Human physiology an integrated approach 7th edition by silverthorn test bank

Human Physiology: 7th Edition Test Bank – Silverthorn
Sample
Chapter 8 Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

1) The portions of a neuron that extend off of the roughly spherical cell body are usually
collectively called
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) protrusions.
B) processes.
C) prostheses.
D) projections.

Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Detailed understanding of the cellular basis of signaling in the nervous system has led to
good understanding of consciousness, intelligence, and emotion.
1. A) True
2. B) False
Answer: B
Section: Organization of the Nervous System


Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Neurotransmitter is stored and released from
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) axon terminals only.
B) axon varicosities only.
C) dendritic spines only.
D) cell bodies only.
E) axon terminals and axon varicosities.

Answer: E
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) afferent
B) sensory
C) efferent

D) afferent and sensory
E) sensory and efferent

Answer: D
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) The afferent and efferent axons together form the
1. A) central nervous system.
2. B) autonomic division system.


3. C) somatic motor division of the nervous system.
4. D) peripheral nervous system.
5. E) visceral nervous system.
Answer: D
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) The brain and spinal cord together compose the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) central nervous system.
B) autonomic division system.

C) somatic motor division of the nervous system.
D) peripheral nervous system.
E) visceral nervous system.

Answer: A
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) central nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) somatic motor division.
D) peripheral nervous system.
E) enteric nervous system.

Answer: B
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1


Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) visceral and somatic divisions.
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
C) central and peripheral divisions.
D) visceral and enteric divisions.
E) somatic and enteric divisions.

Answer: B
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) The enteric nervous system is a network of neurons that function in controlling

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) reproduction.
B) digestion.
C) excretion, particularly urination.
D) the skeletal system.

E) the endocrine system.

Answer: B
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) In general, the nervous system is composed of which two types of cells?
1.
2.
3.
4.

motor
neurons
sensory
glial


5. associative
6. A) 1 and 2
7. B) 1 and 3
8. C) 2 and 4
9. D) 3 and 4
10. E) 3 and 5
Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

11) The cell body of neurons is generally
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) 90% of the cell volume.
B) 50% of the cell volume.
C) 10% of the cell volume.
D) found in the same position on every neuron.

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Interneurons are found
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) only in the brain.
B) only in the spinal cord.
C) only in the CNS.
D) throughout the nervous system.
E) only in spinal nerves.

Answer: C

Section: Cells of the Nervous System


Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
13) The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to
receive incoming signals are the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) cell bodies.
B) axons.
C) dendrites.
D) somata.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and
the peripheral effectors is called the
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

A) axon hillock.
B) varicosity.
C) axon.
D) dendrite.
E) nerve.

Answer: E
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the
1. A) collateral.
2. B) hillock.


3. C) synapse.
4. D) nerve.
5. E) dendrites.
Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) The axon is connected to the cell body by the
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) myelin sheath.
B) axon terminal.
C) collaterals.
D) axon hillock.
E) synapse.

Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) dendrites.
B) axon terminals.
C) collaterals.
D) axon hillocks.
E) synapses.

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

18) Neurotransmitters are released from the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) dendrites.
B) axon terminals.
C) collaterals.
D) axon hillock.
E) synapse.

Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) The term axonal transport refers to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the axon.

B) the transport of microtubules to the axon for structural support.
C) vesicle transport of proteins and organelles down the axon.
D) the movement of the axon terminal to synapse with a new postsynaptic cell.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

20) Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of ________ transport.
1. A) fast
2. B) slow
3. C) Neither of these.


Answer: A
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) microglia.
B) neuroglia.

C) glia.
D) ganglia.
E) nodes.

Answer: D
Section: Organization of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
22) Glial cells
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) only provide structural and metabolic support.
B) only guide neurons during growth and repair.
C) only help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid.
D) provide structural and metabolic support and help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s
extracellular fluid.
5. E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge


23) Glial cells communicate primarily using
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) electrical signals only.
B) chemical signals only.
C) neurotransmitters only.
D) neuromodulators only.
E) electrical signals and chemical signals.

Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

24) Myelin is formed by
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) axons only.
B) Schwann cells only.
C) oligodendrocytes only.
D) Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) These glial cells act as scavengers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglia
D) oligodendrocytes
E) ependymal cells

Answer: C


Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
26) These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig’s disease.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglia
D) oligodendrocytes

E) ependymal cells

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) The Nernst equation predicts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) intracellular ion concentrations.
B) extracellular ion concentrations.
C) the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions.
D) the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion.
E) the threshold membrane potential.

Answer: D
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

28) Which is the correctly written Nernst equation?
1. A) 61/z × log [ion]out/ [ion]in
2. B) 61/z × log [ion]in/ [ion]out

3. C) log 61/z × [ion]in/ [ion]out
4. D) log 61/z × [ion]out/ [ion]in
Answer: A
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

29) What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation take into account that the Nernst
equation does NOT?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) the electrical charges of the ions
B) the permeabilities of the ions
C) the solubilities of the ions
D) the sizes of the ions
E) the temperature

Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
30) The resting membrane potential results from
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.
B) differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+
C) activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.
D) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane
permeability to Na+and K+.
5. E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5


Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

31) Which ion(s) is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) calcium
E) More than one of the answers is correct.

Answer: A
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

32) The channelopathy known as QT syndrome is a result of mutation in ________ channels.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) chloride
E) sodium, potassium, or calcium

Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Ion channel inactivation is
1. A) closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus.
2. B) closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues.


3. C) any type of channel closing.
4. D) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
34) The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) the amplitude of the action potential.
B) the length of the axon.
C) the total number of action potentials.
D) the amplitude of the graded potential.

Answer: C
Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

35) Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) dendrites
B) cell body
C) axon hillock
D) synaptic cleft

E) synaptic bouton

Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge


36) The rising phase of the action potential is due to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Na+flow into the cell only.
B) Na+flow out of the cell only.
C) K+flow out of the cell only.
D) K+flow into the cell only.
E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell.

Answer: A
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) Na+flow in the cell only.
B) Na+flow out of the cell only.
C) K+flow out of the cell only.
D) K+flow into the cell only.
E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell.

Answer: C
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
38) The point during an action potential when the inside of the cell has become more
positive than the outside is known as the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) depolarization.
B) rising phase.
C) falling phase.
D) overshoot.
E) peak.

Answer: D

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) inactivation gate — closed at rest
B) activation gate — open at rest
C) inactivation gate — closed during repolarization
D) activation gate — opens during depolarization
E) All of the answers are incorrectly matched.

Answer: D
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

40) The absolute refractory period of an action potential
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) only ensures one-way travel down an axon.
B) only allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first.

C) only prevents summation of action potentials.
D) ensures one-way travel down an axon and allows a neuron to ignore a second
signal sent that closely follows the first.
5. E) ensures one-way travel down an axon, allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent
that closely follows the first, and prevents summation of action potentials.
Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension


41) In order to signal a stronger stimulus, action potentials become
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) higher in amplitude only.
B) more frequent only.
C) longer-lasting only.
D) higher in amplitude and more frequent.
E) higher in amplitude and longer-lasting.

Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
42) All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT
1. A) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original

compartments.
2. B) the Na+inactivation gate must open and the Na+activation gate must close.
3. C) the absolute refractory period must occur.
4. D) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original
compartments; the Na+ inactivation gate must open; and the Na+ activation gate must
close.
5. E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

43) Voltage-regulated channels are located
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) within the cytosol only.
B) in the membranes of dendrites only.
C) in the membranes of axons only.
D) on the neuron cell body only.
E) in the membranes of dendrites, in the membranes of axons, and on the neuron
cell body.


Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) The sodium-potassium exchange pump
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential.
B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization.
C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization.
D) moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients.
E) requires ATP to function.

Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

45) The all-or-none principle states that
1. A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials.
2. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce
action potentials of identical magnitude.
3. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the
action potential.
4. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials.
5. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.
Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge


46) When voltage-gated Na+ channels of a resting neuron open,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Na+enters the neuron.
B) Na+leaves the neuron.
C) the neuron depolarizes.
D) Na+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.
E) Na+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.

Answer: D
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) When voltage-gated K+ channels of a resting neuron open,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) K+enters the neuron.

B) K+leaves the neuron.
C) the neuron depolarizes.
D) K+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.
E) K+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.

Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

48) In the membrane of a resting nerve cell, when chemically gated Cl- channels open,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Cl- ions enter the cell.
B) Cl- ions leave the cell.
C) the cell becomes depolarized.
D) Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized.
E) Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized.

Answer: A


Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

49) Ion concentrations are first significantly affected after ________ action potential(s).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) one
B) a few dozen
C) a few hundred
D) a few thousand
E) a few million

Answer: D
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
50) Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) dendrites only.
B) cell bodies only.
C) axons only.
D) dendrites and axons.
E) cell bodies and axons.

Answer: C
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) Which of the following will best increase the conduction rate of action potentials?
1. A) Increase the diameter of the axon, decrease the resistance of the axon membrane to ion
leakage.


2. B) Increase the diameter of the axon, increase the resistance of the axon membrane to
ion leakage.
3. C) Decrease the diameter of the axon, decrease the resistance of the axon membrane to
ion leakage.
4. D) Decrease the diameter of the axon, increase the resistance of the axon membrane
to ion leakage.
Answer: B
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

52) Which of the following does NOT influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be
conveyed by a particular neuron?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) length of the axon

B) presence or absence of a myelin sheath
C) diameter of the axon
D) presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier
E) whether axon is sensory or motor

Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

53) Graded potentials may
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) initiate an action potential.
B) depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage.
C) hyperpolarize the membrane.
D) be called EPSPs or IPSPs.
E) All of the statements are true.

Answer: E


Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
54) Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics, which is to

1.
2.
3.
4.

A) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only.
B) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them only.
C) prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell only.
D) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+channels
and inactivate them.
5. E) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking
Na+entry into the cell.
Answer: E
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) The major determinant of the resting potential of all cells is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Ca2+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid.
B) Na+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid.
C) K+gradient between the blood and interstitial fluid.
D) K+concentration inside cells.
E) Na+concentration inside cells.

Answer: C
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge


56) The term hyperkalemia specifically indicates too much potassium in which fluid
compartment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) blood
B) intracellular
C) interstitial
D) extracellular
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer: A
Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

57) A chemical synapse ALWAYS includes which of the following?
1. axon terminal
2. presynaptic cell
3. synaptic cleft
4. postsynaptic cell

5. dendrite
6. A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
7. B) 1, 2, 3, 4
8. C) 2, 3, 4
9. D) 2, 3, 4, 5
10. E) 1, 3, 4
Answer: B
Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
58) Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) chemical
B) electrical
C) mechanical
D) processing


5. E) radiative
Answer: A

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) sodium.
B) potassium.
C) calcium.
D) chloride.
E) zinc.

Answer: C
Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

60) To increase the amount of neurotransmitter released onto a postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic
cell would have to
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude).
B) send action potentials with longer durations.
C) send action potentials with higher frequency.
D) do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect.

Answer: C

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.13


Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

61) Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) of the CNS?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) GABA only
B) glycine only
C) glutamate only
D) GABA and glycine
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer: D
Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
62) The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS, GABA and glycine, act by opening ________
channels.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

A) only Na+
B) only ClC) only K+
D) only Ca2+
E) Na+and K+

Answer: B
Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System
Learning Outcome: 8.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

63) Excitatory neurotransmitters of the CNS usually act by opening ________ channels.
1. A) Na+
2. B) K+
3. C) Cl-