MINI EBOOK BUILD YOUR TOPIC VOCABULARY 2019 BY NGOCBACH

Some teachers think that international student exchange would be beneficial for all teenage school students. Do you think that its
advantages would outweigh its disadvantages?

Essay Plan:
 Introduction: (1) refer to the statement (2) my opinion – the advantages outweigh the disadvantages
 Paragraph 2: disadvantages: (1) financial costs – poor families (2) some teenagers may be too immature for such an
experience
 Paragraph 3: advantages: (1) students studying a foreign language (2) other students – new cultural experience, new
friendships
 Conclusion: the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

Essay:
It is true that some teachers consider that all their teenage
students would benefit from an international student exchange
scheme. While such a scheme might not be a valuable
experience for every student, I think that for the great majority
its advantages would outweigh its disadvantages.
On the one hand, there are a few potential drawbacks if schools
organise an international exchange programme for all teenage
students. Firstly, there are considerable costs involved, and not
every family may have the money to spare for travel or other
expenses which would be incurred. For example, in the UK
single-parent families are quite common, and they usually have

potential [adjective]: that can develop into something or be
developed in the future
to spare [verb]: to make something such as money or time available
to somebody or for something, especially when it requires an effort to
do this

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to manage on a limited budget. Secondly, some teenagers are
relatively shy and immature and may not be ready for the
challenge of living with a family overseas. Not every
adolescent develops at the same pace in terms of confidence and
independence.

to incur [verb]: if you incur costs or expenses, this means that you
have to pay for them
single-parent families [noun]: families in which one person takes
care of their child or children without a husband, wife or partner
to manage [verb]: to succeed in doing something, especially
something difficult
immature [adjective]: not developed, behaving in a way that is
typical of people who are much younger

to immerse oneself [verb]: to become completely involved in
something
On the other hand, there are enormous advantages to be
gained, which outweigh the disadvantages. For teenagers
studying languages, an international exchange offers the chance
to immerse themselves in the language of their host family.
They will make much more rapid progress than is possible in
the classroom. However, not only language students would
benefit. Experiencing a different culture really broadens the
horizons of all young people, exposing them to a culture shock
that will encourage them to develop critical thinking skills and
habits. Sometimes, these students may even form lifelong
friendships as a result of such exchanges.

host family [noun]: a family which offers their home for an
international student to stay
to broaden one’s horizons [expression]: to increase your knowledge
and experience
expose [verb]: to let somebody discover something by giving them
experience of it
culture shock [noun]: a feeling of confusion or anxiety that
somebody may feel when they live or visit another country
critical thinking [noun]: the process of analysing information and
experiences in an objective way, in order to make a judgement about

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them
lifelong [adjective]: lasting or existing all through your life

In conclusion, I believe that the vast majority of teenage
students would benefit from participation in international
exchange programmes, despite some drawbacks in individual
cases.
271 words

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Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment; only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Essay Plan:
 Introduction: (1) governments and big companies have an important role (2) totally disagree – individuals can take
many actions to improve the environment

 Paragraph 2: (1) governments can adopt policies – animal/habitat protection/energy sources (2) business can pollute
less and produce goods sustainably.
 Paragraph 3: individuals can (1) buy green products, and buy locally (2) they can join the green movement
 Conclusion: totally disagree – individuals as well as governments and companies can do many things.
Essay:
It is true that governments and big business have a critical role to play
in improving the environment. While some argue that individuals are
therefore powerless to help combat environmental degradation, I
completely disagree with this view.

environmental degradation: the process or fact of the
On the one hand, both governments and large enterprises can and environment becoming worse
should take steps to prevent an ecological crisis. From a government ecological crisis: a serious situation which occurs when the
perspective, policies must be enacted and enforced internationally. environment of a species or a population changes in a way that
These must cover a wide range of issues, such as the protection of threatens or endangers its continued survival.
endangered species, a halt to habitat destruction, and funding research
into alternative energy sources, to reduce our dependence on fossil to enact [verb]: to put something into practice
fuels. In terms of corporate responsibility, producers should not to enforce [verb]: to make sure that people obey a particular law
discharge toxic chemical waste into rivers or the sea and they must cut or rule
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down on emissions from factories to fight climate change. They endangered species: plants or animals that only exist in very
should also aim to achieve sustainable development by not depleting small numbers, so that in future they may disappear forever.
natural resources, for example by deforestation.
habitat destruction: the process that occurs when a natural
habitat, like a forest or wetland, is changed so dramatically by
humans that plants and animals which live there die.
alternative energy sources: refers to any energy source that is an
alternative to fossil fuels
reduce our dependence on fossil fuels: to decrease people’s

consumption of fossil fuels, like oil, coal or gas
corporate responsibility [noun]: the idea that a large company
has a duty to treat people fairly and to play a positive part in
society
to discharge toxic chemical waste: to dispose of poisonous waste
products from chemical processes by putting them into rivers or
oceans
to cut down on emissions: to reduce the amount of gases sent out
into the air
to fight climate change: To try to prevent harmful changes in
climate patterns, such as rainfall, temperature and winds.
to achieve sustainable development: economic development that
is achieved without depleting natural resources
to deplete natural resources: to reduce the amount of natural
resources
On the other hand, there are many actions that individuals can take to
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care for the environment. These include changing patterns of
consumption. For instance, products which are environmentally
friendly, such as green detergent brands, are widely available in the
shops, so that it is easy to change buying habits. Buying local
products is another option, reducing food miles. A different type of
action is to join one of the organisations in the green movement, like
Greepeace. Individuals can help these groups to raise funds to protect
plants and animals on the brink of extinction and to strengthen
campaigns for government interventions and initiatives.

patterns of consumption [expression]: the process by which
individuals identify, buy and consume products to fit all their

needs
to be environmentally friendly: this refers to products or
behaviour that do not harm the environment
detergent [noun]: liquids or powders that remove dirt, from
clothes or dishes, for example
food miles: the distance that food has to travel between where it is
grown or made and where it is consumed
the green movement: all the organisations concerned with the
protection of the environment
on the brink of extinction: an animal or plant which has almost
disappeared from the planet
intervention [noun]: action that is taken to help or improve a
situation
initiative [noun]: a new plan for dealing with a problem or for
achieving a particular purpose

In conclusion, while governments and corporations carry a great
responsibility for alleviating environmental problems, individuals have to alleviate environmental problems: to make bad
a significant role to play. I therefore totally disagree that individuals environmental problems less severe
are powerless to contribute towards saving the planet.
287 words
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Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract
more local people to visit these places?

ANSWER:
It is true that tourists from many parts of the world pay more pay more visits(tham quan nhiều hơn):to pay a visit just
visits to museums and historical places than local inhabitants. means to go to some place, to make a visit, to visit
There are many reasons for this, but this situation should be

addressed by attractinglocals in some practical ways.

historical places(di tích lịch sử):places that have historical
value due to some important events in the past
local inhabitants(dân địa phương):the people who live in the
town
practical ways(biện pháp thiết thực):a way of doing something
that has practice value, that is rational or logical

There are two main reasons why museums and historical sites
are preferred more by tourists than by local residents. One rather hard(tương đối khó khăn):quite difficult, used express
reason is that museums are too familiar to the locals. If that something is indeed hard

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museums do not change anything, there will be nothing new for
the locals to discover. Like eating the same dish every single
day, they feel bored with visiting the same places. Furthermore,

make ends meet(kiếm ăn kiếm sống):to make enough money to
pay all the bills

entrance tickets at some historical sites are expensive for the
local inhabitants to afford. For example, in Dien Bien, a
province in northwestern Vietnam, it is rather hard for the
residents to make ends meet, let alone to spend money on
visiting some famous historical attractions there.
take some measures/steps(có các biện pháp):to do something
The government should take some measures/steps to tackle this to address an issue, like to create a rule, a law or a regulation
issue effectively. Firstly, museums ought to be invested in more

refresh the exhibits(cập nhật các hiện vật):bring in new works
by the authorities to refresh the exhibits . The fresher the
of art or other to show to the public
exhibitions are, the more local residents will be interested in
them. Secondly, historical relics need to be free for all the local additional expenditures(các chi phí phụ thêm):expenses that
people. Without worrying about additional expenditures, are in addition to other basic expenses
residents will pay more to visit historical sites

in order to

broaden their knowledge about their home towns.

broaden their knowledge about(mở rộng hiểu biết):to learn
more about something

In conclusion, there are some known reasons for this trend.
However, something should be done by the authorities to attract known reasons(lý do quen thuộc):reasons that people already
know about, that they are familiar with
more visitors from the local areas.
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252 words

attract more visitors(thu hút thêm nhiều khách du lịch):to get
more people to come to visit

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