Test bank business ethics now 4th 4e ghillyer

Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

True / False Questions
1. The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard
of "right" behavior.
True False

2. Moral standards are based on religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs by which
judgments are made about good or bad behavior.
True False

3. A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers
to society.
True False

4. Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis as you observe the examples, both
positive and negative, set by everyone around you—parents, family members, friends, peers,
and neighbors.
True False

5. Individuals acquire their personal moral standards in the same way that they learn the
alphabet.
True False

6. A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior refers to a value system.
True False

7. The terms morals and values do not mean the same thing.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

8. A person's values have a specific worth to them.
True False

9. An intrinsic value, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and is pursued for
its own sake.
True False

10. An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of a one value is a good way to reach another
value.
True False

11. There are clearly defined rules of right and wrong, and you should live your life in direct
observance of those rules.
True False

12. 12. Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed simply
as doing the right thing.
True False

13. 13. Typically people do share the same interpretation of what "the right thing" is, but they
may not share the same commitment in doing it.
True False

14. Superman has become a fictional representation of personal integrity.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

15. Rules of appropriate individual behavior represent the idea that the moral standards we
develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis in our behavior and the other types of
decisions we make.
True False

16. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the golden rule.
True False

17. Every religion in the world shares the golden rule.
True False

18. Aristotle believed in individual character and integrity, and established a concept of living
your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal – what sort of person
would I like to become, and how do I go about becoming that person?
True False

19. Virtue ethics is the concept of living your life according to the achievement of clear and
similar virtues.
True False

20. Ethics for the greater good is also referred to as utilitarianism.
True False

21. The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

22. The problem with utilitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few, such
as Adolf Hitler and the idea of launching a national genocide against Jews on the utilitarian
grounds of restoring the Aryan race.
True False

23. Universal ethics argue that there are certain universal principles that should apply to all
ethical judgments.
True False

24. The problem with universal ethics is that no one is held accountable for the consequences
of actions taken to abide by those principles.
True False

25. Applied ethics is the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.
True False

26. Ethical relativism is where the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the
circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles.
True False

27. Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.
True False

28. An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but

rather a right or right answer.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

29. The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community are in
control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make.
True False

30. Usually an ethical dilemma can be resolved with a satisfactory answer to the problem.
True False

31. The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to analyze the consequences.
True False

32. Due to aggressive competitors, Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer
to keep the customer. He feels they will never discover the truth. With this ethical dilemma,
the first thing Joe must do is analyze the actions without thinking about consequences.
True False

33. The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to evaluate the results of your decision.
True False

34. Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions you should consider when resolving an ethical
dilemma.
True False

35. The process of ethical reasoning involves looking at the available information and then
drawing conclusions based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

36. Preconventional is the lowest level of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning.
True False

37. The first stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is preconventional.
True False

38. The third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is law and order.
True False

39. In the third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning, a person is focused on meeting
the expectations of friends and coworkers and how something will affect their life.
True False

40. The highest level of ethical reasoning is the post-conventional level.
True False

41. According to Kohlberg's framework, an individual can jump beyond the next stage of his
or her six stages.
True False

42. Kohlberg stated that it would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues

and dilemmas at a level so far beyond his or her life experience and education.
True False

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

Multiple Choice Questions

43. ______ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of
right" or "wrong" behavior.
A. Morality
B. Ethics
C. Virtuosity
D. Philosophy

44. All of the following are sources of individuals' moral standards except:
A. Family
B. Religion
C. Government
D. Friends

45. A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers
to _________.
A. neighborhood
B. global Village
C. cult
D. society

46. _______ is a particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of
individuals.
A. Culture
B. Role
C. Morals
D. Norm

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

47. When individuals share similar standards in a community, we can use the term _______.
A. moral system
B. value system
C. ethical system
D. instrumental system

48. The terms _________ and values are often used to mean the same thing, a set of personal
principles by which you aim to live your life.
A. instrumental system
B. outcomes
C. morals
D. lessons

49. An _______ is a value that is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake.
A. intrinsic value
B. extrinsic value
C. instrumental value
D. external value

50. An _________, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and is pursued for
its own sake.
A. extrinsic value
B. external value
C. instrumental value
D. intrinsic value

51. An _______ is where the pursuit of that value is a good way to reach another value.
A. intrinsic value
B. extrinsic value
C. instrumental value
D. external value

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

52. The impact of a person's or a group's _______ can be seen in the extent to which their
daily lives are influenced by those values.
A. ethics
B. morality
C. religion
D. value system

53. What is it that makes the study of ethics so complex?
A. Constant change
B. The grey area
C. Differing religions

D. Black and white decisions

54. Which of the following is not one of the four basic categories of ethics?
A. Personal integrity
B. Rules of appropriate individual behavior
C. Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society
D. Stretched truth

55. ________ is just doing the right thing, and it is something most people can understand and
support.
A. Personal integrity
B. Rules of appropriate individual behavior
C. Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society
D. A simple truth

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

56. Which of the following defines simple truth?
A. The idea that the moral standards we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily
basis.
B. The idea that we must bring our personal value systems into a world that we share with
people who may have different value systems.
C. Doing the right thing.
D. Viewing one's behavior from an external, rather than an internal, viewpoint.

57. All of the following represent the ideal of personal integrity except:
A. Scrooge McDuck

B. Batman
C. Superman
D. Spider-Man

58. For some, the _______ rule best expresses the goal of living an ethical life: Do unto others
as you would have them do unto you.
A. golden
B. virtuous
C. moral justice
D. equality

59. Ethical theories can be divided into the following categories except:
A. Virtue ethics
B. Ethics for the greater good
C. Rational ethics
D. Universal ethics

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

60. ______ is a concept of living your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a
clear ideal.
A. Universal ethics
B. Ethics for the greater good
C. Utilitarianism
D. Virtue ethics

61. Which of the following faces the problem that societies can place different emphases on

different virtues?
A. Normative ethics
B. Utilitarianism
C. Virtue ethics
D. Universal ethics

62. The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established
the concept of _______.
A. philosophical ethics
B. virtue ethics
C. moral ethics
D. societal ethics

63. _______ is a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather focusing on the
apparent virtue of the actions themselves.
A. Ethics for the greater good
B. Normative ethics
C. Ethical relativism
D. Utilitarianism

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

64. Ethics for the greater good, a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather
focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves is also referred to as __________.
A. virtue ethics
B. normative ethics
C. ethical relativism

D. utilitarianism

65. Ethics for the greater good was originally proposed by the Scottish philosopher ______.
A. David Hume
B. Joseph Badaracco
C. Aristotle
D. Lawrence Kohlberg

66. The problem with _______ is the idea that the ends justify the means.
A. ethics for the greater good
B. normative ethics
C. ethical relativism
D. utilitarianism

67. The problem with utilitarianism is
A. it is a gray area.
B. constant change.
C. not everyone is committed to doing the right thing.
D. the idea that the ends justify the means.

68. The theory of ______ places actions within a strictly moral context instead of basing
actions on the needs of a particular situation.
A. normative ethics
B. universal ethics
C. virtue ethics
D. utilitarianism

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

69. According to the theory of _______, the traditions of your society, your personal opinions,
and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles.
A. ethics for the greater good
B. normative ethics
C. ethical relativism
D. utilitarianism

70. The study of how ethical theories are put into practice refers to _______.
A. applied ethics
B. normative ethics
C. descriptive ethics
D. meta-ethics

71. Due to aggressive competitors, Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer
to keep the customer. He feels they will never discover the truth. Joe is facing an ethical
______.
A. choice
B. dilemma
C. impasse
D. preference

72. An ethical _______ is a situation in which there is no obvious "right" or "wrong" decision,
but rather a "right" or "right" answer.
A. choice
B. dilemma
C. impasse
D. preference

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

73. The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community
_______.
A. there are no grey areas
B. after extensive research and discussion, there is always a clear right answer
C. people will usually act ethically when presented with the right choice
D. are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make

74. The first step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.
A. analyze the consequences
B. analyze the problem
C. make a decision
D. analyze the actions

75. The second step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.
A. analyze the consequences
B. analyze the problem
C. make a decision
D. analyze the actions

76. The final step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.
A. analyze the consequences
B. analyze the problem
C. make a decision
D. analyze the actions

77. All of the following are questions identified by Arthur Dorbin to resolve an ethical
dilemma except:
A. What do your feelings tell you?
B. What are the alternatives?
C. What are the facts?
D. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another?

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

78. Arthur Dobrin identified ___ questions you should consider when resolving an ethical
dilemma.
A. 8
B. 6
C. 10
D. 15

79. _______ looks at the information available to us in resolving an ethical dilemma, and
draws conclusions based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards.
A. Ethical framework
B. Philosophical logic
C. Ethical reasoning
D. Moral reasoning

80. Which of the following is the lowest level of moral development?
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional

D. Social contract

81. How many stages are in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

82. The _______ stage focuses on the avoidance of punishment and deference to power and
authority.
A. "good boy/nice girl" orientation
B. law and order orientation
C. principled conscience
D. obedience and punishment orientation

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

83. At the _______ stage, a person focuses on self-chosen ethical principles that are
comprehensive and consistent.
A. "good boy/nice girl" orientation
B. law and order orientation
C. principled conscience
D. obedience and punishment orientation

84. The _______ stage focuses on individual rights and the development of standards based
on critical examination.
A. social-contract legalistic orientation

B. law and order orientation
C. principled conscience
D. obedience and punishment orientation

85. Kohlberg's framework offers us a clearer view into the process of _______.
A. resolving ethical dilemmas
B. ethical reasoning
C. ethical relativism
D. applied ethics

Fill in the Blank Questions
86. __________________________ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives
according to a standard of right" or "wrong" behavior.
________________________________________

87. A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers
to _____________________________.
________________________________________

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

88. _________________________ is a particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that
characterize a group of individuals.
________________________________________

89. When individuals share similar standards in a community, we can use the term
______________________.

________________________________________

90. The terms _______________________ and values are often used to mean the same thing,
a set of personal principles by which you aim to live your life.
________________________________________

91. An ______________________, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and
is pursued for its own sake.
________________________________________

92. The impact of a person's or a group's _____________________________ can be seen in
the extent to which their daily lives are influenced by those values.
________________________________________

93. The ___________________________ makes the study of ethics so complex.
________________________________________

94. ________________________ is just doing the right thing, and it is something most people
can understand and support.
________________________________________

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

95. _________________________ is a concept of living your life according to a commitment
to the achievement of a clear ideal.
________________________________________

96. ___________________________________ is a theory more focused on the outcome of
your actions rather than focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves.
________________________________________

97. Ethics for the greater good was originally proposed by the Scottish philosopher
______________________________.
________________________________________

98. The theory of _____________________________ places actions within a strictly moral
context instead of basing actions on the needs of a particular situation.
________________________________________

99. According to the theory of ___________________________, the traditions of your
society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define your
ethical principles.
________________________________________

100. Due to new competitors, Joe feels pressured to lie to an important customer to keep the
customer. He feels they will never discover the truth. Joe is facing an ethical
_______________.
________________________________________

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

101. An ethical ______________________ is a situation in which there is no obvious "right"
or "wrong" decision, but rather a "right" or "right" answer.
________________________________________

102. The first step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to analyze the
_________________.
________________________________________

103. The final step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to make a
___________________.
________________________________________

104. Kohlberg's framework offers us a clearer view into the process of ethical
______________.
________________________________________

Essay Questions
105. Name and discuss the four categories of doing the right thing.

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

106. Differentiate between intrinsic and instrumental value.

107. Name and discuss the three categories of ethical theories.

108. Discuss at least one weakness of each of the ethical theories.

109. Discuss utilitarianism.

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics

110. Define ethical dilemma. Give an example of an ethical dilemma. Explain the process to
resolve it.

111. Discuss ethical relativism.

112. Identify the eight questions offered by Arthur Dobrin for consideration when resolving
an ethical dilemma. Do you believe these questions could help you? Explain.

113. Briefly describe the three stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's framework for ethical
reasoning.

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics Key

True / False Questions
1. (p. 4) The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a
standard of "right" behavior.
TRUE
The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of
"right" behavior.

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.1

2. (p. 4) Moral standards are based on religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs by which
judgments are made about good or bad behavior.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

3. (p. 4) A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs
refers to society.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics Key

4. (p. 4) Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis as you observe the examples,
both positive and negative, set by everyone around you—parents, family members, friends,
peers, and neighbors.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

5. (p. 4) Individuals acquire their personal moral standards in the same way that they learn the
alphabet.
FALSE
Individuals acquire their personal moral standards by osmosis as you observe the examples,
both positive and negative, set by everyone around you—parents, family members, friends,
peers, and neighbors.

Bloom's: Understanding
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

6. (p. 4) A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior refers to a value system.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

7. (p. 4) The terms morals and values do not mean the same thing.
FALSE
The terms morals and values are often used to mean the same thing, a set of personal
principles by which you aim to live your life.

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics Key

8. (p. 4) A person's values have a specific worth to them.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

9. (p. 4 - 5) An intrinsic value, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and is
pursued for its own sake.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

10. (p. 5) An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of a one value is a good way to reach another
value.
FALSE
The pursuit of one value to reach another value is an instrumental value. Foe example, money
is valued for what it can buy.

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

11. (p. 5) There are clearly defined rules of right and wrong, and you should live your life in
direct observance of those rules.

FALSE
We would like to believe that there are clearly defined rules of right and wrong and that you
can live your life in direct observance of those rules. However, it is more likely that situations
will arise that will require exceptions to those rules.

Bloom's: Understanding
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics Key

12. (p. 5) 12. Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed
simply as doing the right thing.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 1.2

13. (p. 5) 13. Typically people do share the same interpretation of what "the right thing" is, but
they may not share the same commitment in doing it.
FALSE
Typically people do not share the same interpretation of what "the right thing" is, and they
may not share the same commitment in doing it.

Bloom's: Understanding
Difficulty: Medium

Learning Outcome: 1.2

14. (p. 5) Superman has become a fictional representation of personal integrity.
TRUE

Bloom's: Remembering
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

15. (p. 5) Rules of appropriate individual behavior represent the idea that the moral standards
we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis in our behavior and the other types
of decisions we make.
TRUE

Bloom's: Understanding
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 1.2

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