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FULL TEST 60
1. _______ a lonely and rugged life, far from
home and family.
(A) Wherever the early prospector lived
(B) The early prospector lived
(C) Not only did the early prospector live
(D) The early prospector living
2. Helium is _______ all gases to liquefy and
is impossible to solidify at normal air
pressure.
(A) more than difficult
(B) the most difficult of
(C) more difficult of
(D) most difficult
3. Every year Canadian _______ about 75
percent of their exports to the United States.
(A) businesses that sell
(B) selling businesses
(C) businesses sell
(D) that sell to businesses
4. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood
was _______ a traveling company.
(A) to form the first
(B) the first to form
(C) who formed the first
(D) forming the first
5. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks,
_______ expands, causing the rocks to break
apart.
(A) it
(B) but

(C) then
(D) and
6. With x – ray microscopes scientists can see
through live insects _______ even through
solid pieces of metal.
(A) however
(B) nevertheless
(C) or
(D) yet
7.As resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez
_______ to the House of Representatives in
1930 and to the Senate in1938.
(A) when elected

(C) who was elected
(D) was elected
8. _______ are not leached out of soil,
reclamation procedures are needed to restore
the land’s productivity.
(A) For concentrations of salt
(B) Salt concentrations that
(C) If salt concentrations
(D) With concentrations of salt
9. _______ social crusade aroused Elizabeth
William’s enthusiasm more than the
expansion of educational facilities for
immigrants to the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not

(D) None
10. _______ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used
mirrors made of highly polished metal.
(A) In early
(B) As early
(C) Early
(D) Was as early
11. The quantum theory states _______, such
as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny
definite units called quanta or photons.
(A) energy that
(B) that it is energy
(C) it is energy
(D) that energy
12. Quails typically have short rounded wings
that enable _______ spring into full flight
instantly when disturbed in their hiding
places.
(A) they
(B) to their
(C) its
(D) them to
13. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes,
where water drains through the soil _______.
(B) elected


1
2

surface below the deep
deep below the surface

3
4

the deep below surface
the deep surface below

14. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws
_______the addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of all numbers.
(A) govern
(B) that govern
(C) have governed
(D) which they govern

15. Even at low levels, _______.
(A) the nervous system has produced
detrimental effects by lead
(B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing
the nervous system
(C) lead produces detrimental effects on the
nervous system
(D) the detrimental effects produced by lead
on the nervous system
16. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and
A
B
to cook at her famous Boston school.

C
D
17. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.
A
B
C
D
18. A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known
A
B
mainly from laboratory-made samples.
C
D
19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.
A B
C
D
20. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a
A
B
source of warmth such as direct sunlight.
C
D
21. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived Helen Keller
A
B
C
of both her sight and hearing.
D
4. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a

A
nonliving environment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water.
B
C
D
23. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills,
A
B
information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.
C
D
24. A time zone is a slightly irregular north-south belts that extends from pole to
A
B
C
D
pole.
25. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television,
A B
C
and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
D


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26. A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the
A
B

C
gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall.
D
27. Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body
A
B
C
such as a limb.
D
28. The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend
A
B
grammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights.
C
D
29. Commercial rock wool is made by blowing steam through molten rock such as
A
B
C
limestone to create fine, flexibility, glasslike fibers.
D
5. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting
AB
significant financial events.
C
D
31. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.
A
B
C D

7. Harriet Monroe’s verse survive today as evidence of her undiscouraged zeal for
A B C the advancement of modern
poetry.
D
33. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if
A B participants push themselves greatly
hard.
D
15. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for
A B C single-celled animals.
D
35. Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions and the
A
B
difficult of highway maintenance is a troublesome problem.
C
D
36. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships,
A
B
C
icebergs, or cliffs in foggy weather.
D

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37. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric
A
B

system is not generally utilized in the United States.
C
D
38. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated
A
B
C
for its smooth and beautiful tone.
D
39. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, tantalizing secret of
A
B
C
the planet are concealed.
D
18. The pioneer John Chapman received the nickname “Johnny Appleseed”
A
because he planted apple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio,
B C D Indiana, and Elinois


READING PRACTICE 26

Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are
two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an
image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image
adheres to it, but in reverse.
The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles.
The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile
decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the

artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white
ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area
(10) slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then
transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.

(5)

(15)

(20)

Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in
the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve").
The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument,
or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised
grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being
applied so that the paper picks up the ink.
Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle
modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the
degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts
between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of
multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before
the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the
sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.
11.
What does the passage mainly
discuss?
A. The origins of textile decoration
B. The characteristics of good-quality
prints

C. Two types of printmaking
D. Types of paper used in printmaking
12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in
meaning to
A. principal
B. complex
C. general
D. recent
C. framed

13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2
is to describe
A. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth
century
B. the use of woodcuts in the textile industry
C. the process involved in creating
a woodcut
D. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe
14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest
in meaning to
A. burned
B. cut
D. baked


15. Which of the following terms is defined
in the passage?
A. "patterns"(line 5)
B. "grain"(line 8)
C. "burin"(line 15)

D. "grooves"(line 16)
16. The word "distinctive" in line 18 is
closest in meaning to
A. unique
B. accurate
C. irregular
D. similar
17.
According to the passage, all of
the following are true about engraving
EXCEPT that it
A. developed from the art of the goldsmiths
B. requires that the paper be cut with a burin
C. originated in the fifteenth century
D. involves carving into a metal plate
18. The word "yield" in line 22 is closest in
meaning to
A. imitate
B. produce
C. revise
D. contrast

19. According to the passage, what do
woodcut and engraving have in common?
A. Their designs are slightly raised.
B. They achieve contrast through hatching
and cross-hatching.
C. They were first used in Europe.
D. They allow multiple copies to be
produced from one original.

20. According to the author, what made it
possible for members of the general public
to own prints in the sixteenth century?
A. Prints could be made at low cost.
B. The quality of paper and ink had
improved.
C. Many people became involved in the
printmaking industry.
D. Decreased demand for prints kept
prices affordable.
21. According to the passage, all of the
following are true about prints EXCEPT that
they
A. can be reproduced on materials other
than paper
B. are created from a reversed image
C. show variations between light and
dark shades
D. require a printing press

Question 32-40:
Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few
and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport.
Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors
of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development.
(5) Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by
merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with
the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company
in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from
Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at

(10) points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.
(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)


(15)

The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike
encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll
roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever
that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to
Lake Erie.

Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger
stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle
developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster,
(20) Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes,
and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and
drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of
the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had
four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs;
(25) slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.
32.
Paragraph 1 discusses early
road building in the United States mainly
in terms of the
A. popularity of turnpikes
B. financing of new roads
C. development of the interior
D. laws governing road use
33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest

in meaning to
A. unsafe
B. unknown
C. inexpensive
D. undeveloped
34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in
the interior of the country with
A. other inland communities
B. towns in other states
C. river towns or seaports
D. construction sites
35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line
4 is closest in meaning to
A. in need of
B. in place of
C. at the start of
39.
Virginia is mentioned as an
example of a state that

D. with the purpose of
36. According to the passage, why did
states want private companies to help with
road building?
A. The states could not afford to build roads
themselves.
B. The states were not as well equipped as
private companies.
C. Private companies could complete
roads faster than the states.

D. Private companies had greater knowledge
of the interior.
37. The word "it" in line 10 refers to
A. legislature
B. company
C. authority
D. payment
38. The word "imitation" in line 13 is closest
in meaning to
A. investment
B. suggestion
C. increasing
D. copying

A. built roads without tollgates
B. built roads with government money


C. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in
one year
D. introduced new law restricting road use

40. The "large, broad wheels" of the
Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 20
as an example of a feature of wagons that
was
A. unusual in mid-eighteenth century
vehicles
B. first found in Germany
C. effective on roads with uneven surfaces

D. responsible for frequent damage
to freight
KEY GRAMMAR
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. B
11.D
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. A
22. D
23. A
24. C
25. D
26. C
27. C

28. D
29. D


30. A
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. A
35. C
36. C
37. A
38. A
39. C
40. C

FULL
TEST 62

1. When _______in arctic regions, the Aleuts
construct igloos as temporary winter shelters.
(A) travel
(B) to travel
(C) traveling them
(D) traveling
2. Most substances contract when they freeze
so that the density of a substance’s solid is
_______of its liquid.
(A) than the higher density
(B) higher than the density

(C) the density is higher than that
(D) the higher the density
3. The mechanism by which brain cells store
memories is _______clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor
4. Desert animals _______a means of retaining
moisture in such a hot, dry climate if they are to
survive.
(A) need
(B) needing
(C) to need
(D) was needed


5. _______state of Wyoming is also known as the
“Equality State” because Wyoming women were the
first in the nation to vote.
(A) The
(B) There is a
(C) That the
(D) As the
6. Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much
sweeter _______.
(A) than cane sugar does
(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar

5
Ground plans and contour maps of
the Earth _______from aerial photographs.
(A) can be drawn
(B) can draw
(C) to draw
(D) drawn
6
By the middle of the twentieth century,
painters and sculptors in the United States had
begun to exert _______over art.
(A) influence worldwide a great
(B) a great worldwide influence
(C) influence a great worldwide
(D) a worldwide influence
7 _______millions of galaxies exist in the vast
space outside the Milky Way.
(A) It is estimated that
(B) An estimate that
(C) That is estimated
(D) That the estimated
8 The extent of the harmful effect of
locoweeds on animals depends on the soil
_______the plants grow.
(A) which
(B) which in
(C) in which
(D) in
9 The operetta first _______as a popular form of

musical theater in the nineteenth century.
(A) to emerge
(B) emerging
(C) has emerged
(D) emerged
10
_______complex organic
catalysts originating in living cells.
(A) Enzymes
(B) Enzymes are
(C) Enzymes which are
(D) Enzymes while they


A

23. The most significant cosmological
characteristic of the galaxies are the
A B red shift
in their optical spectra.
D
16. James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of
his painted and even
A
B
C
changed the names of some works years after their
completion.
D
19. Duke Ellington’s orchestra, playing his original

compositions and
arrangements, achieving a fine unity of style and
made numerous innovations
B
C
in modern jazz.
D
22. Moles are almost completely blind, although its
tiny eyes can distinguish
A
B
C
D

light from dark.
27. Noise is a psychological term referring toward
unpleasant, unwanted, or
A
B C
intolerable sound.
D
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical
doctor in the United States,
founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that
have always had a
A B C completely
female medical
staff.
D
29. Criminal contempt, committed in the presence

of the court, may consist of

B
C
disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience
of a judge’s orders.
D
30. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction
against traditional methods of
A
B
portray reality.
C
D
31. During the 1600’s skilled shoemakers scarce
were in what is now the
A
B
C
D

A United States.
32. If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes
positively charged and can
A
B
combine chemically with other atoms.
C
D