Test bank for understanding nursing research building an evidence based practice 6th edition by grove gray download

Chapter 07: Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks
Grove: Understanding Nursing Research, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which is true about a study framework?
a.

It guides nurses in clinical practice.

b.

It explains a portion of a theory.

c.

It is one of the major ideas of a theory.

d.

It is the underlying methodology used in research.

ANS: B


Feedback

A

The knowledge gained from testing theories is
used to guide nursing practice.

B

A study framework is a brief explanation of a theory
or those portions of a theory that are to be tested in
a study.

C

Concepts are the major ideas contained in a
theory.

D

The framework is not the methodology, which
consists of sampling techniques, tools, and
measures used to gather and analyze data.

PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

p. 190

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

2. Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?
a.

Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks
and not on theory.


b.

Qualitative studies are not based on theory.

c.

Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.

d.

Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as
quantitative studies.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

Qualitative studies do not rely on conceptual
frameworks.

B

Qualitative studies may be based on theory.

C

Qualitative studies may be based on a theory or
may be designed to create a theory.

D

Quantitative studies are designed to test the
components of a theory, while qualitative studies
may merely be based on or seek to create a theory.


PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

p. 190

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

3. A researcher is studying how anxiety affects coping with chronic disease
and theorizes that measures to reduce anxiety will improve subjects’
ability to cope with day-to-day demands of self-care. In this example,

anxiety and coping are:
a.

assumptions.

b.

concepts.

c.

philosophies.

d.

theories.

ANS: B

Feedback


A

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to be
true.

B

Concepts are terms that abstractly describe and name
an object, idea, experience, or phenomenon and are
defined in specific ways to present the ideas relevant
to a theory.

C

Philosophies are rational intellectual explorations of
truths or principles and describe viewpoints on what
reality is and which ethical ideas should guide
practice.

D

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon.

PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 190-191

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

4. When reviewing various theoretical frameworks, the nurse researcher

identifies several viewpoints about how nurses should engage with
terminally ill patients. These viewpoints represent:
a.

abstract ideas.


b.

assumptions.

c.

concrete ideas.

d.

philosophies.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

An abstract idea focuses on a general view of a
phenomenon.

B

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to be
true.

C

A concrete idea focuses on a particular instance.

D

A philosophy is an idea that explores truths or
principles and describes which ethical ideas
should guide practice.


PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 190-191

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

5. A nurse researcher develops a study to assist patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus to lose weight by altering eating patterns. The researcher states,
“Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus desire to control weight to gain

better glycemic control.” This statement is a(n):
a.

assumption.

b.

concept.

c.

philosophy.

d.

theory.

ANS: A

Feedback


A

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to be
true.

B

Concepts are terms that abstractly describe and name
an object, idea, experience, or phenomenon and are
defined in specific ways to present the ideas relevant
to a theory.

C

Philosophies are rational intellectual explorations of
truths or principles and describe viewpoints on what
reality is and which ethical ideas should guide
practice.

D

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon.

PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 190-191

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

6. A nurse researcher will measure the effects of infant and parent bonding on

infant weight gain in the first 6 months of life. The nurse will evaluate the
number of times each day that the parent holds the infant. This measure is an
example of a(n):
a.

abstract idea.


b.

concept.

c.

concrete idea.

d.

phenomenon.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

An abstract idea is a general view of a
phenomenon, such as parent/infant bonding.

B

A concept is a term that abstractly describes a
phenomenon.

C

Concrete ideas refer to realities or actual instances,
focusing on the particular and not the general.

D

A phenomenon is the appearance or aspect of
reality as it is experienced.


PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 191-192

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

7. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease
prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion activities—such as
proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night— as components of selfcare. In this example, “self-care” is a:

a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: A

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon


of interest. A concept is the most abstract element of
all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for the
study. A construct is a broader category or idea that
may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 191-192

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

8. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease
prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion activities—such as
proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night— as components of selfcare. In this example, “health promotion” is a:

a.

concept.

b.

construct.


c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: B

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon of
interest. A concept is the most abstract element of all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for the

study. A construct is a broader category or idea that
may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.


PTS:

1

DIF:

REF:

pp. 191-192

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

9. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease
prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion activities—such as
proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night— as components of selfcare. In this example, “hours of sleep” is a:
a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

A construct is a concept that has been created for the
study. A construct is a broader category or idea that
may encompass several concepts.


B

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon of

interest. A concept is the most abstract element of all.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS:

1

REF:

pp. 191-193

10.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on
disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion activities—
such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night— as components
of self-care. In this example, “effects of self-care on disease prevention” is a:

a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.


d.

variable.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon of
interest. A concept is the most abstract element of all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for the
study. A construct is a broader category or idea that
may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view of a
phenomenon. A conceptual map includes all of the
major concepts in a theory or framework.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS:

1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)


REF:

11.

pp. 191-192

Which is an important characteristic of a variable?

a.

It is broad and encompasses several ideas.

b.

It is constant from one instance to another.

c.

It is less specific than a concept.

d.

It is measurable and changeable.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

Variables are narrow in their definition.

B

Variables vary from one instance to another.

C

Variables are more specific than are concepts.


D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 191

12.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

Which is true about a conceptual definition in a research study?

a.

It defines how a concept can be manipulated in a
study.

b.

It describes how a concept may be measured in a
study.

c.

It is comprehensive and includes associative
meanings.

d.

It is more specific than a dictionary definition.

ANS: C


Feedback

A

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be manipulated in a study.

B

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured in a study.

C

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have.

D

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 192

13.

a.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the
concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures, body mass

index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. When discussing body
image, self-esteem, and social norms, the researcher is describing the:

conceptual definition.


b.

dependent variable.

c.

independent variable.

d.

operational definition.

ANS: A

Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have.

B

The dependent variable is a measurable variable that
is hypothesized to change as a result of manipulation
or difference in the independent variable.

C

The independent variable is a measurable variable that
is manipulated by the researcher to observe possible
changes in the dependent variable.


D

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 192

14.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the
concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures, body mass
index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. The researcher
states that a BMI > the 95th percentile represents overweight. This
statement is a(n):

a.

conceptual definition.

b.

dependent variable.

c.

independent variable.

d.

operational definition.

ANS: D


Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have.

B

The dependent variable is a measurable variable that
is hypothesized to change as a result of manipulation
or change in the independent variable.

C

The independent variable is a measurable variable that
is manipulated by the researcher to observe possible
changes in the dependent variable.

D

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 192

15.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

A researcher discusses how endorphins released during aerobic
exercise cause a heightened sense of well-being in subjects. This discussion
is a:


a.

conceptual definition.

b.

operational definition.

c.

relational statement.

d.

theoretical framework.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have.

B

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

C

A relational statement clarifies the type of
relationship that exists between concepts.


D

A theoretical framework describes abstract
concepts and phenomena and is used to guide
nurses in clinical practice.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 193

16.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

When a researcher analyzes data obtained from study variables for
possible significant relationships among these variables, the researcher is
testing the:

a.

abstract ideas.

b.

conceptual definitions.

c.

relationship statements.

d.

study assumptions.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

An abstract idea focuses on a general view of a
phenomenon.

B

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive than a
denotative or dictionary definition and includes
associated meanings the word may have. It does not
identify relationships.

C

A relational statement clarifies the type of
relationship that exists between concepts.

D

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to be
true.

PTS:

1

REF:

p. 193

17.
a.

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

Which statement is true about the hypothesis in a research study?
It clearly identifies concepts.


b.

It is written at a higher level of abstraction than a
general proposition.

c.

It is not testable.

d.

It makes a statement about specific relationships
among variables.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

The hypothesis does not define concepts.

B

The hypothesis is written at a lower level of
abstraction than a framework or proposition.

C

Hypotheses are written to be tested in a study and
make predictions about the relationships among
variables.

D

Hypotheses are written to be tested in a study and
make predictions about the relationships among
variables.