Anh van chuyen nganh thuc pham tran thi duyen

Unit 1. BEER AND ALE


1. malt (n) /mɔːlt/ : mạch nha, đại mạch nảy mầm
[uncountable] grain, usually barley, that has been left in
water for a period of time and then dried, used for making
beer, whisky, etc.

2. beverage (n) /ˈbevərɪdʒ/: đồ uống, thức uống
any type of drink except water


3. fermentation (n) /ˌfɜːrmenˈteɪʃn/: sự lên men
the process of chemical change caused by the action
of yeast or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol
e.g: Sugar is converted into alcohol by a process of
fermentation.
4. characteristic (adj) /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/: đặc trưng, đặc tính, riêng
characteristic (of something/somebody): very typical of something
or of somebody’s character
e.g. his highly characteristic features


5. Flavor (n) [uncountable, countable]: /’fleivə/:mùi vị,mùi thơm
a substance that is added to food to make the flavor stronger
e.g. sweets with different flavours
6. Aroma (n)/əˈroʊmə/: hương vị, mùi thơm
a pleasant, noticeable smell
e.g. the aroma of fresh coffee
e.g. A delicious aroma was coming from the kitchen.

alcohol (n) [uncountable]: /ˈælkəhɑːl/ : rươu, cồn
alcoholic (adj): thuộc về hoặc chứa đựng cồn
drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunk
e.g. He never drinks alcohol.
e.g. Levels of alcohol in the blood
e.g. Wine contains about 10% alcohol.
e.g. a low alcohol beer
8. volume (n) /ˈvɑːljuːm/ [uncountable, countable]: thể tích, dung
tích, khối lượng
the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of
space that a container has
e.g. What volume of water would be needed to fill the aquarium?
e.g. jars of different volumes
7


9. gallon (n) /ˈɡælən/: đơn vị đo lường chất lỏng
a unit for measuring liquid. In the UK, Canada and other
countries it is equal to about 4.5 litres; in the US it is equal to
about 3.8 litres. There are four quarts in a gallon.
quart: (n) /kwɔːrt/lít Anh; 1,14 lít, ¼ gallon
about 1.14 litres in the UK and Canada, and 0.95 of a litre in the
US
• lb: British English)
• (North American English lb.)(pl. lb, lbs)
pound in weight, equal to about 454 grams


Cách đọc số mũ:

5 mũ 6: (56): five to the pwer of six: lũy thừa 5 của 6
83/4 eigh to the power of three quarters
1/3:

one-third (số đếm-số thứ tự)


10. procedure (n) /prəˈsiːdʒər/: tiến trình, quá trình
[countable, uncountable] procedure (for something) a way of
doing something, especially the usual or correct way
11. bottom (n) /ˈbɑːtəm/: phần dưới cùng, đáy
[countable, usually singular] bottom (of something) the lowest
part of something
e.g. Allow the tea leaves to settle to the bottom of the cup.
12. Top (n) /tɒp/: phần trên, đỉnh, đầu, ngọn
[countable] the highest part or point of something
e.g. the top of the milk (= the cream that rises to the top of a
bottle of milk)


13. yeast (n) /jiːst/: nấm men
a fungus used in making beer and wine, or to make bread rise
e.g: The type of yeast used in making ale is Saccharomyces
cerevisiae by top fermentation
14. Beer (n) /bɪr/: bia
[uncountable, countable] an alcoholic drink made from malt and
flavoured with hops.
e.g. There are many types of beer.
e.g. Are you a beer drinker?
15. ale (n) /eɪl/ [uncountable, countable]: rượu bia

a type of beer, usually sold in bottles or cans.
There are several kinds of ale.
e.g. the growth in demand for real ale


16. temperature (n)/ˈtemprətʃər/: nhiệt độ
the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place
is
e.g. high/low temperatures
e.g. rise in temperature
e.g. The temperature has risen (by) five degrees
e.g. Temperatures below freezing are common here (nhiệt độ
dưới mức đóng băng đang phổ biến ở đây).
e.g. The product can be stored at room temperature (sản phẩm
có thể được lưu trữ ở nhiệt độ phòng).


17. brewing (n): /bruː/sự ủ, nấu, brew (v):ủ, nấu, pha
brew something to make beer
e.g. This beer is brewed in the Czech Republic (bia này
được ủ tại Cộng hòa Séc).
e.g. freshly brewed coffee (café mới pha)


18. barley (n)/ˈbɑːrli/: lúa mạch
a plant grown for its grain that is used
for making food, beer and whisky (một
cây trồng để lấy hạt của nó được sử
dụng để làm thức ăn, bia và rượu).
e.g. Malt whisky is made from malted

barley (whisky mạch nha được làm từ
lúa mạch).


19. sprout (v) /spraʊt/: nảy chồi, mọc mầm
(plants or seeds): to produce new leaves or buds; to start to grow; to
appear; to develop something, especially in large numbers
e.g. New leaves sproute from the trees
e.g. The seeds will sprout in a few days.
e.g. Hundreds of mushrooms had sprouted up overnight (Hàng trăm
nấm đã mọc lên qua đêm).
20. grain (n)/ɡreɪn/:[uncountable, countable]: ngũ cốc (lúa mì, gạo,..),
hạt
the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat, rice, etc.; a single
seed of such a plant
e.g. America’s grain exports (xuất khẩu ngũ cốc của Mỹ)
e.g. A few grains of rice (một vài hạt gạo)


• Fresh and dried malt
• Yellow malt and black malt depend on dried temperature and
time
• Yellow malt: 50-1200C; 12 hours
• Black malt: 1600C-2000C; 24 hours
20. light (n) /laɪt/: ánh sáng
adj: nhẹ, nhẹ nhàng, màu nhạt
Light food: thức ăn nhẹ
Light sleep: giấc ngủ nhẹ nhàng
Light wine: rượu vang nhẹ

21. hop (n) /hɒp/: cây hoa bia, cây hublong
22. porter (n)/ˈpɔːrtər/: rượu bia đen
23. stout (n)/staʊt/: bia đen (độ cồn cao (nặng)
24. grind (ground)(v) /ɡraʊnd/: xay, nghiền, mài (dao)
To grind a knife: mài dao
25. mash (n) /mæʃ/: dịch đường hóa (dịch đường
maltose) (beer); hỗn hợp dịch, cháo
[uncountable] grain cooked in water until soft, used to
feed farm animals
[uncountable] a mixture of malt grains and hot water,
used for making beer, etc.
a mash (of something): any food that has been
crushed into a soft mass
e.g. The soup was a mash of grain and vegetables.


26. Unmalted cereals /ˈsɪriəl/(n): phi malt (ngũ cốc thay thế như
lúa mì, lúa nếp, bắp nảy mầm)
cereal (n) /ˈsɪriəl/: ngũ cốc
[countable]: one of various types of grass that produce grains that
can be eaten or are used to make flour or bread.
[uncountable]: the grain produced by cereal crops: các hạt được
sản xuất bởi các cây ngũ cốc
e.g. food made from the grain of cereals, often eaten for breakfast
with milk (thực phẩm làm từ các hạt ngũ cốc, thường được ăn vào
bữa sáng với sữa)


27. duration (n) /djuˈreɪʃn/: khoảng thời gian

28. cooledor run: làm nguội nhanh
29. copper brewing kettle (n) /ˈkɒpə(r)/ : thùng ủ bằng đồng
30. Rupture (n)/ˈrʌptʃər/: a change in which something breaks apart
or bursts
(v): làm vỡ, gãy
31. Starch (n)/stɑːrtʃ/: tinh bột
[uncountable, countable] a white carbohydrate food substance
found in potatoes, flour, rice, etc.; food containing this
e.g. There's too much starch in your diet (Quá nhiều tinh bột trong
chế độ ăn uống của bạn).
e.g. You need to cut down on starches ( Bạn cần phải cắt giảm tinh
bột).


32. convert (v) /kənˈvɜːrt/: đổi, biến đổi
to change or make something change from one form, purpose,
system, etc. to another
convert (from something) (into/to something)
e.g. The ruptured starch grains are converted into fermentable
sugar
e.g. We've converted from oil to gas central heating (chúng tôi đã
chuyển từ dầu sang khí gas sưởi ấm trung tâm).
to change an opinion, a habit, etc.
e.g. I've converted to organic food (Tôi đã chuyển đổi sang thực
phẩm hữu cơ).
33. liquid (n) /ˈlɪkwɪd/:chất lỏng


34. filtration (n) fɪlˈtreɪʃn/: sự lọc
the process of filtering a liquid or gas: quá trình lọc một chất lỏng

hoặc khí
a filtration system: một hệ thống lọc
35. Wort (n): dung dịch đường maltose sau khi lọc (dịch đường
hóa sau lọc)
36. Filter (n)/ˈfɪltər: bộ lọc
a coffee filter: 1 bộ lọc cà phê
( v); lọc, thấm qua=filtrate
a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or
gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are
not wanted


37. drew (v) /druː/(drawn: quá khứ phân từ): kéo xuống (chìm)
38. settle (v)/ˈsetl/lắng
settling (adj): lắng xuống
39. mature (adj) /məˈtʃʊr/: đầy đủ hương vị
developed over a period of time to produce a strong, rich flavor
40. retain (v) /rɪˈteɪn/= to maintain = to keep: giữ lại, duy trì
retain something to keep something; to continue to have something
41. artificially ( adv) /ɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/: không tự nhiên
42. Carbonated (adj)/ˈkɑːrbəneɪtɪd/: được cacbonate hóa
(of a drink) containing small bubbles of carbon dioxide
e.g. carbonated mineral water: nước khoáng có ga


43. extent (n)/ɪkˈstent/ [singular, uncountable]: mức độ
how large, important, serious, etc. something is
e.g. It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage (Rất khó
để đánh giá mức độ đầy đủ của các thiệt hại).
(to some extent: tới một mức độ nhất định)

44. effervescence (n)/efərˈvesns/: sự sủi bọt
45. keg(s) (n): thùng chứa (khoảng 40 lít)
46. put into: đưa vào
47. commercial (adj) /kəˈmɜːrʃl/: thuộc về thương mại
connected with the buying and selling of goods and services
e.g. the commercial heart of the city: trung tâm thương mại của
thành phố


48. canned fruit: quả đóng hộp
49. beer can: long bia
50. bottle (n): /ˈbɒtl/: chai lọ
51. corn (n)/kɔːrn/: hạt ngũ cốc (ngô)
[uncountable] any plant that is grown for its grain, such as wheat;
e.g. a field of corn: một cánh đồng ngô
52. brewer (n)/ˈbruːər/: a person or company that makes beer
e.g. six big brewers account for about 75% of total beer sales in
the UK
Sáu nhà sản xuất bia lớn chiếm khoảng 75% tổng doanh số bán
bia tại Anh.


53. Substitute (n) /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/: thay thế
a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use
or have
to substitute for somebody/something
54. ash (n)/æʃ/: tro
[uncountable] the grey or black powder that is left after something,
especially tobacco, wood or coal, has burnt: bột màu xám hoặc đen mà còn
lại sau khi một cái gì đó, đặc biệt là thuốc lá, gỗ hoặc than được đốt.

ashes [plural] what is left after something has been destroyed by burning
55. content (n) /ˈkɒntent/: hàm lượng, nồng độ
[singular] (following a noun) the amount of a substance that is contained in
something else
e.g. the alcohol content of a drink: nồng độ cồn của một thức uống
56. Finished beer: bia thành phẩm


CLASS DISUSSION
A. Read and translate into Vietnamese
• Beer, beverage, characteristic flavor, aroma, gallon, bottom fermentation, top
fermentation, bacterial action, brewing, barley malt, sprouting, enzyme, diastase, lightcolored beer, darker beer, mash, unmalted cereals, kettles, rapture, fermentable sugar,
wort, hop, maturation, maturing vats, artificially carbonated, effervescence, kegs, cans,
substitutes.


CLASS DISUSSION
B. Answer the following questions

1. What is beer and ale?
2. Generally, what is the percentage of alcohol in beer?
3. What is barley malt?
4. What is the main difference between the light-colored and darkcolored malt?

5. What is hop? Is it necessary for the production of beer?