An account of the Crustacea of Norway V3-1 Cumaceae

AN ACCOUNT
TIIK

ol'

CRUSTACEA
OF

N O R WAY
WITH SHORT DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES

BY

SARS

G. O.
VOL.

Ill

CUMACEA
PART

I

&

II

CUMID^E, LAMPROPID^E (part)
WITH

16

AUTOGRAPHIC PLATES

BERGEN
PUBLISHED BY THE BERGEN MUSEUM
SOLD BY

ALB.

CAMMERMEYER'S FORLAG. CHR1STIAXIA
1899



INTRODUCTION.
and very peculiar group of Crustacea,
the systematic position of which has been much debated among zoologists, most
of the earlier authors referring them to the lower Decapods, whereas in recent

Ihe Cumacea form

a sharply-defined

The

time they have generally been placed close to the Isopoda.
materially from both of these groups, and should thus

(lifter

fact is that they

more properly be

consi-

dered as constituting a distinct order, occupying its place between the great divisions

Podophthalmia and Edriophthalmia.

that the embryonal development of the

Isopoda; but

shown by Dr. Dohrn,

It is true, inded, as first

Cumacea agrees very nearly with

in all other respects these

Crustacea exhibit, in

closer relationship to the Podophthalmia than to the Isopoda.
it

is

mon,

though

those

anatomical

external

the

of a

reflexed

palp

of the epipodite on the
in

some

of

the

which

characters

Schizopoda are

been

adduced

specially

and

different;

the cheliferous Isopoda,

1st pair of maxillipeds,

Schizopoda,

still

very

certainly

features in com-

as

even

proofs

of

the pre-

viz.,

on the anterior maxilla?, and the peculiar development

the recent arrangement of the
scarcely be supported.

have

Cumacea with

the near relationship of the

sence

is

appearance

my opinion, a much
Among the former,

Cumacea have many

with which the

chiefly the Schizopoda

that of the

On

e.

g.

may be found

Gnathophausia.

Cumacea

In

my

quite

as

distinct

therefore,

opinion,

as a sub-order of the Edriophtiialmia can

the other hand, I consider that the differences from the

great enough to forbid of the

Cumacea being included

in the

great division Podophthalmia.

Our knowledge of these singular Crustacea does not date from very
The first form recorded is probably that described by Lepechin in the
long ago.
year

1780,

genus

1

Oniscus scorpioides, which has turned out to be a species of the

Diastylis.

Colonel

author

as

Montagu,

Another

and designated by

erroneously believed
Crustacea.

Cumacean form was observed

that the

the

very

solitary

same

in

specific

the year

name;

specimen found was

1804 by
but

this

a defective


Decapod (Astacus) that had lost its head. In the year 1828, H. Milne-Edwards
observed apparently the same form, and established for its reception the genus

Cuma; and

is

it

from

this

Another genus, however,

genus that the name of the whole order

viz.

that of Diastylis,

is,

in

fact,

having been established by the American zoologist Say,
rather

of a

in the

still

is

derived.

earlier date,

year 1818.

It is

strange that the founder of the typical genus Cuma, H. Milne-Edwards,

subsequently altogether abandoned this genus, believing the form upon which

was founded

to

be

only a larval form of some higher Crustacean

roneous assumption was entertained by
the

many

Cumacea should be wholly discarded from

and

;

it

this er-

other authors, according to

whom

the zoological system, as only re-

animals.
Certainly both Kroyer and Goodsir. in the year
to be perfect animals, and added several new
the
Cumacea
showed
1841, clearly
species; but there was still for many years doubt among zoologists as to the

presenting immature

Thus Dana,

true nature of these Crustacea.

not include the Cumacea

in his

great work on Crustacea, did

at all in his carcinological system, urging in support of this

action a statement given in 1852 by the celebrated Prof. L. Agassiz,

who claimed

to

have witnessed the escape of true Cumacea from the ova of Hippolyte and other Carids.

Meanwhile the investigation of these problematical Crustacea was continued by
several distinguished zoologists, Kroyer, Sp. Bate, and Prof. Lilljeborg, and

them agreed

in absolutely

Cumacea

of

denying the larval nature of the Cumacea, giving most

convincing reasons for their opinion.
the

all

Notwithstanding

this,

were declared by a high authority, Prof. H.

immature animals, and were placed

in

the

same rank

as

even

in the

year 1858,

Milne-Edwards, to be
Phyllosoma, Erichtiis,

Zoea and other larval forms.

As

will

nowledgement

appear from the

Cumacea

of the

carcinological system,
first

is

above short historical account, the general ackas

perfect

animals worthy of being ranked in the

of comparatively recent date.

The number

detected was a very limited one, and they were generally

single genus,

Citma.

referred to a

Subsequently, a few additional genera were established, but

some of these have turned out
Sp. Bate comprised

all

of species at

all

to

be spurious, being founded only on the male sex.

the genera at that time established, within a single family,

that of the Diastylidw, which he believed to be nearly allied to the Stomatopoda.

by the investigation of several zoologists, the number of both
species and genera has considerably increased, and it accordingly appeared very

In

recent

desirable

times,

to

group together the several genera

division of the original family.

was made

in

the year

The

first

in

a suitable manner, by a sub-

attempt to

1879 by the present author,

effect

such a classification

who, in his account of the

Mediterranean Cumacea, arranged the 18 genera at that time known,

in 8 distinct

families,

('/ni/xlo',

viz.,

Vaunthompsoniidce,

followed

is

proposed,

yet

has been

Pl(tl//
the

in

established,

/)i
This classification, the only one as

except that one new family,

present account,
include

to

Leucui/i
/;<n>i.i>r<ij>i
Pseudociimiflw, Cumellidce and Campylaspidce.

the

anomalous genus Flaiyaspis,

formerly referred to the Lampropidce.

General characters of the Cumacea.

The external appearance of the Cumacea is quite particular and unlike that
The slenderness and extreme flexibility of the posterior
of any other Crustacea.
or

division

names

specific

division

In

is

from

off

much broader,

hibit

to

more than

the Edriophthalmia,

any sign

formation

of the

as

jects

more

a

to

bases of the antenna

1

nence
In

is

case

it is

applied

coalescing,

fissure

it

.

at

a

The

On

or

less

to the

of the

the

Podophthal-

which, only the cheliferous Isopoda ex-

carapace

by the fusion of the cephalon

structure of the carapace

In the greater

distinct

rostriform

number

is

very peculiar,

of forms,

prominence,

it

covering

prothe

a closer inspection, however, this rostrum-like promiin other Crustacea.

found to be composed of 2 juxtaposed lappets, which are generally
to

a

each

other

narrow

along the

fissure

dorsal

being always

line,

without,

however, in any

present between

them.

This

the base of the prominence, divides into 2 diverging rami, encompas-

Of course

the

forming the pseudorostral prominence, originate at the points where the

lateral fissures terminate,

its

tapers behind.

mesosome are exposed.

sing a bell-shaped dorsal area of the carapace, the frontal lobe.

lappets

The anterior

gradually

found to be very different from the so-called rostrum

all cases,

closely

cases

5 segments of the

anterior part.

its

regards

front

in

to the first

covered anteriorly by a well-defined car-

among
of

with the 1st pedigerous segment.
especially

other

in

Cumacea undoubtedly approach nearer

character, the

this

By

whereas

this division is

apace, behind which, never

mia than

rise

some cases exceedingly tumid, and sharply marked

in

tail,

known forms,

and has given

scorpioides (with a tail like a scorpion).

viz.,

slender

characteristic,

very

especially

given,

the

the

all

is

tail

carapace, which

frontal part.

and more properly represent the antero-lateral corners

are

developed

in

a very peculiar manner, to encompass

Below them, the anterior edges

form of a triangular lobe

;

of the carapace often project in

and from the sinus between these lobes and the

pseudorostral prominence, the antennae are seen to project.

The

lateral parts of

the carapace form a narrow duplicators below, turning abruptly inwards and limit-

ing the oral area, which

is

rather narrow.

of the body, as in the greater

nected with

it

number

along their edges,

They do not

loosely cover the sides

of the Podophthalmia, but are firmly con-

only leaving

3,

small

slit

on each side of the


4_

3rd pair of maxillipeds, for the entrance of the water into the branchial

On the carapace, 4 regions may be more or
cessive median,

and 2

Of these regions

lateral.

less

cavities.

2 suc-

distinctly distinguished,

the lateral ones occupy by far the

greater part of the carapace, and represent the branchial regions.

They extend
and
depth of the carapace, and draw closer together
throughout the whole length
a
narrow
as
to
leave
so
only
space in the middle, by which the 2 median
dorsally,
regions are connected.
as beneath
is

gion

these the anterior

may be termed

the stomachal part of the intestine

it

is

located.

the gastric region,

Anteriorly, this re-

very sharply defined by the above-mentioned diverging fissures encompasfrontal

the

sing

Of

distinct

lobe;

about

at

limit,

posteriorly,

the

it

gradually

contracts,

passing without any

middle of the carapace, into the posterior region.

This region occupies the posterior part of the dorsal face of the carapace, and
gradually widens somewhat

behind.

It

may be termed

cardiac region,

the

cause at any rate the anterior part of the heart, with the great artery-stems,

neath

its

the trunk, as stated above,

segments, the 1st of which, however,

is

is

generally composed of 5

sometimes (Cuma) almost wholly concealed,

Of

which case, only 4 such segments appear behind the carapace.

the

be-

posterior part.

The exposed part of

in

lies

be-

2nd and 3rd are the

largest,

and

are,

as a rule, firmly

the segments,

connected,

whereas

the 2 posterior segments are generally separated by thin-skinned interspaces, al-

lowing them comparative freedom of movement.
observable in most of the forms,

extant than in the females.

and

The epimeral

plates

in the adult males generally

are easily

appear more

In the last segment they sometimes project posteriorly

to spine-like processes.

The

tail

narrow cylindric

is

6 sharply defined segments,
ral plates

or

slightly

are

wanting

distinct

less

in

those

in

dilated distally,

in form, very flexible,

The epimethe adult male they are more

of which the penultimate

the female,

whereas in

and always composed of

is

the longest.

segments which carry pleopoda.

and carries

at the tip

The

last

segment

is

2 diverging biramous appendages,

some cases a median piece between them, the telson.
The integuments, in the greater number of the forms, are rather hard and

the uropoda, and in

brittle,

being strongly incrusted, and they exhibit a closely reticulated, or squamous

structure.

In some cases they project in

spine-like

processes (especially on the

carapace), or are thickly covered with strong hairs; but in other cases, they ap-

pear perfectly smooth.

The

eyes,

when

present, are, as a rule, united in a single

organ, which

occupies the end of the bell-shaped frontal lobe, appearing generally as a small
riodule, just

above the base of the pseudorostral prominence.

Only

in the

genus


are the eyes separated by a distinct

tx

the eyes

rather simple, and

is

elements, corresponding

peduncle, and 2

in

more or

less

number

of visual

corneal

refracting

more

of

fully devel-

in the females.

The superior antennae are rather

small, each consisting of a 3-articulate

diminutive flagella, the inner of which

The outer flagellum

lete.

of

In the adult male, they are generally

lenses of the integument.

oped than

they contain only a very limited

an equal number

to

The structure

interspace.

is

sometimes quite obso-

is

tipped with one or 2 slender sensory filaments, and

the adult male, an additional bundle of such filaments

is

generally attached to

the base of this flagellum.

The

whereas

mentary,
taining

inferior antennas are in the female, as a rule, very small

the

the

in

of the

length

and

rudi-

male they are greatly developed, generally

adult

at-

In structure, they resemble those in the

whole body.

male Phyllocarida and Amphipoda, each consisting of an angularly bent peduncle,
the

outer part of which

densely clothed with sensory fiaments,

is

and,

with the slender, niultiarticulate flagellum, extends straight backwards.

generally borne closely

together

They are

applied to the sides of the body, and thus easily escape

observation; but they admit of being
subservient to copulation.

moved from

this

position,

and are probably

This could be directly proved in the species of the genus

Lainprops, where they are used as true prehensile organs, to obtain a hold of the

female during copulation.

The

oral aperture

rounded anterior

is

is

(which

lip

bounded

in

and simple,

front by a generally small

more strongly developed only

genus Cam-

in the

and behind by a lamellar, bilobed posterior lip.
incrusted, and are in no case provided with

pylaspis),

The mandibles are strongly
They are

palps.

articulated to the inner side of the carapace just at the points

where the diverging

fissures

encompassing the frontal

extended obliquely in front.

and they are

lobe, terminate,

The masticatory part

divided into 2 diverging

is

rami, the anterior representing the cutting part, the posterior the molar expansion.

The

latter,

number

in the greater

of forms,

is

exhibits at the end a finely fluted triturating surface.

rather thick, cylindric, and

The former has generally

a dense series of curved spines immediately behind the cutting edge.

The anterior
and

basal,

truncated
straight

the
tip

maxilla? exhibit the 2 usual incurved lobes, the masticatory

former being much the stronger,

with

backwards,

short

spines.

terminating in

into the branchial cavity.

lamprops and Plati/aspis.

It is

The palp

is

and armed

peculiarly

one or 2 band-like

wanting

in

2 of the

at

the

modified,

bristles,

obliquely

and turned

which

known genera,

viz.,

project

Par-


6

The posterior

and simple

maxillae are rather small

As

resembling those in the Isopoda.

the

in

somewhat

in structure,

they carry at the end out-

latter,

side,

2 small movable lamellae, which partly overlap each other, and are clothed

with

incurved

palp,

may more

lamellae,

which have often been described as the

properly represent the modified masticatory lobe, as suggested
In

Boas.

Dr.

by

These

spines.

the

genus

Campylaspis, however,

are

these lamellae

wholly

wanting.

Behind these true
both

oral parts there are 3 pairs of limbs,

from arrangement and function, appear

and which

Cumacea

ought to be

accordingly

other hand,

the

termed

be

the

are

number

which, judging

subservient to mastication,

In

maxillipeds.

very materially from the Edriophthalmia,

differ

than one pair of maxillipeds
on

to

this

respect

the

which never more

in

In the higher Crustacea (Decapoda),

found.

of maxillipeds

normally the same as in the

is

Cumacea.

The

pair of these maxillipeds

end of the basal

the

inside

1st

and

rather short

joint a short conical lobe,

To

modified spines and bristles.

is

exhibiting

stout,

with peculiarly

clothed

the base of these limbs the remarkable branchial

movably appended, so as to admit of being swung freely within the
As shown elsewhere by the present author, this aproomy branchial cavities.
paratus is composed of the modified epipodite and exopodite, the former occupyapparatus

is

ing the greater part of the apparatus, and carrying inside

the true gill-elements

it

form of densely crowded lamellae, or more scattered digitiform

in the

of

exopodal portions

sacs.

The

the apparatus extend straight forwards, and together form

a funnel-shaped tube, through which the water introduced into the branchial cavities

by the oscillatory movements of the epipodal
portions.
They are to some extent connected with the latter at the base, and their
extremities are closely applied to each other, admitting of being exserted from the tip
certain

is

at

of

the

intervals

expelled

pseudorostral projection.

In some cases,

which work as a valve by alternately opening and closing the anterior

lamellae,

aperture leading to the branchial cavities.

long delicate tube,

which
here

is

has

been

examination, I

this

Mysidae)

which

which

is

and

in [the

peculiarly

at

the tip by

by

must

insist

is

still

its

own

elasticity.

some recent authors

contested

singular apparatus

In other cases, they form together a

admits of being protruded and again withdrawn, and

opened and closed

given

careful
to

they terminate in 2 incrusted

on

its

;

correctness.

The explanation
but

after

renewed

Anything analogous

only found in the Schizopoda (Lophogastridae and

cheliferous

Isopoda;

but in these

modified for branchial purposes,

part carry true gill-elements, as in the Cumacea,

it

is

only the

epipodite

and in no case does

this


The 2nd

pair

and also more simple

of maxillipeds
in

At

structure.

much more slender than

is

the ovigerous females, are fringed with

appended,

which,

in

together a

broad

fan,

the 1st pair,

their base, 2 small rounded lamellae are

long setae forming

which projects within the incubatory cavity.

It is

some-

what doubtful whether these lamella? should be regarded as the epipodites or as
a pair of modified incubatory plates.

The

3rd pair of maxillipeds are considerably larger than

of

any

the

preceding pairs, and, as a rule, more or less completely cover all the other oral parts
below. The basal joint is very large ard curved, being sometimes produced at the end
In

outside to alinguiform setiferous lobe.

vided

base

the

at

with

well

the

all

known forms,

number

the 2nd pair of

of forms, also

carry similar appendages;

and

and

developed natatory exopodites;

the case with the next succeeding pair of limbs (the 1st

greater

these limbs are pro-

in the adult

legs,

of

pair

this is also

In the

legs).

sometimes, too, the 3rd pair,

males the entire number of

legs, with

exception of the last pair, are, as a rule, provided with well-developed natatory exopodites, only the family

Cumidce forming an exception

these appendages

another character by which the Cumacea

is

from the Edriophthalmia, and

in

The presence of

in this respect.
differ

very materially

which they evidently approach much nearer to

the lower Podophthalmia (Schizopoda).

As regards
is

higher Crustacea,

number

of which, accordingly, as in the

only 5 pairs) are rather simple,

none of them being cheliform or

structure, the legs (the

The

even subcheliform.

1st

generally the largest, and somewhat resem-

is

pair

bles in structure the 3rd pair of maxillipeds

below the carapace,

extend forwards

generally projecting far beyond

its

but they are

;

much more

slender.

They

with their outer, doubly geniculated part

extremity.

These legs seem to act

chiefly as

a sort of imperfectly developed preying organs, and for conveying food to the mouth.

The 4 remaining
Of these
legs.

the

what intermediate

anterior pair

in structure

as also in the maxillipeds, the

Only

in

the

Of the

on dissection,
leg.

It

The basal

is,

differs

from the other

slightly

between them and the 1st

normal number of

7 joints

2nd pair does a fusion of 2 of the

sometimes take place, whereby
ticulate.

this

joints, the coxal

it is

pair, in

one

is

pair.

may

fossorial

3,

being some-

In

all

the legs,

generally be found.

joints (the basal

and

ischial)

such cases, appears to be only 6-ar-

so firmly connected with the body, that,

generally separated from

however,

joint,

more properly,

pairs of legs are the true pereiopoda, or

its

connection with the other part of the

always present, though often of very inconsiderable

on the other hand,

those legs which are provided

with

is

by far the largest of

natatory

exopodites,

is

all

size.

the joints, and in

considerably dilated


to receive the strong muscles
in the adult

For

moving these appendages.

this

reason the legs

males often appear very unlike those in the females.

The pleopoda are always wanting in the female, and sometimes
male also; but more generally the adult male possesses them either on
caudal segments except the

last,

or at least on

some

in the
all

the

of the anterior segments.

These limbs are rather small, with the rami very short, and never composed of

more than

and carrying

2 joints,

the

at

tip

long ciliated

In some cases

setse.

the rami are coalesced or quite rudimentary.

often

The uropoda generally have the basal part very slender and elongated,
much longer than the rami. The latter are narrow, styliform, and the in-

ner one often densely spinulous inside.

The

telson

is

only fully

developed in 3 of the

Lampropidce, Platyaspidce and Diastylidce.

8

families,

In the Pseudocumidce

it

is

the

viz.,

certainly

present, but only as a rudiment.

The sexual dimorphism
males looking, as a

rule,

Cumacea

of the

very pronounced, the

is

adult

very different from the females, both as regards their

outward appearance and the structure of the several appendages, whereas the
young, not yet sexually developed males on the whole closely resemble the females.
This

circumstance

has caused

confusion, and has given rise to the estab-

much

lishment of several spurious genera, even in quite recent times.

Of the inner organisation and development of the Cumacea, a detailed
I will here only remark
account will be given at the close of this work.
that the structure of the various internal organs, which

that

in

the

The embryonal

zopoda (Mysidse).

agreement with that
with

that

agrees fully

Isopoda,

of the

in the

Isopoda

as

well

with

is

that
also

development

said to resemble closely

found

the

in

exhibits

many

Mysidce and Lopliogastridce, though the
is

perhaps

still

lower Schipoints

of

resemblance

The embryos undergo

more obvious.

metamorphosis within a roomy marsupial pouch formed by 4 pairs of thin
plates issuing from the bases of the 3rd pair of maxillipeds and the 3 anterior

their

pairs

of

Isopoda,

legs.
still

On

escaping from the marsupium, the young, like those of the

want the

last pair of legs.

In occurrence, the Cumacea are exclusively marine, and, on the whole, true
bottom-forms, though the more agile adult males of some species
times

swarming near the

surface,

littoral or sub-littoral in their

are pronounced

especially

occurrence

;

at

night.

Some

water exploration

in

every part

of

has been instituted,

at

of the forms are

but by far the greater number of species

deep-water forms, descending to the greatest

Cumacea are found

may be found

the

ocean,

these

and

peculiar

as

far

depths
north

explored.
as

deep-

Crustacea have been met


Indeed, in the Arctic Ocean they seem to reach their

with rather plentifully.

huge Dlastylis Goodsiri being more than an inch

the

of development,

The occurrence of Cumacea
is

in the

in length.

by the present author,

Caspian Sea, as stated

The fauna

of considerable interest.

maximum

of this large basin also exhibits in other respects

a pronounced marine character, and undoubtedly has originally been derived
the Ocean,

Of
the

when long ago an open communication existed.
the 9 families into which the Cumacea are divided,
are

Vaunfhompsomidce,

fauna

the

in

represented

of

from

except one.

all,

Norway, and

will

be

treated of below.

Fam.
Characters.

some cases rather

in

Body

Cumidae.

1.

short,

others

in

very

with no sharp demarcation between the anterior and posterior divisions.

on each side below the pseudo-rostral

comparatively large, with a distinct notch
projection; the latter

more or

segment

more

or less distinct, in

concealed.

less

Eye

some cases wanting.
or wanting.

distinct

1st pedigerous

Superior antenna?

with the flagella very short, the inner one, as a rule, rudimentary.
tenna? in female very small, scale-like, biarticulate

the flagellum filiform and

;

in

male well developed, with

densely crowded together in a straight series.
very large, with the joints

more

or less expanded.

both sexes simple, without natatory exopodites.
the caudal segments except the last.

Remark*.

This

family

is

3rd pair of maxillipeds generally

The 4

posterior pairs of legs in

Pleopoda

in

male present on

Uropoda with the outer ramus

prominently

distinguished

in

is

2

will

one of the

other

families,

Of these the

be characterised below.

Crustacea.

The male, on

provided with 5 well-developed pleopoda, a number which

as yet comprises 6 genera, viz.,

and Stephanomma.

biarticulate,

by the absence in

both sexes of natatory exopodites on the 4 posterior pairs of legs.
the other hand,

all

Telson wanting.

the inner uniarticulate or biarticulate.

and

Oral parts

Branchial apparatus well developed, with the gill-elements leaf-like and

normal.

found

Inferior an-

of numerous, short articulations.

composed

slender,

Carapace

viz.,

the

Vaimthompsoniidw.

is

only

The family

Cumci, Iphinoe, Cydaspis, Cyclaspoides, Cumopsis
first

3

are represented in the fauna of Norway,

&en.

Cuma,

1.

Bodotria. Goodsir (male).

Syn:

Generic Characters.

M.-Edw., 1828.

of female

Body

less

Carapace not at

guments strongly incrusted, squamous.

in male.

slender than
all

Inte-

vaulted above, slightly

carinated along the middle, sides sculptured with one or 2 carinse, pseudo-rostral
projection

but distinct.

short,

1st

pedigerous segment ^conspicuous, being

most wholly concealed; 2nd segment very
male than

Eye

large.

distinct,

much

al-

larger in

Superior antennse with the outer flagellum Inarticulate and

in female.

Infeknob-like.
carrying 2 sensory filaments, inner flagellum quite rudimentary,
rior antennse in female with 3 plumose seta? of the basal joint; those in male

Posterior

equalling the body in length.
at the tip

and

equal apical

finely ciliated.

with the lateral lobes narrowly rounded

lip

Palp of anterior maxillse very slender, with 2 un-

3rd pair of rnaxillipeds with the basal joint expanded at the

setse.

1st pair of legs not

end outside to a large linguiform lobe.

2nd pair with the basal and ischial
small, and but sparingly setiferous.

much prolonged;

joints coalesced; the 3 posterior pairs rather

Uropoda with the rami much shorter than

the basal part, the inner one uniarticulate or biarticulate.

Remarks.

This genus

and indeed of the
derived.

It

is

may be regarded
from

recognised

easily

from

as

whole", order,

it

as the type of the family Cumidse

the

the

name

other

generally used has been

genera

comprised

in

this

by the greatly incrusted, squamous integuments, the form and sculpture

We
of the carapace, and the almost wholly concealed 1st pedigerous segment.
family,

know
will

as yet of only 4

of which

species, 2

belong to the fauna of Norway, and

be described below.

l.

Cuma

seorpioides, (Mont.).
(PI. i,

ii,

m.)

Cancer (Astacus) scorpioides, Montagu, Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. IX,

Syn:

p. 70, PI. VI, fig. 5.

Cuma Audouini, M.-Edw.
Bodotria arenosa, Goodsir (male).

Cuma
Specific Characters.

division

back.

oblong

oval

in

Body
form,

of

pusilla, G. 0. Sars.

female moderately

and,

like

the

tail,

slender,
slightly

with

keeled

the anterior

along

the

Carapace about the length of the exposed part of the trunk, and exhibiting

on each

side,

somewhat above the middle, a very conspicuous, horizontal carina

extending from the lower side of the pseudo-rostral projection to the hind edge;

11

upper margin straight, lower strongly arcuate, pseudo-rostral projection short but
1st pedigerous

distinct.

segment only

visible in

epimeral parts; 2nd segment

its

rather large, but scarcely elevated above the level of the carapace, and exhibit-

marked carina meeting

ing on each side a well

much

segments

Eye

that of the carapace; the last 2

preceding ones, and rather widely separated.

smaller than the

both sexes with 8 distinct corneal lenses.

in

than the carapace, basal joint rather broad in

1st pair of legs scarcely longer

its

proximal part, and much longer

combined; 2nd pair moderately curved, with

than the succeeding joints

spines on the terminal joint.

in length

Uropoda exceeding

3 apical

the last 2 segments

combined, rami scarcely half the length of the basal part, the inner one uniarti-

edge serrate and carrying 3 ciliated spinules,

culate, with the inner

truncate

and

armed with

2

tip

narrowly

Adult male much more slender

unequal spinules.

than female, with the carapace comparatively larger, and the pedigerous segments
less

tumid

;

caudal segments with distinct epimeral plates

band across the carapace

uropoda clothed inside

Colour yellowish brown, with a whitish trans-

the basal part with ciliated setse.

versal

;

in front of the

Length of female rea-

middle.

ching to 7 mm., that of male about the same.

Remarks.

This

probably the form at

is

Cancer scorpioides, though

his description

Cuma Andoumi seems

Milne-Edwards as

and Bodotria arcnosa of Goodsir
recorded by the

present
of

a

author

this

young specimen
known species, from the

is

figure would equally well apply

to be identical with

Cuma

as

It

to

Montagu's species,

The form

unquestionably the male.

species.

fact

recorded by Montagu as

first

The form subsequently described by

very nearly allied species.

the succeeding,

late,

and

is

that the inner

now consider

I

vusilla,

distinct

quite

from

the

ramus of the uropoda

at first

to be only

is

3

other

uniarticu-

instead of biarticulate.
Occurrence.

I

have met

with

this

form

in several

places, both

south and west coasts of Norway, up to Appelvser in Namdal.
curs at a few
itself

males

fathoms'

depth on

a sandy

bottom,

which

in

with great dexterity, so as wholly to escape attention.
(Bodotria)

are

much more

on the

It

generally oc-

is

able to bury

it

As

usual, the adult

agile than the females, swimming about with

great rapidity, especially with the aid of the well-developed pleopoda.
the indurated integuments, the flexibility of the

body

in

both sexes

is

In spite of
very great,

the tail admitting of being twisted in various directions.
Distribution.

Kattegat (Meinert).

British

Isles

(Montagu),

coast

of

France

(M.-Edwards),


12

Cuma

2.

Edwardsii, Goodsir.
ni).

(PI.

Cuma

Edwardsii, Goodsir, Edinburgh

New

Characters.

Journal 1843, Vol.

Cuma

Syn:

Specific

Phil.

PI. 2, p. 123, figs.

113.

Audouini, Bell.

of female

Body

XXXIV,

very like that of the type species,

but somewhat shorter and thicker, with the 2nd pedigerous segment more sharply
carinated dorsally, and somewhat elevated above the level of the carapace.

poda scarcely longer than the
ceeding
distal

half

the

rather

joint

short,

caudal segments combined, rami slightly ex-

last 2

of the

length

basal part, the inner one distinctly biarticulate,
serrate inside

coarsely

apical spines, proximal joint with 4 spinules inside.

der than female, and very like
ing the inner

ramus

of the

that,

uropoda

Of

Length

of adult female scarcely

mm.
by Goodsir, a detailled description

species established

this

Colour light yellow,

biarticulate.

distinctly

mm., that of male reaching to 6

Remarks.

and carrying 2 rather strong
Adult male much more slen-

of C. scorpioides, though, like the female, hav-

with scattered patches of a darker brownish hue.

exceeding 5

Uro-

with figures has been given by the present author in his account of the Mediter-

ranean Cumacea.
easily

be

is

may

a

closer

be found to

comparison,

exist.

Of

however, some

at

may

marked

these, the different structure of the

This species seems to be very rare

off

have only found a few specimens, some in Rsekefjord,

some

well

it

especially very obvious.

Occurrence.
I

On

confounded.

specific differences

uropoda

very nearly allied to the type species, with which

It is

Skudesnses,

north

of Stavanger.

those in which the type species
Distribution.

British

is

the Norwegian coast.

south coast of Norway,

They occurred

in

similar localities to

found.

Isles (Goodsir),

coast

of France

(Bonnier), Medi-

terranean at Syracuse, Naples and Spezia (the present author).

Gen.

IphinOe,

2.

Syn:

Sp. Bate,

1856.

Halia, Sp. Bate.
Venilia, Sp.

Bate (male).

Cyrianassa, Sp. Bate (male).

Iphithoe,

Generic

Characters.

Integuments rather

thin.

Body

Carapace

Norman.

slender,
in

subcompressed,

carinated

dorsally.

female generally cristated dorsally,

but

13

without lateral

keels

;

antero-lateral corners in female acutely produced, in male

obtuse; pseudo-rostral projection rather

veloped

Eye

exposed dorsally.

stinctly

in

mah

1

1st

prominent.
in both

distinct

Superior antenna of exactly same structure
1

.

segment

pedigerous

di-

much more

fully de-

in the 2 sexes,

peduncle

sexes, but

rather slender, flagella extremely small, the outer one tipped with a single large,
Inferior antennae in female with 4 plumose seta; on

annulated sensory filament.

the proximal joint; those in male about as in

Cuma.

Posterior

C'innn.

with the la-

3rd pair of maxillipeds, as

teral lobes coarsely dentate at the anterior corners.
in

lip

having the basal joint produced at the end outside to a rather prominent

linguiform lobe; moral joint likewise forming outside a broad lamellar expansion,
fringed

with,

naked;

the

than in

Cuma; 2nd

1st

setse.

strong plumose

of legs rather slender and nearly

pair

remaining pairs comparatively short,

and

pair with the basal

and

ischial

more densely

setiferous

coalesced.

Uropoda

joints

rather strongly built, with the basal part spinulose inside, inner ramus distinctly

proximal joint short and thick, distal one slender linear, both densely

biarticulate,

spinulose inside.

Remarks.

This genus was established by Sp. Bate, to include the CUHHI.

trisi>iuo*f( of Goodsir.

priated,

it

The generic name

Two

other generic

Venilia and Cyrianassa, ought

on the adult male of this
the

proposed, Halia, being already appro-

was subsequently changed by the same author

erroneously spelt Iphithoe).
viz.,

first

same family

as

Cuma,

to

to

that author,

be wholly withdrawn, being only 'founded

The genus, though evidently belonging

species.

quite distinct from the latter

is

(sometimes

Iphinoe

names proposed by

to

by the very slender

form of the body, the thin integuments, and the clearly exposed 1st pedigerous
segment.
of

the

the

Moreover the structure
other

present

also

appendages
author

has

described

Hansen has recently added

3

of the

exhibit
3

antennae

well

species

7

in

rather peculiar, and some

differences.

Of

this genus,

from the Mediterranean, and Dr.

other species from the

making, together with the type species,

is

marked

all.

longs only the type species, to be described below.

German Plankton-Expedition,
To the fauna of Norway be-


14

3.

Iphinoe trispinosa, (Goodsir).
(PI.

Cuma

trispinosa, Goodsir, Edinburgh

Syn:

New

V

&

VI.)

Phil. Journal 1843, Vol.

XXXIV,

17.

p. 126, PI. Ill, figs.

Halia trispinosa, Sp. Bate.
Venilia gracilis, Sp. Bate (male).
Cyrianassa

gracilis, Sp.

Bate (male).

Iphithoe trispinosa, Norrnan.
Iphinoe gracilis, Meinert.

Specific Characters.

Carapace

somewhat elevated

edge

both sexes extremely slender and elongated.

in

Body

in female scarcely longer than the

closely-set denticles;

the

in

exposed part of the trunk,

and

middle,

pseudo-rostral projection

at

place armed with

this

rather

its

prominent,

upper
or 4

3

and

horizontal

the tip,
antero-lateral corners triangular.
produced
Carapace of
male quite smooth above and having the antero-lateral corners blunted. 1st peat

acutely

segment

digerous

covered

partly

the

at

dorsal part, however, quite conspicuous.

than

anterior

the

division.

Eye

sides

by the succeeding segment,

Tail, not including the

male much more

in

female, with the corheal lenses exceedingly prominent.
last

joint

of

inner

gellum very short, uniarticulate,
of male

Inferior antennas

with

the

outer

basal joint

equalling the

developed than in

fully

Superior antenna? with the

much

smaller,

body

in length.

about twice the length of the

fla-

but distinctly biarticulate.

3rd pair of maxillipeds

succeeding joints combined,

about 10 plumose

with

ineral joint

of

expansion

uropoda, longer

peduncle almost twice as long as the preceding one, outer

the

its

1st pair of legs

seta?.

scarcely longer than the carapace, basal joint about the length of the succeeding
joints

2nd pair of

combined;

legs shorter than the 3rd,

last joint

its

about the

length of the 2 preceding joints combined; this pair, as also the 3 posterior ones,

Uropoda with the basal part in female
male with numerous short ciliated bristles; inner

rather abundantly supplied with bristles.

armed with about 10
ramus a
of

the

little

rather

distal

spinules, in

shorter than the outer,

and armed inside with

one,

Body

strong.

proximal joint scarcely half the length

its

5

spines,

the outermost of which

is

without any distinct pigmentary ornament.

straw-coloured,

Length of adult female reaching to 10 mm., that of male somewhat less.
Remarks. The female of this species was first described by Goodsir as

Cuma

trispinosa,

wards changed
not

recognise

name
lished

of

and subsequently included by Sp. Bate

to
it

Iphinoe.
as

such,

Sp.

Bate

describing

also

by Norman

as

/.

serrata.

as

it

Venilia (Cyrianassa) gracilis.

Of

A

observed

in his

the

the type of a

male, but

did

new genus under

the

adult

very closely-allied

this

form, a

genus Halia, after-

species was estab-

detailed

description

with


15

figures has

been given by the present author

Cumacea, but

was

it

sir's species, as

some other

also in

Of

the

form, a single adult male was found by the present

this

the year 1875 at Flekkcro, near Christiansand.

in

figured in PI. V.

is

armature of the carapace, but

structural details.

Occurron-r.

author

regard this form as specifically distinct from Good-

slightly differs, not only in the

it

mens kindly

sent to

Distribution.

This specimen, which

only proof of the occurrence of the present form on"

the

is

coast.

Norwegian

Mediterranean

at that time regarded as only a variety of the type species.

I ain inclined to

Now, however,

in his account of the

The

figures of the female here given are

me by

from British speci-

the late David Robertson.

France (Bonnier), Kattegat

British Isles (Goodsir), coast of

(Meinert).

Gen.

3.

CyClaSplS,

Generic Characters.

G. 0. Sars, 1864.

slender and elongated, with the anterior divi-

Body

sion rather tumid in front, but abruptly tapered behind.

careous.

cal-

Carapace very large and deep, being strongly vaulted dorsally, pseu-

do-rostral projection small or obsolete.

both dorsally and laterally.

Tail

1st pedigerous

segment wholly concealed

exceeding in length the anterior division, last

segment rather elongated and obtusely produced behind.
Superior antennae with

ing.

Integuments hard,

the

flagella

Eye present

or want-

very small, the outer one Inarticulate

and tipped with 2 very slender sensory filaments, the inner rudimentary, knob-like
Inferior antennte in female with only 2 plumose setse of the proximal joint; those

male shorter than the body.

in

the

tip,

joint
1st

larly

and armed with lamellar

very large,

pair

Posterior

of

legs

expanded.

pair with the

full

and produced

teeth.

at

the

lip

with the lateral lobes incurved at

3rd pair of maxillipeds with the basal

end outside

to

a broad setiferous lobe.

slender, but having the proximal part of the basal joint laniel-

The remaining pairs very small and but sparingly setous; 2nd
number of joints. Uropoda comparatively short, with both rami

lanceolate, the outer biarticulate, the inner uniarticulate.

Remarks.
1864,
3

This genus was established by the present author in the year

to include a peculiar

other

species,

deep-water Cumacean found

off the

Norwegian

coast.

undoubtedly belonging to the same genus, were added by him


from the Challenger Expedition, and recently Mr. G. Thomson
a

New Zealand

scribed
is

species,

the

by

C.

On

Icevis.

from

author

present

the
the

other hand,

the

lias

Mediterranean as Cyclaspis cornigera

scarcely congeneric, and, indeed, this form has recently been

French zoologist Jules Bonnier,
the

to

longing

present genus

is

Norwegian species

new genus.

included by the

The

Cyclaspoides.

species be-

are easily recognized by the peculiar form of the

carapace, the long and slender
single

in a

made known

anomalous form de-

and the structure of the uropoda.

tail,

Only a

known.

as yet

Cyclaspis longieaudata, G. 0. Sars.
(PL vii & vm.)

4.

Om

Cyclaspis lonyicaudata, G. 0. Sars.
Arter.

den aberrante Krebsdyrgruppe Cumacea og dens nordiske

Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1864, p. 82.

Carapace of female very large and tumid, almost
and
form,
perfectly smooth, with the upper margin boldly vaulted,

Specific Characters.
in

globose

pseudo-rostral projection distinct,

marked;

that

adult

in

though rather

much

male

less

sub-rostral

short,

incisions well

deep and more evenly vaulted above,

pseudo-rostral projection less prominent, antero -lateral corners blunted.

1st pedi-

all; 2nd segment well developed; the 3 succeeding
Tail exceedingly slender and elongate, much longer

gerous segment not visible at

ones

narrowing

than

the

abruptly.

anterior

division,

as

last

all

segments contracted

the

as

the

long
segment nearly
and considerably produced behind.

in

their anterior part;

preceding one, gradually widening distally,

Eye wholly

absent.

Superior antenna; with

sensory filaments of the outer flagellum extremely elongate

the

with an additional bundle of such filaments at the base of the
of anterior maxillse with a single apical seta.

2nd pair

;

those in male

flagellum.

Palp

of maxillipeds with the

basal joint unusually large, lamellar, and coarsely denticulated in the distal part

3rd pair of maxillipeds with the basal joint strongly developed,

of the outer edge.

being more than twice as long as the succeeding joints combined, and angularly

bent

in

the

middle; terminal expansion very large, reaching beyond the meral

1st pair of legs exceeding the carapace in length, basal joint large

joint.

mellarly

in the middle,

expanded

joint the longest;

and

la-

terminal part very slender, with the propodal

2nd pair longer than the succeeding

pairs,

and terminating

in

Uropoda in female scarcely longer than the last segment,
basal part very short and perfectly smooth, rami twice the length of the former
and sub-equal, both terminating in a sharp point, the inner one without spines or
4

diverging

setse

;

those

spines.

in

adult

male considerably more slender, basal part much longer


17
than in female, and carrying inside 7 ciliated bristles, inner ramus armed inside
with a dense

row of

mm., of male 7

reaching to 8

It<'irkx.

exceedingly tumid,

From
and

the other

and the

This is

an easily recognizable form, highly remarkable for the
carapace, and the slender and elongated

species

at once distinguished

is

it

tail.

by the perfectly smooth

the distinctly projecting pseudorostral prominence,

carapace,

absence of eye.

total

Length of female

mm.

almost globose

known

vaulted

boldly

Colour pure white.

small, ciliated spinules.

Moreover,

structure of the several appen-

in the

dages several well-marked differences are to be found.
I first detected

Occurrence.

and

subsequently met with

have

it

coast, for instance in the

sund

Christiansund.

It

depths of more than 100 fathoms.

Lofoten Islands,

other places on the

several

deep-water form,

notice.

at Aale-

being only found

Of the adult male, only a

come under my

that here figured, has

off the

Trondhjem and Hardanger Fjords,

a true

is

in

occasionally

Norwegian
and

form

this interesting

Young males

in

solitary specimen,

are, however, almost

as frequent as females.

Off the

Distribution.

Atlantic (Valorous Exp.),

Spanish coast (Porcupine Exp.) and in the North
both places,

in

according to the Rev. A. M. Norman,

in

very considerable depths, down to 1450 fathoms; Gulf of Gascogne (Bonnier)

in

960 metres.

Fam.
Characters.
that

of the

Cumidce.

2.

Body more

Lampropidae.
or

less

latter

small.

generally very

segment truncated

caudal
present

or

wanting.

4 or

5

maxilla3

than

usual,

Crustacea.

Cara-

being

bisetose,

in

segment well

as

with
Inferior

large

as

both

flagella

antenme
the

in

superior,

Oral parts on the whole normal.
in

some

cases

wholly

wanting.

Last

defined.

and carrying a well-developed

length.

nearly

below the pseudorostral projection;

pedigerous

antennae

Superior

successive joints.
short,

1st

behind,

oped and not very unequal

mentary

form

in

Integuments, as a rule, thin, distinctly squamous.

pace, as a rule, rather small, with no sinus
the

somewhat resembling

slender,

telson.

distinctly

Eye
devel-

female less rudi-

and divided

into

Palp of anterior

Branchial

apparatus


18

less

developed than in the

fully

elements

branchial

Cnmidce,

3rd pair of maxillipeds with the outer corner

form.

1st

produced.
with

the

number

full

natatory

of legs

pair

exopodites

generally

of joints,

scattered,

basal

digiti-

in female with a small biarticulate ap-

All the legs in male, except the last,

Pleopoda

in

male generally present on the

3 anterior caudal segments, more rarely wholly wanting as in the female.

3-articulate.

stinctly

The forms belonging

Remarks.
from

ramus always longer than the
Telson with more than 2 apical spines.

the

Cumidoe

2

in

Moreover
in

of

other

the

families,

and uropoda

case in the Cumidce, in

the

is

and the Diastylidce.

the Platyaspidce

viz.,

the structure of the antennae

pair,

di-

by the presence of a well-developed telson, a character only

hand, unlike what
last

and

resemblance in the general

is

no case are there more than 3 pairs of pleopoda

the

outer,

Uro-

to this family are at once distinguished

which they bear considerable

to

form of the body
found

the inner

with

slender,

very

pocla

not

joint

both sexes provided with well developed

pendage near the base (rudimentary exopodite).
provided with natatory exopodites.

the

2nd pair likewise slender,

very slender;

and 4th pairs

3rd

;

and

in

of

essentially different,

in the male.
this

sex

all

On

and

the other

the legs, except

are provided with well-developed natatory exopodites.

The family

Of
viz., Lamprops, Hemilamprops and Paralamprops.
2 are represented in the fauna of Norway, and will be

comprises, as yet, 3 genera,
these genera, the

first

treated of below.

Gen.
Generic

LamprOpS,

1.

Characters.

Body

less

G. 0. Sars, 1862.

slender than

in the

other genera,

with

and posterior divisions more sharply marked of from each other.
Carapace of moderate size, upper margin straight, pseudorostral projection more
or less prominent, antero-lateral corners obtuse.
2nd and 3rd pedigerous seg-

the

anterior

ments

rather

large,

with

broad epimeral

plates.

Tail, exclusive of the caudal

appendages, scarcely longer than the anterior division.
distinct

corneal lenses.

much

shorter

1st pair of legs of

well developed, with

Superior antenna? with the flagella not much elongated,

the outer one in female 3-articulate,

male

Eye

than the body,

the

and

inner biarticulate.
in

Inferior antennas in

some cases pronouncedly prehensile.

moderate length; 2nd pair not much smaller.

Pleopoda

in


19

Dropoda with the basal part and inner ramus spinulose

male altogether wanting.

Telson sublaminar, tapering distally,

inside.

in

the

1862, and

year

Lamprops

1.

fasciata,

(PI.

G.

.

Sars, Xoolog. Reise

(.).

o. Sars.

L-J.

X.)

Soinmercn 1HH2,

i

and exhibiting on each side 3 obliquely curved

front,

branchial regions;

pseudorostral

very

projection

projecting beyond the blunt antero-lateral corners.

nearly

as

pigment.

long as the anterior division.

folds

crossing

short and obtuse, scarcely

Tail,

inclusive of the telson,

rather conspicuous, with dark red

Eye

than in the next species.

1st

pair of legs with the basal

about the length of the succeeding joints combined, and but slightly curved;

2nd pair with the

last joint scarcely as long as the

equalling in length the antepenultimate one
ous.

44.

antennse of male about half the length of the body, and less

Inferior

distinctly 'prehensile
joint

p.

Body moderately slender, with the anterior division
Carapace much shorter than the exposed part of trunk,

oblong oval in form.

the

IX &

Character.

Sjxci/ic

in

male have turned out to be rather

adult

of the

as the type of the present

It contains, as yet, only 2 species, to be described below.

anomalous.

blunt

obtusely truncate and spinif'erous.

may accordingly be regarded

characters

the

though

family,

tip

This genus was established by the present author as early as

lii'Dtttrkfi.

Uropoda somewhat exceeding

ramus but

the 3 posterior pairs densely setifer-

segments combined, inner

in length the last 2

Telson nearly twice as long as the last

longer than the outer.

little

;

preceding one, both together

segment, and rather broad at the base,

but rapidly tapering distally, being pro-

vided with a single pair of slender lateral spines, apical spines 5 in number, the

middle one and the 2 outermost much larger than the remaining
vergent.

2,

and strongly

di-

Body ornamented with a very conspicuous dark brownish violet pigment,

forming more or less distinct transversal bands across the segments, and in the carapace occupying the greater part of the branchial regions behind the anterior fold.

mm., that of male considerably

Length of adult female reaching
Remarks. This form is

to

ouring, which

long time even

adult
in

its

male,

unlike

external

confounded.

what

is

recognizable by

antennse.

very conspicuous co-

generally the case in Cumacea, does not differ

much

a closer examination, however,

of natatory exopodites on

less.

The

a

in

appearance from the young female,

On

of the inferior

easily

its

preserved spsecimens.

retained for

is

9

all

The

it

with

may be

which

it'

may

easily be

recognized by the presence

the legs except the last pair, and by the structure
latter

organs, which are generally concealed

are


20

exserted

during

female

embraced

is

The hold

and are used

copulation,

boundary between the

the

at

a pair of claspers, by which

as

2

last

segments.

pedigerous

so firm, that I have succeeded in preserving the 2 sexes

is

the

locked

still

together (see the figure given on PI. IX).

have met with

I

Occurrence.

this

from the Christiania Fjord

of Norway,

to

and Vard0 in Finmark, I have taken

moves

It

in the sand,

form along the whole coast

in

a few fathoms' depth, on a

Vads0,

In some places, for instance

sandy bottom.

size.

beautiful

rather

quickly,

and

it

great abundance and of very large

able

is

Jsederen coast and at Sorvser

off the

in

to

itself

bury

with

ease

great

so as to be quite hidden.

Distribution.- British

Isles

(Norman),

Kattegat

Heligoland

(Meinert),

(Ehrenbaum).

Lamprops

2.

fuseata, G. 0. Sars.
(PL XI.)

fuseata, G. 0. Sars.

Lamprops

Om

den aberrante Krebsdyrgruppe Cumacea

og dens iiordiske Arter,
Specific Character.

division in

Body comparatively

p.

67.

short and robust, with the anterior

female rather tumid, ovoid, and considerably vaulted above.

about the length of the exposed part of the trunk, conically tapering
slightly keeled dorsally in its anterior part, sides perfectly

projection

rather produced,

acute,

antero-lateral corners

rather small.
sile,

one

Inferior antennae in

male unusually

short,

and

smooth, pseudorostral

sub-obsolete.

cluding the telson, scarcely as long as the anterior division.

Carapace

in front

Eye

Tail,

distinct,

in-

though

and pronouncedly prehen-

the flagellum being divided into two sharply-defined parts, of which the proximal
is

thickened and armed inside with

of legs comparatively

more slender than

more strongly curved; 2nd pair nearly

small hook-like

projections.

1st

pair

in the type species, with the basal joint

as long as the 1st, terminal joint

much

longer than the penultimate one; the remaining pairs comparatively more slender

and

less richly setous

than the outer.

than

in

ramus much longer
female tapering considerably distally. and provided

L. fasciata.

Telson in

Uropoda with

the inner

with 2 pairs of short lateral spinules, apical spines 5 in number, the middle one
the shortest, the 2 outermost longer than the others.
distally,

with the

much

apical spine

2

divergent than in female.
with

opaque

reaching 5

white.

mm.

less

tapered

apart, and the middle
which are about equal-sized and less

pairs of lateral spinules

shorter than the other 4,

Telson in male

more widely

Colour more or less fuscous, carapace mottled in front

Length

of

adult

female

6

mm.,

that

of

male

scarcely


21

This species

Remarks.
the

hy

is

easily distinguishable

much shorter and more robust form

from the preceding one

of the, body, the acutely produced

the carapseudorostral projection, and the absence of the oblique lateral folds on

Moreover, the 2nd pair of legs and the caudal appendages exhibit well

pace.

marked
is

also

is

different.

Finally,

male

adult

the

by the peculiar structure of the inferior antenna, the prehenof which is more pronounced than in any other known Cumacean.

well characterised

nature

sile

Of

and the colour

differences,

also I have succeeded in preserving specimens of the 2 sexes

this species

The mode

locked together in copulation.

male

which the female

is

grasped by the

exactly as in the preceding species.

is

This

Occurrence.

never met with
region

in

still

it

is

off the

it

seems

species

south and

very common,

to

a true arctic form,

be

west coasts of

Norway, whereas

from the Lofoten Islands to Vads0.

as

have

I

in the arctic

It is generally

found in places similar to those in which the preceding species occurs.
-Greenland (Hansen), Franz Joseph Land (Th. Scott).

Distribution.

Gen.

HemllamprOpS,

2.

posterior divisions generally

very slender, with the anterior and

Body, as a

rule,

less sharply

marked

Generic Characters.

G. 0. Sars, 1882.

off

from each other.

Carapace

not very large, without any subrostral sinus, the antero-lateral corners being quite

pseudorostral

obsolete,

wanting.

projection

with

the

likewise slender.

less distinct.

Eye

well developed or

antennae with the flagella comparatively longer than in

Superior

props; inferior antenna? in
elongated,

more or

3rd

male normally developed.

terminal
pair

in

much longer than the basal
male more or less transformed.

part

developed pleopoda present in the male.

Lam-

1st pair of legs slender

joint;

and

2nd pair

3 pairs of well

Telson and uropoda of a similar struc-

ture to that in Lamprops.

Remarks.
1882,

to

include

but materially
the

2

genus was proposed by the present author

This

some species formerly referred by him

differing

in

the

sexual

characters

in

to the genus

of the adult male.

the year

Lamprops,
Otherwise

genera are closely related, exhibiting the very same structure of the ter-

The genus comprises, as yet, 5 species, one of which,
H. Normani, has recently been recorded by M. Bonnier from the Gulf of Gasminal caudal appendages.

cogne, the 4 others belonging to the Norwegian fauna.


22

Hemilamprops rosea

3.

(Norman).

XII, XIII, XIV.)

(PI.

Vawithompsonia rosea, Norman, Transact, of the Tyneside Nat. Club; Vol.
figs.

Syn:

Oyrianassa elegans,

Characters.

the

in

Carapace

female

upper

trunk,

Norman

Body rather

slender,

exceeding the anterior division in length.

tail

margin

rather

much

small,

evenly

the exposed part of the
sides perfectly

arcuate,

Carapace of male

comparatively larger with the lower edges less regularly arcuate.

and elongated, when extended,

legs exceedingly slender

the

carapace,

penultimate

2nd pair with the

Eye very

red pigment and 8 corneal lenses.

beautiful

than

longer

joint

the

3

preceding

large

1st pair of

the length of

fully twice

ones

combined.

3rd pair in female

than the penultimate one.

last joint longer

male, with

thin, semipellucid.

Integuments

lower

the

in

especially

smooth, "pseudorostral projection very small, almost obsolete.

and conspicuous, with

13,

(male).

shorter than

horizontal,

straight,

271, PI

p.

rosea, G. 0. Sars.

Lamprops
Specific

5,

13.

with the basal joint narrow linear and more than twice as long as the

slender,

remaining part

of the leg; those in

male, as usual,

expanded, and moreover marked by the presence

with the

basal

joint

of 2 peculiar, smooth,

greatly

falciform

Uropoda very slender, equalling

combined, inner ramus much longer

spines appended to the inside of the ischial joint.
in

than

the

about
last

the

length

last

with

outer,

15

caudal

3

the

segments

1st

much

joint

the

Telson rather broad, lamellar,

spinules.

and armed inside with

largest

as long as the

twice

fully

segment, and but slightly narrowed distally, with generally 2 pairs of slender

and 8 spines issuing close together from the rounded
Body ornamented
apex, the 2 outermost of which are longer than the others.
setiform

spines

laterally,

with a beautiful crimson

pigment arranged

This form was

first

ramified,

stellate

patches both on

Length of female 6mm., of male

the carapace and the several segments.

Remarks.

in

7

mm.

M.Norman, but erro-

described by the Rev. A.

which is very
neously referred by him to the genus Vaunthompsonia of Sp. Bate,
different.
The adult male was described by the same author, but was not recognized as such.
elegans.

Some

Norwegian

It

was recorded

years

coast,

in

the

same paper under

the

name

afterwards the present author found this

and referred

it

aware of the sexual differences

of Oyrianassa

species

off the

genus Lamprops, not being at that time

to

his

in

that

genus.

It

is

a

very

beautiful

form,

by the bright crimson pigment ornamenting
In the adult male the natatory exopodites
the- body and especially the carapace.
muscles
of the
are
developed, and in order to receive the strong
easily' recognizable in fresh condition

legs

very fully


23

moving them, the basal joint
but

also

2

the

in

much

is

not only in the 2 anterior pairs,

dilated,

The 3rd

succeeding pairs.

pair of legs, as in several other

male Cumacea, are moreover characterised by the presence of 2 peculiar, smooth,
falciform spines

to

appended

the inside of the ischial joint,

those found in the adult male of Laicon nasicus (=

Occurrence.

have found

I

this beautiful

whole south and west coasts of Norway,
coast as far as Vardo.

on a muddy bottom.

male

moves

with

It

great

through the water,

Hemilamprops
G. 0. Sars,

Characters.

pearance, but with the
the

having

H.

XV.)

Oversigt af Norges Crustaceer

the

like

Very

combined; 3rd pair

more

slender,
side.

p. 55,

PL

1,

figs.

23, 24.

without

corneal

lenses,

and

antennae of male extending about to the

Inferior

1st pair of legs

somewhat

less slender

with the penultimate joint scarcely as long as the 3 preceding

joints

on one

I,

preceding species as to external ap-

imperfectly developed,

eye

pigment whitish.

rosea.

whereas the female leads a

assimilis, G. 0. Sars.

end of the penultimate caudal segment.
than in

Finmark

off the

on the bottom.

(PI.

Specific

and occasionally also

British isles (Norman).

4.

assimilis,

form rather frequently along the

abundant supply of natatory organs, the adult

to the

agility

life

Distribution.

Hemilamprops

Leuconopsis ensifer Walker).

generally occurs in moderate depths, from 20 to 50 fathoms,

Owing

much more sedentary

-

and much resembling

in

male with the 2 peculiar spines of the

ischial joint

not falciform, their distal part closely annulated and denticulate

Uropoda nearly as

H.

in

rosea.

Telson, however, more narrowed

distally, with only a single pair of slender lateral spines, apical spines only 6 in

number, the 2 outermost much longer than the others, which are about equalsized.

Body

in

both

Length of adult female
Remarks.

sexes
5

semipellucid,

without

any pigmentary

ornament.

mm., of male 6 mm.

This species

is

very nearly allied to H. rosea, though easily

distinguishable by the rudimentary condition

of the visual organ, as also by the

absence of the beautiful pigmentary ornament constantly found in that species.
a closer

comparison, some other

slight

differences

are

On

also to be found in the

structure of the several appendages, proving the validity of the species.

Occurrence.

is

have only

Hammerfest and

Vardo,
It

I

accordingly a

species.

Out

of

met with

this

form

off the

Finmark

coast, at

to

200 fathoms.

much more pronounced deep-water form than

the preceding

Norway,

Hasvig,

this

in

depths varying from

60

form has not yet been recorded.