

?

.

.

.

.

Huphina

.

.

217

Kemba

(Dry-season form)

.
.
cJ, 36, ?. Huphina Cingala

3, 3a,

.217

Huphina Eemba

.

.218
.

219


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Vlll

Plate 549.

Plate 547.
Fig.

ln,c, d,

1,

^,

le, /,

?. Hyposcritia

Lalage [Wet-seasoti form)
Fig.

lb,

J

.

.

,

....

Hj'poscritia Lalage

mediate form')

c,

d,

e,

223

2,

2a,

Lagela

cJ,

2J,

c,

?.

.

.

.

226

.

227

Plate 550.

?. Hyposcritia

Lalage (Dry-season jorm)
Fig.

.

Fig.

la, cJ, lb,

1,

1,

•

{Liter-

Plate 548.
Fig.

la, (J, 1?), c,
?. Hyposcritia
Indra (Wet-season form)
le, f, (I, 'i, (?, If^,
Hyposcritia
?

\i\Ava. (Dry -season form)
.
.

Fig.

222

1,

la, cJ, li,
c,
?. Hyposcritia
Narendra (Wet-season forin)
.

224

Id,

225

li7i

Hyposcritia

e,

c?,

l/>

?)

.

229

Hyposcritia

.229
Narendra (Dri/ -season form)
Hyposcritia Narendra
'', J.
(?>
.229
(Extreme-Dry form)
.

?

.

.


LEPIDOPTEKA INDIGA.
PAPILIOXINiE

Sub-family

{continued).

Genus ZETIDES.
Moore, L3p. of Ceylon,

Zdideit, Hlibnev, Verz. bek. Schmett-.. p. 83 (1816).

Allen's Nat. Hist. Butt.

p.

ii.

i.

p.

Hi

Kiiby,

(1881).

277 (1896).

Papilio (part), Doubletlay and Hewitson.
Pafhi/sa (part), Eeakirt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Papilio

(sect. 27, subs^^ct. c, d, e), Felder,

Papilio (group 3G,

pt. et 37),

—Male.

Imago.

one-third between the

Verb. Z. B. Ges. Wien. pp. 305, 350 (1861).

margin scalloped (and

in

abdominal margin folded over
Sexes

pp. 429, 446 (189-5).

Bodi/ woolly

;

;

;

cell

;

of cell

broad,

some

costa arched, exterior margin

long and broad;

;

first

subcostal branch

second branch at

to the costal,

upper

discocellulars slightly oblique,

and

short,

\Yith a

slightly

produced

hindward

short blunt or slightly spatular

when open displaying a

antenna comparatively

tail)

;

;

longitudinal dense woolly

short, club short

and spatular.

alike.

Larva.
size,

ii.

and anastomosed

and end

first

Hiiidwing triangular,

scent organ.

503 (1861).

Foreioing elongatedly triangular

at one-sixth, before end of the cell

exterior

p.

Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

concave in tbe middle, slightly sinuous

longest.

iii.

— Smooth;

anterior segments from the head to the

and then gradually tapering to the end

;

fifth

increasing in

a pair of short pointed spines on

the second and anal segment, and a pair of short nodular spines on the fourth

segment.

PoPA.

— Broad

anteriorly;

thorax

with a dorsal forward-projecting

frontal

process.

Type.

— Z. Eurypylus.
ZETIDES JASON

(Plate .167,

Papilio Jason, Linnasus, Syst. Nat, ed.
Ulr.

p.

210

(176-1).

Soc. Bengal, 1899,

VOL. VI.

p.

x.

fig. 1,

p.

larva a.nd

485 (1758)

Esper, Ausl. S.-.hmett.

pl.

58,

;

jmpa ;

la, b,

id. ed. xii. p.

fig.

5,

S

^,

Ic

?).

752 (1767);

(1796).

id.

224.

January 2ard, 1903.

Mus. Liul.

de Niccville, Journ. As.

B


LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

2

Fapllio Eurypylus Jason, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

p.

432 (1895).

Fapilio Telephus, Felder, Verh. Z. B. Ges. Wien. 1864, p. 305; id. Reise NoTara Lep.

Davidson and Aitken, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1896,
Zetidec.

Tehphus, Moore, Lep. Ceylon,

i.

p.

144, pi. 63,

fig.

3,

Pajn/io Doson, Felder, Verh. Z. B. Ges. Wien. 1864, p. 305.
pi.

E,

fig. 2,

2a,

?

64 (1SG5).

(1881).

Davidson and Aitken,

i.

p.

145,

pi.

61,

fig. 3,

^

Papilio {Zetides) Dosmi, Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Berg. 1888,

—Male.

p.

I.e.

1890,

p.

364,

larva and pupa.

Zetides Boson, Moore, Lop. of Ceylon,

Imago.

i.

578.

p.

Upperside black.

(1881).
p.

364.

Ferguson,

ih.

1891, p. 446.

Forewing with three pale emerald-green

slender streaks crossing inner-lialf of the

cell,

the

being brokenly continued

first

below base of tbe

cell,

followed by a lobate outwardly-oblique spot and then a

smaller

spot

in

triangiilar

the

outer half;

beyond

a transverse inner-discal

is

macular band composed of eight spots, the upper four small, the four lower larger
and increasing in size, followed by a submarginal row of nine small quadrate spots,
the upper second and third being placed opposite each other in the lower subcostal
Hindioinr/ with a pale emerald-green transverse subbasal posteriorly-

interspace.

decreasing band, the upper portion of which

row

is

white, followed by a submarginal

of six small spots, quadrate in shape except the upper third,

which

lunate

is

abdominal margin folded over, fringed with fine greyish-white hairs, the fold

when

opened exposing a whitish longitudinal broad streak bordering the submedian vein,

and containing a dense

of long ochreous hairs.

jDatch

Cilia

slenderly alternated

with white between the veins, those between the upper median and sub-median
being also slightly inwardly-edged by a white lunule, and at the anal angle by a

Underside brown

white spot.
tint,

markings, as above, of a bright or dull nacreous

;

the cell-streaks and submarginal spots being larger.

lower portions of the discal band bluish-tinted.

Forewing with the two

Hindicing with a similar coloured

slender basal band and a shorter inner subbasal band extending from the costa

to

and joining the upper angle of the cell-portion of the broad band, the dark interspace having a short crimson streak above the costal vein an apical cell-spot and a
;

lower discal row of black spots outwardly bordered with crimson, extending to anal
angle, the crimson colour also ascending partly up the inner edge of the sub-median
vein.

band being slightly
narrower on the hindwing and with a white longitudinal streak on abdominal
palpi,
Body greyish-black collar and front greyish-white streaked
margin.
thorax, and abdomen beneath, lateral baud, and femora beneath greyish-white
Female.

Upper and underside

as in the male; the discal

;

;

antennte black.

Expanse, 2f to Z^ inches.
L.^EVA.
" Smooth ; anterior segments from the head to

—

fifth

increasing in size

and then decreasing more gradually to the end; second and anal segment with a


PAPILIONIN^.

3

pair of sliort pointed spines, and also a dorsal pair of short bluut nodular spines

— each

by a black ring

encircled at the base

— on

Colour

the fourth segment.

generally black, or smoky, until the last moult, and then dull green, inclining to

rusty-brown on the sides
Pupa. — " Broad

;

some remain quite black

anteriorly

;

to the end."

thorax with a dorsal forward-projecting frontal

Colour normally green, but varies with that of the object to which
"
attached
(Davidson and Aitken, I.e.).

process.

Habitat.

— Ceylon

;

end of the year

is

South India.

DiSTBiBUTiON, Habits, etc.
at the

it

— " Very abundant

in the north

in

Ceylon, in July, August, and

and eastern portions

in the

low country.

On

November

16th, 1898, on the first day of the anniial flight, Dr. N. Manders noted
nearly all the numei'ous
was migrating in large numbers at Colombo
specimens he captured were in more or less tattered condition though freshly
emerged, showing that they had flown a considerable distance they probably came
from the dry district of Hambantota on the south-eastern side of the island" (L. de
" The larva feeds on Ihiona Lawii and on
Niceville, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1899, 224).
Saccopetahim tomentositvi, Order Anonaceae " {id. I.e. 1900, 257). Mr. F. M. Mack-

that

it

;

;

wood obtained
Capt.

it

Wade found

in
it

the " low country, and principally in the northern province.

common

in

Kandy, and

Galle.

eastern province, in forest ground, in August.
sits

in

crowds on wet places

;

Capt. Hutchison took

it

in the

Also on the Trincomali road.

It

my

net.

have covered forty or

fifty

at

once with

Very rare elsewhere" (Lep. Ceylon, i. pp. 144', 145). In South India "this species
may be found in the Kanara district of Bombay, wherever Paj:). Teredon occurs in
this district, though it does not occur further north.
It is quite a thirsty creature,
and usually contributes to the crowd that collects about moist ground in open
places in the forest, but it is scarcely so numerous as Teredon,
We have met with
the
three specimens of this butterfly in which
green of the upperside was replaced
by a pale straw yellow. We found the larva of this butterfly at Karwar, in June
and July, feeding on two trees of the Order Anonacese, along with the larva of Fap.
Nomius and Agamemnon. Some remained in the pupa state for nearly two months.
At first sight the larva is very like that of P. Agamemnon, but the second pair of
spines is entirely wanting, and the third pair is reduced to mere knobs, encircled by
a black ring the colour is generally black, or smoky, until the last moult, and then

dull green, inclining to rusty-brown on the sides; but some of our specimens
remained quite black to the end. The pupa has the frontal process straight, but
;

directed forward
to which

it

is

;

its

colour

attached;

is

normally green, but varies with that of the object

one, attached to white cloth,

was almost pure white"

Davidson and E. H. Aitken, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1890, 364, id. 1896, 578).
The late Mr. S. N. Ward obtained it in " Malabar and Kanara, above and below the
(J.

B 2


LEPIDOPTERA INBICA.

4
Gbats.

The larva

Hampson
elevation"

records
(J.

Also taken on tbe Nilgiris " (MS. Xotes).

bred.

as " rather rare on the Nilgiris, from

it

Mr. H.

As. Sic. Bengal, 1888,364).

common in Travancore; found only on

(J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1891, 446).

the

to 6,000

Ferguson says

S.

from

Hills

1,000

Mr. G. F.

2,000

"not
upwards"

it

feet

feet

is

Of our illustrations on Plate 467, fig. 1 is from Mr. "Ward's Malabar drawing
the larva and pupa, and figs, la, b, c from Ceylon, male and female.

ZETIDES AXION

(Plate iG^,

Una uMpnpa;

fig. 1,

le

?

Mooro, P. Z.

S.

^

la, b, c, d,

Fajnlio Axion, Felder, Yerh. Z. B. Ges. Wien. 186-i, pp. 305, 3o0.

,

of

).

1S78,

p.

697.

Zetides Axion, Moore, P. Z. H. 1882, p. 2.57.

Papilio (Zetides) Axion, Doberty, Journ. As. See. Bengal, 1886,
Pajnlio Ewrypylus Axion, Rotbscbild, Nov. Zool.

1902,

p.

Frubstorfer, Berl. Eat. Zoit.

pp. 433, 50-4 (1895).

ii.

204.

Zetides Ewijpylus, Hiibner,

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1893,

p.

Samml. Exot. Scbmett.

]\rus.

E.

p. 126.

C.

I.

Wood-Mason, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

107,

fig.

p. 113, pi. 12,

I.

(1880),

p.

238

Obertbur, Ec. Ent. xvii.

id. J.

Tijd. V. Ent. 1876, p. 155

4 (1893).

p.

;

id.

1888,

347,

p.

Staudmger, Ex. Submett.

66 (1865).

p.

de Niceville, Sikkim Gaz.

p. 9

i.

Moore, P. Z.

pi. 8, fig. 1-3,

(1884).

Papilio Doson, Rotbney, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1882,

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1885,

p.

id. Iris.

p.

396,

de Niceville,

33.

Honratb, Bjrl. Ent. Zeit.

10,

pi.

J.

tig.

ii.

p.

25 (1892).

2.

As. Soc. Beng. 1885,

fig.

Weymer,

109 (1885).

p.

51.

Holland, Tr. Amer. Eut. Soc. 1887, p. 122.

Hagon,

Stett.

Ent. Zeit. 1885,

Beil. Ent. Zeit.

1892, p. 155

;

1894, p. 28.

Papilio (Zetideb) TeJephus, Elwes and de Niceville, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1886,
Paidlio Jason, var. Telephus, Staudinger,

Iiis,

p.

120.

Butler,

Papilio Eurypylus Axion, aber. Acheron, Rotbscbild, Nov. Zool.
Pai-ilio ilecisle'is, Distant,

Ebop.

ilalay. p. 361,

fig.

IDS

ib.
ii.

18

-SS,

437.

p.

342.

pp. 434, 504 (1895).

(18S'5).

Papilio Eurypylus Acheron et Cheronus, Frubstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1902,

—Male.

p.

1889, p. 16.

Papilio Acheron, Moore, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1885,

Imago.

Piepers,

p. 342.

Papilio Tdephn.", Distant, Ebop. Malay, p. 361,
p. 273.

lana.

S. 186;5, p. 757.

Snellen, Mid. Sumatra,

Papilio Jason, var. Evemonides, Honratb, Berl. Eiit. Zeit. 1884,

Butler,

Elwes, Tr. Ent.

Eobbe, Ann. Soc.

p. 53.

As. Soc. Beng. 1895, p. 525.

Papilio Jason, Wallace, Tr. Linn. Soc. xxv.

1884, p. 396.

and pupa

10a, larva

(1881), p. 253.

ib.

;

10,

fii;.

Papilio (Zetides) Eurypylus, Wood-'Mason, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1886, p. 375.

1894, p. 174,

Swinboe, Tr.

2 (1802 26).

1,

Watson, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1891,

Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 435.

Ent. Belg. 1892,

pi.

ii.

314.

Papilio Eurijpylus, Moore, Catal. Lep.
(1857).

136.

p.

Upperside similar to Z. Jason.

p.

203-4.

Foren-ing with the pale emerald-

green cell-streaks and lower basal streak broader, the discal transverse macular

baud composed of larger and longer posterior portions, and the submarginal spots
Hindwing with the transverse band also broader, the subbasal short
also larger.
wliite costal-streak of the underside being

more or

less apparent, or frequently well-

PAPILIONIN^.
and

defined,

is

S

then joined to the upper angle of the

cell

portion of the

snbmarginal spots also larger; abdominal margin fringed with long

band

;

the

fine greyish-

white hairs, the fold when open displaying a longitudinal broad whitish streak,

bordering the submedian, containing a patch of

fine

brown, with similar markings of a bright or dull nacreous
submarginal spots being

much

spots sometimes united.

larger.

If.lncliving

Underside

long ochreous hairs.

the cell-streaks and

tint,

Forewing with the pair of upper submarginal
with the white subbasal costal streak either

disconnected or united to the upper angle of the

portion of the band, and the

cell

black of the apical cell-spot occasionally extending inward below the base of the

lower subcostal veinlet, and occasionally there are two black apical cells-spots
divided by the crimson lunule, the outer one being small; the crimson outer discal

more

lunules are

Female.

intense.

—Upperside with

narrower than in male.

the cell streaks, and transverse band on both wings

JUnclwinq with the subbasal costal streak ill-defined, the

Underside with similar larger

abdominal border with a longitudinal whitish band.

and submarginal spots as in male, the transverse band on both wings as
on uppei'side, the abdominal margin with a longitudinal white band.
Expanse, c? 3 to SJ, ? 3^ to
inches.

cell-streaks

^

Larva and ParA.

—N.

— Similar to Z. Jason.

(See Plate 468.)

Lower and Eastern
and Eastern India; Sikkira
Teuasserira
Malay Peninsula;
Bengal; Assam; Burma; Shan States; Siam
Andamans Sumati'a Nias Banka; Billiton; Java; Borneo; Balabac Palawan;
Habitat.

AYestern

;

;

;

;

Hainan

;

;

;

Tonkin.

—Mr.

Dolierty records " one male, taken
at 5,000 feet elevation " (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1886, 136).

DiSTKiDUTiON,

Kumaon,
Hocking took

E.

found

;

it

it

ETC.

in

"common

Soc. 1888, 485).

the
in the

W.

Kangra

District (P. Z. S. 1882, 257).

at

A-skot,

Mr.

Mr. H.

J.

J.

H.

Elwes

low valleys of Sikkim from

It also occurs in Bhotan.

Col. C.

Api*il to October" (Tr. Ent.
Swinhoe has received " several

examples from the Khasia Hills " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 314). Mr. J. Wood-Mason
obtained " eleven males and one female in the forests ai'ound Silcuri, Cachar, from
May 6th to August 8th " (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1888, 375). Dr. G. Watt took it near

Mauipur (Ann. Nat. Hist. 1885, 342). Mr. L. de Niceville says it " appears in
Calcutta in March, and specimens may be met with throughout the summer, but the
The larva feeds on the young leaves of Folijalthia
spring brood is the largest.
longifolia"

(J.

uncommon

in

Plumini

"

As.

Soc.

Beng.

1885,

Barrackpur, near Calcutta.

(Ent. Mo. Mag. 1882, 33).

Mr.

51).

J.

Rothney found

it

"rather

frequents the flowers of Durantia
Mr. A. Grote found the " larva, in Calcutta,
It

feeding on Michelia Champa and. Uvaria longifolia" (MS. Notes). Mr. W. C. Taylor
records it as " not very common at Kliorda, in Orissa " (List, p. 16). Col. C. H. E.


;

LEPIDOFTEBA INDIOA.

6

says " males are very

Adamson

common throughout Burma.

From

April to October
"

they frequent beds of streams, flying up and down the same with great rapidity

Burm. Butt. 1897, 49). Lieut. E. Y. Watson found it "common at
Beeling
Bombay, N. H. S. 1888, 26). " A single specimen was taken at Tilin
in February, and another at Choungkwa in May" (/tZ. I.e. 1891, 54).
It was found
(List,

of

" (J.

" not

uncommon

at the foot of the

1890, 6).

Mr. H.

Ponsekai and the
obtained

at

it

Hills,

"Port

J.

May

Hills, in

"

{id.

1897, 672).

I.e.

from " Chin Lushai, March and Lamtok in April "
Blwes records "numerous males, but no females, from

Mr. de Niceville also records
{I.e.

K. Chin

it

;

Tavoy "

Blair, S.

(J.

As. Soc. Beng. 1886, 437).

Andamans

Mr. F. de Roepstorff

" (P. Z. S. 1877, 593, J. As. Soc.

Beug.

1880, 238).

Of our

illustrations

Calcutta drawings

on Plate 468,

larva and jyupa, are from Mr. A. Grote's

from Sikkim males

figs. 1, a, b,

;

fig. 1,

fig. 3,

;

a Sikkim male

;

Id,

from

the male type of Acheron, and le, from a Calcutta female.

ZETIDES CHIRON

'

(Plate 469,

f5g. 1,

la

p.

c,

Staudinger, £xot. Schmett.

397.

Papilio Bathydes, var. Chiron, Elwes. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888,
Papilio Bathydes Chiron, Kothscliild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

p.

438 (1895).

p.

?

).

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,

Pajnlio Cliiron, "Wallace, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 66 (1865).

Honrath, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1884,

lb,

c?..

p. 9

i.

p. 757.

(ISSi).

436.
Berl.

Fruhstorfer,

Ent.

Zeit.

1903, p. 207.

Papilio Bathydes, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.
p. 343.

I.

Manders, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1890,

C.
p.

i.

p.

114 (1857).

Inn. Nat.

Butler,

Hist. 1885,

536.

Zetides Bathydes, Swinhoe, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 314.

Papilio {Zetides) Bathydes, de Niceville, Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, p. 175.

Papilio Cliiron, var. Chironides, Honrath, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1884,
Deuts. Ent.

Imago.

1901, p.

Zeifc.

— Male.

cell,

;

ih. Berl.

LTpperside black.

streaks and a small spot at

the

34G

its

397,

p.

pi.

10,

fig. 4.

Eruhstorfer,

Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 207.

Forewing with four pale emerald-green

cell-

end, a smaller less-apparent streak also below base of

a transverse inner-discal oblique macular

band

of eight spots, the

upper

three being small, the lower five increasing postei'iorly in size and length, followed

by a submarginal row

of small mostly quadrate spots.

Cilia black.

Hindicing with

a pale emerald-green transverse subbasal posteriorly-decreasing band,

broadly intersected by black-bordered veins, the

sometimes there
interspace

margin

;

is

two costal

also a dot or a very small contiguous spot in the

beyond

is

a submarginal

Cilial

lunules

is

upper median

row of mostly-quadrate spots

broadly white, the scent-organ absent.

which

being white

^^ortions

;

abdominal

slenderly

white.

Underside sepia-brown, with similar markings, as on uppcrside, of a bright nacreous
tint,

the cell-streaks and submarginal spots being

much

larger.

Foreiving with the


7

PAPILIONINJE.
apical

markiugs

flusTied

Hlndnnng

olivaceous-oclareous.

-with

witli

basal

tlie

markings flushed witli olivescent-yellow, in some a very small bright ochreousyellow spot is present between the two costal portions ; a lower-discal row of bright
ochreous-yellow spots
spotted with white

beneath, and palpi white

;

Expanse,

c?

— Sikkim

similar to the male.

Assam; Burma; Shan

;

— The

is

W.

Mr.

late

S.

Sikkim and the Khasias

States

;

Annam

Atkinson notes that

Tonkin.

;

species

this
J.

We

have never seen a female" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 18S8, 436).

I

Ramsay

specimens from Nepal, taken by Gen. G.

from Sikkim

;

"not

is

Elwes says " the
elevation, from April to

Mr. H.

(MS. Notes).

''

not uncommon, in Sikkim, at from 2,000 to 3,000 feet

October; but

thorax

;

3 to 3|- inches; ? 3^ inches.

Distribution.-

male

stripe

antenna black.

legs black above, white beneath;

Upper and underside

in

abdomen above

;

with a lateral longitudinal brown

Female.

uncommon

of thorax black,

sides of thorax clotlied with fine grey hairs

;

gi'eyish-browD, beneath white

Habitat.

Head and front

abdominal border white.

;

possess

the Shan States,

;

Siam, taken by Mr. J. Roberts, C.E., and also from Tavoy. Col. C. Swinhoe records
" many examples, from the Khasia Hills " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 314). Col. C. H. E.
Adamson says " this insect is by no means common in Burma I have taken it in
;

Bhamo

Tenasserim and near

" (List, 1897, 49).

Capt. B. Y.

specimens obtained at the foot of the North Chin

N. H.

" three

Watson records

May

in

Hills,

"

Bombay

(J.

S. 1897, 672).

AGAMEMNON

ZETIDES
Fajpilio

Agamemnon,

Lud. Ulr.
Schmett.

192,

p.

pi.

Esper, Ausl. Schmett.
(1798).
p.

14

larva a.nipupa, la,

p.

fig.

1,

183,

larva and

P. Z. S. 1865, p. 757.

46,

pi.
i.

Gray, Catal. Lep. B.

pi. 3, fig. 9, 9a,

pupa

Romer, Gen.

2 (1788).

i.

p.

p.

108.

Butler, Tr. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1877, p. 552.

841.

Wood-Mason, Journ. As.

p.

18.

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1885,
Nat. Hist. 1887,

p. 363.

p.

274.

p.

Ent. 1888, p. 341,

Staudinger, Iris,

ii.

p.

pi.

p.

i.

p.

9,

pi.


7, fig.

p.

Moore, P. Z.

265,

3 (1789).

fig.

pi. 2,

p.

L

C.

fig. 4,

114,

Moore,

67 (1865).

1877, p. 592,

S.
I.e.

p.

i.

Druce, P. Z. S. 1874,

698.

1878,

id.

1881, pp. 237, 253; id.
4a, b, Jarva

Kheil, Rhop. Nias,

(1884).

1-1 , larva a.nA pupa.

13,

2

p.

fig.

Holland, Trans. Amer. Eiit. Soc. 1887, p. 122.

16 (1889).

pi.

Ins. of China, pi. 27,

Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.

p.

Mus.

i.

Donovan,

Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 363, pi. 32,

343.

and pupa,

37 (1884).
7 (1885)

;

Butler,
id.

Ann.

Piepers, TijJ. v.

Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888,

p.

437.

Davidson and Aitken, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890,

Hagen, Deuts. Ent. Zeit. 1891,

25 (1892).

6

id.

;

Jablonsky and Herbst, Nat.

Soc. Bengal, 1880, p. 238, id.

Dewitz, Nov. Acta Ac. Nat. 1882,

?)•

748 (1767)

Ins. Linn. p. 68,

Wallace, Trans. Linn. Soc. xsv.

(1857).

Ic,

fig.

27 (1852).

p.

1882,

S,

id. ed. xii. p.

Semper, Verb. Z. B. Ges. Wien. (1867),

Staudinger, Exot. Schmett.

b,

Doiibleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.

3 (1796).

1,

230 (1836).

p.

M.

fig.

;

455 (1775).

Syst. Ent. p.

Fabricius,

48,

Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lep.

(1.846).

fig. 1,

Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 462 (1758)

202 (1764).

p.

iii.

(Plate 470,

Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

p.
p.

155

;

ih. Iris,

447 (1895).

1894, p. 28.

Snelling, Mid. Sumatra,

ii.

Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 217.


LEPIBOPTEHA INDICA.

8
IpJticlides

Aeriiaula

Agamemnon, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 82 (1816).
Agamemnon, Berge, Schmett. p. 108, pi. 34, fig. 5 (1842).

Zetldes Aijamemiwn, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon,

p.

i.

p.

145,

Swinhoe, P. Z.

Linn. See. Zool. 1886, p. 50.

63,

pi.

S.

J', 2a,

fig. 2,

p. 14-5

188.5,

lan-a (1881).

id.

Journ.

id. Tr. Eut. See. LonJ. 1893,

314.

Papilio (Zeiides) Agamemnon, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886,
p.

;

375; Elwes,

ib.

Soc. 1891, p. 446.

1886,

Hampson,

437.

p.

1888, p. 364.

ih.

de Nicevilie, Sikkim Gaz. 1894,

175;

p.

p.

WooJ-Mason,

136.

Ferguson,
id.

ib.

Journ. Bombay

1886,
iS'.

H.

Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1895,

p. 527.

Papilio Agamemnon, var. Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. 1894,
Papilio Agamemnon,
Papilio Agamemnon,

var. nifescens, Oberthiir,

Papilio Agamemnon, subsp. riifoplemtf:, Fruhitorfer,
pi. 13, fig.

Papilio yEgislus, Cramer, Pap. Exot.

— Male.

ii.

Bei'l.

58 (1879).

iv. p.

var. decoratus, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

Papilio Dorijlas, Sulzer, Gesch. Ins.

Imago.

p, 71, pi. 3. fig. 3.

Etud. Ent.

ii.

p.

452 (1895).

Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 310.

3 (1776).

p. 15, pi.

106,

fig.

Uppersicle olivescent-black.

C,

D

(1776).

Forewing with a bright ohve-green

transverse basal stripe, a stripe crossing base of the

cell,

three equidistant short

and a short one before the apex, two small spots beyond end
of the cell, an oblique discal series of seven spots, the upper two small, the second

outwardly placed, the others gradually increasing in size, followed below by three
pairs across its middle

outwardly-oblique spots and a parallel subbasal stripe cut by the submedian vein

beyond

is

a submarginal

green basal

stripe,

row of nine small

spots.

;

Elndvjlrnj with a bright olive-

a subbasal broken stripe extending broadly from the costa and

obliquely narrower across the

cell,

and thence inwardly within the lower median

by a transverse discal carved series of six spots decreasing in
size posteriorly, the upper or costal spot being large and white, and then a subm.arginal row of irregularly-lunate spots, the foui' lower being narrow and the upper

interspace, followed

one white; abdominal fold greyish-white, sometimes greenish, when open displaying
Underside
Cilia slenderly greyish-w-hite.
a greyish-ochreous woolly scent patch.
pale purplish-brown, clouded with dark olive-brown patches.

Foreiciiig

with the

olive-green markings as on upperside, but less prominent, the submarginal more or
less

obscured by brown scales, those in the lower median and submedian interspaces

almost white-scaled, and the discal spots have their exterior portion densely covered
with white scales.

Hi ud tri n g

\\\t\i

similav disposed

markings as on upperside, the

—from

the costal to parti}' across the

basal and the upper part of subbasal stripe
cell

—being

olive-green, the lower portiou of the latter, the lower four discal spots,

and the submarginal spots being obscured by brown scales the fifth discal spot is
small, round, and very pale green, the upper discal or costal spot is broad and either
;

greyish-white or pinkish-white, both these latter being inwardly margined with a

pink-bordered black lunule
I'eddish spot,

;

a

small black spot above anal angle preceded by a

both being bordered with greyish or black scales.

Tails of males


'

PAPILtONIN^.
variable

Body above
and thorax laterally margined

females slightly spatulate.

lenotL, frequently short, of

in

9

abdomen brown collar
a red hairy spot behind
with olive-green hairs and the abdomen with grey scales
body beneath pinkish-grey legs above
the eyes
palpi white, tipt with red hairs
olivescent-black, the sides of

;

;

blackish, beneath greyish

antennae black.

;

Hindiving with a whitish or greenish

Upperside similar to the male.

Female.

abdominal

;

;

;

Underside similar to the male.

stripe.

Expanse,

3^ to 4 inches.

3 to 4, ?

c?

Larva. — " Smooth.

segments increase

From

the head, which

is

moderately large, the anterior

in thickness to the fourth or fifth

and then gradually decrease to

the tail; there are four pairs of spines, one pair on the second segment, another pair

on the fourth, the

latter rather long, curved,

and a pair on the anal segment.
becomes a

light, clear green, faintly

Pdpa. — " Smooth

above the head
broadly

Colour at

tipt

it

;

is

and sharp, a short pair on the third,
smoky-black, but at the last moult

first

marked with wavy

lines of a darker shade."

and regular, with a pointed process rising from the thorax
normally of a pale watery-green, the frontal process being

with rusty-brown, which continues in an irregular line along the outside

edge of the wing-cases " (Davidson and Aitken,

Habitat.

—

IN;

.W. and E. and

S.

India

;

I.e.

Ceylon

1890, 363).
;

Andaman and Nicobar

Isles

;

Tonkin; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Nias Java;
Siam
;

Borneo; Natuna; Palawan; Philippines; Hainan.
Habits of Larva and Imago. " The larva? are extremely shy and cautious,

Enrma; Tenasserim

;

;

—

resting motionless most of the day on the upperside of a leaf, along the midrib, with

The

their heads towards the stalk.

leaf

on which they rest

is

usually carpeted with

They feed on the Custard-Apple (Anoim
nqaamosa), the RamphuU {A)iona reticulata), and others of the genus, and also on
It is often diflBcult to find, and must be looked
the 'Ashok' {Gualteria longifoUa).
The season is from

for on the less exposed leaves of trees in quiet, shady places.
July till November.
We do not remember having found it at any other time. The
butterfly is pretty common everywhere in the North Kanara District of Bomba}^,
In the former the larv« feeds chiefly on the
frequenting gardens and forests.
several trees of the same Order.
the
latter
on
The larvaj
Custard-Apple, and in
appear in June, and again more abundantly three months later, at which time the
butterfly is most common, but it may be met with every month of the year" (Davidand grow

silk; they eat little
'

'

son and Aitken,
plants

of

the

slowly.

I.e.

1890, 363 ; id. 1896, 578). Mr. de Niceville records the foodas " JJnona disculor, Folijalthia longifoUa, Anona squamosa,

larva,

A. reticulata, and Saccopetaliim. tomentosum,

all

of the Order Anonacefe " (J. As. Soc.

Beng. 1900, 257).
DisTEiBUTioN, Habtts, ETC.
VOL. VI.

—In

N. Western India, Mr.

W. Doherty

obtained

it


LEPIBOPTERA INDICA.

10

in tlie

"Lower

Scarce"

Gori, Kuraaon, at 2,500 feet elevation.

(J.

As. Soc. Beng.

We

possess specimens from Nepal, taken by the late Gen. G. Ramsay.
j\Jr. H. J. Elwes found it " common in Sikkim up to 3,000 feet elevation, from April
Mr. L. de Niceville says it is " common
to December" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 437).

1886, 136).

Sikkim at low elevations throughout the year" (Sikkim Gaz. 1894, 175).
Mr. J. "Wood-lMason records " ten males and three females, taken in forests around

in

Cachar, from

Silcuri,

12th to August oth "

May

As. Soc. Beng. 1886, 375).

(J.

Swiuhoe records it from the " Khasia Hills" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 314). In
Southern India it was obtained by Mr. S. N. Ward, in " Malabar and Kanara, above
and below the Ghiits, and in the Nilgiris" (MS. Xotes). Messrs. J. Davidson and
B. H. Aitken obtained the larv£e and butterfly in the N. Kanara District of Bombay,
Col. C.

the larvEe appearing in June, and again more abundantly three months later, at which
"
time the butterfly is most common, but it may be met with every mouth of the year

Mr. G. F. Hampson obtained it on the " Xilgiris,
from 1,000 to 7,000 feet elevation" (J. A. Soc. Beng. 1888, 364). It is "very
common in the low country and hills of Travaucore" (H. S. Ferguson, J. Bombay
(J.

Bombay N. H.

S. 1896, 578).

Watson records it as "the commonest butterfly
In Ceylon the
in Madras, from March to August" (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1890, 268).

Mr. F. M.
larva is stated, by Dr. Thwaites, to feed on Magnoliacese and Anonace*.
jST.

H.

Lieut. E. Y.

1891, 446).

S.

the butterfly in fair numbers, both in low country and above 4,000

Mackwood fouud
Cinnamon"

(Lep. Ceylon,

fcecjuently very

and

districts,

Meldola obtained
Port Blair,

S.

i.

abundant

is

The larva feeding on Soursop {Anona) and
Dr. JST. Manders says it is " usually common and

through the year.

feet elevation, all

145).

in

Ceylon, especially in the low country and lower

given to migrating"
it

in "

Andamans

As. Soc. Beng. 1899, 224),

(J.

Kamorta, Nicobars,
" (P.

in April,

Z. S. 1877, 592).

In

Prof. R.

and Mr. F. de Roepstorff at

Burma

it is

found " throughout

It frequents gardens,

the country, except in the central Plains.

hill

and the larva

is

Mr. 0. Limborg obtained

it
H. E. Adamson,
on the road from " Moulmein to Meetan Hatseiga; and Houngduran Source"
Signer L. Fea took it at " Shwegoomyo in October, and at
(P. Z. S. 1878, 841).

easily

found"

List, 1897, 49).

(Col. C.

;

Bhamo

in

specimen

Bombay

November" (MS.

Note).

Capt,

Y.

Watson obtained "a

single

the N. Chin Hills, at 3,500 feet elevation, in the rainy season " (J.
N. H. S. 1897, 672). Mr. H. J. Elwes records " a few males from Ponsekai,
in

Tavoy, and the Hills on the Siam frontier"

Anderson obtained

it

in

Island in January, and on
50).

E.

"Mergui

As. Soc. Beng. 1886, 437).

December, Zediwon

Elphinstone Island in

Dr. L. Martin writes, " It

everywhere in the plains

in

(J.

March"

Dr.

J.

in

December, on Sullivan

(J.

Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886,

common, in N.E. Sumatra, throughout the
where Anona nmricata and Michelia cliampaca, the
is

plants of the larva?, are found, and frequents the flowers of the Lantana,

year,
food-

etc., in


—

—

—

——

—

—
;

PAPILIONIKJE.

As

gardens and near houses.

the butterfly

11

found also

is

in

some wild

forest,

tlie

species of Anonacese or an allied plant for the larva to feed on must grow there.

The full-fed larva exists in two varieties, a bright transparent shining green form,
and a yellow form, both having on the first three segments (omitting the head) a
After fifteen days

horny tubercle with orange base on each side of each segment.

The female butterfly prefers young low plants
her eggs, as on young newly-planted bushes four or

the imago emerges from the pupa.
of the

Anona on which

to lay

found together "

five caterpillars are often

Species. — Zetides

Indo-Malayan

305;

Ges. Wien. 1864, p.

id.

Habitat.

S.

Japan.

Zetides

S. 1837, p. 406, pi. 35, fig. 1, ?

Schmett.

p.

i.

pi.

9,

6,


p.

177

Evemon

sidjsp.

Igneolus, Frust. Soc

p. 13, pi. 6, fig. 1, 2,

c?

Tonkin.— Zetides

Habitat.

Ent. 1901, p. 90.

Rothschild,

(1888).

Habitat.

1887, p. 433
p. 436.

I.e.

—Zetides Leechi (Pap. Leechi, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.
Bathycles,

P.

Leech,

Butt,

7,

S

of

China,

etc.,

p.

Gueriu, in Belanger's Voy. Zool. p. 505,

.

Gen. Lep.

i.

p.

Rothschild,

232.

I.e.

p.

525.

p.

437.

id.

;

ii.

Habitat.

(1895).

China.

Zetides

157,

pi.

la (1834).

pi. 5, fig. 1,

Java.

Habitat.

p.

3

(1884)-.

Semper, Phil. Tagfalt,

P. Bathycles, Distant, Rhop. Malay,

Sumatra; Borneo;

Peninsula;
Spec.

Gen. Lep.

(1885).
pi.

12,

Palawan.

p.

i.

Rothschild,
fig.

D

I.e.

(1865).

p.

Habitat.

362,

Palawan.

23 (1836).
446.

p.

p.

283 (1892).

pi. 32, fig. 2,

14, figs. 6,

Boisd. Spec.

Zetides Bathydoides

Zetides

p. 345.

I.e.

pi. 10,

438.

p.

Malay

Habitat.

(18S5).

Aryeles (Pap. Arycles, Boisd.

Distant, Rhop. Malay,

Sijn.

p.

362,

pi.

32,

Pap. Rama, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep.

Malay Peninsula

;

Sumatra

;

Java

;

i.

fig.

5,

p. 71,

Borneo

Zetides Arijcleoides (Pap. Ai^ycles subsp. Arycleoides, Fruhat. Iris, 1901,

Habitat,
pp. 344-5; id. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 220.
Arycles subsj). Sphinx, Fruhst. Iris, 1901, p. 345;

Habitat.

Rothschild,

c?

i.

N. Borneo.

437,

p.

Zetides

Nias.

Rhop. Exot.

(Pap. Bathycles var. Bathydoides, Honrath, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1884, p. 396,
fig.

436.

Igneolus (Pap.

Habitat.

Zinken, Nov. Acta Acad. N. C. 1831,

Ballujcles (Pap. Bathycles,

I.e.

234

Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent. 1901,

sithsp. albociliatus,

Frocles (Pap. Procles, Grose-Smith, Ann. N. H.

Pap.

p.

i.

Malacca; Sumatra; Java; Borneo.

Habitat.

(1884).

Evenion

435.

p.

Pap. Jason, var. Evemon, Staudinger, Exot.

Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 205.

id.. Berl.

;

I.e.

Rothschild,

32, fig. 1 (1885).

pi.

Fruhst. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 206.

Zetides albociUatus (Pap.

Butt, of China,

;

Ecemon (Pap. Evemon, Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lep.

Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 360,

(1836).

Zetides

Philippines.

Habitat.

Pap. Eurypylus Mikado, Rothschild,

6 (1893).

fig.

Pap. Eurypylus

OG (1865).

p.

i.

435 (1895).

p.

ii.

Mikado (Pap. Mikado, Leech, P. Z.
526, pi. 32,

Gordion (Papilio Gordion, Felder, Verh. Z. B.

Reise Nov. Lep.

Gordion, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

etc., p.

As. Soc. Beng. 1895, 527).

(J.

Tonkin.
Habitat.

^iam.— Zetides Sphinx
id.

B. E. Z.

(Pap.

1902, p. 220.

Zetides incertus (Pap. Arycles subs]). incertus, Fruhst. Iris, 1901j

Singapore.


LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

12

Genus DALCHINA.
DalcMna, Moore, Lep.

of Ceylon,

i.

Chlorisses* Swainson, Zool. Illustr.

Papilio

(sect. 27, subsect. a,

p.

apex

;

—Male.

b,f), Felder, Verb. Z. B. Ges. Wicn. 1861, pp. 304, 306, 349, 351.

cell

;

very long, rather narrow

and second subcostal
branch short and anastomosed to the

first

second also touching the costal close to

;

first

apes; discocellulars inwardly

its

Eindtoing triangular, produced and attenuated hindward

oblique.

oblique, exterior

cell

;

— Smooth

decreasing to the

abdominal margin long and folded, with a hairy

veinlet,

very long, narrow

Body robust, woolly
Larva.

costa short and

;

margin oblique, sinuous, and produced into a short bkint pointed

end of upper median

patch beneath
base.

429 (1895).

p.

ii.

costa slightly arched, exterior margin very long, oblique and nearly even,

branches at nearly equal distances apart,

tail at

277 (1896).

p.

Forewing elongatedly triangular, attenuated and pointed at the

posterior margin short

costal,

ii.

89 (1832-3).

pi.

Papilio (group 36, part), Itothschild, Nov. Zool.

Imago.

Kirby, Allen's Xa^. Hist. Butt.

143 (1881).

ii.

;

;

second subcostal branch very concave at the

antennal club very short aiad thick.

thickened from the second to

;

end

fifth

Sexes alike.

segment, and thence

on tbe fourth

with two short subdorsal fleshy spines

;

segment, two shorter spines on the second and third, and two on the anal segment.
Pupa.

— Conical;

thorax produced into

truncated in front;

lengthened

a

obtusely-pointed frontal process.

TrPE.

— D.

Sarpedon,

DALCHINA SARPEDON
Papilio Sarpedon, Linnasus, Syst.
Ulr. p.
fig.

(Plate 471,

iSTat.

fig. 1,

ed. x. p. 461 (1758)

196 (1764); Fabricius, Syst. Eut.

2 (1785).

pi. 5, fig. 1

p.

Thon, Nat. Scbmett.

Gesch. Ned. pp.

7,

34, pi. 7,

(1846).

Hutton, Tr. Ent. See. Lond. 1847,

(1S44).

Lucas, Chenu's Encycl. Hist. Nat. Pap.

E.

I.

C.

i.

p. 113, pi. 3, fig. 8,

larva (1857).

Z. B. Ges. Wien. 1864, pp. 304,
P. Z. S. 1865, pp. 487, 757;

(1869).
Tijd. V.
p.

814;

id.

155

Linn.

Soc.

ih.

Tr.

;

id.

p. 51.

M.

18S8,

Zool.

p.

p.

1877,

pi. 20, fig. 1

id.

346,

pi.

552.

de Niccville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, p 59.
Soc. 1888, p. 434.

Aurivillius,

De Haan, Verb.

KoUar, Hugel's Kaschmir,

1882,

242 (1869).

p.

Mus. LuJ.

id.

Lucas, Lep. Exot. p.

22 (1837).

7,

p.

257.

Oberthiir,

101.

p.

65 (1865).

2, p.

14

405

Moore,

Elwes, P. Z. S. 1881,
p.

p.

357.

Piepers,

Butler, P. Z. S. 1877,

Etud. Ent.

* Pieoccupied as Chlurism, by Stepliens, in 1829.

p.

L'Orza, Lep. Japon. p. 10

larva.

Kong. Sv. Yet. Ak. Handl. 1882,

i.

Felder, Verb.

p.

Druce, P. Z. S. 1873,
fig. 8, 9,

iv. pt.

9,

Nat.

Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus.

(1853).

Lang, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1864,

1878, p. 841;

Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B.

Ent. 1876, p.

fig.

Wallace, Tr. Linn. Soc. xxv.

350.

).

Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.

15 (1840).

fig.

6,

?

747 (1767);

156 (1831).

p.

Ic,

,

Esper, Ausl. Schmett. p. 38, pi. 8,

447 (1795).

19, pi.

p.

J

la, b,

id. ed. xii. p.

;

Zinken, Nov. Act. Ac. Nat. Cur. xv.

(1835).

pupa ;

larva a.nA

p.

20.

iv.

p.

873;

59 (1879).
ih.

Tr. Eat.

Staudinger, Exot.


—

PAPILIONIN^.
Schmett.
32,

pi.

i.

fig.

Bombay N. H.

28 (1894).

Soc.

1891,

Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

p.

Staudinger,

Iris,

Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. 1890, p. 305.

4 (1893).

p.

Distant and Pryer, Ann.

122.

p.

Hagen, Berl. Ent.

54.

p.

Oberthiir, Et. Ent. xvii.

1895, p. 526.

9 (1886).

fig.

Holland, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1887,

273.

Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 359,

Hist. 1885, p. 343.

Manders, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1890, 536.

(1889).

Journ.

p.

Ann. Nat.

Pryer, Rhop. Nipon, p. 5, pi. 1,

6 (1885).

Nat. Hist. 1887,

p.

Butler,

9 (1884).

p.

13

de

410 (1895).

Zeit.

1892,

ii.

1G5; ih.lns,

p.

Journ. As. Soc.

Niceville,

p.

Fruhstorfer, Berl. Eat.

15

Watson,
vii.

Beng.
1902,

Zeit.

p. 213.

Zeiides Sarpedon,

Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 85 (1816)

ib.

;

Samml. Ex. Schmett.

iii.

pi.

25

(1827-37).
Ghlorisses Sarpedon, Swainson, Zool. Illustr.

ii.

pi.

89 (1832).

Balcliina Sarpedon, Moore, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 257,

FapiUo {Dalchina) Sarpedon, Doherty,
p.

Elwes and de Niceville,

376.

1893,

p. 54, pi. 1, fig. 11,

Journ.

Bombay N. H.

oblique

—Male

Soc. 1898,

and female.

transverse

ih.

595,

p.

p.

ii.

pi. 9

pi.

;

W,

id.
fig.

(1775).

Swinhoe,

277.

Wood-Mason,

136.

de Niceville, Journ.

1886, p. 437.

Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894,

ib.

1886,

Bombay N. H.
p.

174.

Soc.

Mackinuon,

26a, b, pupa.

Shaw, Gjn. Zool.

Upperside black.

band composed

macular

extending from the apex

Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, p. 50.

J. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p.

melanoid var.)

c?(

Papilio Demophon, Meerburgh, Afbeeld,

Imago.

ih.

Kirby, Allen's N. H. Butt.

Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 314.

of

vi.

i.

pi.

64 (1806).

Forewing with a medial-discal
nine pale emerald-green spots,

to the posterior margin, the anterior spots

being small and

well separated, the posterior broadly widening and conjoined, the two lowest beino-

Wmdwing

with a medial-discal transverse posteriorly-taperiuo- bkiegreeu band, the broad costal portion of which is whitish beyond is a submarginal

blue-tinted.

;

medial row of four slender blue-green lunules, and usually with a more or less
obsolescent anterior and posterior grey-scaled lunule
fold in the male,

when open

displaying a hairy patch

;

;

abdominal margin grey, the

cilia

slenderly alternated with

Underside dark purplish-brown.

Forewing with glossy macular band, as
Hindioing with medial band as above, the costal portion being pale green
and inwardly bordered by a subbasal black spot traversed by a deep crimson bar
white.

above.

•

the medial band also outwardly bordered by black patches, the patch at apex of the
cell and those from the radial to anal angle traversed by a deep crimson lunule, that
at the anal angle being broad

defined than on upperside.

grey-streaked

;

beyond, the submarginal pale green lunules are less
Body greyish-black above beneath, legs and palpi,

;

;

antennae black.

Expanse, 3 to 3^ inches.
Larva.

— Smooth;

thickened from the

second to fifth segment, and thence
with two short subdorsal fleshy spines on the fourth secernent,
between which is a transverse pale yellow line, two shorter spines also on the second
and third, and two on the anal segment colour green, with a longitudinal posterior
decreasing to the end

;

;

lateral

and lower pale yellowish

line.


LEPIDOPTERA INBICA.

11

Pupa.

— Conical;

truncated

in

front;

produced into a lengthened

tlioras

obtusely-pointed frontal process.

Habitat.
Tonicin

—

Hainan

;

Philippines

;

Burma; Tenasserim; Andamans
Engauo Java Natuna Isles
Sumatra
India;

IST.

;

;

Loo Cboo

Isles

;

;

—In the

N.W. Himalayas,

" one of the commonest butterflies at Masuri.

found

till

Borneo

;

;

Peninsula;

Mala}^

Palawan

;

;

S. Japan.

DisTraBDTiON AND Habits.
is

;

the end of the rains in September.

Capt. T. Hutton says this

May, and

It appears early in

is

the tops of

It usually frequents

Oak trees, where it flits about with a jumping or jerking flight, and is somewhat
difficult to capture, from its quickness, and the height at which it keeps " (Tr. Ent.
Capt. A. M. Lang states that it is "seen but in few places in the
Soc. 1847, 51).

N.W. Himalayas, and

never more than one at a time.

and not easily captured " (Ent. Mo.
it

"very common

as

season, and in the

Mag. 1864,

at Masuri in the spiking,

Dun

The

leaves of Machilus odoratissima, N.O. Lanrinefe.

emerges

tlie

following spi'ing " (Journ.

Doherty obtained
elevation, in
in the "

bold and rajDid in

It

larva, in Masuri, feeds

flight,

on the

pupates in June, and the imago

Bombay N. H.

Ramganga, Gori and Kali

at Sarju,

it

Kumaon

is

Mr. P. W. Mackinnon records
101).
summer, and beginning of the rainy

March and August.

in

It

" (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1886, 13G).

Mr.

Soc. 1898, 595).

W.

Valleys, 2,000 to 5,000 feet

Mr.

J.

H. Hocking took

it

round and round the tops of trees" (P. Z. S. 1882,
We have specimens from Nepal, taken by Gren. Gr. Eamsay. Mr. H. J. Blwes
257).
records it as " common in Sil
Kaugra

Hills.

It flies

between April and October.

It

is

a very strong flyer, and only caught

when

settled

on wet places in the sun" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 434). Mr. L. de Niceville also says
it is " common in Sikkim throughout the warm months, from 1,000 to 7,000 feet
Col. C. Swiuhoe records it from the Khasia
elevation" (Sikkim Gaz. 1894, 174).
Col. C. H. E. Adamson says it is found " throughHills (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 314).

Burma; males being very common,

out

Lieut. E. y.

Chin

Watson took

March

to

May

"

(J.

it

May.

Lushai Hills, in

at " Beeling,
It

Bombay N. H.
it

Upper Tenasserim

;

(List,

and

at

1897,49).

Choungkwa,

was also common at the foot of the Chin Hills from
S.

1888,

Khareu Hills.
the Shan States; commonest at elevations
Signor L. Fea took

the female very rare"

in the

p.

26; id 1891, 54;

Dr. N. Manders found

it

1897, 672).
" abundant in

id.

of 3,000 feet" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 536).

Mr. H. Grose-Smith has examples from the Andamans.

DALCHINA TEREDON

(Plate 472,

fig.

1,

Papilio Teredon, Felder, Verb. Z. B. Ges. "Wien. 1SC4,

larva and pupa,

p.

305

;

id.

DaviJson and Aitken, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1S96,
Daldiina Tendon, Moore. Lep. of Ci.7lon,

i.

la, b, c, ^J

9).

Reise Novara Lep.

i.

p.

61 (1SG5).

p. 578.

p. 143, pi. 62, fig. 1, la, (J

?

;

lb, larva andj^wj'o (1881).


;

PAPILIONINM

15

Paptlio (Dalchina) Teredon, Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 364.

Bombay N. H.

Soc. 1892, p.

Papilio Sarpedon Teredon, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

Bengal, 1900, p.

Ferguson, Journ.

446.
ii.

p.

442 (1895).

de Niccville, Journ. As. Soc.

2-57.

Papilio Sarpedon, var.

a.

Gray, Catal. Lep. Brit. Mus.

i.

p.

28 (1852).

Bombay N. H.

Papilio Sarpedon, Davidson and Ailken, Journ.

Dalchina Thermodusa, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885,

Soc. 1890, p. 364.

p.

146.

Papilio (Dalchina) Thermodusa, Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 364.

Imago.

—Male aud female.

Upperside black, with similar markings to

tliose in

Forewing with the transverse macular band generally much narrower,

D. Sarpedon.

the upper spots being smaller and wider separated, and the lower portions mostlydivided by black veins

;

the band

being either at

its

composed

is

upper spot being sometimes absent,

iu

of either eight or nine portions, the

both sexes from Ceylon and

narrowest or widest width, this spot

S. India,

— when present—

is

the band

very small.

Hindiuiug produced into a rather prominent tooth at end of upper median veinlet
the medial band mostly narrower than

bands as above.
w'ith

black

;

in

Sarpedon.

Underside with the transverse

Hindwing with the subbasal crimson bar not inwardly bordered

other markings similar to Sarpedon.

Expanse, 2i^ to 3/o inches.

Larva and Pupa.
Habitat.

— Similar

— Ceylon

;

and

in the

—In Ceylon

North and Eastern portions

damp

Sarpedon (see Plate 472).

S. India.

Distribution and Habits.

in the

to that of

South-eastern district.

this butterfly

of the Island in the

The

"

is

abundant

low country, but

in the Hills,
is

not found

Cinnamomeum and many
224-).
Mr. F. M. Mackwood

larva feeds on

other plants " (Dr. N. Manders, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1899,
as "

numerous everywhere in Ceylon. In the dry-season dozens together
near streams. Capt, Wade found it
ai'e to be seen on the damp sandy spots
common in Kandy and Galle" (Lep. Ceylon, i. 143). In South India, Mr. S. N.
records

it

"Ward found

it

"common

both above and below the Ghats on the Malabar Coast,

more particularly so on the Nilgiris. The larva was found on the Dalchey-wild
Cinnamon " (MS. Notes). Messrs. Davidson and Aitken write, " We found the

larva of this at Karwar from July till October on Litseea sehisera and Alseodapline
It is even more shy and retiring than that of
semicarpifolia (N. 0. Laurineje).
P. Agamemnon, and we got very few. It is vei'y like that of Agamemnon, but
prettier,

being of a

soft,

dark green, inclining to emerald and passing into a pale

and the under parts. The pupa is easily distinguished
from that of Agamemnon by one mark, viz. the horn is not straight, but curves
" In the Kanara District
slightly backwards " (J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1890, 364).
the butterfly is commoner than Agamemnon, and may be seen all through the dry-

bluish on the last segment

season as well as in the rains, but rarely in gardens.

Nothing

suits it better than a


;

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

16

and moist,
Mr, G. F. Hampson obtained it on
for it is a thirsty creature" {id. I.e. 1896, 578).
the " Nilgiris, at 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation, and two specimens of the form

cleaving in Leavy forest, witli a stream of water to keep tte ground cool

Tliermochisa, in February, at 3,500 feet" (J. As. Soc.

Beng. 1888, 364).

Col. C.

specimens of Thermodusa on " Matheran Hill, Bombay, in
November and December" (P. Z. S. 1885, 146). We possess specimens from
Mathei-an taken by Dr. A. Leith. Mr. H. S. Ferguson records it as " common in
the low country of Travancore, and up to 4,000 feet in the Hills on the South

Swiuhoe

common

took

also

Of our

his

on the high range"

illustrations

o'

Bombay N. H.

on Plate 472,

Gregory's Ceylon drawings
fis:.

(J.

figs,

;

larva

fig. 1,

Soc. 1891, 446).

and pupa,

is

copied from Sir "W.

la and c from a Ceylon male and female, and

lb from a Nilgiri male.

DALCHINA CLOANTHTJS
Fapilio

iv.

pt.

p. 405,

2,

Gray, Catal. Lep. B.
(1857)

;

id.

P.

pp. 304, 349.

S.

Z.

M.

i.

1865,

p.

28 (1852).

757

;

i.

Bombay N. H.

42,

p.

pi.

11,

fig.

S,\c, ?).

la, b,

2

id. 1882, p. 257.

101.

p.

p.

439.

Oberthur, Etud. Ent.
p.

1S94,

p.

174.

Company,

iv.

376

Kotbschild, Nov. Zool.

;

i.

p.

112

ii.

60 (1879).

p.
id.

Ann. Nat.

p.

445 (1895).

Swinboe, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893,

Papilio [Dalchina) Cloanthus, Doberty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 136.
Gazetteer,

I.

Soc. 1895, p. 497, larva.

Cloanthus, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 257.

a, b, c, d,

Hiigel's

Felder, Verb. Z. B. Ges. Wien. 186-4,

Butler, P. Z. S. 1886,

p. 9, pi. 6 (1884).

Kollar,

(1841).

Hutton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1847, p. 51.

Mooie, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.

Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888,

Hist. 1888, p. 206.

Robson, Journ.

p.

i.

and pwj)a;

1, Zari'a

2 (1844).

pi. 2, fig. 1,

Lang. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1864,

Staudinger, Exot. Sohmett.

BalcMna

fig.

Westwood, Arcana Entom.

Cloanthus,

Kaschmir,

(Plate 473,

Mackinnon, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1898.

p.

314.

de Niecville, Sikkim
p. 595, pi.

W,

fig.

27,

larva and pupa.

Fainlio Cloanthus, var. Cloantlmlus, Frubstorfer, Dents. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 140,

—Male

Upperside purplish-black. Forewing with a pale
olive-green very broad medial transverse band, the upper portion macular to the
Imago.

third

median

and female.

veinlet

and composed

of

conjoined and blue-tinted; within the
outer one in the interspace of the

five large

cell is

fourth

spots,

the lower portion being

a large rounded spot joined to the

and third median, and also a large

elongated triangular lower spot joined to the outer portions in the interspaces of the

Hind wing with a pale olive-green very broad posteriorlydecreasing medial band, and a submarginal row of four large spots, the lower three
being conical and the upper one narrow at the apical and posterior angle is also a
second and third median.

;

slightly-apparent slender greyish lunule, and at the anal angle a very obscure reddish
spot.

Underside dark purplish-brown.

Forewing with pale green markings as

above, and the outer border traversed by a submarginal pale obscure greyish

line.

Hiitdwing with a broad pale green band and submarginal spots, as above, the inner


PAFILIONIN^.

17

band with a black patch crossed by a crimson slender sinuous
streak, and its lower outer-end from within apex of the cell to anal angle bordered
abdominal margin with a grey
with black patches crossed by crimson lunules
cilia from upper median
streak, and in the male with a pale ochreous woolly-patch
Body above greyish-black, beneath
to anal angle slenderly alternated with white.
costal-end of the

;

;

and legs greyish

;

antennae black.

Expanse, 3^ to 4 inches.
" Full-fed 1|- inch long.
Laeva.

—

the

fifth

segment, from which

over the head

is

it

body widest at
the ridge
the anal segment

Head and neck

tapers gradually to

contractile

;

;

furnished with two tubercles, black in front, white posteriorly

;

the

segment has a yellow bar which projects on each side beyond the body, and has
Colour green the
the appearance of a yoke, the points of this yoke are black.
fifth

;

thirteenth segment

is

of a pale transparent blue-green

a pale yellow subdorsal line,

;

and an almost white spiracular line are the only markings; head greeDish-yellow
the thirteenth segment terminates in two
legs, claspers, and abdomen blue-green
sharp points which join at the end, so that the division between them is apparent
only on close examination" (Mrs. S. llobson, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1895,
;

;

497).

Pupa.

— Conical

;

truncated in front

;

head

slightly cleft in front

;

thorax angled

in front and at the sides, and with a short dorsal frontal projected process.

pale green, with a lateral and a divaricated pale yellow dorsal

Habitat.

Shan States

;

—North "Western,
?

and Eastern Himalayas; Assam; Burma;

— We

have a male from Kashmir, taken by the late

Capt. T. Hutton records

Capt. R. Bayne Reed.

warm

line.

Malay Peninsula.

Distribution, Habits, etc.

fine

Central,

Colour

it

as " very

common,

at Masuri, in

weather, flitting with great rapidity over the tops of the loftiest trees.

It usually selects

with a jerking

some

lofty Oak, over the

flight, like

summit

that of P. Sarpedon, until

which
domain

of

its

it

continues to dance

is

invaded by another

when a rapid chase round and round the tree takes place, one- while they
dart away from the tree down the side of the steep mountain, but ever and anon
return to the favourite tree, until one is fairly driven off, when the other resumes its

individual,

dance as before.

It is diflficult

appears at the end

Soc. J847,

51).

affecting the
feet.

I

of April,

Capt. A. M.

same

localities in

to capture,

from

its

high and rapid

and continues throughout

ttie

summer

"

flight.

It

(Tr. Ent.

Lang says it is "equally rare with P. Sarpedon,
the N.W. Himalaya, at altitudes from 5,000 to 7,000

have taken both the species, sitting with closed wings by the moist margins

Mo. Mag. 1864, 101). Major J. W. Yerbury obtained it
September" (P. Z. S. 1886, 376). Mrs. S. Robson found
"
Masuri, in June, on a large and common tree, Machilus odoratissima

of a trickling rill" (Ent.

at " Murree in August and

the larva at
VOL. VI.

D


——

—

LEPIBOPTEEA INBICA.

18

(J.

— —

Bombay F. H.

Masuri, in

S.

summer months.

spring and

tlie

Mr. P. W. Mackinnon records

1895, 497).

Machilus odoratissihui N. 0. Laurinege.

The larva

feeds

common

in

on the leaves of

green with a yellow collar on

It is bright

,

as "

it

The larva
bright green, with the angles yellow.
"
pupates in June, and the butterfly emerges in the following April
(J. Bombay
N. H. S. 18ii8, 595). Mr. W. Doherty took it at " Khati, Loharkhet, and in Lower
the

fifth

The pupa

segment.

Ramganga, 2,000

is

Gen. G. Ramsay obtained

Knmaon.

to 7,000 feet, in

in Nepal.

it

in the British Museum.
"
Moller gives the habitat of this species, in Sikkim, as
J. Elwes writes,

Specimens labelled Nepal, and Barrackpur near Calcutta, are
Mr. H.

from 2,000

to 4,000 feet

at 6,000 feet, flying

and hard

occurring from April to October.

;

I

saw

Khasia

in

it

on sunny days round the tops of trees with very rapid

flight,

catch" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 434). Mr. G. C. Dudgeon took it iu
Bhotan. Col. C. Swinhoe records it from the Khasia Hills (Tr. Ent. Soc.
Mr. W. Rothschild records it from the Shan States (Nov. ZooL ii. 1893,
314).
to

445).

Of our illustrations on Plate 478,

Mackinnon's Masuri drawings fig. la,
from N.W. Himalaya.

b,

;

Indo-Malayax Species.

larva and pupa,

fig. 1,

—Dalclima

is

copied from Mr.

male from Kashmir, and

rufofervida

Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1897, p. 305).

Sarpedon

(Pap.

rufofervidus,

(Pap. Sarpedon, var. semifasciatus, Honrath, Ent. Nachr. 1881, p. 161.

Nov. Zool.
fig.

2.

Eruhst.

Ent.

Berl.

1902,

Zeit.

Habitat.

215.

p.

Farsedon (Pap. Parsedon, Westwood, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1872,

Java

Habitat.

Leech,

Butt,

Habitat.

Hagen,

C.

Moore).

(Coll.

of

China,

p.

and W. China.

Iris,

vii.

p.

Genus

523,

pi.

B.

(1800).

M.

p.

2

fig.

I.e.

p. 526.

(1893).

p.

Rothschild,

243 (1869).

p.

424.

Nov. Voy. Lep.
Pap.

Philippines.

ii.

Tyjje.

p.

I.

i.

Codrus.

1895,

I.e.

p.

445).

Sumatra.
Papilio (Group 35)

p.

525.

Melauthus,

p. 72, pi. 12,

fig.

Habitat.
Felder,

Idaidcs Empedoclvs

Donovan,

10 (1787).

ii.

(Pap.

Ins. of India, pi. 20,

Butler, Catal. D. Lep. Fabr.

p. 65.

Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

Idaides Melanthus (Pap.

fig. 1, 2).

Pap. (Dal.) Cloanthus,

445).

Habitat.

Wallace, Tr. Linn. Soc. 1865,

Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

(1892).

32,

Rothschild,

Empedocles, Fabricius, Mant. Ins.
fig. 1

p. 99, pi. 5,

Idaidcs, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 85 (1816).
ii.

7,

Chmn.—Dalchina

Dalchina Sumatrana (Pap. Cloanthus car. Sumatranus,

27 (1894).

Nov. Zool.

pi.

Dalchina Clymena (Pap. Cloanthus, var. Clymenus,

de Niceville, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1895,

Rothschild,

Rothschild,

Pap. Sarpedon, var. Leech, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 115,

p. 442.

ii.

female

Dalchina semifasciata

Nias.

Habitat.

fig. Ic,

p.

427

de Niceville,

(1895).

Sumatra Java; Banka; Borneo.
Wien. Ent. Monats.

C, S (1865).

vi.

p.

283

Semper, Phil. Tagfalt.

Codrus Melauthus, Rothschild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

p.

426.

r.

;

id.

279

Habitat.


PAPILIONINJE.

PATHYSA.

Genus

Pathysa, Eeakirfc, Proc. Enb. Soc. Philadelphia,

141 (1881).

p.

19

504 (1864).

pp. 503,

iii.

Kirby, Allen's Nat. Hist. Butt.

ii.

p.

Moore, Lop. of Ceylon,

i.

274 (1896).

Iphiclides (part), Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Schmetc. p. 82 (1816).

Podnlirius (part), Swaimon, Zool. Illustr.

pi.

ii.

105

(IBS."?).

Papilio (pait), Doubleday and Hewitson.

PapiJio

(sect. 21, subseet. C),

Imago.

obtuse;

—Male.

posteriorly

p.

410 (1895).

concave

oblique,

to the costal, emitted at

tenth before end of the

cell

about one-seventh, and second branch at one-

Hindwing broad ; costa rather long and oblique

;

subcostal at one-half before end of the

first

upper slightly longest.

exterior margin

;

sinuous and produced into a very long narrow ensiform

narrow

apex

subcostal branch short and

first

;

;

middle and slightly uneven

the

in

discocellulars nearly straight,

;

much arcbed

costa very

;

broadest across the middle

cell long,

;

anastomosed

ii.

Forewing broad, triangular

margin

exterior

Wien. 1864, pp. 302, 346.

Felder, Verb. Z. B. Ges.

Papilio (group 31), Kothschild, Nov. Zool.

cell,

tail

;

convex, very

very long and

cell

second branch concave at

the base; discocellulars bent outward, radial from their angle; abdominal margin

with an elongated hairy scent-organ beneath the fold.
with a short thick rounded club.

Larva.

— Smooth;

Bochj short, stout

;

antennce

Sexes similar.

and

slightly distended about the fourth

segments; with

fifth

two short pointed subdorsal tubercles on third and fourth segment, two
tubercles on second, and two on anal sesrment.

—Attenuated

Pdpa.

at anal end

frontal dorsal prominence;

Type.

thorax truncated in front and with a short

;

head excavated

in front.

—P. Antiphates.

PATHYSA ALCIBIADES

(Plate 474,

Papilio Alcibiades, Fabricius, Maut. Ins.

ii.

fig.

larva and pupa, lb,

1, la,

p 8 (1787); Ent. Syst.

Papilio Antiphates, var. Alcibiades, Butler, Catal. Pabr. Lep. B.

Papilio Antiphates Alcibiades, Knthschild, Nov. Zool.

ii.

Papilio Antiphates, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep.

2 48 (1836).

Lpp.

i.

p.

i.

p.

116,

1885, p. 342.

Lond. 1888,
1892,

p.

la, larva

Pathysa

i.

p.

v.

iii.

M.

p.

Eimer, Artbild. Schmett.

^,

le,

?

).

25 (1793).

Doubleday and Hewitson, Gsn. D.
Moore, Cital. Lep. Mus. E.

p. 31 (1852).

349,

p.

d,

240 (L869).

p.

and 2-upa (1857).

Ent. 1888,

i.

c,

411 (1895).

pi. 2, fig.

p.

1877,

pi. 8, fig.

I.

Felder, Verb. Z. B. Ges. Wien.

1865,

Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool.

Piepers, Tijd.

p. 433.

126.

p.

Wallace, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

1878, p. 841.

id.

10, 10a, larva

pi. 3, fig.

1864, pp. 302, 346.

757;

i.

Gray, Catal. Lep. B. M.

15 (1846).

Company,

p.

fleshy

63.
p.

4, larva.

2 (1888).

Moore, P. Z. S. 1865,

552;

id.

Ann. Nat Hist.

Ehves, Tr. Ent. Soc.

Robbe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

Davidson and Aitken, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1806,

p.

579,

pi. 6, fig. 1,

and pupa.

Antiphatfts, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon,

i.

p.

D 2

142,

pi.

63,

fig.

1, la,

^

(1881)

;

id.

Journ. Linn.