American Museum Journal V11

THE

American Museum
Journal

VOLUME

XI, 1911

NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY THE

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL iliSTORY
19 11



American Museum
Seventy-seventh Street

Natural History

of

and Central Park West, New York City

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President

Henrv Fairfield Osborn
Second Vice-President

First Vice-President

Cleveland H. Dodge

J.

I'lKRi'ONT

Morgan,

Jr.

Treasurer

Secretary

Charles Lanier

AucHKK M. Huntington

The Mayor of the City of New York
The Comptroller of the City of New York
The President of the Department of Parks
A. D. JUILLIARD
GusTAV E. Kissel

Bickmore
Bowdoin
Joseph H. Choate

Albert
George

S.

S.

Thomas DeWitt Cuyler
James Douglas
Madison Grant
Anson W. Hard
Adrian Iselin,

*

Seth Low
Ogden Mills
J. Pierpont Morgan
Percy R. Pyne
William Rockefeller
John B. Trevor
Felix M. Warburg

Jr.

Arthur Curtiss James
Walter B. James

George W. Wickersham

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Assistant Secretary

Director

George H. Sherwood

Frederic A. Lucas
Assistant Treasurer

The United States Trust Company of New York
*

Deceased

The Museum is Open Free to the Public on Every Day in the Year.
The American Museum of Natural History was established in 1S69 to promote

the

Natural Sciences and to difluse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial
The Museum authorities are decooperation with all similar institutions throughout the world.
pendent upon private subscriptions and the dues from members for procuring neetled additions to
The
the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world.

membership

fees are,

Annual Members

Members
Members

Sustaining
Life

$ 10
(Annual;.

2.5

100

Fellows
Patrons
Benefactors

$ 500
(Uift

bequest)

or

1000
50,000

The Museum Library contains more than 60,000 volumes with a good working collection of
The library
publications issued by scientific insd'tulions and societies in this country and abroad.
from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
Sundays and holidays excepted
Is open to the public for reference daily

—

—

The Museum Publications

are issued in six series: The American
Report. Anthropological Papers, Bulletins, Guide Leaflets and Memoirs.
their sale may be obtained at the Museum Library

Museujn Journal, Annual
Information concerning

Guides for Study of Exhibits are provided on request by the Department of Public
Teachers wishing to bring classes should write or telephone the Department for an
Education.
Lectures to classes may also be arranged
appointment, specifying the collection to be studied.
for.
In all cases the best results are obtained with small groups of children.
be visited by persons presenting membership
storage collections are open to all persons desiring to examine specimens for special
Applications should be made at the information desk.

Workrooms and Storage Collections may
tickets.

study.

The

The Mitla Restaurant

in the ea.st basement is reached by the elevator and is open from
days except Sundays. Afternoon Tea is served from 2 to 5. The Mitla Room Is of
unusual interest as an exhibition hall being an exact reproduction of temple ruins at Mitla, Mexico.

12 to 5 on

all


Scientific Staff

DIRECTOR
Frederic A. Lucas, Sc.D.

GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
Edmund Otis Hovey,

A.B., Ph.D., Curator

MINERALOGY

L. P. Gratacap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator
George F. Kunz, A.M., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of

Gema

INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Prof.

Frank

Henry E. Crampton, A.B., Ph.D., Curator
Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assistant Curator
E. Lutz, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator

Gratacap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator of MoUusca
William Beutenmuller, Associate Curator of Lepidoptera
John A. Grossbeck, Assistant
L. P.

Prof.

Prof.

William Morton Wheeler, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Social Insects
Alexander Petrunkevitch, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Arachnida
Aaron L. Treadwell, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Annulata
Charles W. Leng, B.S.. Honorary Curator of Coleoptera

ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY
Bashford Dean,

A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator of Fishes and Reptilce
Louis Hussakof, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Curator of Fishes
John T. Nichols, A.B., Assistant Curator of Recent Fishes
Mary Cynthia Dickerson, B.S., Assistant Curator of Herpetology

Prof.

MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY
Prof. J. A.

Allen, Ph.D., Curator

Frank M. Chapman, Curator

of Ornithology

Roy C. Andrews, A.B., Assistant Curator of Mammalogy
W. De W. Miller, Assistant Curator of Ornithology

VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY
Prof.

Henry Fairfield Osborn, A.B., Sc.D., LL.D., D.Sc, Curator Emeritus
W. D. xM-atphew, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator
Walter Granger, Associate Curator of Fossil Mammals
Barnum Brown, A.B., Associate Curator of Fossil Reptiles
William K. Gregory, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator

ANTHROPOLOGY

Clark Wissler,

A.B., A.AL, Ph.D., Curator

Pliny E. Goddard, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator
Robert H. Lowie, A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Curator
Herbert J. Spinden, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator

Charles W. Mead,
Alanson Skinner,

Assistant
Assistant

PHYSIOLOGY
Prof.

Ralph W. Tower,

A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator

PUBLIC HEALTH
Prof.

Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, S.B., M.S., Curator
John Henry O'Neill, S.B., Assistant

WOODS AND FORESTRY
Mary Cynthia Dickerson,

B.S.,

Curator

BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS
Prof.

Ralph W. Tower,

A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator

PUBLIC EDUCATION
Prof.

Albert S. Bickmore, B.S., Ph.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritus
George H. Sherwood, A.B., A-M., Curator


Il-USTIJATIOXS
Aliscirlnd in
Al'iiran

hoy

siiui.\
t';ii

of the motooritos,

ryiut;

lt'()i);irii,

Alricati Jlall. 14, 15. 17,

African warriors. 1'2
"Ani- (if Mainnials,"

Arahopo

\i.i\vv.

1,S,

2L'l

89

19

l^.^

(')7

J'.io

Awaitin;; tlii-ir turn to onter for a lecture, 242
Mafioho "burden basket," 171; hemp fibre.
nian'.s carrying bag. 107;
scarf.

1()9:
IGfi;
textile for woman's skirt, 169;
women. Ki."). KiS; youth, 1G4
iiakulni pileckith. 17
Heehiye in Insect Hall. 2.'J0
Bella Coola family making "bread," 137

Bickmore, Prof. Albert S., 189, 230
Birches, Jesup estate, 42
Bird hoiLses made by schoolboys, 2.58
T^lack walnut, .lesui) Collection. 38
Hullfrog Croup, cover (Oct.). 186, 202, 204
"Caliph." 173, 176, 177. 178. cover (May)
Canoe Builders, cover (April). 109
Catalpa Flowers. Forestry Hall. 253
Central Andes, Western Colombia, 294
Chilkat blanket weaving at a salmon river

camp, 134
Children have favorite exhibits, 233
Chinese bronzes, .59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64
Coloring from the live frog, 207
Congo battle-axe, Kasai District, 10;
carved wooden vase, IS; pygmies in
the death dance. 19
Contact (double) beds, 140
Coppermine River, Museum's Arctic Expedition. 271
Copi)er Queen ^^ne. Cavern in. 305
Crocodile. Skeleton of an extinct marine, 68

Crow Indians, Adoption lodge, 180
Dinosaur nnunmy. 6
Dinosaurs. Duck-billed. 8. 10
Dominica. Fording a stream. 270
Driftwood (polluted) Picking up. 147
"Dry Camp." Gray Bull River, 87
Elephant, Head studies, 92; herd, 5
Eohippus. 84, 85, 88
Eryops from the Lower Permian of Texas,
197
European frog showing external vocal sacs,

209

Red Deer River, 273
Hiunan 96; Rat, 95. 96
Flowering dogwood, Jesup Collection, 37
F'orests on Andean Coast Range, 296, 298

Flat boat.
Flea,

"F'ossil

Acjuarium," 160

Fossil fish field work, 303
Fossil in iiosition, 277

280

Four-toed horse. Eohippus, 84, 85. 88
Fossil ripples in sandstone,

I'^iir

.'-'(•al

Fur

seals,

(

ir-oiip,

.".(l,

I'ribilol

.'.

1

Islands, covt'r

(l''eb.)

Giralfe. I'Mve-horned. 91

Ground Sloth Group.

114. 116. 119
fiuiana Indians. 289. 291, 292
Haida Canoe, Steaming and decoration, 109
Hippo. MeasiU'ing and skinning, 90
lloiisr posts,

82

Irtrins furrlrsi

Chapman, 20

Impalla. 91
Indian tipi, Studying home life within. 222
Infectious diseases. Photographs to teach
prevention. 238, 239
Intermittent sand filters, 144, 145
Ireng River, Looking over the den.sc canopy
of the forest toward valley of, 280
Kaieteur, the Great Palls of the Guianas,

200
Lacrosse,

Menomini game

of, 138,

139, 141

Malarial mosquito exhibit, 241
Mangbetu natives, Congo Expedition report.
190.

191

Maori carved canoe prow, 53, 55; warrior, 54
Map showing exploration and field parties,
1911, 269

Marine Group, Model

for,

251

Mexohippus, 85, 88

Monitor (Water). Habitat Group,
modeling manikin for, 207
Moose Cirou]), Studying the, 226
Mount Wilson, View from, 40

200;

Mounting the skin

of a lizard of Tropical
America, 212

Mural panels in North Pacific Hall, cover
(April), 109, 128, 134, 137
Museum building. Design for east facade,

154

Museum

of Celebes, 149

Newt's method of shedding skin, 208
North American geography at close of Coal
Era, 198
Okapi, 40, 47, 72
Oriole, Fuertes', 20
Orohippus, 85, 88
Pine seeds for i)Ianting, cover (May)
Pines, ,Iesup estate, 34, 41

Potaro River below Kaieteur Falls. 2S3. 28
Prospi'ctiug in Wind Ki\er Hasiii, Wyoming.
S7
Rat. "Norway," {Mus decumanus), 97, 98
I

Red Deer

River, 272, 275, 276, 279, 280, 281,

282

Hook-lippi'd.
cover
Rhinocerus,
Square-mouthed, 2, 4
Roraima. Mount. 290, 291
Salamander, .Japanese giant, 203

San Ildefonso pottery,

(,Ian.);

192, 193, 194, 195


:

IXDEX
Sun Dance among Plains Cree, 299
Tamanawas board. Bay Center, Washington,

2S7
on (iuiana border. 292

Siivaiiiiahs, IJrazilian. 2S(i,

Savcritik.

Camp

School cliikiron visiting special exhibits at

the

Museum,

218. 222, 22.5. 226, 'I'M.
237, 241, 242, 243, 248. 249, 2.50. 2.52,
253. 2.57. 201, 262
".Sea elephants." 108, 110. Ill
Scptie Tank, 1 Kl

Sketching for North Pacific Hall panels, 131
Skin-laden mules, Africa. 93
Spoonbill or paddleflsh, 120, 121, 123, 12.5
Spoonbill caviar. Preparing, 12t. 125
Stikine River, 132
Stone seat from Ecuador, 83
Successful kill by Guiana C'arih liulians

289
Sugar maple
the, 237

in the Forestry Hall,

Studying

77

Totem

poles,

cover (March). 76, 78. 79, 80,

81

Trachodon mumm.v.

I'oiiioii of skin. 9
Travelling case of birds. 245
Tree Climbing Ruminant. 162
Tree sloth. Modirn. 117
Trickling filters. Columbus. O., 142, 143
Tsimshian family making lulachon "butter,"
128
Turtle (soft-shelled), Wax cast. 210
Turtles (spotted). Wax cast, 210
Water moccasin. Wax cast, 211
Wax casts, 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211
Whale skeleton cases from .fapan, 23
Zebra Group, 172, 173, 174

INDEX
Capitals Indicate the

Accessions

Anthropology, 30, 83. 102, 1,50, 184. 216
Geology, 310
Invertebrate Pahvontolouy, 151

Invertebrate Zoology, 264. 309
Mammalogy and Ornithology, 31, 71, 72,
102, 183

Xame

of a Contributor

BuiELow. Maurice A. Educational Value
of the American Musaum. 234-235
Bird C^oUections on Deposit, 182
British Guiana and Brazil to Mount Roraima. 283-293

BuowN.

Bar.n'um, Fossil Hunting by Boat
Canada. 27.3-282
Bumpus. Hermon Cary, 30
in

Mineralogy, 30, 210
Public Education. 71. 189
Vertebrate Palieontology. 69. 264
Paintings of Peary meteorites, 102, 204
Administrative Offices. 214
African Large fiame. 173 178
"Age of Mammals," 30, 65-67
Allen, .1. A. Habitat Groups of Mammals
and Birds, 248-249
The Okapi. 73-75

American Museum and Education, 242
Amphibian-; of the (ireat Coal Swamps,
197-200
Ancient Chine.se Bronzes. 59-65
Andrews, R. C. Aroimd the World for
the Museum, 21-24

Modern Museum

of Celebes. 149-1.50

Anthropological Field

Work

for the

Year.

299-300
Anthropology. Arrangement of I<2xhibits. 251
Appointments. 151. 215
Appropriation for Museum Extension, 21.3
Around the World for the Museum. 21-24

Burrage.

Byrne,

Guy

H.. 182

Mary

B. C.

Bagobo Fine Art

Collection, 104-171

W.

Bagobo Fine Art

L.

tion. 104-171
Biekmore. Professor Albert

S..

Educator. 229

the

Mu-

Frank M. New Oriole from
Mexico. 20

Zoological Expedition to Western Colombia. 295-298
Zoological Exi)loratioii in Soutli .Vmerica.
.52

Child Welfare Exhibit. 31)
Children's Room of the Museum, 200-201
Clark. Anna M. The Museum a Laboratory for (^lasses, 239-240
Clark. .Iamks L. Preservation of Mammal
Skins in the Field. 89-94
Congo Expedition. Reports from, 44-48. 191
Contents, Table of, 1. 33, cover (Mar.), 105,
1.53. 185. 217, 205
Cooperation in Education, 219
('opper Queen Mine. Newly Discovered

Cavern
Brazil

Collec-

at

Chapman.

(^RA.MPTON.

Benedict,

Tuesday

seum, 202-204

in.

304-307

Henry E.. British Guiana and
to Mount Roraima. 283-293

Educational Aims of the Department of
Invertebrate Zoology. 250-252
Crow Indians of Montana. 179-181


IXDKX
Dean, Bashford,

Oollcctiiifj:
Fossil Fishes
Ohio. 302-303
Exhibition of Keptili's and Amphibians,
201
The New "Fossil A(|uariuin." 1(11
DicKERsox, M. V. F()ri'\vt)rii on the New
Mural Paintings. 12!l-130

in

Rare Elephant

109-112

Seals.

Some Methods and

Results in lUipiiol-

ogy, 203-212
Dinosaur. Fort Lee, 28-29

Dinosaur

Mummy.

Educational

Spirit

7

11

Museums. Isxohuiou

in

227-228
Educational Value of
of.

t

American Museum.

lie

234-23.")

Expeditions: Albirta. 213. 214, 273-282;
Alaska. 300: Arctic. 31, 72, 100, 215,
308: Arizona. 304; British East Africa,
British Guiana.
2ir>.
99;
283-293;
Canada. 300: Colombia. 100. 151. 295298: Congo. 44. 99. 183. 191; Florida.
309: Guadaloupe. 109; .Japanese Whaling Stations. 100, 21(3, 309;
Lower
California, 100; Nebraska, 214; New
•Tersey 300;
Northern Plains Indians,
12(5.
300; Ohio. 215, .302-303; Pine
Ridge Reservation. 214; Sotithwest. Indians of. 300; Venezuela, 100, 215; West
Indies 100, 215; Wyoming, 85, 214, 311
Exploration Work, Review of the Aluseum's,

267
Exploring and Fiekl Parties of 1911. 209

Extension of Museum. Plans for. 155-158

Fassett, E. C. B.
Bronzes, 59-65

New Mural

a

Treasui'c of Ancient

Paintings, 130-137

Fast Vanishing Records, 270-271
Finley. i.lohn H.) A Word of Congratulation from. 220
Flea Carriers of Plague. 9.")-ys
Forestry and the Museiun. 39-43
"Fossil Aquarium." Kil
Fossil I<;gg from IMadagascar. 70
Fossil Fishes in Ohio. Collecting. 302-303
P'ossil

Hunting by Boat

Fossil Vertebrates

(lift

in

Canada, 273-282

— What They Teach. 246

Four-Toed Horse. A

Habit and Structure in the Insect World.
27-28
Habitat Groups of Mannnals and Birtis. 248
Ilerpetology. Some Methods and Results in,
203-212
HovEY. E. O. Newly Discovered Cavern in
the Copper Queen Mine, 304-307
Professor Albert S. Bickmorc: F^ducator,
229-233
Huene, Dr. Friedrich von. 214
Hunter. George W. Museum and High
School United for Healtli and Economic
Welfare, 236
Hus.SAKoF, L. Spoonbill Fishery- of the
Mississippi. 121-125

New

Specimen

of. 85-.S8

from Ecuador, 83

Gift of Peculiar Value, 189
Gifts to the MiLseiim. :iO, 69, 71. 83. 101
189

Granger. Walter. A New Specimen

Jesup Collection of Woods, 37, 38, 43, 184
Jesup (Morris Ketchimi) and the American
Museiun, 35-36

KoNz, George

P.

New

57-58

E.xpedition, 44-48, 191
Lecture Announcements. 32, 72, 103, 152.
p. 3, cover, (Oct.) 311
Leipziger. Henry M., The Museum and
the Public Lectiu-o, 220
Library, The Museum. 252-253
Lower California Expedition. 100
LowiE, R. H. Crow Indians of Montana.
179-181
Industry and Art of the Negro Race. 12-19
New South Sea Exhibit. .53-56
Luca.s, F. a. Ev(jlution of the Educitional

Spirit in Museums, 227-228
Fast Vanishing Records 270-271

Human Interest in Museum F^xhibits. 187
LuTz. F. K.
l-'lea Carriers of Plague. 95-98
Relation betwe(>n Habit and Structure in
the lns(et, World. 27-28
ManuiuU Skins. Preservation. 89-94
Man. Exhibit Showing Antiquity, 310
M,vTTiiK\v. W. D.
Ami)hibians of the Great
Coal Swamps. 197-200
Fort Lee Dinosaur. 28 -29
Fo.ssil Vertebrates
What They Teach.
246
Groimd Sloth Group. 113-119
Tree Climbing Ruminant, 162-163
Maxwell, W. H. CooperatioD in Education. 219
Mead. C. W. A Gift from Ecuador. 83

102,

of the

Medicine Pipe. 24-26

Guide

Members.

215

.lade,

Lang, Herbert, Reports from the Congo

Ground Sloth Group, 113-119
Leaflets, 183, 181,

Zealand

—

.

Four-Toed Horse. 85-88
Gregory, W. K. "Age of Mannnals." 6567

Indians of the Northern Plains. Research
and Exi)loration among. 126-127
Invertebrate Zoology, Fklucational Aims of
the Department, 250-252

29, 71, 101, 182. 213. 215. 264.

307

jM)i:.\'

Members' Room. 102. 264
Menomini Came of Lacrosse, 139-141
Metropolitan Sewerage Commission Kxhibit.
1.^)1

Minerals. Hall of, 21G
Mollusks. Hall of. 151
Mural Paintings. 129-137
Murray. Sir .John. 182

Notes. 29. 71. 101,

150.

l.")0.

1S2. 213,

236-241
Association's Meeting, 214

National Academy of Sciences, 264
Negro Race. Industry and Art. 12-19
New Zealand .Jade, 57-58

Oceanographic Work on the Albatro.ss. 1.59
"Oceanography." lecture by Sir .John
Mui-ray. 182

Okapi. 73-75

A New. 20
Dinosaur Mummy. 7-11
Museum of the Future, 223-225
Plans for Extension of Museum. 155-158
Osborn. H. F.. 30, 65. 71, 213
Oriole from Me.xico,

OsBORN. H.

F.

Changes
214

in. 71. 99,

101. 102,

183, 213,

Seal (Jroup. 49-51

264, 307
of Celebes. A Modern. 149-1.50
of the Future, 22.3-22.5
Tuesday at the. 202-264
Museum's Work, Cordial Recognition of the.

Museums

Saqe. L. B.
The Museum Increasingly
Helpful for Ten Years. 23(>-239
Schaffer. Dr. Franz. 214
Scientific Stair.

Mu.seum. A Laboratory for Classes. 239-240
and High School United for Health and
Economic Welfare, 236
and the Public Lecture. 220
Kxliihits. lIuMian Interest in, 1S7-188
How One Crowded High School uses the,
240-241
Increasingly Helpful for Ten Years. 230

News

Roosevelt. Theodore, 200

A

Panama Canal

Project, 310
How
.Iames L.

one Crowded

Peabody,
High School Uses the Museum, 240
Pot hole from Russell, N. Y., 310
Pottery of San lldefonso. 192-196

Grammar Schools. Symposium
of Expressions from. 255-260
Public Health. Appointive Committee. 101

Rare Elephant. 109 112
Senckenberg Museum, Historic l"\)ssil from.
69
Sherwood. O. H. Cooperation with the
Public Schools. 242-245
Seals,

Gift

Value.

of Peculiar

189

Skinner, Alan.son. The Menomini Ciame of
Lacrosse. 139-141
Smith. Harlan I., 215, 301-302
Smith. Harlan L, Totem Poles of the North
Pacific Coast, 77-82

Meetings of. 31. 103. 151
South America. Bird Fund, Contributions
Societies.

to. 101
Zoological Exploration in, 52
South Sea P^xhibit, 53-56, 71

Spinden. H.

San

.1.

The Making

lldefonso,

of Pottery at

192-196

Spoonbill Fishery of the Mi.ssi.ssippi. 121-125
Stefansson- Anderson Arctic Expedition. 31.
72, 100, 215,

308

Totem Poles, Xortli Pacific Coast. 77-82
Toumey, J. W. l"'oreslry and thc Museum.

39-43

Tower. R. W. The MiLseum Library. 252
TowNSEND. C. H. Oceanograpiiic Work on
the Albatross. 159
Finished Fur Seal Group. 49-51

The

Tree Climbing Ruminant, 162-163
Trustees. Annual Meeting. 99-100
Elections to. 99
Vertebrate
311

I'ala'ontology

Expeditions, 214

Primary and

Question of. 142-148
Public Schools, Cooperation with, 242
Publications, lOfJ-lOS, 183, 184, 215
Reptiles and Amphibians. Exhibition of, 201
"Revealing and Concealing Coloration in
Birds and Mammals," 200
Rhinocerus. Sciuare-mouthed or White. 3-5
Robb. J.. Hampden. 99
RoEsi-ER. AuNEs, Thc Children's Room of

the Museum, 260
SquareThe
Theodoue,
Roosevelt,
mouthed or White Rhinocerus, 3-5

Walker. Dr. .1. R.. 216
Wild Boar Habitat Group. 183
W'iN.sLow. C-E. A., A Question of Public
Health. 142-148
Winslow. C-E. A.. 183. 216
WissLKR. Clark. Anthropological Field
Work for the Year. 299-:ioo
.\rrangement of Exhibits in Aiilfu-opology. 2.54-2.55

Medicine Pipe. 24-26
Research in Anthropology, 126-127
Zoological Expedition to Western Colombia,

295-298


i

THE
American Huseum
Journal

Volume

XI

January,

Number

191

Published monthly from October to

May

inclusive

The American Museum of Natural History
New York City

by

i


American iVluseum

Natural History

of

Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West,

New York

City

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
President

Henry FAinnELn

Oskoiin

Second Vice-President

First Vice-President
).

PiERPOXT Morgan

Cleveland H. Dodge

Treasurer

Secretary

Charles Lanier

J.

Hampden Robb

The iMAY()j{ or the City ov New York
The Comptroller of the City of New York
The President of the Department of Parks
Albert
George

S.

A. D. Jiilmakd

liicKMOUE

Bowdoin
Joseph H. Choate
Thomas De\\'itt C'iyler
James Douglas
Anson W. Hard
Archer M. Huntington
S.

Adrian Iselin,

Jr.

Arthur Curtiss James
George

\\'.

Wk

Gustav E. Kissel
Seth Low
Ogden Mills
J. Pierpont Morgan, Jr.
Percy R. Pyne
William Rockefeller
John B. Trevor
Felix M. Warburg
kkrsham

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Assistant-Secretary

Director

and Assistant-Treasurer

George H. Sherwood

Hermon Carey Bumpus

The Museum is Open Free to the Public on Every Day' in the Year.
The American JNIuseum of Natural History was established in I809 to promote

tlic

Kalural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them anions the people, and it is in cordial
The Museum authorities are decooperation with all similar institutions throughout the world.
pendent upon private sub.scriptions and the dues from memliers for procuring needed additions to

The
•the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world.

membership

fees are.

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S U)
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or

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Museum

Library contains over (JO.OOO volumes with a good working collection of publiThe
The library is
cations issued by scientific institutions and societies in this country and abroad.
from 9 a. .m. to 5 p. m
Sundays and holidays excepted
open to the public for reference daily
Publications are issued in six series: The .\merican Museum Journal, Annual
The

—

—

Museum

Report, Anthropological Papers. Bulletins, ("uidc Leaflets and Memoirs.
may be obtained at the Mu.seum Library.

Information concerning

their sale

Guides for Study of Exhibits are provided on request by the Department of Public
Education. Teachers wishing to bring classes should write or telephone the Department for an
Lectures to classes may also be arranged

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In all cases the best results are obtained with small groups of children.
for.
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storage collections are open to all persons desiring to examine specimens for special
Applications should be made at the information desk.

Workrooms AND Storage Collections may
tickets.

study.

The

in the east basement is reached by the elevator and is open from
days except Sundays. Afternoon Tea is .served from 2 to .5. The Jvlitia Room is of
unusual interest as an exhibition hall being an exact reproduction of temple ruins at Mitia, Mexico.

The MiTLA Re.STAURANT

12 to 5 on

all


The American Museum Journal
CONTENTS FOR JANIAKY,

Cover. iMioto^raph

l)y .Iniiics L.

Tlu" Hlark or HooU-lipp

["roinispiccr,
'riir

The

A

Squuri'-nimil

()•

(lark

Kliiiiocci'os

1)V

l'li()t()_urai)h

While

Kcrmit lloosrxclt

licil

Khinocrros

Thkodokk Rooskx

Khinoccros

S([uar(>-iiunithe(l

An

mI

11)11

ki.t

'A

()sh()I{.\

7

arrount of the wliitc rhino from personal observations in the Lario

Oiiiosaur

HKNin

Miiiiiuiy

Tracliodoii

aiinectcns

j)urcliasecl

thi'oiijih

Ihe.Iesup

Faiki'iki.d
Wit

l<"iiiiii.

li

nprvxluctioii

by Charles R. Knight
Itulusti-y

and Art

of the Ne<,a-o

New

Plan of the African Hall.

A New

Oriole from Me.\ico

With colored
Arotiiid

Rohkht

Race

12

Fr.wk M.

(hai'.man

20

Rov

A.ndhkws

21

(lark Wisslkh

24

Museum

tlie

The Medicine Pipe

(

'.

gains phonograph records of Indian prayers and .songs

Relation Uetween Habit and Structure

in

the Insect

World

Fkank
W.

Fort Lee Dinosaur

Museum

Lowii-:

plate

the NNOrld for

The Museum

II.

theories of the negro's relation to civilization

1).

LiTZ

27

ALvtthkw

2S

F.

New.s Notes

29

Lecture Annotmcements

32

MaUY
Subscription,

A

subscription to the .lor kn

a

One
i.

is

Cv.NTHI.\

DlCKKRSON, Editor

Dollar per year.

copy

Fifteen cents per

included in the membership fees of
the Museum

all

classes of Menibi'rs o(

yub.scripiions .should be addressed to The American Museum Journal. 30 Boylston St.,
bridge, Mass., or 77th St. and Central Pari: West, N'ew York City

Entered as second-class matter .lanuary \2. I!t()7, at the Post-olllce
Act of Congress, .Inly Ki ISOJ

at Boston,

Cam-

Mass.


f--.

."t^"

iiTf*
t-r,,,,,

,1

,,f,„l(,,,rr,,ih.

1L-..\A^JL^

Mijgir"'
cpi/rii/lil.

h;/

K.rnnt lOiosenll

THE SQUARE-MOUTHED RHINOCEROS

The white

or sciuare-mouthed rhinoceros is now found only in a
Africa and on a narrow stretch of territory along the west bank of the

game

preserve in South

Upper Nile


The American Museum Journal
Vol. XI

.).\^^.\I{^,

nm

No.

i

THE SQUARE MOUTHED RHINOCEROS
Hv
Colonel Hoosd'cll

'I'lIK.ODOHK

/insiitlcil

li(i-<

W/iitc lihiiio, uHil

(jives

to

to

llic

the

l{(»()SKVKi;r

Ani(riciui

Miiscuiii lira

Journal from

x/^rc////*

of IIk rare

//.s

his ]>ersonal experiences (ind

observations in Africa the followinff (iccoiinl of this great horned beast of

Lddo.

Musiinn,

(hi lh( (irrirol of the skins (d lh(

irorl: icill

th(

begin (d

once on the task of preparing and mounting thou for exhibition.

OX

our trip

a

])are(l

lections:

in

Africa for the Smithsonian, in adihtion to the scries

of sj)ccinicns of hi^- ^anie for the

few skins of the

lar
head of the white rhinoceros

a

Smithsonian

and
for

itself,

a l)ull

and cow of the white rhino

also pre-

Mr. Hornaday's noteworthy

collection, a hull elej)hant for the Tniversity of California,

phants and

we

animals for other col-

rarest

for the

two cow

American

ele-

Museum

of

was especially anxious to j^et this pair of white rhinos,
because the American Museum is in my own city, because my father W'as
one of its founders and because my admiration is j;reat for the work of the
men who have raised this institution to its present hiskins of the two cow elephants were prepared by Carl Akeley, with whom
I had jioiie after them; the other specimens were preserved by b'dmund
Heller and H. J. ( 'uiminf^hame as a labor of lo^e.
Natural History.

The white
mals.

I

rhinoceros

is,

next to the el<>phant, the largest of existing

There are three ^roujjs of

of Africa, the

rhinoceros

existing- rhinoceros:

one-horned species of the Indian region and the

— the three separate stems of ancestry

Pliocene and probably to Miocene times.
ferent kinds

and

covcrinfi' the

mam-

the two-horned species
little

back at

fi"oin
Suinatran

least to early

At one time rhinos of many

dif-

widest variety of form and habit abounded in

in Europe species lasted to the days of ])ala'olithic man.
There are two wholly distinct kinds in .Vfrica, dilferinu- from one another
as much as the moose does from the wajjiti.
They are commonly called

America, and

the black and the white; but as in fact they are both of a dark slate hue,
is

better to call the former

They

inter^^rade

longer-horned.

The

in

The

size,

th(

li()()k-n!)ped

but

the

hook-lij)jK'd or

illustrations nn- usi-d

and the

lat ler

.scjuare-mouthed

a\'erages

conunon black kind

through

tlio

3

it

the s(|uare-m(iuthed.

is still

bigficr

and

plentiful in

courti'sy orCluirlos Scril)ricr's Sons.


"tf^

>

•

f'l'

'^'^^i.A'mr
'1^
From

phuto/niph, copyright, bn

a

A.w,.,i

;.

places from Ahy.ssinia to the Zamhezi

many
chiefly

found only

in

a

game preserve

hank

territory along the west
In

The white

on twigs and leaves.

its

in

of the

It

Tpper
i-hiiio

was

l)n)\\scr

a

South Africa and on

range the square-mouthed

of discontinuous distrihution.

is

it

and feeds

or square-inoiithcd kind

Nile.

offers

It

is

now

purely a grazer.

an extraordinary

e.\aini)l('

known from South

originally

is

narrow stretch of

a

Africa,

south of the /aml)ezi, and was heliexcd to exist nowhere north of that river.
Then, when it had heen jjractically exterminated in South Africa, it was
rediscovered far to the north beyond the ecjuator.
of intervening territory

We

We

in the

collected a

and cows and one

calf.

Lado, the present

good

individuals and Kermit got

members

some

of the species.

<'xtent

fine

liahitat of this

huge

All

none

killed

tcjld

we saw

photographs, the

sa\"e

—

those abso-

thirty or forty

first

e\er taken of

Their eyesight was so dull and their brains

so lethargic that time and again

we

got within a score or so of feet and

watched indixiduals as long as we cared

They drank

immense

series of specimens, nine in all

Of course, we

lutely needed for scientific- j)urposes.

living

In the

has ne\er heen found.

spent over a month

sluggish ungulate.
bulls

it

to.

at night, either at the Xile or at

some

pool,

and then moved

back, grazing as they went, into the barren desolation of the dry comitry.

About nine o'clf)ck or thereabf)uts they lay down, usually under the scanty
In mid afternoon they rose and
of some half-leafiess thorn tree.
grazed industriously until sundown. But as with all game, they sometimes
Ordinarily we found the
varied their ti'nes of resting, eating and drinking.

shade

bulls singly and the cow along with her calf: but occasionally three or four
would go together. Cow herons frequently accoiii])anied them, as they do
elephants and buffaloes, perching unconcernedly on their heads and bodies.
They were not difl^icult to get as our trackers followed their trail with
little difficulty; and they seemed less excital)le and Ijad-tciiipcred than their

hook-lipped cousins, although on occasion they charge with deternn'nafion,
so that a certain

amount

of care

must be exercised

in dealing with

them.


lU

a

B

—

^

O

£

"C

5

—

'-'

r S 3
> i

c3

X 2 o

5>

-^

a

-

5

?t

2i

>

5

£

2

ic

Bef-

ore

i

c

^ w


A DINOSAUR
Hi/

TWO

years

Fiiirlidd Oshoni

the Jcsup I'liiid, tlic Miisciiiii cinic into
most unique specimen, (liscoNcicd in August, lOOS.

ayo, tlirou^li

possession of a
I)y tin-

Iliiirji

MUMMY

veteran

fossil

hunter ('harles H. Sternberg of Kansas.

a large herljivorous dinosaur belonging to the closing period of the
Reptiles,

and

is

known

to palaeontologists as Trdcluxloii, or

It

is

Age

of

more popularly

as the "duck-hilled dinosaur."

The

skel'»ton, or

hard parts of these

\"er\-

remai-kahle aiiimals has been

knovvn for over forty years, and a few speeinu'us had preserved with
small areas of the impressions of the epidermal covering, but
until the discovery of the Sternberg

outer covering of

the.se

specimen that a knowledge of the

dinosaurs was gained.

It

in a numl)er of cases these priceless skin impressions
in

remo\ing the

fossil

appears proi)able that

were mostly destroyed

specimens from their surroundings Ijecause the ex-

plorers were not expecting to find anything of the kind.

specimens have been discovered

in

The

it

as a dinosaur
(i.

far surpasses all the

yields a nearly complete picture of the outer covering.

reason the Sternberg specimen (Trachodon

preserved

Altogether seven

which these delicate skin impressions

were partly preserved, but the "trachodon nnunmy"
others, as

it

them

was not

"mummy"
e.

all

is

that in

all

aniit'cfrn.s)

nuiy be

known

the parts of the animal which are

except the hind limbs and the

tail)

the epidermis

is

shrunken around the limbs, tightly drawn along the l)ony surfaces and
contracted like a great curtain below the chest area. This condition of
the epidermis suggests the following theory of the deposition and i)reservation of this wonderful specimen, namely: that after d\ ing a natural
death the animal was not attacked or preyed upon by its enemies and the
body lay exposed to the sun entirely undisturbed for a long time, perhaps

upon a broad sand flat of a stream in the low-water stage; the nuisdes
and viscera thus became completely dehydrated, or desiccated by the action
of the sun, the epidermis .shrank around the limbs, was tightly drawn down
along all the bony surfaces, and became hardened and leatliery; on the
abdominal surfaces the epidermis was certainly drawn within the body
cavity, while

it

was thrown

into ereasc-s

and

folds alonu' the sides ot

body, owing to the shrinkage of the tissues within.

the

At the termination of

a possible low-water season, during which these processes of desiccation
took place, the "mummy" may have been caught in a sud

DUCK BILLED DINOSAURS
Fossil reptiles witii spreading

more or

aquatic existence.
Tlie jaws arc provided with
two thousand separate teeth

a

less

webbed

feet, conipri'ssecl tail

and duclv-likc

hill, idl

of wliicli indicate

Compare with

restoration, p. lit
a marvelous Krindinfi api)aratus comijoscfl of a

complex of more than


mimmy

nixosirn

.1

MUMMY

PORTION OF SKIN FROM TRACHODON

This roptile had neither scalis nor twny covering, but a thin epidiTinis made up
tubercles of two sizes, the larger size iiredoininating on surfaces exposed to tiie sun

down

the stream, and rapidly buried

with sufficient elements of
epidermal markinji;s l)efore

in a

bed of

fine river .sand

under the solvent action of the water.

In this

in a glass case, the visitor will be able

finer details of the ])attern,

either of the epidermis

itself,

pigmentation, or coloring,

The

intermingled

clay to take a perfect cast or mold of all the
any of the e[)idermal tissues had time to soften

way

tlie

cated with absolute distinctness, and as the specimen

even the

ol'

if

wliicli

by the

u.se

markin<>s were indi-

will

of a

soon

hand

eiitirel.\'

mounted

glass to study

although of course there
has

Ix-

is

no trace

di.sappeared, or of the

such existed.

discovery of this sj)ecimen discloses the fact that nitliongli attain-

ing a height

of

fifteen

trachodons were not

to sixteen

coNcred

with

feet

and

scales

;i

or

length
a

of

thirty

feet,

the

bony protecting arma-



tuiT,

with (Icrinal tulxTclcs of rcl;iti\cly

liiit

sliajH'

MM)

Ml

ni.xos.iL'n

.1

and

airaiiuciiiciit

species,

in (lilVcrciit

11

Narit-d

wliicli

size,

siikiII

and

in

that not inii)n)hal)ly asso-

ciated with this \arie(l epidermal pattern there was a \aried color |)attern.

The theory
tul)t'rcles

of a color jiattei'n

is

hased chielK

iinofi

the fact that the larj^er

concentrate and heconie more mnnerous on

the liody exposed to the snn, that

is,

all

th(»se poiiions of

on the outer sm'faces of the fore

hind hmhs, and appear to increase also

an
the sides of the l)od\ and to

aloiii;'

more concentrated on the hack. On the less ("Xposed areas, the under
hody and the inner sides of the limhs, the >maller tuhercles are

more mnnerous, the larger tul)ercles hi'ing reduced to small, ii-regtdarly
From analogy witii existing li/ards and snakes we ma\arranged patches.
sui)])ose. thercfori', that the trachodons presented a darker appearance when
l>c

side of the

.seen

from the hack and

The

appearance when seen from the

a lighter

thin cliaracter of the epidermis as revealed

hy

front.

specimen faxors

this

also the theory tliat these animals spent a large part of their time in the

water, which theory

terminates not

in

is

strengthened by the fact that the dimimiti\e fore limh

claws or hoofs, hut

in

a

i)road

extension of the skin,

reaching heyond the hngers and forming a kind of paddle.
wcl).

which cotmects

all

that the lower side of the fore limh

is

as delicate in

its

epidermal structiu'e

as the u])per, certainly tends to support the theory of the

than the walking or

This marginal

the fingers with eaeli other, together with the fact

swimming rather

terrestrial function of this fore paddle, as indicated in

the accoinj)anying i)reliminary restoration that was

One

Knight working mider the writer's direction.

made
is

ventional bipedal, or standing posture, while the other

is

Charles R.

l)y

drawn

the con-

in

(|uadrupedal

in a

pose, or walking {)osition, sustaining or balancing the fore part of the

on

a

muddy

surface with

its

fore feet.

In the distant water a large

body

nmnber

of the animals are disporting themselves.

The

designation of these animals as the

"

duck-bilh'd " dinosam-s in

reference to the l)roa
nection with the theory of acjuatic habitat.

limb

into

a

sort

of

paddle,

as

The coinersion

evidenced by

the Sternberg

in

con-

of the fore

specimen,

strengthens this theory.

This truly wonderful specimen, therefore, nearly doubles
insight into the hal)its

and

life

oiu'

j)revious

of a \ery remarkai)le grouj) of reptiles.


/Mifi^-r;'^?:-^ m:iJs6
IH SHIELDS.

SINGING AS THEY MARCH

INDUSTRY AND ART OF THE NEGRO RACE
TUV. EXHIBITION IN

THE MUSEUM's AFKRAN HALL ENKOKC ES NEW IDEAS

as to the (apactties of the negro race and reveals the

(irolnd on
re(;ardin(;

whkh are rased some new theories
the negro's relation to ivilization
(

Bii

Hohni

II.

I.oirir

DtTorative illustrations from Af'ricuii Hull frfscofs

WHILPy

a

few years

ajjo all

the

Museum's

Africa could ha\c l)een coin-eniently

accjuisition of

seemed
12

two unusually

to warrant the installation of a

larj;-e

iiall

l\v

Albert Opcrti

ethnological material from
])lace(l in a

few eases, the

collections from the Coufjo

especially devoted to African


cI lili()l()t;\

I

.

he

prcptiiKlcraiicc
tcrinl trmii

licr ri';;ii)ns

|)a rcii
i

iiia

on a

t

I

u

i

t

li

of Al'ricii

of

the
a|)-

:iii

(lispi-opor-

\\

of

anioiiiit

('

-

On^o

(

iicccssai'v

iii.idc

alldlnicnl

I

he

coiiiparcd

;is
(it

l

ur'cal

i>t'

space, a laru,c rcctaii-

center

U'lilararca in the

set aside for tliis

l)cin
|)in'])osc.

'I'liere

is

nieasnre

cci-tain

a

of

justification, lio\ve\ cr,
for

])roniinence

tile

tlius i;i\cn to a sinfjle
(

Tile

region.

'ongo

within

enihi-accs

its

houixlaries tribes represent

with special

inj;'

ch'arness the dcNclop-

ment

of negro culture

uninfluenced

as

extei-nal causes;

it

l)y

in-

chides not only (H\isions

of

tlie

Pygmy

race representing per-

haps the lowest of cultural stages to he found

hut also a

in Africa,

ber of Bantu-speaking negroes whose artistic work

may

num-

be fairly taken as

representati\-e of the capacities of the African natixcs.

The

plan of arrangement was designed

geographical.

The

to

be, as

neai'ly

south and west of the ('ongo arc to be placed ultimately
with reference to the large central rectangle;

position--

area

de\"oted

to

as possible,

as yet uninstalled collect ions from i)arts north, east,

the

(Ongo

a

geographical

similar

in

corresponding

within this central
])lan

was actually

followed as rigidly as the nature of the material and other practical conditions permitted.
l)y

a

.series

row
of

Thus, the

\

isitor

entering the African Hall

of cases e.xhibiting material

mats from the same

district

is

is

confronted

from the southern ("ongo, while a
stretched

in

frames above.

Passing

to the east, he finds along the eastern border of the central area the material

from the eastern ('ongo, while the spac(

,

as yet unoccupied,

between

this
13


row

and the windows

of cases

cated to East Africa.

perimeter of the

the

shields, battle axes

on


pillai's

is

to

dedi-

!)<

Mere, as tliroii^liout
(

'on^'o

area,

spears,

and other specimens are

or fastened

in

frames

al)()\"e

same territory.
device was hit upon to illus-

the cased material from the
.\

ratherno\'el

trate

])hases

of

natixc

actual specimens.

the Masai
liition of

on

milk

a nati\'e

jjresented

jufis,

hy

life

shown hy an

of

exhi-

and the crossing of a river

bridge cannot be very vi\idly

to a

the bridge.

can

as

adecjuatclx

Thus, the pastoral

not clearly

is

such

life

scarcely e\er he represented

xisitor

by

a cased section of

Similarly, the necessarily piece-

meal installation of garments and objects of
personal adormnent from some district hardly
])ermits the construction of a ])icture of the

fully-dressed warrior.

obtained

a

.Vccordiiigly, there

large series of staiidai'd

was

])h()to-

graphs illustrating various asj)ects of African
culture; from these, colored enlargements on
glass

were

window

])rej)are(l,

trans])arencies,
•

and

i)laced in the

which embrace

in

lower

These

frames as transparencies.

scope the

ntire African continent, supplementing the

material on exhibition, an' likely to
to

the

general public a

cou\'ey

clearer an
more

impressive pietin-e of aboriginal .\frican culture than could otherwise be hoped for.
I'ortioii

Al'rican

ol

Hall.

ti-anspari'ticy

Tlie shaved

So

in

head

and ahimdant neck and ear ornamciits arc typical of Kast Africa

itself

to

far as the exhibition
is

of

the material

concerned, especial care was taken

emphasize certain broad features which


the axfrauc l;iymaii

lint

is

not likely to associate with

whieh are iiexcftheless

in

the AtVieaii altori^iiics,

thehi^ihest dej'ree characteristic of thein as

SMALL SECTION OF AFRICAN HALL
Note: l''ri'sc()cs alorit; the t^alliTy al)ovo, a friczf spaniiiiifi Iho distance from
and colored traiisparoiic-ics in l\w windows produco a strong decorative
effe<-t in addition to corrclatiiifi sividly the teclinical exiiiliits in the cases with African life
and c.istoms. These plans for the hall are accredited to Director Hermon C. Bumpiis who also
is the originator of tlic idea carried out in tliis and in other halls as to the apportionment of
space.
That is, the space along the east and west sides of tiie African Hall from north to
south is destined to indicate the relative geographical distribution of the various tribes
around the great heart of Africa, the Congo. So that in walking the length of the hall along
the right, and back along the left, one may iJass in review .\frican industry, art and tribal
customs as if actually tra\eling north froni the ("ape of (iood Hope to the Mediterranean,
in other words, from the Mushmen
east of the Congo, and south again, west of the Congo
.Such a plan gives a
to the tril>es of the .Nile anil from the Sahara tribes to the Hottentots.

forceful and natural arrangement for tlu^ disi)o«ition of any collection of heterogenet)us matc^rials from a region.
The installation of the collections in the cases is the work of Kobert H.
Ivliioiial

pillar

to

|)illar

—

Lowii:, Assistant

Curator

in the

Department of

xVntliropology.