Cisco press deploying IPv6 networks feb 2006 ISBN 1587052105

DeployingIPv6Networks
ByCiprianPopoviciu,EricLevy-Abegnoli,
PatrickGrossetete
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:February10,2006
PrintISBN-10:1-58-705210-5
PrintISBN-13:978-1-58705-210-1
Pages:672

TableofContents|Index

AnessentialguidetoIPv6concepts,serviceimplementation,andinteroperabilityin
existingIPv4environments.
LearnaboutIPv6servicesandtherelevantIPv6featuresthatmakethempossible
Plan,deploy,andmanageIPv6servicesattheproductionlevelinexistentIPv4
networks
ConfigureandtroubleshootIPv6networks
IPv6scalesuptosupportnewservicesthatrequireaverylargeaddressingspace;itis
positionedtoprovidetheinfrastructureforaworldwheremobiledevices,home
appliances,andphoneswilleachhavetheirown,uniqueIPaddress.IntheUnitedStates,
majorEnterprisecustomersinterfacingwiththeDepartmentofDefense,contractorssuch
asBoeingandLockheedMartin,haveexpressedstrongerinterestinthetechnologydueto
theircustomerrequests.MicrosoftconsidersIPv6astrategictechnologybecauseitwill
freethenetworksofNATsopeningthedoortopeer-to-peerapplications.DeployingIPv6
NetworkswillpresenttheservicecapabilitiesofIPv6,thefeaturessupportingthese
services,andthewaysinwhichtheycanbeimplementedinascalable,production-level
network.TheinformationwillbepresentedinthecontextoftheexistingIPv4operational
anddesignconcepts,anchoringthediscussiontofamiliargroundandtheenvironments
thatwillbeincorporatingtheIPv6services.AftercompletingDeployingIPv6Networksthe
readerwillUnderstandthestateofIPv6technologiesandservicesandtheIPv6features

astheyareappliedinservicedeployments.Inadditiontheywillknowhowtodesignand
implementanIPv6production-levelnetwork,usingthebook'stemplatesandexamples.
HavetheabilitytoconfigureandtroubleshootIPv6inproductionnetworksandknow
whereIPv6developmentsaremovinginthefuture.


DeployingIPv6Networks
ByCiprianPopoviciu,EricLevy-Abegnoli,
PatrickGrossetete
...............................................
Publisher:CiscoPress
PubDate:February10,2006
PrintISBN-10:1-58-705210-5
PrintISBN-13:978-1-58705-210-1
Pages:672

TableofContents|Index

Copyright
AbouttheAuthors

AbouttheContributor
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
Acknowledgments
IconsUsedinThisBook
CommandSyntaxConventions
Introduction
GoalsandMethods
WhoShouldReadThisBook?
HowThisBookIsOrganized
PartI:ImplementingIPv6Services
Chapter1.TheCaseforIPv6AnUpdatedPerspective
UnicastConnectivity
QoSServices
MulticastServices
VirtualPrivateNetworks
Security
IPMobility
IPv6IsanEvolutionaryStep
Chapter2.AnIPv6Refresher
IPv6Addressing

IPv6PacketFormat
InternetControlMessageProtocolforIPv6
NeighborDiscoveryProtocol
Chapter3.DeliveringIPv6UnicastServices
Overview
IPv6Provisioning
IPv6NetworkAccess
IPv6overtheBackbone
TranslationMechanisms(NAT-PT)
Chapter4.IPv6RoutingProtocols
DistanceVectorRoutingProtocol
PathVectorRoutingProtocol
Link-StateRoutingProtocol
IPv6InteriorGatewayProtocols
BGP
SiteMultihoming
DeployingIPv6RoutingProtocols
Chapter5.ImplementingQoS
QoSforIPv6
QoSforIPv6overMPLS
DeployingQoSforIPv6

Chapter6.ProvidingIPv6MulticastServices
IPv6Multicast
IPv6MulticastDeploymentExamples
Chapter7.VPNIPv6ArchitectureandServices
VirtualPrivateNetworkOverview
UsingIPsectoImplementCE-BasedVPNs
BGP-MPLSIPv6VPNs:APE-BasedVPNSolution
TopologyExamples
Chapter8.AdvancedServicesIPv6Mobility
ChapterOverview
IPHostMobility
NetworkMobility
IPMobilityinNonmobileScenarios
NextStepsinMobility
Chapter9.SecuringIPv6Networks
SecurityThreatsandBestPracticestoProtectAgainstThem
ToolsAvailableforSecuringIPv6Networks

SummaryofBestPracticesforSecuringIPv6Deployments
Chapter10.ManagingIPv6Networks
IPv6NetworkManagement:TheChallenges
Network-ManagementArchitecture
RetrievingInformationfromRoutersandSwitches
FaultManagement
PerformanceManagement
ConfigurationandProvisioningManagement
ManagementPlatforms
IPv6NetworkManagementServicesandToolsataGlance
Chapter11.NetworkPerformanceConsiderations:CoexistenceofIPv4and
IPv6
AspectsofRouterIPv6Performance
MeasuringForwardingPerformance
TheRightRouterfortheJob
IPv6RouterPerformanceEvaluationChecklist
PartII:DeploymentCaseStudies
Chapter12.GenericDeploymentPlanningGuidelines
CostAnalysis
AddressPoliciesandRegistrationProcess
Education
Chapter13.DeployingIPv6inanMPLSServiceProviderNetwork
NetworkEnvironment
NetworkDesignObjectives
NetworkDesign
BasicServicesDesignandImplementation
QualityofServiceDesign

OperatingandTroubleshootingtheNetwork
DesignLessons
Chapter14.DeployingIPv6inanIPServiceProviderNetwork
NetworkEnvironmentandIPv4Services
IPv6DeploymentPlans
BasicServicesDesignandImplementation
AdvancedServicesDesignandImplementation
OperatingandTroubleshootingtheNetwork
DeploymentLessons
Chapter15.DeployingIPv6inanEnterpriseNetwork
IntroducingACCorporation




ACNetworkEnvironment



BusinessDriverstoIntegrateIPv6ontheACNetwork



LearningtheTechnology



MovingIPv6toProduction

DesignandSetup

Troubleshooting

FutureEvolutions

Index


Copyright
DeployingIPv6Networks
CiprianPopoviciu,EricLevy-Abegnoli,PatrickGrossetete
Copyright©2006CiscoSystems,Inc.
Publishedby:
CiscoPress
800East96thStreet
Indianapolis,IN46240USA
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyany
informationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutwritten
permissionfromthepublisher,exceptfortheinclusionofbrief
quotationsinareview.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1234567890
FirstPrintingFebruary2006
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationNumber:
2004108530

TrademarkAcknowledgments
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobe

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capitalized.CiscoPressorCiscoSystems,Inc.cannotattestto


theaccuracyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbook
shouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofany
trademarkorservicemark.

WarningandDisclaimer
Thisbookisdesignedtoprovideinformationaboutthe
deploymentofIPv6.Everyefforthasbeenmadetomakethis
bookascompleteandasaccurateaspossible,butnowarranty
orfitnessisimplied.
Theinformationisprovidedonan"asis"basis.Theauthor,
CiscoPress,andCiscoSystems,Inc.shallhaveneitherliability
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Theopinionsexpressedinthisbookbelongtotheauthorand
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CorporateandGovernmentSales
CiscoPressoffersexcellentdiscountsonthisbookwhen
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Formoreinformationpleasecontact:U.S.Corporateand
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users...ElisaandMikael.




AbouttheAuthors
CiprianPopoviciu,CCIENo.4499,isatechnicalleaderat
CiscoSystemswithmorethaneightyearsofexperience
designing,testing,andtroubleshootinglargeIPnetworks.As
partoftheCiscoNetworkSolutionIntegrationTestEngineering
(NSITE)organization,hecurrentlyfocusesonthearchitecture,
design,andtestoflargeIPv6networkdeploymentsindirect
collaborationwithserviceprovidersworldwide.Hecontributed
tovariouspublicationsandtheIETF.Ciprianholdsabachelorof
sciencedegreefromBabes-BolyaiUniversity,amasterof
sciencedegreeandadoctoratedegreeinphysicsfromthe
UniversityofMiami.
EricLevy-AbegnoliisatechnicalleaderintheIPTechnologies
EngineeringgroupatCiscoSystems,whereheisthetechnical
leadforIPv6developmentinIOS.Erichasworkedwiththe
CiscoIPv6implementationsince2001,andhasbeeninvolvedin
someofthebiggestIPv6deployments.BeforejoiningCisco,
EricworkedforIBM,wherehesuccessivelyledadevelopment
teamintheNetworkingHardwareDivisionandaresearchteam
attheThomasJ.WatsonResearchCenter,focusingon
networkingandcontent-deliveryplatforms.Ericreceivedthe
Diplomed'IngenieurfromtheEcoleCentraledeLyon,France.
PatrickGrossetete,managerofproductmanagementatCisco

Systems,isresponsibleforasuiteofCiscoIOSsoftware
technologiesincludingIPv6andIPMobility.Heisamemberof
theIPv6ForumTechnicalDirectorateandmanagesCisco's
participationintheforum.InJune2003,hereceivedthe"IPv6
ForumInternetPioneerAward"attheSanDiegosummit.
PatrickjoinedCiscoin1994asaconsultingengineer.Before
joiningCisco,PatrickworkedforDigitalEquipmentCorporation
asaconsultingengineerandwasinvolvedwithnetworkdesign
anddeployment.Hereceivedadegreeincomputertechnology


fromtheControlDataInstitute,Paris,France.


AbouttheContributor
PascalThuberthasbeenwiththeTechnologyCentersince
joiningCiscoSystemsin2000.Heleadsagroupthathasbeen
workingonIPv6networkingmobilityforthepastfiveyears.
PascalistheauthorofanumberofInternetdraftsandIETF
workinggroupdocuments,inparticularRFC3963(NEMO).He
wrotetheinitialimplementationofIPv6networkmobilityand
experimentedwithanumberofadditionalfeaturesforroute
optimizationandMANET.Someoftheseexperimentswere
conductedwithautomakers,andhisteam,togetherwiththe
RenaultProspect&Researchdivision,wontheJunMURAI
awardin2003fortheirIPv6e-Vehicleproject.BeforeCisco,
PascalwasaleadnetworkarchitectatIBM.


AbouttheTechnicalReviewers

BlairBuchanan,CCIENo.1427,isaseniortechnicalarchitect
andconvergencestrategistwithSherwoodCameronAssociates
Limited,inOttawa,Canada.Hehas30yearsexperienceinthe
communicationsbusiness.Hebeganhiscareerasasoftware
developerforreal-timedatacommunicationsinprocess-control
applications.BlairhasparticipatedinISOstandards
developmentandhastakenleadrolesininternetworkdesign
forlargeenterpriseandserviceproviderbusinessesinCanada
andtheUnitedStates.Heiscurrentlyinvolvedinplanningand
designinginternetworksforconvergedservicesovermetro
EthernetandIPVPNinfrastructures.Blairholdsabachelor
degreeincomputerscienceandmathematicsfromthe
UniversityofWesternOntario(1975).Hisinvolvementwith
Ciscobeganin1992asaCiscoinstructorandin1995asa
CCIE.
GunterVandeVeldeisaseniornetworkconsultingengineer
ontheCiscoSystem'sAdvancedServicesteam,andhasbeen
workinginthefieldofcorenetworkdesign,andthe
implementationofIPv6,sinceearly2001.Gunterreceivedhis
master'sdegreeinelectronicsin1993.Aftergraduating,his
firstprofessionalactivitieswerebasedonTDMs,modems,and
L2bridges.HejoinedCiscoSystemsin1997,initiallyproviding
reactiveworldwidesupportaspartoftheTechnicalAssistance
Center,specializinginIProutingprotocoltechnologies.In1999,
hejoinedtheAdvancedServicesorganizationasanetwork
consultingengineer,wherehehasbeenactiveindesigning
largebackboneISPnetworksandservices.
Since2001,Gunterhasbeenworkingasadesignarchitectfor
theEuropeanCommissionsponsored6NETIPv6project,andthis
yearhasbecomeinvolvedwiththeIETF,forwhichheis

authoringanumberofdraftsinthev6opsworkinggroup.
GunterisamemberoftheIPv6TaskForce,andisaregular


speakeratIPv6conferencesandevents.
DanWillistonisatechnicalleaderatCiscoSystemsinOttawa.
Hewasakeymemberofthesoftwaredevelopmentteam
responsibleforIPv6ontheCisco12000seriesrouter.Priorto
joiningCisco,heworkedatNortelNetworksasasenior
softwaredesignerandteamleaderoninter-LANswitchingon
thePassport6400.Intheearly1990s,heworkedatNorlite
Technology,whichdevelopedPC-basedcomputerintegrated
telephonyapplicationsandhardware.Danhas17years
experienceintelecommunicationsanddatanetworkingand
holdsabachelor'sdegreeinelectricalengineeringfromMcGill
University.


Acknowledgments
ThisbookbenefitedfromtheeffortsofallCiscoengineerswho
shareourenthusiasmforthenextgenerationofIPandwork
tirelesslytoimplement,test,anddeployit.Amongthem,there
areafewtowhomweareparticularlygrateful:OleTroan,for
hisencouragementandsupportofthiswork,alongwithhis
contributiontoChapters3and7;PascalThubert,forhiskey
contributiontoChapter8;SeanConveryandDarrinMiller,for
theirguidanceandcontributiontoChapter9;andBenoit
Lourdelet,forhiscontributiontoChapter11.Wealsowantto
acknowledgethesupportofGunterVanDeVelde,Jean-Marc
Barozet,FaycalHadj,GillesClugnac,FlorisGranvarlet,Tim

Gleeson,StanYates,LucRevardel,VincentRibiere,Richard
Gayraud,FrancoisLeFaucheur,AlunEvans,TomKiely,Kevin
Miles,TinPhan,andMinLi.
WewanttothankourtechnicalreviewersDanWilliston,Gunter
VandeVelde,andBlairBuchananfortheirthoroughreviewand
theirvaluablesuggestions.
Specialthanksgotoourextraordinaryeditorialteam,
particularlyGrantMunroe,RainaHan,andJohnKane.
Thisprojectcouldnothavebeencompletedwithoutthesupport
ofourfamiliesandfriends.


IconsUsedinThisBook


CommandSyntaxConventions
Theconventionsusedtopresentcommandsyntaxinthisbook
arethesameconventionsusedintheIOSCommandReference.
TheCommandReferencedescribestheseconventionsas
follows:
Boldfaceindicatescommandsandkeywordsthatare
enteredliterallyasshown.
Italicsindicateargumentsforwhichyousupplyactual
values.
Verticalbars(|)separatealternative,mutuallyexclusive
elements.
Squarebrackets[]indicateoptionalelements.
Braces{}indicatearequiredchoice.
Braceswithinbrackets[{}]indicatearequiredchoice
withinanoptionalelement.

Introduction
Thereisnodoubtthatinformationtechnologieshavebecomea
significantpartofourlives,shapingingreatmeasuretheway
peoplework,learn,andplay.Theirrisetoprominencewas
acceleratedoverthepastdecadebycomputercommunications.
Networkedcomputingdeviceshaveproventobemuchmore
thantheirsum.Thisconceptledtotremendousproductivity
increasesandaplethoraofnewservicesthatexpandedits
scopefromresearchcommunities,tooffices,tolarge
corporations,andtotheWorldWideWeb.
Unprecedentedengineeringinnovationrapidlyimproved
networkingtechnologiesinlockstepwiththefastadoptionof
computercommunications(whichnaturallyrequirelarger,
faster,andfeature-richinfrastructures).Ontheotherhand,the
trendofconvergingallcommunications,data,voice,andvideo
toasinglenetworkingprotocolrevealedaresourceconstraint
tothefurtheradoptionofcomputer-communication-based
services.IPv4'saddressspacecannotmeettheneedsofan
ever-increasingdemandforgloballyreachableIPdevices.New
servicesmakeaddresspreservationafutilepursuit,with
mechanismssuchasNetworkAddressTranslationbecoming
anachronismsthatblockfurtherinnovation.
WiththeloomingexhaustionoftheglobalIPv4addressspace
andwiththeprivateaddressspaceprovinginadequatefor
today'snetworks,serviceproviders,enterprises,IPappliances
manufacturers,applicationdevelopers,andgovernmentsare

nowlookingattheevolutionofIP:IPv6.Theforeseenaddress
exhaustionhasbeenthetriggerandthedriverformovinginto
anewaddressingdimension.IPv6,however,ismorethanjust
anextensionoftheaddressspace.Significantreengineering
effortswereappliedtosolvingprotocol,deployment,and
operationissues.YoushouldexpectIPv6tobeabetterprotocol


thanIPv4.IPv6isIPv4'sfuture,happeningnow!
TheIPv6protocolanditsdeploymentrepresentthescopeof
thisbook.




GoalsandMethods
ThemostimportantgoalofthisbookistoshowthatIPv6isa
maturetechnologyanditisreadyfordeployment.Itgoes
beyonddiscussingthebasicsoftheprotocolwhileremaining
accessibletothoseunfamiliarwithIPv6.Withthisbookinhand,
youwillnotonlyunderstandIPv6but,mostimportant,will
knowhowtoplan,design,anddeployIPv6services.
Countlessbooksdocumentandexplainthevastsetofprotocols
andfeaturesknownunderthenameofIPv4.Althoughits
evolutionarynatureallowsIPv6tobackreferencemanyofits
protocolsandfeatures,detailingallthechangesand
improvementsmadewouldrequiremorethanthisbook.Onthe
otherhand,IPv6hasyettoenterthemainstreamandis
outpacingmanyofthereferencebooksonthemarket.This
createstheriskofmakinganypuredeploymentcasestudy

discussiondifficulttofollow.Theseconsiderationsshapedthe
methodologyemployedinthisbook.
ThemostimportantchangesinthefoundationofIP,suchas
addressingarchitecture,packetformat,andlayer2-to-layer3
addressresolution,arereviewedindetail.Alltheother
protocolsandfeaturesarediscussedinthecontextofaservice
suchasunicast,multicast,virtualprivatenetworks,qualityof
service,andsecurity.Thegoalistoprovidethereaderwiththe
understandingandtoolsneededtodeploytherespective
services.Thisapproachgivesapracticaldimensiontothe
informationpresented.Thisknowledgeisreinforcedinthe
secondpartofthebook,wherethereadercanseeitappliedto
concrete,completedeploymentcasestudies.Deployment
planning,deploymentcosts,performance,andIPv4IPv6
coexistencetopicsarealsocoveredtofurtheranchorthe
discussionintoreal-lifedeploymentchallenges.
Allcoveredtopicsarecomplementedwithconfiguration


examplesaswellasdebugoutputswhereveruseful.Thecase
studiesstartwithadescriptionoftheexistentIPv4network
environment.Theygothroughplanninganddesign
considerationsandpresentintheendconfigurationofkey
networkelements.Youcanleveragethisknowledge
immediatelyinareal,CiscoIOS-basednetworkinfrastructure.
Insummary,thisbook'sgoalsareto:
Providerelevant,advancedIPv6informationfroma
deploymentperspective.
HelpyouplanIPv6deploymentsbyofferingguidelinesand
referencestorelevantresources.

Provideyoutheopportunitytopracticetheacquired
knowledgeoncompletecasestudies.
Offerdeploymentexamplesthatcanbeusedasareference
indesigningIPv6services.


WhoShouldReadThisBook?
Thisbookwillbeofinteresttoaratherlargeaudience,
potentiallyallpeopleinvolvedwithIPcommunicationsinone
wayoranother.Researchers,applicationdevelopers,andIP
appliancemanufacturerscanlearntheprotocolandpossible
waystoharnesstheIPv6infrastructuresofthefuture.However,
thisbookprimarilytargetsthosewhodesign,plan,deploy,and
operateIPnetworksandservices.Networkingprofessionalswill
findthisbooktakingthemfromminimalornoIPv6familiarity
tobeingabletoplan,deploy,andoperateIPv6networks.


HowThisBookIsOrganized
Althougheachchapterofthisbookcanbeusedindependently
tolearnacertainaspectofIPv6,thebook'sstructurehasa
cleardidacticdimension.Itintendstobuildtheknowledgelayer
bylayer,orIPservicebyIPservice,andinclosingtoofferaset
ofexercisesintheformofcasestudies.
PartIprovidesthetechnologytoolsneededtoapproachthe
designanddeploymentofanIPv6network.Theknowledgeis
groupedaroundIPservices,eachmappedtoachapter.Itstarts
withenablingunicastconnectivity,thefoundationofany
network,andfollowswithQoS,multicast,VPNs,IPmobility,
security,andnetworkmanagement.Thesecondpartofthe

book,usheredinbyadiscussionofdeploymentplanning,
coversthreecompletecasestudiesthatmaptothreedistinct
environments:MPLS-basedserviceprovider,IP-basedservice
provider,andenterprise.
Chapters1through15coverthefollowingtopics:

PartI
Chapter1,"TheCaseforIPv6AnUpdated
Perspective"ThischapterbuildsthecaseforIPv6froma
technicalperspective.Itsummarizesthedifferences
betweenIPv4andIPv6,andintheprocessofdrawinga
parallelbetweenthetwoversionsofIP,thischapterreviews
themajorconceptsandchallengesthatpeoplemanagein
theircurrentnetwork.Thus,itprovidesaframeworkforthe
IPv6discussionintherestofthebook.
Chapter2,"AnIPv6Refresher"Thischapterdiscusses
thefundamentalsofIPv6andsomeoftheareasthatsaw