Guide to the aquarium of the zoological station at naples

79



THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
PRESENTED BY
PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID
MRS. PRUDENCE W.

AND

KOFOID





r-O



GUIDE
TO THE

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL STATION AT NAPLES,

FOURTH EDITION

WITH

175

ILLUSTKATIONS.

LEIPZIG
PRINTED BY BREITKOPF & HARTEL
1896.



PART FIRST,

LIST OF THE CONTENTS
OF EACH TANK.
The Aquarium contains only marine animals and
All have been found in the bay of Naples.

plants.

.

In the ensuing list only the most remarkable of the
animals and plants are mentioned; the description given is
purposely couched in colloquial language, being designed
to convey, if possible, in a few words a sufficient impresThe
sion of the animal to lead to its identification.

asterisk (*) before a name signifies that the animal does
not occur at all seasons of the year.
The ascending streams of silvery bubbles in the tanks
are the air drawn in by the sea- water, which is always
being pumped in from dark tanks under the aquarium.
Those animals and plants which are found near the upper
part of a tank, will be seen double, owing to the reflecAll the tanks, but
tion against the surface of the water.
and
Nos.
3,
20,
1,
9,
gain enormously
especially, perhaps,
by being seen in the sunlight between 12 and 2 o'clock.
On the walls of most tanks will be seen the white
tubes of Ciona (compare tank 4), the colonies of Botryllus
(p. 85) and other Compound Ascidians, and a little white
Sponge (p. 55, fig. 159). These grow and breed in the water
of the aquarium, attaching themselves to all suitable surfaces.
In most tanks are swarms of tiny, reddish-brown
In comparing the Fishes with
Opossum-shrimps (p. 74
the figures in the Guide, it must be remembered that in
many species the dorsal fin nearest the head is not visible except when erected (often for defence): notice, as an example.
Labraoc (fig. 55) in tank 10.
The visitor must not rashly
ascribe the power of walking about to Sponges, Tunicates,

.

M356606


Part

first.

which he may

find moving among the rocks
After seeing tank 23 he will be prepared to
trace such vagaries to the little crab which is their cause.
Enquiries of any kind may be made of the attendant.

Anemones,

etc.,

in various tanks.

Tank
Containing exclusively
1.

Nr. 1.
Echinoderms

(p. 63).

Starfishes or "five-fingers", with five (rarely more) creeping

arms: Echinaster

Fig.

1.

(fig.

2),

Astropecten aurantiacus,
size.

red and slender-armed; Luidia

Fig.

2.

p. 65.

Asterias glacialis,
Fig. 3.
Va nat. size. p. 65.

Echinaster sepositus,
Va nat.

Fig. 4.

size.

p. 65.

Ophioderma longicauda,
J

/2

nat. size.

p. 65.


Tank Nr.

6),

fig.

Asterias

much
(fig.

Astropecten
the arms;

3),

1.

and generally with seven arms;
and
large
greenish, with pointed knobs;

larger

(fig.

1),

with points like

little

tusks fringing

Pahmpes, arms webbed, like a

pentagonal

piece of brick-red paper.
2.

3.

Brittle-Stars, with five (rarely six) arms, thinner and more
snake-like than the starfishes, round body like a thick
half-penny (Ophioderma, fig. 4).
Feather-Stars An tedon, fig. 5), mostly holding by their backs
to dead coral-stems (Antipathes, see tank 21) in the centre of
the tank; they are yellow or red and have ten plumed arms.

Antedon rosacea,
Fig. 5.
attached to a branch of Antipathes,
1
-2

4.

nat. size.

1

4

nat. size.

ciliaris,
pag. 65.

Sea-urchins, globular or bun-shaped, covered with spines.
Sphaerechmus fig. 7), generally purplish, spines tipped
white; Echinus (p. 65\ eight to ten inches across, spines

white; Doroddaris (fig. 8), pink with knobs, bearing a

few strong, stick-like spines

Fig.

Luidia

Fig. 6.

pag. 65.

7.

Sphaer echinus gramdaris,
1
-2

nat. size.

p. 65.

-

Fig.
1

/2

S.

Doroddaris papillata,

nat. size.

The

visible,

sucker-feet are not
p. 65.


Part

5.

first.

Sea-CUCUmberS, slug-shaped bodies, covered with pointed

The delicate brown feathery undergrowth will
be seen to be the tentacles of numerous sea- cucumbers
(Cucumaria, fig. 9), adhering to the_ rocks; each has ten
tentacles round its mouth, in crawling they are retracted
suckers.

;

in the larger species (Holothuria,

they are not obvious; Stichopus
long, and

fig.

(fig.

10)
11)

which
is

is

black,
reddish, a foot

flat.

Fig. 9. Cucumaria Planci,
on a stone, with outstretched tentacles,

&Z

Hololhuria tubulosa,
Fig. 10.
Vs nat. size.
p. 65.

Fig.

1 1

.

*/2

Stichopus regalis,
nat. size.

p. 66.

The starfishes, sea-urchins and sea-cucumbers adhere
to the glass or rock by numerous suckers, with which they
crawl (for details v. p. 64), the brittle-stars move by wriggling,
the feather-stars can swim.


Tank Nr.

Tank

3.

2,

Nr.

2.

Fishes: Sea-crow (Corvina, fig. 57), dark -coloured, dark
lower fins. Box (fig. 12 and 13), silver with golden lines.
OUata (fig. 14), silver, with a black root to its tail.
These all feed on the green alga, the lettuce sea-weed
(Ulva lactucd) at the bottom of the tank.

Fig. 12.
1
-2

Box

nat. size.

hoops,
p. 97.

Box

Fig. 13.
*/2

nat-

size.

salpa,
p. 97.

Fig. 14.

Obiata melanura,
V>2

Tank

Nr.

nat. size.

p. 97.

3.

Containing Molllisks.
1.

"Squid or Calmar (Loligo, fig. 15),
and
delicate, transparent,
fish-like, with large eyes, swimdown
the
and
tank.
ming up
Cephalopods

(p.

76).


Part

Fig. 15.
*/2

2.

Snails
or

size.

p. 78.

Sea-hare

78).

(Aplysia, fig.
as large as a man's fist.
^Umbrella (fig. 18).
Triton's

17).

soft black

*Pleurobranchus

16),

19),

i/2

Aplysia limacina,
nat. size.

Pleurobranchus testudinarius,
A

/4

horn (Tritonium,

with red body and yellow horns banded with

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Loligo vulgaris,
na t-

brown lumps

(fig.

fig.

(p.

first.

nat. size.

p. 80.

p. 80.

Fig.

1

Umbrella mediterranea,

8.
1

o

nat. size.

black; shell pointed, shaped like a whelk;

p. 80.

*Tun

(Dolium,

black and white body, rounded shell; Murex
fig. 21), much smaller, with spines; Helmet-shell (Cassis,
fig. 22); Natica (fig. 23).
fig.

20),


Tank

Xr.

Tritonium nodiferum,

Fig. 19.

nat. size.

Fig. 20.
1
:?

Fig. 21.
1

2

Mar ex
nat. size.

brandaris,
p. 79.

3.

p. 79.

Dolium

nat. size.

galea,

p. "9.

Fig. 22.
1

2

nat

Cassis sutcosa,
size.

p. 79.

Part

10

Natica millepunctata,

Yig. 23.
l

/2

nat. size.

first.

Fig. 24.
l

p. 79.

/2

Pecten jacobaeus,
nat. size.

p. 84.

Pholas dactylus,

Fig. 26.

in a stone,
1

/2

Three specimens of
Mytilus eduliSj

Fig. 25.

attached to a piece of rope,
*/2

nat. size.

p. 83.

nat. size.

Two

Fig. 27.

p. 83.

specimens of

Lithodomus dactylus,
within a piece of
1

/2

nat. size.

tufa,

p. 83.

81).
Scallop (Pecten, fig. 24), with flat
Piddock
Edible Mussel (Mytilus, fig. 25).
Lithodomus
both
and
making
(fig. 27),
(Pholas, fig. 26)
holes in rocks or coral reefs.
*EggS Of Mollusks, Of the squid hanging from the dead
coral in long white bags; of the sea-hare fine yellow
of
strings, of the tun ribbons a finger-length broad;
3.

Bivalves

(p.

fluted shell.

Murex large honeycomb-like masses.
The lettuce sea-weed serves as food

for the sea-hares.


Tank Nr.

Tank

11

4.

Nr, 4.

dona (fig. 28), white halfAscidians (Sea-squirts, p. 84).
Phallusia (fig. 29) , knobbed
transparent double tubes.
white mass.
Cynthia (fig. 30), crimson-scarlet, sausageshaped; the mouths of the two tubes can be seen projecting. Colonies of Diazona (fig. 31). Many other kinds.
TubiCOlous worms (see Tank 22), a foot high, like
Heliases (fig. 32), small and
Fishes.
feathery palms.

Four specimens
1

2

Fig. 28.
of Ciona intestinalis.

nat. size.

Fig. 29.

Phallusia mammillata.

p. 84.

1

Fig. 30.

Four specimens of

Cynthia papillosa,
*/2

nat. size.

p. 84.

o'nat. size.

p. 85.

Fig. 31.

A

colony of Diazona violacea,
1

3

nat.

size.

p. 85.


Part

12

first.

black, with deeply forked tail.
*Apogon (fig. 33),
only in summer.
Red algse (Sebdenia and Vidalia),

Sea-weeds.

withered beech- leaves.

green

Fig. 32.
*/2

balls,

the size of a marble to

size.

like

Green alga (Codium

Heliases chromis,
n at.

red,

Fig. 33.
*

p. 96.

Tank

Nr.

bursa], dark
that of a melon.

Apogon rex mullorum,
nat. size.

p. 96.

5.

About ten kinds of Fishes continuously swimming.
Among these prominent by colour or otherwise: Peacockwrasse (Crenilabrus pavo, fig. 34), with blue fins and tail,
Sea-bream (Snapper,
the lips are strongly turned outwards.
a
delicate
coral-pink. Gilt-head (ChrysoPagellus, fig. 37),
phrys, fig. 38), silver, a black smudge on each side behind
its head.
(Larger specimens in Tank 10). Wrasse (Labrus,

shaped more or less like Crenilabrus, green
Toothed-bream (Dentex, fig. 39), silvery, heavy
nose, eyes high, straight mouth with corners down, noti-

fig.

35 and

36),

or mottled.

Fig. 34.
'/2

Crenilabrus pavo,
nat. size.

p. 96.


Tank

ceably

sullen

(Cantharus,
fig. 41),

fig.

fins

Nr.

13

5.

Black Bream
expression.
Sar (Sargus,
40), bluish, with short mouth.

and

aggressive

with dark edges.

Umbrina

(fig.

light undulating stripes.

Labrus

Fig. 35.
1

o

nat. size.

Fig. 36.

Labrus merula,
-

Fig. 37.
V-2

festivus.
p. 96.

size.

p. 96.

Pagellus erythrinus.
nat. size.

p. 97.

42;,

dark with


Part

14

Fig, 38.

*/3

first.

Chrysophrys aurata,
nat

size.

p. 97.

Dentex vulgaris,
Fig. 39.
Vs nat size. p. 97.

Fig. 40.
*/2

Cantharus vulgaris,
nat

size.

p. 97.


Tank Nr.

5,

15

6.

Fig. 41.
Saryus Rondeletii,
Va nat. size. p. 97.

Umbrina cirrosa,
Fig. 42.
Vs nat. size. p. 97.

Tank

Nr. 6.

Fishes.

Scorpaena (fig. 43), ragged and red, with red eyes.
*Lichia (fig. 44), a small kind of mackerel.

Crustaceans. Lobster (Homarus, fig. 45).
Sea-weeds.
Codium elongatum (a green alga
the pink
stone-like balls are calcareous sea-weeds (Corallinse,
cp.
;

tank 21^.

Part

16

Fig. 43.
*/2

Scorpaena porcus,
nat. size.

Fig. 44.
1/2

Fig. 45.
!/3

first.

p. 92.

Lichia glauca.

nat. size.

p. 98.

Homarus
nat. size.

vulgaris,

p. 68.


Tank Nr.

Tank

17

7.

Nr.

7.

Grey Mullet (Mugil, fig. 46), slender and silvery,
the underlip shaped like a W.
Crustaceans (p. 68). Crawfish or Spiny-lobster (Palinurus,
fig. 48), like a lobster without pinching claws.
SpiderFishes.

Fig. 46.

V2

Mugil cephalus,
nat. size.

p. 97.

Fig. 47.

Scyllarus latus,
nat. size.

Palinurus vulgaris,
Fig. 48.
Va nat. size. p. 70.
Guide.

4th ed.

p. 70.