Slide introduction to information ssstem 10th obien chap005 eng

James A. O’Brien

Introduction to Information Systems

1

Chapter

Data

5

Resource
Management

Irwin/McGraw-Hill

Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights res


James A. O’Brien

2

Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter Objectives
• Explain the importance of data resource
management to an organization, and how it can
be implemented by database management,
database administration, and data planning

activities.
• Outline the advantages of the database
management approach to managing the data
resources of a business.
• Explain how database management software
helps business professionals and supports
business operations and management of a
business.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill


James A. O’Brien

3

Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter Objectives
• Provide examples to illustrate each of the
following concepts:
–
–
–
–
–
–

Major types of databases
Data warehouses and data mining

Logical data elements
Fundamental database structures
Database access methods
Database development.

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James A. O’Brien

4

Introduction to Information Systems

Logical Data Elements
Personnel
Database

Employee
Record 1
Name
Data

Payroll
File

Benefits
File

Employee

Record 2

Employee
Record 3

SS Salary Name
Data

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Data

Data

SS Salary Name
Data

Data

Data

Employee
Record 4

SS Salary Name
Data

Data

Data

SS Salary
Data

Data


James A. O’Brien

5

Introduction to Information Systems

Database Management Systems

Operating
Operating
System
System
Database
Management

•
•
•
•

Database
Database
Management

Management
System
System

Database Development
Database Interrogation
Database Maintenance
Application Development

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Application
Application
Programs
Programs

Databases

Data
Dictionary


James A. O’Brien

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Introduction to Information Systems

Major Types of Databases
External

Databases on
the Internet &
Online
Services

Distributed
Databases on
Intranets &
Other
Networks

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Client
PC or
NC

End User
Databases

Network
Server
Server

Operational
Databases of
the Organization

Data
Warehouse

Data
Mart


James A. O’Brien

7

Introduction to Information Systems

Data Warehouse and Data Mining
Operational
Databases

Data
Acquisition
Subsystem

Warehouse
Design
Subsystem

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Data
Management
Subsystem

Metadata

Management
Subsystem

Analytical
Data Store
Enterprise
Warehouse
Data Mart
Metadata
Directory
Metadata
Repository

Client
PC or
NC

Data
DataAccess
Access
and
andDelivery
Delivery
Subsystem
Subsystem

Web
Web
Information
Information

System
System


James A. O’Brien

8

Introduction to Information Systems

Web-Based Systems
The Internet
Intranets
Extranets
Web
Browser

Client PCs
or NCs

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Network
Server

Web
Web Server
Server
Software
Software

Web Objects

HTML pages
GIF image files
Video files


James A. O’Brien

9

Introduction to Information Systems

Data Resource Management

Irwin/McGraw-Hill

Data
Administration
Data
Planning

Database
Administration


James A. O’Brien

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0

Introduction to Information Systems

Database Structures
Network Structure

Hierarchical Structure

Dept A

Dept

Project A

Employee
1

Project B

Employee
Employee
22

Employee
1

Dept B

Employee

2

Project A

Employee
3

Project B

Relational Structure
Dept

Dname

Dloc

Dmgr

Empno

Ename

Etitle

Dept

A

1

A

B

2

B

C

3

C

Irwin/McGraw-Hill


James A. O’Brien

Introduction to Information Systems

Database Structures (cont)

1
1

Bank Account Object
Attributes
• Customer
• Balance

Denver
West
Feb
East
Actual

Operations
• Deposit
• Withdraw
Budget

Sales TV
VCR
Margin TV
VCR

Multidimensional
Database Structure

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Checking Account Savings Account
Object
Object
Attributes
Attributes
• Credit Line
• Mthly Statement

• Credit Line
• Mthly Statement

• Calculate Interest
• Print Mthly
Statement

• Calculate Interest
• Print Mthly
Statement

Operations

Operations

Object-Oriented
Database Structure


James A. O’Brien

1
2

Introduction to Information Systems

Accessing Files and Databases
Key
Transformation
Sequential

Organization

Key Fields

URLs

Sequential
Access

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Direct Access

Indexed
Sequential
Access
Method


James A. O’Brien

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3

Introduction to Information Systems

Database Development
1.
1. Data
Data Planning

Planning

Physical
Physical Models
Models

Enterprise
Enterprise Model
Model

5.
5. Physical
Physical Design
Design

2.
2. Requirements
Requirements
Specifications
Specifications

Logical
Logical Models
Models

User
User Needs
Needs
Description
Description

4.
4. Logical
Logical Design
Design

3.
3. Conceptual
Conceptual Design
Design

Data
Data Models
Models

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James A. O’Brien

1
4

Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter Summary
• Data resource management is a critical
management activity. Management roles
include database administration, data planning,
and data administration.

• Under the database management approach,
data records are consolidated into databases
that can be accessed by many different
application programs, serving multiple users.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill


James A. O’Brien

1
5

Introduction to Information Systems

Chapter Summary (cont)
• Database management systems are software
packages that simplify the creation, use, and
maintenance of databases.
• Several types of databases are used by
organizations including operational,
distributed, external, data warehouses and data
marts.
• Database development for large corporate
databases requires a top-down planning effort
involving planning, requirements specification
and logical and physical design.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill