Download test bank for latest canadian nursing leadership and management 1st edition by gaudine

Test Bank for Latest Canadian Nursing Leadership and Management
1st Edition by Gaudine
Chapter 12
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Organizational dimensions of cultural diversity include __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.

management status, union membership, and seniority
management status, union membership, and education level
work experience, union membership, and seniority
work experience, union membership, and education level

Answer: a
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Correct: The four layers of diversity, as identified by Gardenswartz and
Rowe (1998), and their accompanying dimensions, are as follows:
personality dimension (individual differences); internal dimensions
(e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation, and physical ability); external
dimensions (e.g., income, education level, religion, work experience);
and organizational dimensions (e.g., management status, union
membership, seniority).
B. Incorrect: The organizational dimensions of cultural diversity include
management status, union membership, and seniority. Education level
is an external dimension of cultural diversity, not an organizational
dimension.
C. Incorrect: The organizational dimensions of cultural diversity include
management status, union membership, and seniority. Work
experience is an external dimension of cultural diversity, not an

organizational dimension.
D. Incorrect: The organizational dimensions of cultural diversity include
management status, union membership, and seniority. Work
experience and education level are external dimensions of cultural
diversity, not organizational dimensions.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment


Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 1—Discuss cultural diversity and the ways in which the people you work
with may differ from you and from each other

2) Age, physical ability, and gender are examples of which layer of diversity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

personality
internal dimensions
external dimensions
organizational dimensions

Answer: b
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: The personality dimension includes individual differences. Age,
physical ability and gender are internal dimensions of cultural diversity.
B. Correct: The four layers of diversity, as identified by Gardenswartz and Rowe
(1998), and their accompanying dimensions, are as follows: personality

dimension (individual differences); internal dimensions (e.g., race, gender,
sexual orientation, and physical ability); external dimensions (e.g., income,
education level, religion, work experience); and organizational dimensions
(e.g., management status, union membership, seniority).
C. Incorrect: External dimensions of cultural diversity include income, education
level, religion, and work experience. Age, physical ability, and gender are
internal dimensions of cultural diversity.
D. Incorrect: Organizational dimensions of cultural diversity include
management status, union membership, and seniority. Age, physical ability
and gender are internal dimensions of cultural diversity.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation


Objective: 1—Discuss cultural diversity and the ways in which the people you work
with may differ from you and from each other
3) The recent accreditation report for a health care organization commented that
“decisions appear to include a wide range of perspectives and include an
exceptional level of cultural competence.” This organization has shown that
their diversity in employees has provided a __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.

diversity challenge
diversity competence
diversity advantage

diversity awareness

Answer: c
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: Organizational diversity in employees provides a diversity
advantage, not a diversity challenge.
B. Incorrect: Organizational diversity in employees provides a diversity
advantage, not a diversity competence.
C. Correct: The growing reality of global diversity has brought about an
emphasis on the “business case” for increasing ethnic and gender diversity.
Business organizations, in particular, make the case that there is a diversity
advantage for an organization in that diversity in employees brings about
better decisions due to a wider range of perspectives, and the fact that a
diverse workforce better understands a diverse customer base.
D. Incorrect: Organizational diversity in employees provides a diversity
advantage, not diversity awareness.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 2—Discuss the implications of diversity in health care organizations for
nursing staff members, clients/patients, visitors and family members, and nurse
leaders


4) Misunderstandings, misperceptions, and conflict can result from __________.
A. diversity competence
B. cultural competence
C. diversity
D. moral distress

Answer: c
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: Misunderstandings, misperceptions, and conflict can result from
mismanaged diversity in the workplace, not from diversity competence.
B. Incorrect: Misunderstandings, misperceptions, and conflict can result from
mismanaged diversity in the workplace, not from cultural competence.
C. Correct: While the positive side given for a diverse workforce is that it
brings more perspectives to decisions and improves decision making,
there is also a concern about a downside to diversity if it is not managed
effectively. Some concerns are that diversity in an organization may bring
with it miscommunication, conflict due to misunderstandings, and
differing values and beliefs that affect team functioning.
D. Incorrect: Misunderstandings, misperceptions and conflict can result from
mismanaged diversity in the workplace, not from moral distress.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 2—Discuss the implications of diversity in health care organizations for
nursing staff members, clients/patients, visitors and family members, and nurse
leaders

5) In order to develop communication skills that promote culturally diverse
settings, a nurse would _________.


A. teach others how to communicate using the accepted methods of
communication
B. seek out and participate in learning opportunities that include a focus on

communication and diversity
C. ask yes/no questions when communication is not effective
D. identify colleagues who are best suited to working with clients who are
culturally diverse and suggest they care for that patient population

Answer: b
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: Nurses should seek feedback from clients and colleagues, and
participate in communication validation exercises (e.g., role-playing
exercises; case studies).
B. Correct: According to the RNAO Best Practice Guidelines, one
recommendation for developing communication skills that promote culturally
diverse settings is to seek and participate in learning opportunities that
include a focus on communication and diversity.
C. Incorrect: Nurses should use a range of communication skills (not only
yes/no questions) to effectively communicate with clients and colleagues
(including empathetic listening, reflecting, non-judgemental open-ended
questioning).
D. Incorrect: All nurses should develop an awareness of different
communication styles and the influence of culture on communication.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 3—Examine your attitudes and experiences in working with others who
differ in age, culture, gender, profession, experience, education, and hierarchical
position


6) Acknowledging one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working with

patients, families, and colleagues who have different cultural backgrounds,
health behaviours, belief systems, and work practices is an example of __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.

learning to embrace diversity in individuals
assessing an organization’s level of cultural competence
a workplace policy on diversity
institutional racism

Answer: a
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Correct: This is one of the aspects of self-awareness within the RNAO’s
individual recommendations for developing cultural competencies and
behaviours.
B. Incorrect: Acknowledging one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working
with patients, families, and colleagues who have different cultural
backgrounds, health behaviours, and belief systems is an individual
behaviour, and not part of assessing an organization’s level of cultural
competence.
C. Incorrect: Acknowledging one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working
with patients, families, and colleagues who have different cultural
backgrounds, health behaviours, and belief systems is an individual
behaviour, and not necessarily part of a workplace policy on diversity.
D. Incorrect: Acknowledging one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working
with patients, families, and colleagues who have different cultural
backgrounds, health behaviours, and belief systems is one of the aspects of
self-awareness within the RNAO’s individual recommendations for

developing cultural competencies and behaviours. It is not a definition of
institutional racism.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation


Objective: 3—Examine your attitudes and experiences in working with others who
differ in age, culture, gender, profession, experience, education, and hierarchical
position

7) An organization that moves along the continuum towards becoming culturally
competent works on which three aspects?
A.
B.
C.
D.

aptitude, policies, and practices
aptitude, procedures, and practices
attitudes, policies, and practices
attitudes, policies, and procedures

Answer: c
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: The three aspects involved in attaining cultural competence are
attitudes, policies, and practices.
B. Incorrect: The three aspects involved in attaining cultural competence are
attitudes, policies, and practices.

C. Correct: Organizations that wish to move along the continuum to become
culturally proficient must work on three aspects: attitudes, policies, and
practices. There must be congruence between valuing differences, and the
policies and practices that reflect such values.
D. Incorrect: The three aspects involved in attaining cultural competence are
attitudes, policies, and practices.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, health promotion and
maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 4—Identify the continuum of cultural competence in an organization and
characteristics of organizations that embrace diversity in the workplace


8) A health care organization would be considered to have cultural blindness if it
has which of the following characteristics?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It seeks cultural assimilation of clients and employees.
It adopts policies that destroy cultural links.
It supports staff in expressing differing perspectives and beliefs.
It seeks consultation from cultural groups.

Answer: b
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: This is a policy that would promote cultural competence, not
cultural blindness.

B. Correct: A culturally blind organization would adopt policies that
inadvertently destroy cultural links.
C. Incorrect: This is a policy that would promote cultural competence, not
cultural blindness.
D. Incorrect: This is a policy that would promote cultural competence, not
cultural blindness.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, health promotion and
maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 4—Identify the continuum of cultural competence in an organization and
characteristics of organizations that embrace diversity in the workplace

9) When preparing for a performance appraisal, a nurse is asked to reflect upon
how he has demonstrated respect for cultural diversity in his practice. Which
statement reflects a good understanding of cultural competence in his practice?
A. He says he is respectful of his colleagues and does not identify when they are
discriminatory, as this is up to them to determine.
B. He says he is respectful of patients when they are not of the same cultural
background as he is, but refuses to care for the patient.


C. He says he has participated in a learning session on communication skills and
cultural norms.
D. He says he has read about learning sessions on communication skills and
cultural norms.

Answer: c
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: This is not one of the aspects of self-awareness identified in the

RNAO’s individual recommendations for developing cultural competencies
and behaviours.
B. Incorrect: This is not one of the aspects of self-awareness identified in the
RNAO’s individual recommendations for developing cultural competencies
and behaviours.
C. Correct: Participating in learning opportunities that include a focus on
communication and diversity is one of the aspects of self-awareness within
the RNAO’s individual recommendations for developing cultural
competencies and behaviours.
D. Incorrect: This is not one of the aspects of self-awareness identified in the
RNAO’s individual recommendations for developing cultural competencies
and behaviours.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 5—Describe the role of individual team members in a health care
workplace with respect to cultural diversity

10) An organization that is said to be stagnant in their movement toward becoming
a culturally safe environment might __________.
A. dedicate funding in the budget to implement and evaluate strategies to
strengthen diversity in the workplace


B. not recognize that there have been any issues with cultural diversity in the
past and, as such, may not include cultural diversity in their strategic plan
C. develop policies, guidelines, and processes to address change and conflict in
the workplace
D. develop educational strategies to address the diversity of preferred learning

styles and behaviours within employee groups

Answer: b
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: This is a policy that would move the organization forward in
becoming culturally safe; it is not an example of stagnation in this process.
B. Correct: In order to move forward in an environment of cultural safety,
organizations must articulate, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of
their mission statement, values, and corporate strategic plans that emphasize
the value of cultural diversity and competence.
C. Incorrect: This is a policy that would move the organization forward in
becoming culturally safe; it is not an example of stagnation in this process.
D. Incorrect: This is a policy that would move the organization forward in
becoming culturally safe; it is not an example of stagnation in this process.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 5—Describe the role of individual team members in a health care
workplace with respect to cultural diversity

11) The key categories of cultural competence of an organization include __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.

organizational norms, boards of directors, and ethics committees
asset identification, translation services, and boards of directors
boards of directors, human resources, and community consultation

human resources, community consultation, and organizational norms


Answer: d
Rationale for correct answer:
A. Incorrect: Olavarria et al (2009) identified five key categories for
consideration of standards of cultural competence in organizations: 1)
organizational norms, principles, and policies; 2) asset and need
identification; 3) human resources and management; 4) services and service
delivery; and 5) community consultation, partnership, and information
exchange.
B. Incorrect: Olavarria et al (2009) identified five key categories for
consideration of standards of cultural competence in organizations: 1)
organizational norms, principles, and policies; 2) asset and need
identification; 3) human resources and management; 4) services and service
delivery; and 5) community consultation, partnership, and information
exchange.
C. Incorrect: Olavarria et al (2009) identified five key categories for
consideration of standards of cultural competence in organizations: 1)
organizational norms, principles, and policies; 2) asset and need
identification; 3) human resources and management; 4) services and service
delivery; and 5) community consultation, partnership, and information
exchange.
D. Correct: Olavarria et al (2009) identified five key categories for consideration
of standards of cultural competence in organizations: 1) organizational
norms, principles, and policies; 2) asset and need identification; 3) human
resources and management; 4) services and service delivery; and 5)
community consultation, partnership, and information exchange.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance

Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 6—Describe responsibilities of nurse managers and health care
organizations with respect to diversity in health care organizations

Short Answer Questions


12) Describe each of the four layers of cultural diversity and how a colleague may
differ from you.

Answer: Correct answers may include the following points.
personality (individual differences)
• internal dimensions (race, age, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability)
• external dimensions (income, education level, religion, work experience)
• organizational dimensions (management status, union membership,
seniority)
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
•

Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 1—Discuss cultural diversity and the ways in which the people you work
with may differ from you and from each other

13) As a nursing student, what actions can you take to be more self-aware in your
attempts to embrace diversity in individuals?

Answer: Correct answers should include some of the following points.

•
•

•
•

Perform self-reflection of one’s own values/beliefs, incorporating feedback
from peers.
Express an awareness of one’s own views of differences among people (e.g.,
different opinions, different world views, different races, different values, and
different views of society).
State and continually explore through reflection and feedback how one’s own
biases, personal values, and beliefs affect others.
Identify cultural differences among clients and colleagues in the practice
setting.


•

•
•
•
•

•

Acknowledge one’s own feelings and behaviours toward working with clients,
families, and colleagues who have different cultural backgrounds, health
behaviours, belief systems, and work practices.
Explore one’s strategies for resolving conflicts that arise between self and

colleagues and/or clients from diverse groups.
Identify and seek guidance, support, knowledge, and skills from role models
who demonstrate cultural proficiency
Recognize and address inequitable, discriminatory, and/or racist behaviours
or institutional practices when they occur.
Acknowledge the presence or absence of individuals from diverse cultural
backgrounds at all levels in the workplace, reflecting the cultural makeup of
the clients or community being served.
Reflect and act on ways to be inclusive in all aspects of one’s practice.

Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 3—Examine your attitudes and experiences in working with others who
differ in age, culture, gender, profession, experience, education, and hierarchical
position

14) As a nursing student, what actions can you take to develop communication skills
that promote a culturally diverse setting?

Answer: Correct answers should include some of the following points.
•
•
•
•

Be aware of different communication styles and the influence of culture on
communication.
Be aware of one’s preferred communication style, its strengths and

limitations, and how it affects colleagues and recipients of care.
Seek feedback from clients and colleagues and participate in communication
validation exercises (e.g. role-playing exercises, case studies).
Use a range of communication skills to effectively communicate with clients
and colleagues (e.g., empathetic listening, reflecting, non-judgmental
openended questioning).


•

Seek and participate in learning opportunities that include a focus on
communication and diversity.

Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity, health promotion and maintenance
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 3—Examine your attitudes and experiences in working with others who
differ in age, culture, gender, profession, experience, education, and hierarchical
position

15) What three aspects must an organization that is working toward cultural
competence work on in order to embrace diversity in the workplace?
Answer: Correct answer:
Organizations that wish to move along the continuum to become culturally
proficient must work on three aspects: attitudes, policies, and practices.
Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment, psychological
integrity
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation

Objective: 4—Identify the continuum of cultural competence in an organization and
characteristics of organizations that embrace diversity in the workplace

16) What are five key categories of cultural competence of an organization?

Answer: Correct answers will include the following points.
•
•

organizational norms, principles and policies (e.g., cultural competence is an
item in the organization’s budget)
asset and need identification


•
•
•

human resources and management
services and service delivery (e.g., translation and interpretation services)
community consultation, partnership, and information exchange

Client need per NCLEX: safe and effective care environment
Integrated Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Objective: 6—Describe responsibilities of nurse managers and health care
organizations with respect to diversity in health care organizations