Professional android 2 application development

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Meier

Written by an Android authority, this up-to-date resource shows you
how to leverage the features of Android 2 to enhance existing
products or create innovative new ones. Serving as a hands-on guide
to building mobile apps using Android, the book walks you through
a series of sample projects that introduces you to Android’s new features
and techniques. Using the explanations and examples included in
these pages, you’ll acquire the foundation needed to write compelling
mobile applications that use Android, along with the flexibility to
quickly adapt to future enhancements.
Professional Android 2 Application Development:
• Reviews Android as a development platform and best practices
for mobile development
• Details creating layouts and Views to produce compelling resolution
independent user interfaces
• Examines Intents and Content Providers for sharing data
• Introduces techniques for creating map-based applications and using
location-based services such as GPS
• Looks at how to create and use background Services, Notifications,
and Alarms

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• Examines using hardware, including the camera and sensors such
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• Demonstrates how to create interactive homescreen components

Reto Meier is a software developer who has been involved in Android since the
initial release in 2007. He is an Android Developer Advocate at Google.
Wrox Professional guides are planned and written by working programmers
to meet the real-world needs of programmers, developers, and IT professionals.
Focused and relevant, they address the issues technology professionals face every
day. They provide examples, practical solutions, and expert education in new
technologies, all designed to help programmers do a better job.

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PROFESSIONAL
ANDROID™ 2 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
CHAPTER 1

Hello, Android . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 2

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

CHAPTER 3

Creating Applications and Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

CHAPTER 4

Creating User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

CHAPTER 5

Intents, Broadcast Receivers, Adapters,
and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

CHAPTER 6

Files, Saving State, and Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

CHAPTER 7

Databases and Content Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

CHAPTER 8

Maps, Geocoding, and Location-Based Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

CHAPTER 9

Working in the Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

CHAPTER 10

Invading the Phone-Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

CHAPTER 11

Audio, Video, and Using the Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

CHAPTER 12

Telephony and SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

CHAPTER 13

Bluetooth, Networks, and Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

CHAPTER 14

Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

CHAPTER 15

Advanced Android Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529


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PROFESSIONAL

Android™ 2 Application Development
Reto Meier

Wiley Publishing, Inc.


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Professional Android™ 2 Application Development
Published by

Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256

www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
ISBN: 978-0-470-56552-0
Manufactured in the United States of America
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at
/>Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to
the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation
warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The
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Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are
trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries,
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of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.


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To Kristy


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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

RETO MEIER is originally from Perth, Western Australia, but now lives in London.

He currently works as an Android Developer Advocate at Google, helping Android app developers create the best applications possible. Reto is an experienced software developer with more than
10 years of experience in GUI application development. Before Google, he worked in various industries, including offshore oil and gas and finance.
Always interested in emerging technologies, Reto has been involved in Android since the initial
release in 2007. In his spare time, he tinkers with a wide range of development platforms, including
Google’s plethora of developer tools.
You can check out Reto’s web site, The Radioactive Yak, at or
follow him on twitter at />
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITOR

MILAN NARENDRA SHAH graduated with a BSc Computer Science degree from the University of

Southampton. He has been working as a software engineer for more than seven years, with
experiences in C#, C/C++, and Java. He is married and lives in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.


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CREDITS

ACQUISITIONS EDITOR

Scott Meyers

VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE GROUP
PUBLISHER

Richard Swadley
PROJECT EDITOR

William Bridges

VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER

Barry Pruett
TECHNICAL EDITOR

Milan Narendra Shah

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

Jim Minatel
PRODUCTION EDITOR

Rebecca Anderson

PROJECT COORDINATOR, COVER

Lynsey Stanford
COPY EDITOR

Sadie Kleinman

PROOFREADER

Kyle Schlesinger, Word One
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR

Robyn B. Siesky

INDEXER

Robert Swanson
EDITORIAL MANAGER

Mary Beth Wakefield

COVER IMAGE

© Linda Bucklin/istockphoto
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING

David Mayhew

COVER DESIGNER

Michael E. Trent
PRODUCTION MANAGER

Tim Tate


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Most importantly I’d like to thank Kristy. Your support makes everything I do possible, and your
generous help ensured that this book was the best it could be. Without you it would never have
happened.
A big thank-you goes to Google and the Android team, particularly the Android engineers and my
colleagues in developer relations. The pace at which Android has grown and developed in the past
year is nothing short of phenomenal.
I also thank Scott Meyers for giving me the chance to bring this book up to date; and Bill Bridges,
Milan Shah, Sadie Kleinman, and the Wrox team for helping get it done.
Special thanks go out to the Android developer community. Your hard work and exciting applications have helped make Android a great success.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: HELLO, ANDROID

A Little Background
The Not-So-Distant Past
The Future

What It Isn’t
Android: An Open Platform for Mobile Development
Native Android Applications
Android SDK Features
Access to Hardware, Including Camera, GPS, and Accelerometer
Native Google Maps, Geocoding, and Location-Based Services
Background Services
SQLite Database for Data Storage and Retrieval
Shared Data and Interapplication Communication
Using Widgets, Live Folders, and Live Wallpaper to Enhance the
Home Screen
Extensive Media Support and 2D/3D Graphics
Optimized Memory and Process Management

Introducing the Open Handset Alliance

What Does Android Run On?
Why Develop for Mobile?
Why Develop for Android?
What Has and Will Continue to Drive Android Adoption?
What Does It Have That Others Don’t?
Changing the Mobile Development Landscape

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Introducing the Development Framework

12

What Comes in the Box
Understanding the Android Software Stack
The Dalvik Virtual Machine
Android Application Architecture
Android Libraries

12
13
14
15
16

Summary

16


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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED

Developing for Android
What You Need to Begin
Downloading and Installing the SDK
Developing with Eclipse
Using the Eclipse Plug-In
Creating Your First Android Application
Starting a New Android Project
Creating a Launch Configuration
Running and Debugging Your Android Applications
Understanding Hello World
Types of Android Applications
Foreground Applications
Background Services and Intent Receivers
Intermittent Applications
Widgets

Developing for Mobile Devices
Hardware-Imposed Design Considerations
Be Efficient
Expect Limited Capacity
Design for Small Screens
Expect Low Speeds, High Latency
At What Cost?
Considering the Users’ Environment
Developing for Android
Being Fast and Efficient
Being Responsive
Developing Secure Applications
Ensuring a Seamless User Experience

To-Do List Example
Android Development Tools
The Android Virtual Device and SDK Manager
Android Virtual Devices
SDK Manager
The Android Emulator
Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS)
The Android Debug Bridge (ADB)

Summary

xiv

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 3: CREATING APPLICATIONS AND ACTIVITIES

What Makes an Android Application?
Introducing the Application Manifest
Using the Manifest Editor
The Android Application Life Cycle
Understanding Application Priority and Process States
Externalizing Resources
Creating Resources
Creating Simple Values
Styles and Themes
Drawables
Layouts
Animations
Menus
Using Resources
Using Resources in Code
Referencing Resources within Resources
Using System Resources
Referring to Styles in the Current Theme
To-Do List Resources Example
Creating Resources for Different Languages and Hardware
Runtime Configuration Changes

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Introducing the Android Application Class

74

Extending and Using the Application Class
Overriding the Application Life Cycle Events

74
75

A Closer Look at Android Activities

Creating an Activity
The Activity Life Cycle
Activity Stacks
Activity States
Monitoring State Changes
Understanding Activity Lifetimes
Android Activity Classes

Summary
CHAPTER 4: CREATING USER INTERFACES

Fundamental Android UI Design
Introducing Views

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CONTENTS

Creating Activity User Interfaces with Views
The Android Widget Toolbox

Introducing Layouts

89

Using Layouts
Optimizing Layouts

89
91

Creating New Views
Modifying Existing Views
Customizing Your To-Do List
Creating Compound Controls
Creating Custom Views
Creating a New Visual Interface
Handling User Interaction Events
Creating a Compass View Example
Using Custom Controls

Drawable Resources
Shapes, Colors, and Gradients

Color Drawable
Shape Drawable
Gradient Drawable
Composite Drawables
Transformative Drawables
Layer Drawable
State List Drawables
Level List Drawables
NinePatch Drawable

Resolution and Density Independence
The Resource Framework and Resolution Independence
Resource Qualifiers for Screen Size and Pixel Density
Specifying Supported Screen Sizes
Best Practices for Resolution Independence
Relative Layouts and Density-Independent Pixels
Using Scalable Graphics Assets
Provide Optimized Resources for Different Screens
Testing, Testing, Testing
Emulator Skins
Testing for Custom Resolutions and Screen Sizes

Creating and Using Menus
Introducing the Android Menu System
Defining an Activity Menu
Menu Item Options

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CONTENTS

Dynamically Updating Menu Items
Handling Menu Selections
Submenus and Context Menus
Creating Submenus
Using Context Menus
Defining Menus in XML
To-Do List Example Continued

Summary
CHAPTER 5: INTENTS, BROADCAST RECEIVERS, ADAPTERS,
AND THE INTERNET

Introducing Intents
Using Intents to Launch Activities
Explicitly Starting New Activities

Implicit Intents and Late Runtime Binding
Returning Results from Activities
Native Android Actions
Using Intent Filters to Service Implicit Intents
How Android Resolves Intent Filters
Finding and Using the Launch Intent Within an Activity
Passing on Responsibility
Select a Contact Example
Using Intent Filters for Plug-Ins and Extensibility
Supplying Anonymous Actions to Applications
Incorporating Anonymous Actions in Your Activity’s Menu
Introducing Linkify
The Native Linkify Link Types
Creating Custom Link Strings
Using the Match Filter
Using the Transform Filter
Using Intents to Broadcast Events
Broadcasting Events with Intents
Listening for Broadcasts with Broadcast Receivers
Broadcasting Sticky and Ordered Intents
Native Android Broadcast Actions

Introducing Pending Intents
Introducing Adapters
Introducing Some Native Adapters
Customizing the Array Adapter
Using Adapters for Data Binding

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CONTENTS

Customizing the To-Do List Array Adapter
Using the Simple Cursor Adapter

Using Internet Resources
Connecting to an Internet Resource
Using Internet Resources

Introducing Dialogs
Introducing the Dialog Classes
The Alert Dialog Class
Specialist Input Dialogs
Using Activities as Dialogs
Managing and Displaying Dialogs

Creating an Earthquake Viewer
Summary
CHAPTER 6: FILES, SAVING STATE, AND PREFERENCES

Saving Simple Application Data
Creating and Saving Preferences
Retrieving Shared Preferences
Creating a Settings Activity for the Earthquake Viewer
Introducing the Preference Activity and Preferences Framework
Defining a Preference Screen Layout in XML
Native Preference Controls
Using Intents to Import System Preference Screens
Introducing the Preference Activity
Finding and Using Preference Screen Shared Preferences
Introducing Shared Preference Change Listeners

Creating a Standard Preference Activity for the Earthquake Viewer
Saving Activity State

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Saving and Restoring Instance State
Saving the To-Do List Activity State

203
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Saving and Loading Files
Including Static Files as Resources
File Management Tools
Summary

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CHAPTER 7: DATABASES AND CONTENT PROVIDERS

xviii

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Introducing Android Databases

209

Introducing SQLite Databases
Introducing Content Providers

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CONTENTS

Introducing SQLite
Cursors and Content Values

Working with SQLite Databases
Introducing the SQLiteOpenHelper
Opening and Creating Databases without SQLiteHelper
Android Database Design Considerations
Querying a Database
Extracting Results from a Cursor
Adding, Updating, and Removing Rows
Inserting New Rows
Updating a Row
Deleting Rows
Saving Your To-Do List

Creating a New Content Provider
Exposing Access to the Data Source
Registering Your Provider

Using Content Providers
Introducing Content Resolvers
Querying for Content
Adding, Updating, and Deleting Content
Inserts
Deletes
Updates
Accessing Files in Content Providers

Creating and Using an Earthquake Content Provider
Creating the Content Provider
Using the Provider

Native Android Content Providers

Using the Media Store Provider
Using the Contacts Provider
Introducing the Contacts Contract Content Provider
Reading Contact Details
Modifying and Augmenting Contact Details

Summary
CHAPTER 8: MAPS, GEOCODING, AND LOCATION-BASED SERVICES

Using Location-Based Services
Configuring the Emulator to Test Location-Based Services
Updating Locations in Emulator Location Providers

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CONTENTS

Selecting a Location Provider
Finding the Available Providers
Finding Location Providers Using Criteria

Finding Your Location
‘Where Am I?’ Example
Tracking Movement
Updating Your Location in ‘Where Am I?’

Using Proximity Alerts
Using the Geocoder
Reverse Geocoding
Forward Geocoding
Geocoding ‘Where Am I?’

Creating Map-Based Activities
Introducing Map View and Map Activity
Getting Your Maps API Key
Getting Your Development/Debugging MD5 Fingerprint
Getting your Production/Release MD5 Fingerprint
Creating a Map-Based Activity
Configuring and Using Map Views
Using the Map Controller
Mapping ‘Where Am I?’
Creating and Using Overlays
Creating New Overlays
Introducing Projections

Drawing on the Overlay Canvas
Handling Map Tap Events
Adding and Removing Overlays
Annotating ‘Where Am I?’
Introducing My Location Overlay
Introducing Itemized Overlays and Overlay Items
Pinning Views to the Map and Map Positions

Mapping Earthquakes Example
Summary
CHAPTER 9: WORKING IN THE BACKGROUND

Introducing Services
Creating and Controlling Services
Creating a Service
Registering a Service in the Manifest
Self-Terminating a Service
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CONTENTS

Starting, Controlling, and Interacting with a Service
An Earthquake Monitoring Service Example
Binding Activities to Services
Prioritizing Background Services

Using Background Threads
Using AsyncTask to Run Asynchronous Tasks
Creating a New Asynchronous Task
Running an Asynchronous Task
Moving the Earthquake Service to a Background Thread Using AsyncTask
Manual Thread Creation and GUI Thread Synchronization
Creating a New Thread
Using the Handler for Performing GUI Operations

Let’s Make a Toast
Customizing Toasts
Using Toasts in Worker Threads

Introducing Notifications
Introducing the Notification Manager
Creating Notifications
Creating a Notification and Configuring the Status Bar Icon

Configuring the Extended Status Notification Display
Triggering Notifications
Adding Notifications and Toasts to the Earthquake Monitor
Advanced Notification Techniques
Using the Defaults
Making Sounds
Vibrating the Phone
Flashing the Lights
Ongoing and Insistent Notifications

Using Alarms
Setting Repeating Alarms
Using Repeating Alarms to Update Earthquakes

Summary

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CHAPTER 10: INVADING THE PHONE-TOP

327

Introducing Home-Screen Widgets
Creating App Widgets

328
328

Creating the Widget Layout
Widget Design Guidelines
Supported Widget Views and Layouts
Defining Your Widget Settings

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CONTENTS

Creating Your Widget Intent Receiver and Adding It to the
Application Manifest
Introducing Remote Views and the App Widget Manager
Creating Remote Views and Using the App Widget Manager
to Apply Them
Using a Remote View within the App Widget Provider’s
onUpdate Handler
Using Remote Views to Modify UI
Making Your Widgets Interactive
Refreshing Your Widgets
Using the Minimum Update Rate

Listening for Intents
Using Alarms
Creating and Using a Widget Configuration Activity

Creating an Earthquake Widget
Introducing Live Folders
Creating Live Folders
Live Folder Content Providers
Live Folder Activity
Creating an Earthquake Live Folder

Adding Search to Your Applications and the Quick Search Box
Adding Search to Your Application
Creating a Search Activity
Responding to Search Queries from a Content Provider
Surfacing Search Results to the Quick Search Box
Adding Search to the Earthquake Example

Creating Live Wallpaper
Creating a Live Wallpaper Definition Resource
Creating a Wallpaper Service
Creating a Wallpaper Service Engine

Summary
CHAPTER 11: AUDIO, VIDEO, AND USING THE CAMERA

Playing Audio and Video
Introducing the Media Player
Preparing Audio for Playback
Packaging Audio as an Application Resource

Initializing Audio Content for Playback
Preparing for Video Playback
Playing Video Using the Video View
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CONTENTS

Setting up a Surface for Video Playback
Initializing Video Content for Playback
Controlling Playback
Managing Media Playback Output

Recording Audio and Video
Using Intents to Record Video
Using the Media Recorder
Configuring and Controlling Video Recording

Previewing Video Recording

Using the Camera and Taking Pictures
Using Intents to Take Pictures
Controlling the Camera and Taking Pictures
Controlling and Monitoring Camera Settings and Image Options
Monitoring Auto Focus
Using the Camera Preview
Taking a Picture
Reading and Writing JPEG EXIF Image Details

Adding New Media to the Media Store
Using the Media Scanner
Inserting Media into the Media Store

Raw Audio Manipulation
Recording Sound with Audio Record
Playing Sound with Audio Track

Speech Recognition
Summary
CHAPTER 12: TELEPHONY AND SMS

Telephony
Launching the Dialer to Initiate Phone Calls
Replacing the Native Dialer
Accessing Phone and Network Properties and Status
Reading Phone Device Details
Reading Data Connection and Transfer State
Reading Network Details

Reading SIM Details
Monitoring Changes in Phone State, Phone Activity, and
Data Connections
Monitoring Incoming Phone Calls
Tracking Cell Location Changes
Tracking Service Changes
Monitoring Data Connectivity and Activity

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