Cisco press content networking fundamentals apr 2006 ISBN 1587052407

ContentNetworkingFundamentals
BySilvanoDaRos
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:March30,2006
PrintISBN-10:1-58705-240-7
PrintISBN-13:978-1-58705-240-8
Pages:576

TableofContents|Index

Acomprehensiveintroductiontothetheoryandpracticalapplicationsofcontent
networking
Getastrongintroductiontothebasicnetworkingconceptsnecessaryforcontent
networking,includingnetworkaddresstranslation,IPmulticastcontentdelivery,
qualityofservice,andstreamingmedia
Mastertheapplication-layerprotocols,includingHTTP,SSL,RSTP,RTPandFTP
Designredundancyandhighavailabilitybyusingserverloadbalancing,Domain
NameSystem(DNS)directoryservices,CiscoDistributedDirectorsoftware,
proximity-basedloadbalancing,andglobalstickydatabases
Learntoswitchandoffloadencryptedcontentbyimporting,creating,and
configuringcertificatesandkeysinSecureSocketsLayer(SSL)terminationdevices
ExaminehowtoconfigurerouterswithWebCacheCommunicationProtocol(WCCP)
andtoswitchcontentrequeststocontentenginesforservingfrequentlyrequested
objects
Learnhowtoconfigurecaching,livepush-andpull-splitting,contentacquisitioning,
andpre-positioningusingCiscoApplicationandContentNetworkingSystem(ACNS)
software
Contentnetworkingisthemostpopulartechnologyusedtoenhancenetworkand
applicationperformance.Thegrowthofcontentnetworkinghasbeendrivenbyend-user
demandsforrichercontentandloweredresponsetimes.Thesedemandshavecausedthe

fieldofcontentnetworkingtoflourishwithtechnologicaladvances.Todaymanycompanies
usecontentnetworkingtoaddalayerofintelligencetotheirsystems,scalingserver
availabilityandoptimizingcontentdelivery.



ContentNetworkingFundamentalsintroducesyoutocontentnetworkingsolutionsandthe
underlyingnetworkingtechnologiesthatcontentnetworkingusestoaccelerateyour
applicationsinnewanduniqueways.You'lldiscovervariousalgorithmsbehindcontent
networkingandlearnhowtheCiscoSystems®productsuiteimplementsthem.

Inthiscomprehensiveguide,youstartwithareviewoftheprotocolsrequiredforcontent
networking,buildingyourknowledgeofintroductoryconceptsandapplications.From
there,youdelveintothecomponentsspecifictocontentnetworking,withafocusonthe
content-awareOpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)Layers4through7.Numerous
deploymentexampleshelpyouunderstandthemoreadvancedtopics.Youcanusethe
configurationsnapshotsinthisbookasskeletalconfigurationsforyourproduction
network.

FollowingthevaluablelessonstaughtinContentNetworkingFundamentals,you'llbeable
toeffectivelydesign,deploy,maintain,andtroubleshootcontentnetworks.


ContentNetworkingFundamentals
BySilvanoDaRos
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:March30,2006
PrintISBN-10:1-58705-240-7
PrintISBN-13:978-1-58705-240-8

Pages:576

TableofContents|Index

Copyright
AbouttheAuthor
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
Acknowledgments
IconsUsedinThisBook
CommandSyntaxConventions
Introduction
GoalsandMethods
WhoShouldReadThisBook?
HowThisBookIsOrganized
PartI:OverviewofContentNetworking
Chapter1.IntroducingContentNetworking
DefiningContentNetworking
UnderstandingtheUnderlyingTechnologies

PurposeandGoals
CiscoContentNetworkingSolutions
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
PartII:NetworkingFundamentals
Chapter2.ExploringtheNetworkLayers
EthernetPhysicalandDataLinkLayers
InternetProtocol
TransportLayer

PuttingItAllTogetherwithaDetailedNetworkTrace
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter3.IntroducingSwitching,Routing,andAddressTranslation
ExploringEthernetFrameSwitching
ConfiguringVirtualLANs
UnderstandingIPRouting
PacketSwitching
TransparentBridging
ExploringNetworkAddressTranslation
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter4.ExploringSecurityTechnologiesandNetworkInfrastructureDesigns
FilteringPacketswithAccessControlLists
ApplicationLayerInspection
DesigningEnterpriseCampuses
DesigningEnterpriseEdgeNetworks
DesigningHeadquarterswithRemoteOfficeNetworks
EmployingInternetContentDeliveryNetworks
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
PartIII:IntelligentNetworkServicesforContentDelivery
Chapter5.IPMulticastContentDelivery
IntroducingIPMulticast
InternetGroupManagementProtocol
InternetStandardMulticast

SourceSpecificMulticast(SSM)
EnsuringMulticastDeliveryWithPragmaticGeneralMulticast
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter6.EnsuringContentDeliverywithQualityofService
ClassificationandMarking
CongestionManagement
CongestionAvoidance
Summary

ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
PartIV:ApplicationsforServingContent,attheNetworkEdge
Chapter7.PresentingandTransformingContent
IntroducingMarkupLanguages
TransformingandFormattingContent
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter8.ExploringtheApplicationLayer
HTTP
PublicKeyInfrastructure
FileTransferProtocol
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter9.IntroducingStreamingMedia
StreamingFilesandContentPlayback
DeliveringStreamingMedia
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
PartV:ApplicationLayerServicesforContent,withintheNetwork
Chapter10.ExploringServerLoadBalancing
ExploringYourServerLoad-BalancingDevices
ContentSwitchOperationalModes
Load-DistributionAlgorithms
HealthChecking
SessionPersistence
ContentSwitchHighAvailability

Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter11.SwitchingSecuredContent
SSLTermination
FirewallLoadBalancing
VPNLoadBalancingontheCSM
PreventingConnectionTableFloodingusingSYN-Cookies
Summary

ReviewQuestions

RecommendedReading
Chapter12.ExploringGlobalServerLoadBalancing
DomainNameServiceOperation
BGP-AnycastandDNSRound-Robin
ExploringDistributedDirectorTechnologies
ExploringCSSGlobalServerLoadBalancing
ExploringCSMGlobalServerLoadBalancing
GSLBStickiness
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
PartVI:TheApplicationandContentNetworkingSystem:ContentCaching,
Streaming,Routing,andDistribution
Chapter13.DeliveringCachedandStreamingMedia
RedirectingApplicationRequests
EnablingTransparentValue-AddedServicesonYourCEs
DeliveringStreamingMedia
Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
Chapter14.DistributingandRoutingManagedContent
E-learningandCorporateCommunications
SoftwareandFileDistribution
IntroducingContentDistributionandRouting
InitializingandRegisteringYourACNSNetworkDevices
SettingUpYourACNSNetworkforAcquisitionandPre-Positioning
AcquiringContenttoPre-Position
ConfiguringContentPre-Positioning
ContentRequestRouting
ConfiguringStreamingMedia

Summary
ReviewQuestions
RecommendedReading
AppendixA.AnswerstoReviewQuestions
Chapter1
Chapter2
Chapter3
Chapter4

Chapter5
Chapter6
Chapter7
Chapter8
Chapter9
Chapter10
Chapter11
Chapter12
Chapter13
Chapter14
Index


Copyright
ContentNetworkingFundamentals
SilvanoDaRos
Copyright©2006CiscoSystems,Inc.
CiscoPresslogoisatrademarkofCiscoSystems,Inc.
Publishedby:
CiscoPress
800East96thStreet
Indianapolis,IN46240USA
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyany
informationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutwritten
permissionfromthepublisher,exceptfortheinclusionofbrief
quotationsinareview.

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1234567890
FirstPrintingMarch2006
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationNumber:
2005922508

WarningandDisclaimer
Thisbookisdesignedtoprovideinformationaboutthe
fundamentalsofcontentnetworking.Everyefforthasbeen
madetomakethisbookascompleteandasaccurateas
possible,butnowarrantyorfitnessisimplied.


Theinformationisprovidedonan"as-is"basis.Theauthors,
CiscoPress,andCiscoSystems,Inc.,shallhaveneitherliability
norresponsibilitytoanypersonorentitywithrespecttoany
lossordamagesarisingfromtheinformationcontainedinthis
bookorfromtheuseofthediscsorprogramsthatmay
accompanyit.
Theopinionsexpressedinthisbookbelongtotheauthorand
arenotnecessarilythoseofCiscoSystems,Inc.

TrademarkAcknowledgments
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobe
trademarksorservicemarkshavebeenappropriately
capitalized.CiscoPressorCiscoSystems,Inc.,cannotattestto
theaccuracyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbook
shouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofany
trademarkorservicemark.
RealNetworksimagesandinformationinChapter13provided
courtesyofRealNetworks,Inc.:

Copyright©19952005RealNetworks,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
RealNetworks,Helix,HelixProxy,RealProxy,RealPlayer,and
RealMediaaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksof
RealNetworks,Inc.

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Step,GigaStack,InternetQuotient,IOS,IP/TV,iQExpertise,
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PrintedintheUSA

Dedications
Thisbookisdedicatedtomywife,Kimberley,andparents,
MarioandCatherine.Thankyouforyoursupportand
encouragement.

AbouttheAuthor
SilvanoDaRosiscurrentlyanetworkingconsultantinToronto
andhasworkedpreviouslyasasystemsengineerforCisco
Systems.WhileatCisco,heenjoyedworkingwithenterprise
organizationsonemergingnetworksolutions,includingIP
telephony,contentnetworking,andsecurity.Priortojoining
Cisco,hiscomputersciencedegreesawhimasasoftware
developer,developingclient-serverandwebapplicationsfor
numerouspublicandprivatesectoragencies.Silvanoholdsa
bachelorofcomputerscienceandamastersofengineeringin
internetworkingfromDalhousieUniversityinHalifax,Nova
Scotia.




AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
MarkGalloisasystemsengineeringmanageratCisco
SystemswithintheChannelsorganization.Hehasledseveral
engineeringgroupsresponsibleforpositioninganddelivering
Ciscoend-to-endsystems,aswellasdesigningand
implementingenterpriseLANsandinternationalIPnetworks.He
hasaBSinelectricalengineeringfromtheUniversityof
PittsburghandholdsCiscoCCNPandCCDPcertifications.Mark
residesinnorthernVirginiawithhiswifeBetsyandsonPaul.
StefanoTestajoinedCiscoin1998,aspartoftheCatalyst
6500softwaredevelopmentteam.Sincemovingtotechnical
marketingin2000,he'sbeenfocusingontechnologiessuchas
contentswitching,geographicloadbalancing,SSLacceleration,

andintegrationwithsecurityproducts.Heiscurrentlymanaging
ateamoftechnicalmarketingengineersdedicatedtoLayers47applicationaccelerationandsecuritytechnologies.Stefano
workscloselywithCiscoaccountteamstohelpcustomers
designhigh-performanceintegrateddata-centersand
application-awaresolutions.Healsocollaborateswithseveral
Ciscoengineeringteamsonfuturesoftwarereleases,network
management,andplatformsforLayers4-7services.
MauriceTraynorisatechnicalteamlead(networks),forHP's
(Hewlett-Packard)ManagedServicesGroup,
wherehisteamarchitectsandbuildsnetworksforalarge
financialinstitution.Hehasworkedinthenetworkingarenafor
14years,withjobsinpre-andpost-salessystemsengineering,
technicalconsulting,andteaching.




Acknowledgments
Writingabookisneverasingulareffort,andthisonecertainly
requiredthehelpfromagroupofexceptionallyqualifiedpeople.
Inparticular,I'dliketogivespecialrecognitiontomyreviewers,
Mark,Ted,Stephano,andMaurice,fortheirtechnicalcritiqueof
thisbook.Thanksforyouruniquespinonmanyoftheconcepts
inthisbook.
TheCiscoPresseditorialteam,includingJohnKane,RainaHan,
andBetseyHenkels,hasalsobeenahugefactorinthe
successfulcompletionofthisbook.Thanksforyourcountlessemailsandphonecallsduringeverystageofwritingthisbook.It
hasbeenapleasureandhonorworkingonthisprojectwith
CiscoPress.
ThankstomyfriendsatCiscoforhelpwithideasearlyoninthe

book'sdevelopment;HaroonKhanfortheCDMscreenshots;
andTimForehand,JamundFerguson,andBrookeCollinsfrom
RealNetworksfortheirtimeandeffortspentonmakingthe
RealMediaportionofthisbookhappen.
IandCiscoPresswouldalsoliketothankNirajJainandTed
Greversfortheircontributionstothebook.


IconsUsedinThisBook
[Viewfullsizeimage]


CommandSyntaxConventions
Theconventionsusedtopresentcommandsyntaxinthisbook
arethesameconventionsusedintheIOSCommandReference.
TheCommandReferencedescribestheseconventionsas
follows:
Boldfaceindicatescommandsandkeywordsthatare
enteredliterallyasshown.Inactualconfigurationexamples
andoutput(notgeneralcommandsyntax),boldface
indicatescommandsthataremanuallyinputbytheuser
(suchasashowcommand).
Italicsindicateargumentsforwhichyousupplyactual
values.
Verticalbars|separatealternative,mutuallyexclusive
elements.
Squarebrackets[]indicateoptionalelements.
Braces{}indicatearequiredchoice.
Braceswithinbrackets[{}]indicatearequiredchoice
withinanoptionalelement.

Introduction
WithinInternetworking,therearenumerouscareerfields,such
asnetworksecurity,IPtelephony,andStorageAreaNetworking
(SAN).Contentnetworkingisgrowingsomuchthatithas
becomeadisciplineofitsown.Inthepast,mostorganizations
havegiventhecontentnetworkingresponsibilitytotheIT
operationsornetworksecuritystaff,butthesedaysthefield
hasbecomesolargeandcomplexthatorganizationsoften
requirededicatedcontentnetworkingprofessionalstodesign
andoperatetheircontentnetworks.
Thepurposeofthisbookistointroducecontentnetworkingas
anindividualfieldofstudy,andexplainhownumerous
applicationandnetworkingconceptsaremarriedtomakethe
disciplineawhole.


GoalsandMethods
Thisbookwillfirstintroduceyoutosomebasicunderlying
networkingtechnologies,whichhavebeenaroundforquitea
whilebutthatcontentnetworkingusesinnewanduniqueways
toaccelerateyourapplications.
Onceyouunderstandtheunderlyingtechnologies,thisbook
usesthedivide-and-conquerapproachtoaddressthesingle
broadtopicofcontentnetworking.Byfurtherisolatingand
examiningcontentnetworking'sconstituenttechnologies,you
avoidtheblurringandgeneralizingthattendtooccurwhen

discussingcontentnetworking.Coveringeachsubtopicandits
interdependenciesindetailwillgiveyouvaluableinsightinto
theoveralltopicofcontentnetworking,withoutminimizingthe
importanceofeachsubtechnology.




WhoShouldReadThisBook?
Thisbookisdesignedforanynetworkingorapplication
professionalwhorequiresanintroductiontocontent
networking.Ifyoucometothisbookasanapplication
professional,youwillbeabletoobtainanintroductiontothe
basicnetworkingconceptsfromthefirstfewchapters;this
informationmaybesuperfluoustothenetworkprofessional.On
theotherhand,networkingprofessionalswillbeabletoglean
informationaboutapplicationconceptsfromtheinitialchapters
tofullyunderstandthecontentnetworkingconceptsdiscussed
inthisbook.
Specifically,thisbookisanexcellentresourceforprofessionals
who
Design,implement,andmaintaincontentnetworks
ArepreparingfortheCiscoCCNPcontentnetworkingexam
Areresponsiblefortechnicallyjustifyingthepurchaseof
contentnetworkingproductstotheirmanagementor
purchasingdepartments

HowThisBookIsOrganized
Althoughthisbookisdesignedtobereadfromcover-to-cover,
itwasalsodevelopedsothatyoucaneasilyjumpbetweenits
parts,chapters,andsections,enablingyoutoconcentrateon
onlythosetopicsthatrequireyourfocusedattention.As
mentionedpreviously,bothapplication-andnetwork-centric
professionalswilllearnagreatdealabouttheirITcounterpart's
nativetechnologies.Byallowingthereadertoeffectively
concentrateonparticularareas,thisbookbenefitsreadersfrom
diversetechnicalbackgrounds.
Chapter1providesanintroductiontocontentnetworking.
Chapters2through9areframedasbackgroundchaptersto
contentnetworking,givingadetailedexaminationofboththe
fundamentalsofnetworksandapplications.Chapters10
through14arethecorecontentnetworkingchapters,witheach
Chapterprovidingadetailedtreatmentofaparticular
subtechnologyofcontentnetworking.Ifyouintendtoreadall
thechapters,theorderinthebookisanexcellentsequenceto
use.
Thechaptersofthisbookcoverthefollowingtopics:
Chapter1,"IntroducingContentNetworking"This
Chapteroffersgeneralinsightintothebroadtopicof
contentnetworking,includingitspurpose,goals,and
subtechnologies.
Chapter2,"ExploringtheNetworkLayers"This
ChapterexaminesLayers1through4oftheOpenSystems
Interconnection(OSI)referencemodel,giving
approximatelyequalcoverageoneachlayer.Togluethe
layerstogether,thisChapterendswithanillustrationofa
sampleapplicationflow,showinghowthelayersinteract

withoneanother.
Chapter3,"IntroducingSwitching,Routing,and
AddressTranslation"ThisChapterintroduceshowframes
areswitchedbyLayer2switches,howpacketsarerouted
andswitchedbyLayer3routers,andhowthetransport
segment'sIPaddressesandportnumbersaretranslatedby
Layer4contentswitchesandfirewalls.
Chapter4,"ExploringSecurityTechnologiesand
NetworkInfrastructureDesigns"ThisChaptercovers
majortopicsforsecuringyourapplicationsandnetwork,
suchaspacketfiltering,applicationinspection,and
encryption,andprovidesdesignbackdropsforcommon
networkinginfrastructures,includingWANs,campuses,and
InternetContentDeliveryNetworks(ICDN).
Chapter5,"IPMulticastContentDelivery"Streaming
mediaandcontentdistributioncanconsumeagreatdealof
networkbandwidth.Todealwiththisissue,Chapter5
providesawaytominimizepotentialfloodingusingIP
multicast.
Chapter6,"EnsuringContentDeliverywithQualityof
Service"ThisChapterprovidesawaytominimizethe
impactofpacketloss,delay,andjitterbyenablingQoS
featuresinyournetwork.
Chapter7,"PresentingandTransformingContent"
ThisChaptercovershowtouseExtensibleMarkup
Language(XML)-basedmarkuplaguagesfordescribing,
presenting,andtransformingcontent.
Chapter8,"ExploringtheApplicationLayer"This

Chapterintroducestheapplicationlayerandinparticular
theprotocolsthatpertaintocontentnetworkingconcepts


discussedthroughoutthebook,includingHTTP,Secure
SocketsLayer(SSL),andFTPapplicationlayerprotocols.
Chapter9,"IntroducingStreamingMedia"This
Chaptercoversstreamingmediaconcepts,includinghow
videoondemand(VoD),live,andrebroadcasteventsare
deliveredusingReal-TimeTransportProtocol(RTP),RealTimeStreamingProtocol(RTSP),andMotionPictureExpert
Group(MPEG)protocols.ThisChapteralsocomparesand
contrastsMicrosoftWindows,AppleQuickTime,and
RealNetworksstreamingtechnologies.
Chapter10,"ExploringServerLoadBalancing"This
Chaptershowshowtodesignredundancyandhigh
availabilityintoyourserverfarmsbyconfiguringload
distributionalgorithms,healthchecks,sessionpersistence,
andLayer57loadbalancingonyourcontentswitches.
Chapter11,"SwitchingSecuredContent"ThisChapter
showshowtoswitchandoffloadencryptedcontentby
importing,creating,andconfiguringcertificatesandkeysin
SSLterminationdevices,suchastheContentSwitching
Module(CSM)withSecureSocketsLayer(SSL)daughter
cards(CSM-S)andtheContentServicesSwitch(CSS)SSL
modules.
Chapter12,"ExploringGlobalServerLoadBalancing"
ThisChaptershowshowtodesignredundancyandhigh
availabilityacrossyoursites,usingtheDomainName
System(DNS),DistributedDirector,proximity-basedload
balancing,andglobalstickydatabases.

Chapter13,"DeliveringCachedandStreamingMedia"
ThisChapterexamineshowtoconfigureyourrouterswith
WebCacheControlProtocol(WCCP)andcontentswitchesto
switchrequeststoContentEngines(CE)forserving


frequentlyrequestedobjects.Thesefrequentlyrequested
objectscanincludethefollowing:HTTPandstreaming
media;standardcachingservices,suchaswebandreverseproxycachingonyourCEsusingtheApplicationand
ContentNetworkingSystem(ACNS);value-addedservices,
suchascontentauthenticationandcontentpreloading;and
contentfreshnessfromCEs.
Chapter14,"DistributingandRoutingManaged
Content"ThisChapterexploreshowtoconfigureACNSfor
contentdistributionandroutingserivces,byconfiguring
channelsofCEs,forwardingcontenttothosechannels,and
usingcontentrequestroutingtechnologies,suchas
simplifiedhybridroutinganddynamicproxyautoconfiguration,torouteclient'srequestsforthedistributed
content.