DINH DƯỠNG NGƯỜI BÀI 1

DinhDuongNguai

BAI 1: GlOl THIEU VE DINH DtfONG
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN NUTRITION

September 14


Cac van de trong tam

• Tai sao dinh d^ang hap ly (proper nutrition) lai
quan trong?

• Cac chat dinh d^ang nao ma ca the can de hoat
dong hieu qua?
• Hau qua cua suy dinh d^ang la gi?

• 10 Lai khuyen dinh d^ang hap ly cho ng^ai Viet.

September 14


Dinh nghTa "Dinh d^ang hoc"

•

Theo

Han

Viet

t^

dien,

Dinh

D^ong

la

lay

nhftng

ve

th^c

pham

ng^oi

tiep

nhan,

chat bo trong do an de nuoi d^&ng than the.
•

Dinh

d^ong

(nutrition)

-

khoa

hoc

va cac chat dinh d^ong ch^a trong chung.
•

Dinh
tieu

d^ong
hoa,

hap

la
thu

qua
va

trinh

bai

co
thai

the
cac

chat

to

thftc

an.

(WHO)
• Nghien c^u:
■ hoat dong cua thyc pham va cac chat dinh d^ang trong
co the
■ moi quan he gifra khau phan an va s&c khoe

September 14


Djnh nghTa dinh d^ang (tt)

• Cac hoat dong dinh d^ang trong co the bao gom:

■ Sy an vao (ingestion)

■ Tieu hoa (digestion)
■ Hap thu (absorption)
■ Van chuyen (transport)
■ Chuyen hoa (metabolism)
■ Bai tiet (excretion)

September 14


Chat dinh duang la gi?

• Chat dinh du&ng la bat ki mot chat hoa hoc nao co

the duoc mot co the song sfr dung cho duy tri cac
hoat dong trao doi chat cua no.
• Hoat dong trao doi chat o nguai (va cac dong vat
khac):
■ Sy cung cap nang luang (provision of energy)
■ Sy sinh truing va phat trien (growth)
■ Sy doi moi cua cac mo (renewal of tissues)
■ Sy sinh san va tao sfra (reproduction and lactation)

September 14


Cac chat dinh duang

• Da chat dinh duang (Macro-nutrients): la nhung
chat dinh duang can thiet cho sy song va phat trien
cua con nguai

■ Chat bot duang (carbohydrates)
■ Protein va cac amino acid
■ Chat beo (fats)
■ Nuoc

• Vi chat dinh duang (Micro-nutrients): can thiet cho
sy phat trien va tang cuang chuc nang co the
■ Vitamin; Chat khoang (minerals)

September 14


Cac chat dinh duang (tt)
Cac chat co trong thUc an

Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Chat xo thyc pham
Chat con (nhu mot chat dinh duang)
Vitamins
Hop chat thu cap thyc vat va thao duoc
Nuoc, chat dien giai, khoang
Hoa chat nong nghiep trong chu6i thyc pham
Thuoc

September 14


Cac nguyen to co trong 6 nhom chat dinh duang

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Carbon

Oxygen

Hydrogen

✓

✓

Nuac

Nitrogen

Minerals

✓✓✓

Carbohydrate
✓

✓

Protein

✓

✓

✓

✓

b

Vitamin

✓

✓

✓

a
✓

b

Chat beo (fat)

✓

✓

Chat khoang
Ghi chu:

* Cac cha dinh duang co chua carbon la chat huu ca.

ra

a
u

b

Tat ca cac vitamin nhom B deu chua nitrogen; amine co nghia la nitrogen
r

•

•

•

r

•

•

Protein va mot so vitamin chua chat khoang S; vitamin B12 chua cobalt (Co)
F?FF

Mot so thuc pham cung cap cac duang chat khac
(phytochemicals) ngoai sau nhom chat dinh duang


Cac thanh phan cua thyc pham va co the nguai

------------(Source: Sizer, Whitney, Nutrition:

ts and controversies, 2013)

i

Nuac (water): 60%
Chat beo (nguoi tre): 12-21% nam 23-31% nu
Vitamin, protein,

Tuang quan cac thanh ph&n

Carbohydrate,
khoang
Chat beo

Vitamins
Minerals
Fat
® Protein
(> Carbohydrate
9 Water

(Principle of human nutrition, 2013)

(Understanding nutrition, 2008)
September 14

Tai sao dinh duang hop ly lai quan trong?

• Dinh duang hop ly la gi?
■

La
pham

tao
trong

ra

cac
ty

khau

nhien

phan
de

an

co

the

tu

de

viec
dang

che
hap

bien
thu

cac
va

thyc
su

dung.

• Che do dinh duang tot va hop ly se dam bao sy
khoe manh ve ca the lyc va tr^ lyc cua con nguoi.
■ *-L.J

• Che do dinh duang hop ly giup phong benh
■ Vien dinh duang Quoc gia dua ra 10 loi khuyen dinh
duang hop ly cho nguoi Viet Nam

September 14

An uong can bang se:

1. Give you vitality and energy for life
2. Help you stay at a weight that's right for you
3. Boost your immune system
4. Improve sports performance
5. Delay the effects of aging
6. Keep you active and fit into old age
7. Help beat tiredness and fatigue
8. Protect teeth and keep gums healthy
9. Enhance your ability to concentrate and possible alter

mood
10. Ward off serious illnesses like heart disease, certain

cancers, mature-age onset diabetes, and gallbladder
disease
September 14


6 loi khuyen de dat duoc dinh duang hop ly

• Khong bo bua

• Uong nuoc: 2-3 lit

• An protein khong dinh ma
• An nhieu ngu coc nguyen hat hon: filber
• An nhieu rau, qua hon

• Tap the duc: 20 minutes; 3/7

September 14


Dinh duang va benh tat

• Khong phai tat ca cac benh d£u chju anh huang nhu
nhau tu khau phan an.

■

Mot

sO

benh

hoan

toan

do

di

truyln

(benh

hdng

clu

luai

phat

liem).
■

Mot
trien

so
giong

benh
di

co
truyen

the

do
tu

di
gene)

truyen
nhung

(hoac
co

co

xu

huong

the

bj

anh

huang

bai khau phan an ( mot s6 dang cua beo phi).
■ Mot s6 benh thi hoan toan do an u6ng (nhung benh do
thieu vitamin va chat khoang)
September 14


Khau phan an khoe manh (healthy diet)

• Thoa man nhu cau nang luong (da chat dinh

duang)
• Cung cap du so luong cac chat dinh duang thiet
yeu (micronutrients)
• Han che rui ro benh tat
■■■

• An toan khi tieu dung (muc do tap nhiem hoac
cac chat co hai cho them vao o muc thap)

September 14


Dinh duang va suc khoe (Nutrition and health)

• Cac benh man tfnh co lien qian den khau phan an
gom:
■ Benh tim mach (cardiovascular disease)
■ Chung huyet ap cao (hypertension)
■ Beo phi (obesity)
■ Tieu duong nhom II (type II diabetes)
■ Loang xuong (osteoporosis)

September 14


Cac benh lien quan den an uong

Loang xuong
It lien

Hoi chung down

quan

Benh de chay mau

den dinh

Thieu mau do hong

duang

cau luai liem

o nguoi lon
Ung thu
Cac benh
■
truyen nhiem

Thilu sit (thilu
mau)

Dai thao duong
Cao huylt ap
Benh tim

Thieu vitamin

Lien quan

Thieu khoang

den dinh

Ngo doc

duang

Kha nang chong

nhieu hon

benh tat kem
September 14


Cac ly do thuong gap khi nguoi ta khong dam bao
an uong

• Khong co thai gian niu an.
• Khong d^ac ^u tien.
• Them khat th^c an nhanh va dd ngot.
• Qua it ti§n. An udng voi chi phi vua phai khong t6n
hon an udng ngheo nan bao nhieu.
• Chips, colas, thfrc an nhanh va kem chit l^ong
cao tieu t6n nhieu hon yeu c4u cua mot khau phan
thuc pham dinh duang.
• Udng vitamin. Vien nang vitamin khong the bu dip
cho nhung lua chon thuc pham ngheo nan.

September 14


Hau qua cua suy dinh duang
(Ngu6n: UNICEF Viet Nam)

30%
a

tre
Viet

em
Nam

duai
bi

5

tu6i

thap

coi

(-2,5 trieu tre)

Suy dinh d^ang thip coi anh h^ang din sfrc khoe
• Tre em: giam kha nang mien djch va tang nguy co

mic cac benh nhiim khuan nghiem trong.
• Ng^oi twang thanh: cao huyet ap, tieu duong, benh
tim va beo phi.
• Phu nfr bj thip coi co xu huong sinh con nho va nhe
can
• Phu nfr thip d^ai 145 cm con sinh ra co nguy co tfr
vong 40%

Ty le thap coi a Viet
Nam cao thu 13 th£ giai


Hau qua cua suy dinh duang (tt)

Hau qua kinh ti va giao duc

Tre suy dinh duang co xu huong di hoc muon hon, bo
hoc va kha nang hoc tap kem hon tre binh thuong.
Tre tang truong kem co the din den kha nang lao
dong kem va thu nhap thap.
Chieu cao tang 1% -> muc luong tang 2,4%
Anh
tre

huang
so

sinh

den

co

qu6c
the

gia:
tang

dau
2-3%

tu
tong

vao
san

dinh
pham

duang

cho

quoc

(GDP)
September 14

noi

10 Lai khuyen dinh daang hap ly den nam 2020
(Vien Dinh Duang Qu6c gia Viet Nam)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(f20j)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. An da dang nhieu loai thuc pham va dam bao du 4
nhom: chat bot, chat dam, chat beo, vitamin va muoi
khoang.
2. Phoi hop thuc an nguOn dam dong vat va thuc vat,
nen an tom, cua, ca va dau do.
3. An phoi hop dau thuc vat va ma dong vat hop ly, nen
an vung lac.
4. Nen su dung muoi lot, khong an man.
5. Can an rau qua hang ngay.

September 14


10 Lai khuyen dinh d^ang (tt)

6. Dam bao an toan ve sinh trong lua chon, che bi£n va
bao quan thuc pham.
7. Uong du nuoc sach hang ngay.
8. Cho tre bu me ngay sau khi sinh, bu me hoan toan
trong 6 thang dau, an bo sung hop ly va tiep tuc cho
bu me den 24 thang.
9.

Tre

sua

sau
va

6
cac

thang
san

va
pham

nguoi
cua

truong
sua

phu

thanh
hop

nen
voi

su

dung

tung

tuoi.
10. Tang cuong hoat dong the luc, duy tri can nang hop
ly, khong hut thuoc la, han che uong ruou bia, nuoc
co ga va an, uong do ngot.
September 14

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