Cisco press top down network design 2nd edition may 2004 ISBN 1587051524
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Top-DownNetworkDesignSecond
Edition
ByPriscillaOppenheimer
Publisher :CiscoPress
PubDate :May27,2004
ISBN :1-58705-152-4
Pages :600
Asystemsanalysisapproachtoenterprisenetworkdesign
Mastertechniquesforcheckingthehealthofanexisting
networktodevelopabaselineformeasuringperformanceof
anewnetworkdesign
ExploresolutionsformeetingQoSrequirements,including
ATMtrafficmanagement,IETFcontrolled-loadand
guaranteedservices,IPmulticast,andadvancedswitching,
queuing,androutingalgorithms
Developnetworkdesignsthatprovidethehighbandwidth
andlowdelayrequiredforreal-timeapplicationssuchas
multimedia,distancelearning,andvideoconferencing
Tableof
•
Contents
• Index
Identifytheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvarious
switchingandroutingprotocols,includingtransparent
bridging,Inter-SwitchLink(ISL),IEEE802.1Q,IGRP,EIGRP,
OSPF,andBGP4
Effectivelyincorporatenewtechnologiesintoenterprise
networkdesigns,includingVPNs,wirelessnetworking,and
IPTelephony
Top-DownNetworkDesign,SecondEdition,isapracticaland
comprehensiveguidetodesigningenterprisenetworksthatare
reliable,secure,andmanageable.Usingillustrationsandrealworldexamples,itteachesasystematicmethodfornetwork
designthatcanbeappliedtocampusLANs,remote-access
networks,WANlinks,andlarge-scaleinternetworks.
Youwilllearntoanalyzebusinessandtechnicalrequirements,
examinetrafficflowandQoSrequirements,andselectprotocols
andtechnologiesbasedonperformancegoals.Youwillalso
developanunderstandingofnetworkperformancefactorssuchas
networkutilization,throughput,accuracy,efficiency,delay,and
jitter.Severalchartsandjobaidswillhelpyouapplyatop-down
approachtonetworkdesign.
ThisSecondEditionhasbeenrevisedtoincludenewandupdated
materialonwirelessnetworks,virtualprivatenetworks(VPNs),
networksecurity,networkredundancy,modularityinnetwork
designs,dynamicaddressingforIPv4andIPv6,newnetwork
designandmanagementtools,Ethernetscalabilityoptions
(including10-GbpsEthernet,MetroEthernet,andLong-Reach
Ethernet),andnetworksthatcarryvoiceanddatatraffic.
Top-DownNetworkDesign,SecondEdition,hasacompanion
websiteat,whichincludesupdates
tothebook,linkstowhitepapers,andsupplementalinformation
aboutdesignresources.
ThisbookispartoftheNetworkingTechnologySeriesfromCisco
Press,whichoffersnetworkingprofessionalsvaluableinformation
forconstructingefficientnetworks,understandingnew
technologies,andbuildingsuccessfulcareers.
Top-DownNetworkDesignSecond
Edition
ByPriscillaOppenheimer
Publisher :CiscoPress
Tableof PubDate :May27,2004
•
ISBN :1-58705-152-4
Contents
Pages :600
• Index
Copyright
AbouttheAuthor
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
Acknowledgments
IconsUsedinThisBook
CommandSyntaxConventions
Introduction
ChangesfortheSecondEdition
Objectives
Organization
PartII:LogicalNetworkDesign
PartIV:Testing,Optimizing,andDocumentingYourNetworkDesign
Audience
PartI:IdentifyingYourCustomer'sNeedsandGoals
PartIII:PhysicalNetworkDesign
CompanionWebsite
PartI.IdentifyingYourCustomer'sNeedsandGoals
Chapter1.AnalyzingBusinessGoalsandConstraints
UsingaTop-DownNetworkDesignMethodology
AnalyzingBusinessGoals
BusinessGoalsChecklist
AnalyzingBusinessConstraints
Summary
Chapter2.AnalyzingTechnicalGoalsandTradeoffs
Scalability
Availability
Security
Usability
Affordability
TechnicalGoalsChecklist
NetworkPerformance
Manageability
Adaptability
MakingNetworkDesignTradeoffs
Summary
Chapter3.CharacterizingtheExistingInternetwork
CheckingtheHealthoftheExistingInternetwork
NetworkHealthChecklist
CharacterizingtheNetworkInfrastructure
ToolsforCharacterizingtheExistingInternetwork
Summary
Chapter4.CharacterizingNetworkTraffic
CharacterizingTrafficFlow
CharacterizingTrafficLoad
CharacterizingQualityofServiceRequirements
Summary
CharacterizingTrafficBehavior
NetworkTrafficChecklist
SummaryforPartI
PartII.LogicalNetworkDesign
Chapter5.DesigningaNetworkTopology
HierarchicalNetworkDesign
RedundantNetworkDesignTopologies
DesigningaCampusNetworkDesignTopology
SecureNetworkDesignTopologies
ModularNetworkDesign
DesigningtheEnterpriseEdgeTopology
Summary
Chapter6.DesigningModelsforAddressingandNaming
GuidelinesforAssigningNetworkLayerAddresses
UsingaHierarchicalModelforAssigningAddresses
Summary
DesigningaModelforNaming
Chapter7.SelectingSwitchingandRoutingProtocols
MakingDecisionsasPartoftheTop-DownNetworkDesignProcess
SelectingRoutingProtocols
Summary
SelectingBridgingandSwitchingProtocols
ASummaryofIP,AppleTalk,andIPXRoutingProtocols
Chapter8.DevelopingNetworkSecurityStrategies
NetworkSecurityDesign
ModularizingSecurityDesign
SecurityMechanisms
Summary
Chapter9.DevelopingNetworkManagementStrategies
NetworkManagementDesign
NetworkManagementProcesses
SelectingProtocolsforNetworkManagement
Summary
NetworkManagementArchitectures
SelectingToolsforNetworkManagement
SummaryforPartII
PartIII.PhysicalNetworkDesign
Chapter10.SelectingTechnologiesandDevicesforCampusNetworks
LANCablingPlantDesign
LANTechnologies
AnExampleofaCampusNetworkDesign
SelectingInternetworkingDevicesforaCampusNetworkDesign
Summary
Chapter11.SelectingTechnologiesandDevicesforEnterpriseNetworks
Remote-AccessTechnologies
SelectingRemote-AccessDevicesforanEnterpriseNetworkDesign
AnExampleofaWANDesign
WANTechnologies
Summary
SummaryforPartIII
PartIV.Testing,Optimizing,andDocumentingYourNetworkDesign
Chapter12.TestingYourNetworkDesign
UsingIndustryTests
ToolsforTestingaNetworkDesign
BuildingandTestingaPrototypeNetworkSystem
AnExampleofaNetworkDesignTestingScenario
Summary
Chapter13.OptimizingYourNetworkDesign
OptimizingBandwidthUsagewithIPMulticastTechnologies
OptimizingNetworkPerformancetoMeetQualityofServiceRequirements
CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemFeaturesforOptimizingNetwork
Performance
Summary
ReducingSerializationDelay
Chapter14.DocumentingYourNetworkDesign
RespondingtoaCustomer'sRequestforProposal
ContentsofaNetworkDesignDocument
Summary
AppendixA.CharacterizingNetworkTrafficWhenWorkstationsBoot
NovellNetWarePackets
AppleTalkPackets
TCP/IPDHCPPackets
NetBIOSwithWINSPackets
TCP/IPPackets
NetBIOS(NetBEUI)Packets
SNAPackets
AppendixB.ReferencesandRecommendedReading
Glossary
A
B
C
E
G-H
J-K-L
N
Q-R
T
V
D
F
I
M
O-P
S
U
W
X-Z
Index
Copyright
Copyright©2004CiscoSystems,Inc.
Publishedby:
CiscoPress
800East96thStreet
Indianapolis,IN46240USA
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyany
informationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutwritten
permissionfromthepublisher,exceptfortheinclusionofbrief
quotationsinareview.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1234567890
FirstPrintingJune2004
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationNumber:
2003107988
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Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobe
trademarksorservicemarkshavebeenappropriately
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theaccuracyofthisinformation.Useofaterminthisbook
shouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofany
trademarkorservicemark.
WarningandDisclaimer
Thisbookisdesignedtoprovideinformationabouttop-down
networkdesign.Everyefforthasbeenmadetomakethisbook
ascompleteandasaccurateaspossible,butnowarrantyor
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there'saway."
AbouttheAuthor
PriscillaOppenheimerhasbeendevelopingdata
communicationsandnetworkingsystemssince1980whenshe
earnedhermaster'sdegreeininformationsciencefromthe
UniversityofMichigan.Aftermanyyearsasasoftware
developer,shebecameatechnicalinstructorandtraining
developerandtaughtmorethan2000networkengineersfrom
mostoftheFortune500companies.Heremploymentatsuch
companiesasAppleComputer,NetworkGeneral,andCisco
Systemsgaveherachancetotroubleshootreal-worldnetwork
designproblemsandtheopportunitytodevelopapractical
methodologyforenterprisenetworkdesign.Priscillawasoneof
thedevelopersoftheCiscoInternetworkDesigncourseandthe
creatoroftheDesigningCiscoNetworkscourse,andisaCCNP
andCCDP.Priscillacurrentlyteachescomputernetworkingat
SouthernOregonUniversity.
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
MatthewH.Birkner,CCIENo.3719,isaTechnicalAdvisorat
CiscoSystems,wherehespecializesinIP,MPLS,andQoS
networkdesign.Hehasinfluencedmanylargecarrierand
enterprisenetworkdesignsworldwide.Matthasspokenon
MPLSattheUnitedStatesandEMEACiscoNetworkersoverthe
pastfewyears.Matt,adoubleCCIE,wrotetheCiscoPressbook
CiscoInternetworkDesign.Mattholdsabachelor'sofsciencein
electricalengineeringfromTuftsUniversity.
BlairBuchanan,CCIENo.1427,isaseniortechnicalarchitect
andconvergencestrategistwithSherwoodCameronAssociates
Limited,inOttawa,Canada.Hehas28yearsexperienceinthe
communicationsbusinesswherehebeganhiscareerasa
softwaredeveloperforreal-timedatacommunicationsin
process-controlapplications.BlairhasparticipatedinISO
standardsdevelopmentandtakenleadrolesininternetwork
designforlargeenterpriseandserviceproviderbusinessesin
CanadaandtheUnitedStates.Heiscurrentlyinvolvedin
planninganddesigninginternetworksforconvergedservices.
Blairholdsabachelor'sdegreeincomputerscienceand
mathematicsfromtheUniversityofWesternOntario(1975).He
beganteachingCiscocoursesin1992andmaintainshisCisco
RoutingandSwitchingCCIEcertification.
Dr.PeterJ.Welcher,CCIENo.1773,CCIP,CCSI,hasaPh.D.
inmathfromMIT.HestartedoutteachingmathattheU.S.
NavalAcademywhilesimultaneouslybuyingandmaintaining
UNIXsystems,writingabook,andwritingamajorcomputer
programinC.Hesawthelightin1993,andthentaughtawide
varietyoftheCiscocoursesforMentorTechnologies,formerly
ChesapeakeComputerConsultants,whilealsodoingnetwork
consultingwheneverpossible.Peteisnowdoinghigh-level
networkconsultingwithChesapeakeNetcraftsmen,withtasks
includingnetworkdesign,security,QoS,andIPtelephonyfor
severalmajorenterprisecustomers.Hehasreviewedalarge
numberofbooksforCiscoPressandotherpublishers,andhas
authoredormanageddevelopmentofseveralcoursesforCisco
andothers.PetewritesarticlesforEnterpriseNetworking
Magazine.Hecanalsosometimesbefoundpresentinghisown
seminarsatEastCoastCiscooffices,ontopicsrangingfrom
campusdesigntoWLANsecurity.Thearticlesandseminarscan
befoundat />
Acknowledgments
IwouldliketothankthestaffandcontractorsatCiscoPressfor
theirhardworkonthisbookproject.Iamalsogratefulforthe
hardworkofthetechnicalreviewers,MatthewBirkner,Blair
Buchanan,andDr.PeterWelcher.Theyreadtheentire
manuscriptandmademanyhelpfulsuggestions.Itake
responsibilityforanyerrorsandformydecisiontoretainmore
legacymaterialthanthereviewersadvised.Ialsowishtothank
thetechnicalreviewersforthefirstedition,Dr.AlexCannara,
DavidJansson,andHankMauldin.Theirterrificcontributions
arestillevidentinthesecondedition.
IwasremissinnotacknowledgingHowardBerkowitzinthefirst
editionandIamgladtohavetheopportunitytoremedythat
now.IhavelearnedanenormousamountfromHowardsinceI
firstmethimin1995whenhereviewedmyworkontheCisco
InternetworkDesigncourse.Ihaveremainedafaneversince
andacknowledgehisinfluenceonmanyoftheconceptsinthis
book.
IwouldalsoliketothankotherguruswithwhomIhaveworked
overtheyears,includingJosephBardwellandAnitaLenkfrom
Connect802,andmycolleaguesontheGroupStudydiscussion
groupwhohaveansweredmanytechnicalquestions.This
includes,butisnotlimitedto,PaulBorghese(themoderator),
MartyAdkins,KenChipps,DanielCotts,AnnleeHines,Chuck
Larrieu,LarryLetterman,TomLisa,DavidMadland,Jenny
McLeod,JohnNeiberger,FredReimer,PetervanOene,Scott
Vermillion,AlaerteVidali,andCyrusWekesa.
IamgratefulformycolleaguesandstudentsatSouthern
OregonUniversitywhohaveengagedmeinmanyinteresting
technicaldialogues.Thisincludes,butisnotlimitedto,Dr.Dan
Wilson,Dr.LynnAckler,LouisKowolowski,JasonMoreland
(LittleJason),andJasonWinters(BigJason).
Finally,IwouldliketothankAlanOppenheimerwhothroughout
thisprojectactedasmyagent,technicaladvisor,therapist,
chef,andbestfriend.Pleasedon'tblamehimfortheAppleTalk
examplesinthebook.Asmentioned,Itakeresponsibilityfor
mydecisiontoretainlegacymaterialwhereIthoughtitwould
helpthereaderunderstandprotocolbehavioranddevelopment.
IconsUsedinThisBook
[Viewfullsizeimage]
CommandSyntaxConventions
Theconventionsusedtopresentcommandsyntaxinthisbook
arethesameconventionsusedintheIOSCommandReference.
TheCommandReferencedescribestheseconventionsas
follows:
Boldfaceindicatescommandsandkeywordsthatare
enteredliterallyasshown.Inactualconfigurationexamples
andoutput(notgeneralcommandsyntax),boldface
indicatescommandsthataremanuallyinputbytheuser
(suchasashowcommand).
Italicsindicateargumentsforwhichyousupplyactual
values.
Verticalbars(|)separatealternative,mutuallyexclusive
elements.
Squarebrackets[]indicateoptionalelements.
Braces{}indicatearequiredchoice.
Braceswithinbrackets[{}]indicatearequiredchoice
withinanoptionalelement.
Introduction
Newbusinesspracticesaredrivingchangesinenterprise
networks.Thetransitionfromanindustrialtoaninformation
economyhaschangedhowemployeesdotheirjobs,andthe
emergenceofaglobaleconomyofunprecedented
competitivenesshasacceleratedthespeedatwhichcompanies
mustadapttotechnologicalandfinancialchanges.
Toreducethetimetodevelopandmarketproducts,companies
areempoweringemployeestomakestrategicdecisionsthat
requireaccesstosales,marketing,financial,andengineering
data.Employeesatcorporateheadquartersandinworldwide
fieldoffices,aswellastelecommutersinhomeoffices,need
immediateaccesstodata,regardlessofwhetherthedataison
centralizedordepartmentalservers.
Todevelop,sell,anddistributeproductsintodomesticand
foreignmarkets,businessesareformingallianceswithlocaland
internationalpartners.Businessesarecarefullyplanningtheir
networkdesignstomeetsecuritygoalswhilealsooffering
networkaccesstoresellers,vendors,customers,prospective
customers,andcontractworkerslocatedallovertheworld.
Toaccommodateincreasingrequirementsforremoteaccess,
security,bandwidth,scalability,andreliability,vendorsand
standardsbodiesintroducenewprotocolsandtechnologiesata
rapidrate.Networkdesignersarechallengedtodevelopstateof-the-artnetworkseventhoughthestateoftheartis
continuallychanging.
Whetheryouareanovicenetworkdesigneroraseasoned
networkarchitect,youprobablyhaveconcernsabouthowto
designanetworkthatcankeeppacewiththeaccelerating
changesintheinternetworkingindustry.Thegoalofthisbookis
toteachasystematicdesignmethodologythatcanhelpyou
meetanorganization'srequirements,regardlessofthenewness
orcomplexityofapplicationsandtechnologies.
ChangesfortheSecondEdition
ThefirsteditionofTop-DownNetworkDesigntaughtaclassic
methodfornetworkdesignthatisstillrelevanttoday.Atopdownprocessfocusesonrequirementsanalysisand
architecturaldesign,whichshouldbecompletedbeforethe
selectionofspecificnetworkcomponents.Atop-downprocess
canbeappliedtonetworksofallsorts,includingold-fashioned
networkswith10-MbpsEthernetorTokenRing,aswellas
modernnetworkswithGigabitEthernet,SynchronousOptical
Network(SONET),andwirelessnetworking.
Despitethetimelessnatureofthetop-downprocess,some
adjustmentsmustbemadetoaccommodatemodernbusiness
practices.Businessgoalsfluctuatewithpoliticalandeconomic
changes.BusinessgoalsalsoevolveasHumanResources(HR)
policieschange.Networkdesignmustevolvewiththese
changes.
Inthepastfewyears,thefollowingbusinessgoalsand
concernshaveemergedorre-emergedastop-priority
requirementsfornetworkdesigns:
Aneedtosupportmobileandremoteusers
Anincreasedneedfornetworksecurity
Anincreasedneedforresilientnetworks
Anincreasedneedformanageablenetworks
Arenewedrecognitionthatnetworkprojectsmustbe
prioritizedbasedonfiscalgoals
Arenewedfocusontheeconomicbenefitsofmergingvoice
anddatanetworks
Toaddressthesebusinessrequirements,thesecondeditionof
Top-DownNetworkDesignhasnewandupdatedmaterialon
thefollowingtopics:
Wirelessnetworks
Virtualprivatenetworks(VPNs)
Networksecurity
Networkredundancy
Modularityinnetworkdesigns
DynamicaddressingforIPv4andIPv6
Newnetworkdesignandmanagementtools
Ethernetscalabilityoptions,including10-GbpsEthernet,
MetroEthernet,andLong-ReachEthernet
Designingnetworksthatcancarryvoiceanddatatraffic
Objectives
ThepurposeofTop-DownNetworkDesign,SecondEditionisto
helpyoudesignnetworksthatmeetacustomer'sbusinessand
technicalgoals.Whetheryourcustomerisanotherdepartment
withinyourowncompanyoranexternalclient,thisbook
providesyouwithtestedprocessesandtoolstohelpyou
understandtrafficflow,protocolbehavior,andinternetworking
technologies.Aftercompletingthisbook,youwillbeequipped
todesignenterprisenetworksthatmeetacustomer's
requirementsforfunctionality,capacity,performance,
availability,scalability,affordability,security,andmanageability.
