Cisco press CCIE professional development routing TCPIP volume 1 2nd edition oct 2005 ISBN 1587052024

CCIEProfessionalDevelopmentRoutingTCP/IP,
VolumeI,SecondEdition
ByJeffDoyle-CCIENo.1919,JenniferCarroll-CCIE
No.1402
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:October19,2005
ISBN:1-58705-202-4
Pages:936

TableofContents|Index

Adetailedexaminationofinteriorroutingprotocols--completelyupdatedinanewedition
Acompleterevisionofthebest-sellingfirstedition--widelyconsideredapremiertext
onTCP/IProutingprotocols
AcoretextbookforCCIEpreparationandapracticalreferencefornetworkdesigners,
administrators,andengineers
Includesconfigurationandtroubleshootinglessonsthatwouldcostthousandsto
learninaclassroomandnumerousreal-worldexamplesandcasestudies
Praisedinitsfirsteditionforitsapproachablestyleandwealthofinformation,thisnew
editionprovidesreadersadeepunderstandingofIProutingprotocols,teacheshowto
implementtheseprotocolsusingCiscorouters,andbringsreadersuptodateprotocoland
implementationenhancements.RoutingTCP/IP,Volume1,SecondEdition,includes
protocolchangesandCiscofeaturesthatenhanceroutingintegrity,secureroutersfrom
attacksinitiatedthroughroutingprotocols,andprovidegreatercontroloverthe
propagationofroutinginformationforalltheIPinteriorroutingprotocols.RoutingTCP/IP,
Volume1,SecondEdition,providesadetailedanalysisofeachoftheIPinteriorgateway
protocols(IGPs).Itsstructureremainsthesameasthebest-sellingfirstedition,though
informationwithineachsectionisenhancedandmodifiedtoincludethenewdevelopments
inroutingprotocolsandCiscoimplementations.What'sNewInThisEdition?Thefirst
editioncoversroutingprotocolsastheyexistedin1998.Thenewbookupdatesallcovered

routingprotocolsanddiscussesnewfeaturesintegratedinthelatestversionofCiscoIOS
Software.IPv6,itsusewithinteriorroutingprotocols,anditsinteroperabilityand
integrationwithIPv4arealsointegratedintothisbook.Approximately200pagesofnew
informationareaddedtothemaintext,withsomeoldtextremoved.Additionalexercise
andsolutionsarealsoincluded.


CCIEProfessionalDevelopmentRoutingTCP/IP,
VolumeI,SecondEdition
ByJeffDoyle-CCIENo.1919,JenniferCarroll-CCIE
No.1402
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:October19,2005
ISBN:1-58705-202-4
Pages:936

TableofContents|Index

Copyright

AbouttheAuthors
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
Acknowledgments
ThisBookIsSafariEnabled
IconsUsedinThisBook
CommandSyntaxConventions
Foreword
Introduction
Objectives
Audience
ChangesfromFirstEdition
Organization
BookFeatures
PartI:RoutingBasics
Chapter1.TCP/IPReview
TCP/IPProtocolLayers
IPPacketHeader
IPv4Addresses
AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)
InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)
Host-to-HostLayer
LookingAhead

SummaryTable:Chapter1CommandReview
RecommendedReading
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter2.IPv6Overview
IPv6Addresses
IPv6PacketHeaderFormat
ExtensionHeaders
ICMPv6
NeighborDiscoveryProtocol
LookingAhead
ReviewQuestions
Chapter3.StaticRouting
RouteTable
ConfiguringStaticRoutes
TroubleshootingStaticRoutes

LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter3CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter4.DynamicRoutingProtocols
RoutingProtocolBasics
DistanceVectorRoutingProtocols
LinkStateRoutingProtocols
InteriorandExteriorGatewayProtocols
StaticorDynamicRouting?
LookingAhead
RecommendedReading
ReviewQuestions
PartII:InteriorRoutingProtocols
Chapter5.RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)
OperationofRIP
ConfiguringRIP
TroubleshootingRIP
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter5CommandReview
RecommendedReading

ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter6.RIPv2,RIPng,andClasslessRouting
OperationofRIPv2
OperationofRIPng
ConfiguringRIPv2
ConfiguringRIPng
TroubleshootingRIPv2andRIPng
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter6CommandReview
RecommendedReading
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter7.EnhancedInteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol(EIGRP)
TheRootsofEIGRP:AnOverviewofIGRP

FromIGRPtoEIGRP
OperationofEIGRP
ConfiguringEIGRP
TroubleshootingEIGRP
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter7CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter8.OSPFv2
OperationofOSPF
ConfiguringOSPF
TroubleshootingOSPF
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter8CommandReview
RecommendedReading
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter9.OSPFv3
OperationofOSPFv3
ConfiguringOSPFv3

TroubleshootingOSPFv3
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter9CommandReview
RecommendedReading
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
Chapter10.IntegratedIS-IS
OperationofIntegratedIS-IS
ConfiguringIntegratedIS-IS
TroubleshootingIntegratedIS-IS
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter10CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
PartIII:RouteControlandInteroperability
Chapter11.RouteRedistribution
PrinciplesofRedistribution

ConfiguringRedistribution
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter11CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter12.DefaultRoutesandOn-DemandRouting
FundamentalsofDefaultRoutes
FundamentalsofOn-DemandRouting
ConfiguringDefaultRoutesandODR
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter12CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
Chapter13.RouteFiltering
ConfiguringRouteFilters
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter13CommandReview
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercises
Chapter14.RouteMaps
BasicUsesofRouteMaps

ConfiguringRouteMaps
LookingAhead
SummaryTable:Chapter14CommandReview
ReviewQuestions
ConfigurationExercises
TroubleshootingExercise
PartIV:Appendixes
AppendixA.Tutorial:WorkingwithBinaryandHex
WorkingwithBinaryNumbers
WorkingwithHexadecimalNumbers
AppendixB.Tutorial:AccessLists
AccessListBasics
StandardIPAccessLists
ExtendedIPAccessLists
CallingtheAccessList
ReflexiveAccessLists
KeywordAlternatives
NamedAccessLists
PrefixLists
FilterPlacementConsiderations
AccessListMonitoringandAccounting

AppendixC.CCIEPreparationTips
LayingtheFoundations
FollowingtheCertificationPath
Hands-OnExperience
IntensifyingtheStudy
TheFinalSixMonths
ExamDay
AppendixD.AnswerstoReviewQuestions
Chapter1
Chapter2
Chapter3
Chapter4
Chapter5
Chapter6
Chapter7
Chapter8
Chapter9




Chapter10



Chapter11

Chapter12
Chapter14
AppendixE.SolutionstoConfigurationExercises
Chapter1
Chapter3
Chapter5
Chapter6
Chapter7
Chapter8
Chapter9

Chapter10
Chapter11
Chapter13
Chapter14
AppendixF.SolutionstoTroubleshootingExercises
Chapter1
Chapter3
Chapter5
Chapter6
Chapter7
Chapter8
Chapter10
Chapter11
Chapter13
Chapter14
Index


Copyright
CCIEProfessionalDevelopmentRoutingTCP/IP
VolumeISecondEdition
JeffDoyle,CCIENo.1919,JenniferCarroll,CCIENo.1402
Copyright©2006CiscoSystems,Inc.
Publishedby:
CiscoPress
800East96thStreet
Indianapolis,IN46240USA
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyany

informationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutwritten
permissionfromthepublisher,exceptfortheinclusionofbrief
quotationsinareview.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1234567890
FirstPrintingOctober2005
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationNumber:
2004104363

TrademarkAcknowledgments
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trademarksorservicemarkshavebeenappropriately


capitalized.CiscoPressorCiscoSystems,Inc.cannotattestto
theaccuracyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbook
shouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofany
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WarningandDisclaimer
Thisbookisdesignedtoprovideinformationaboutrouting
TCP/IP.Everyefforthasbeenmadetomakethisbookas
completeandasaccurateaspossible,butnowarrantyor
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Theinformationisprovidedonan"asis"basis.Theauthors,
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Theopinionsexpressedinthisbookbelongtotheauthorand

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CorporateandGovernmentSales
CiscoPressoffersexcellentdiscountsonthisbookwhen
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PrintedintheUSA

Dedications
Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktomywife,Sara,and
mychildren,Anna,Carol,James,andKatherine.
Jeff
Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktomyhusband,Mike,
andsons,MitchellandJonathan.Theirpatienceand
supporthelpedmecompletethisbook.


Jennifer


AbouttheAuthors

JeffDoyle(CCIENo.1919)specializesinIProutingprotocols,
MPLS,andIPv6.Hehasdesignedorassistedinthedesignof
large-scaleIPserviceprovidernetworksthroughoutNorth
America,Europe,Japan,Korea,andthePeople'sRepublicof
China.Jeffhaspresentednumerouscorporateseminars,and
hasalsospokenatNANOG,JANOG,APRICOT,andatIPv6
Forumconferences.JeffholdsaBAfromMemphisState
University,andstudiedElectricalEngineeringattheUniversity
ofNewMexico.JefflivesinDenver,Colorado.
JenniferCarroll(CCIENo.1402)isanindependentnetwork
consultantinRedmond,Washington.Shehasdesigned,
implemented,andoptimizedmanyTCP/IPnetworks,andhas
developedandtaughtavarietyofnetworkingand
internetworkingcoursesonroutingprotocolsandCiscorouters
overthepast15years.Jennifercanbecontactedat





AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
FrankKnox,ChiefTechnicalOfficer,hasbeenwithSkyline
Computerforalittleoversixyears.HeisadualCCIE(CCIENo.
3698:SNA/IPandRouting/Switching)aswellasaCCSI.In
additiontohisCTOresponsibilities,Frankteachesseveral
advancedCisco-relatedcourses,includingaone-weekCCIELab
PreparationWorkshop.Heisconsideredtobeanexpertin
mainframeattachedroutertechnologiesandinthetechnologies
andissuesassociatedwithintegratednetworking(forexample,
SNA/IPandVoice/Data).Hehasmorethan37yearsof

networkingexperiencewithIBM,GTE(Verizon)Directories,and
SkylineComputerCorp.Thisexperienceincludesfieldservice,
fieldsupport,productplanning,management,andallfacetsof
networkingeducation.Inaddition,hedevelopedandtaught
severalcoursesfortheUniversityofDallasTelecommunications
MBAprogram.FrankalsohasanMSdegreein
TelecommunicationsfromPaceUniversity(4.0GPA).
AfterworkinginvariousrolesasanengineerwithinCiscofor
thepast6.5years,StevenEdwardMooretransitionedtothe
IPRoutingProtocolScalabilityTeam.There,hisfocus
encompassesallaspectsofextendingnetworkandprotocol
scalability:consideringnewfeaturesandoptimizationstothe
protocolarchitecture,designingteststomeasurecurrent
protocolscalability,workingwithcustomerstoimplement
scalingfunctionalityintheirnetwork,andparticipatinginevents
suchasNetworkerstoeducateothersonhowtoenhancetheir
network'sperformanceandscalabilityfromtherouting
perspective.
RenaYangisasoftwareengineeratCiscoSystems.Shehas
morethansixyearsofexperienceimplementingcodeinCisco
IOS.ShecurrentlyworksonIS-IS.Beforethis,shefocusedon
IPv4,UDP,accesslists,policyrouting,androuting
infrastructure.Renaholdsabachelor'sofscienceandmasters


ofengineeringincomputersciencefromMIT.

Acknowledgments
ManythankstoBrettBartow,ChrisCleveland,AndrewCupp,
SanDeePhillips,andallofthestaffofCiscoPresswhomade
thisbookpossible.
Thetechnicaleditors,StevenMoore,RenaYangandFrank
Knox,didafantasticjob.Wewanttothankthemfortheir
outstandingadviceandrecommendations.
WewanttothankFrankKnox,CarlPike,ChrisTonini,andthe
restoftheemployeesofSkylabsnetworks.Skylabs'labsetup
andaccesstothelabiseasytouseandhadeverythingwe
neededtocompletealltheconfigurationsandcasestudiesin
thisbook.




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IconsUsedinThisBook




CommandSyntaxConventions
Theconventionsusedtopresentcommandsyntaxinthisbook
arethesameconventionsusedintheIOSCommandReference.
TheCommandReferencedescribestheseconventionsas
follows:
Boldfaceindicatescommandsandkeywordsthatare
enteredliterallyasshown.Inactualconfigurationexamples
andoutput(notgeneralcommandsyntax),boldface
indicatescommandsthataremanuallyinputbytheuser
(suchasashowcommand).
Italicsindicateargumentsforwhichyousupplyactual
values.
Verticalbars(|)separatealternative,mutuallyexclusive
elements.
Squarebrackets[]indicateoptionalelements.
Braces{}indicatearequiredchoice.
Braceswithinbrackets[{}]indicatearequiredchoice

withinanoptionalelement.


Foreword
In1976,whenIsawmyfirstArpanetIMPatDigitalEquipment
Corporation,networksasweknowthemtodaywereintheir
infancy.SNA,XNS,andDECnetwereunderearlydevelopment,
andpacketswitchingversuscircuitswitchingwasthehottopic
oftheday.Thoseofusinvolvedinthedesignoftheswitching
androutingalgorithmsweredealingwithrouters(althoughwe
didn'tcallthemthat)thathad64kilobytesofmemory,datalink
of56kilobitswereconsideredblindinglyfast,andnetworkswith
256nodeswerebigenoughthatifyouwerethesalesmanwho
soldthose256computers,youwouldretirefabulouslywealthy.
Thirtyyearsisalongtime,andtodaytheindividualnetworks
thatmakeuptheInternetcontainthousandsortensof
thousandsofnodes,whiletheInternetasawholecontains
hundredsofmillionsofcomputers.Moststrikingintheevolution
overthishumangenerationisthatthefoundationsofthe
InternetlaiddownintheTCP/IPprotocolsuitehavesurvived
mostlyintactthroughfourormoregenerationsofcomputing
architectures,threecompletegenerationsofoperatingsystem
technology,andanincreaseoffiveordersofmagnitudein
transmissionspeeds.
Yet,westilltreatroutinginpacket-switchednetworksasa
blackart.Whyisthat?
First,designingrobust,scalabledistributedalgorithmsishard.
Despiteourbestintentionstomakethemsimple,complexity
creepsintodealwiththeinevitablespecialcases,
optimizations,peculiartopologies,andlinktechnologiesone

encounters.Becausea"forkliftupgrade"ofanentirenetworkis
rarelyfeasible,wehavemultiplegenerationsoftechnology
presentsimultaneously,andwemustmaintainbackwardcompatibilitywithessentiallynodisruptiontodeployedservices.
Aspoliciesgoverningtheroutingofpacketsbecomemore


sophisticated,ourabilitytodeviseautomateddiscoveryand
configurationproceduresgetsoverwhelmed,andwefallbackon
manualconfigurationandperformancetuningtechniques.
Finally,astheenvironmentinwhichthesenetworksare
operatedhasevolvedfromacooperativeonewheretrustwas
implicittooneinwhichthenetworkissubjecttobothinside
andoutsideattack,designinganddeployingroutingsystems
thatcanbemadesecurehasbecomeanurgentpriority.
RoutingTCP/IPtacklesthisblackartcomprehensively.The
presentVolume1coversalltheneededfundamentalsofTCP/IP
networksandgivesyouallthetoolsneededtounderstandhow
routingisaccomplishedwithinasingleadministrativeregionof
theInternet.Straightforwardideasofpacket-switchedrouting
arepresentedfirstinthechaptersonaddressingandstatic
routing.ThemostpopularIGPsRIP,EGRP,OSPF,andISISare
coveredindepth.Advancedtopicsinrouteredistribution,route
filtering,andpolicyroutingroundoutVolume1.
ThissecondeditionalsoaddsessentialmaterialonIPv6aswell
asbringingallthematerialuptodatewithexamplesand
configurationsforthelatestreleasesofCiscoIOS.
Foranyonewantingacomprehensiveunderstandingofhow
routinginTCP/IPnetworksreallyworks,fromthedesign
principlesofroutingalgorithms,totheevolutionofaddressing
schemes,tothepracticalaspectsofdesigningandconfiguring

theroutingoflargeautonomoussystems,thisisthebookfor
you.
DavidOran
CiscoFellow




Introduction
Routingisanessentialelementofallbutthesmallestdata
communicationsnetworks.Atonelevel,routingandthe
configurationofroutersarequitesimple.Butasnetworksgrow
insizeandcomplexity,routingissuescanbecomeatonceboth
largeandsubtle.Perversely,perhaps,wearegratefulforthe
difficultproblemslarge-scaleroutingcanpresentasnetwork
systemsconsultants,theseproblemsareourbreadandbutter.
Withoutthem,thephrase"Youwantfrieswiththat?"couldbe
anunfortunatepartofourdailyvocabulary.
CiscoCertifiedInternetworkExpertsarewidelyrecognizedfor
theirabilitytodesign,troubleshoot,andmanagelarge
networks.Thisrecognitioncomesfromthefactthatyoucannot
becomeaCCIEbyattendingafewclassesandthen
regurgitatingsomememorizedfactsontoawrittentest.ACCIE
hasprovenexpertiseinanintense,famouslydifficulthands-on
labexam.


Objectives
ThisbookisthefirstoftwovolumesthatfocusesonTCP/IP
routingissues.Earlyinthewritingofthefirstedition,KimLew,

formerCiscoSystemsprogrammanager,said,"Ourobjectiveis
tomakeCCIEs,nottomakepeoplewhocanpasstheCCIElab."
Weentirelyagreewiththatstatementandhaveuseditasa
guidingprinciplethroughoutthewritingofthisbook.Although
thebookincludesmanycasestudiesandexercisestohelpyou
preparefortheCCIElab,myprimaryobjectiveistoincrease
yourunderstandingofIProutingbothonagenericlevelandas
itisimplementedonCiscorouters.