Test bank for understanding nursing research building an evidence based practice 6th edition by grove gray

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Chapter 07: Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks
Grove: Understanding Nursing Research, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which is true about a study framework?
a.

It guides nurses in clinical practice.

b.

It explains a portion of a theory.

c.

It is one of the major ideas of a theory.

d.

It is the underlying methodology used in research.

ANS: B


Feedback

A

The knowledge gained from testing theories is
used to guide nursing practice.

B

A study framework is a brief explanation of a
theory or those portions of a theory that are to be
tested in a study.

C

Concepts are the major ideas contained in a
theory.

D

The framework is not the methodology, which
consists of sampling techniques, tools, and
measures used to gather and analyze data.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

REF: p. 190

2. Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?
a.

Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks
and not on theory.


b.

Qualitative studies are not based on theory.

c.

Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.

d.

Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as
quantitative studies.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

Qualitative studies do not rely on conceptual
frameworks.

B

Qualitative studies may be based on theory.

C

Qualitative studies may be based on a theory or
may be designed to create a theory.

D

Quantitative studies are designed to test the
components of a theory, while qualitative studies
may merely be based on or seek to create a
theory.


PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

REF: p. 190

3. A researcher is studying how anxiety affects coping with chronic
disease and theorizes that measures to reduce anxiety will improve
subjects’ ability to cope with day-to-day demands of self-care. In this
example, anxiety and coping are:
a.

assumptions.

b.

concepts.

c.

philosophies.

d.

theories.

ANS: B

Feedback


A

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to
be true.

B

Concepts are terms that abstractly describe and
name an object, idea, experience, or phenomenon
and are defined in specific ways to present the

ideas relevant to a theory.

C

Philosophies are rational intellectual explorations
of truths or principles and describe viewpoints on
what reality is and which ethical ideas should
guide practice.

D

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 190-191

4. When reviewing various theoretical frameworks, the nurse researcher
identifies several viewpoints about how nurses should engage with
terminally ill patients. These viewpoints represent:
a.

abstract ideas.

b.

assumptions.

c.

concrete ideas.

d.

philosophies.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

An abstract idea focuses on a general view of a
phenomenon.

B

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to
be true.

C

A concrete idea focuses on a particular instance.

D

A philosophy is an idea that explores truths or
principles and describes which ethical ideas
should guide practice.


PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 190-191

5. A nurse researcher develops a study to assist patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus to lose weight by altering eating patterns. The
researcher states, “Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus desire to
control weight to gain better glycemic control.” This statement is a(n):
a.

assumption.

b.

concept.

c.

philosophy.

d.

theory.

ANS: A

Feedback


A

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to
be true.

B

Concepts are terms that abstractly describe and
name an object, idea, experience, or phenomenon
and are defined in specific ways to present the
ideas relevant to a theory.

C

Philosophies are rational intellectual explorations
of truths or principles and describe viewpoints on
what reality is and which ethical ideas should
guide practice.

D

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 190-191

6. A nurse researcher will measure the effects of infant and parent bonding
on infant weight gain in the first 6 months of life. The nurse will evaluate
the number of times each day that the parent holds the infant. This
measure is an example of a(n):
a.

abstract idea.


b.

concept.

c.

concrete idea.

d.

phenomenon.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

An abstract idea is a general view of a
phenomenon, such as parent/infant bonding.

B

A concept is a term that abstractly describes a
phenomenon.

C

Concrete ideas refer to realities or actual
instances, focusing on the particular and not the
general.

D

A phenomenon is the appearance or aspect of
reality as it is experienced.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 191-192

7. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on
disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion
activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night—
as components of self-care. In this example, “self-care” is a:
a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: A

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon


of interest. A concept is the most abstract element
of all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for
the study. A construct is a broader category or
idea that may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 191-192

8. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on
disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion
activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night—
as components of self-care. In this example, “health promotion” is a:
a.

concept.

b.

construct.


c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: B

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon
of interest. A concept is the most abstract element
of all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for
the study. A construct is a broader category or
idea that may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.


PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 191-192

9. The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on
disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion
activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night—
as components of self-care. In this example, “hours of sleep” is a:
a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.

d.

variable.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

A construct is a concept that has been created for

the study. A construct is a broader category or
idea that may encompass several concepts.


B

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon
of interest. A concept is the most abstract element
of all.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)

REF: pp. 191-193

10.

The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects
on disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion
activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night—
as components of self-care. In this example, “effects of self-care on
disease prevention” is a:
a.

concept.

b.

construct.

c.

theory.


d.

variable.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

A concept is more abstract than a variable and
represents the name for an object or phenomenon

of interest. A concept is the most abstract element
of all.

B

A construct is a concept that has been created for
the study. A construct is a broader category or
idea that may encompass several concepts.

C

Theories are sets of concepts that present a view
of a phenomenon. A conceptual map includes all
of the major concepts in a theory or framework.

D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Applying (Application)


REF: pp. 191-192

11.

Which is an important characteristic of a variable?

a.

It is broad and encompasses several ideas.

b.

It is constant from one instance to another.

c.

It is less specific than a concept.

d.

It is measurable and changeable.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

Variables are narrow in their definition.

B

Variables vary from one instance to another.

C

Variables are more specific than are concepts.


D

A variable is more specific than a concept and is
variable and measurable.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

REF: p. 191

12.

Which is true about a conceptual definition in a research study?

a.

It defines how a concept can be manipulated in a
study.

b.

It describes how a concept may be measured in a
study.

c.

It is comprehensive and includes associative
meanings.

d.

It is more specific than a dictionary definition.

ANS: C


Feedback

A

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be manipulated in a study.

B

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured in a study.

C

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive

than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.

D

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive
than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension)

REF: p. 192

13.
In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the
concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures, body
mass index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. When
discussing body image, self-esteem, and social norms, the researcher is
describing the:
a.

conceptual definition.


b.

dependent variable.

c.

independent variable.

d.

operational definition.

ANS: A

Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive
than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.

B

The dependent variable is a measurable variable
that is hypothesized to change as a result of
manipulation or difference in the independent
variable.

C

The independent variable is a measurable variable

that is manipulated by the researcher to observe
possible changes in the dependent variable.


D

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF: p. 192

14.
In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the
concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures, body
mass index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. The
researcher states that a BMI > the 95th percentile represents
overweight. This statement is a(n):
a.

conceptual definition.

b.

dependent variable.

c.

independent variable.

d.

operational definition.

ANS: D


Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive
than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.

B

The dependent variable is a measurable variable
that is hypothesized to change as a result of
manipulation or change in the independent
variable.

C

The independent variable is a measurable variable
that is manipulated by the researcher to observe
possible changes in the dependent variable.

D

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF: p. 192

15.
A researcher discusses how endorphins released during aerobic
exercise cause a heightened sense of well-being in subjects. This
discussion is a:


a.

conceptual definition.

b.

operational definition.

c.

relational statement.

d.

theoretical framework.

ANS: C

Feedback

A

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive
than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.

B

The operational definition describes how the
concept may be measured or manipulated in a
study.

C

A relational statement clarifies the type of
relationship that exists between concepts.

D

A theoretical framework describes abstract
concepts and phenomena and is used to guide
nurses in clinical practice.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF: p. 193

16.
When a researcher analyzes data obtained from study variables
for possible significant relationships among these variables, the
researcher is testing the:
a.

abstract ideas.

b.

conceptual definitions.

c.

relationship statements.

d.

study assumptions.

ANS: C


Feedback

A

An abstract idea focuses on a general view of a
phenomenon.

B

A conceptual definition is more comprehensive
than a denotative or dictionary definition and
includes associated meanings the word may have.
It does not identify relationships.

C

A relational statement clarifies the type of
relationship that exists between concepts.

D

Assumptions are statements in a philosophy or
theory that are taken for granted or considered to
be true.

PTS: 1

DIF:

Cognitive level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF: p. 193

17.
a.

Which statement is true about the hypothesis in a research study?
It clearly identifies concepts.


b.

It is written at a higher level of abstraction than a
general proposition.

c.

It is not testable.

d.

It makes a statement about specific relationships
among variables.

ANS: D

Feedback

A

The hypothesis does not define concepts.

B

The hypothesis is written at a lower level of
abstraction than a framework or proposition.

C

Hypotheses are written to be tested in a study and
make predictions about the relationships among
variables.

D

Hypotheses are written to be tested in a study and
make predictions about the relationships among
variables.