Intermediate accounting 17e by kieso ch03

Intermediate Accounting
Seventeenth Edition
Kieso ● Weygandt ● Warfield

Chapter 3

The Accounting
Information
System
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Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the basic accounting information system.
2. Record and summarize basic transactions.
3. Identify and prepare adjusting entries.
4. Prepare financial statements from the adjusted trial
balance and prepare closing entries.
5. Prepare financial statements for a merchandising
company.
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Preview of Chapter 3 (1 of 5)
The Accounting Information System
Accounting Information System
• Basic terminology

• Debits and credits
• Accounting equation
• Financial statements and ownership structure
• The accounting cycle

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Preview of Chapter 3 (2 of 5)
The Accounting Information System
Record and Summarize Basic Transactions
• Journalizing
• Posting
• Chart of accounts
• Recording process illustrated
• Trial balance

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Preview of Chapter 3 (3 of 5)
The Accounting Information System
Adjusting Entries
• Types of adjusting entries
• Deferrals
• Accruals

• Adjusted trial balance

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Preview of Chapter 3 (4 of 5)
The Accounting Information System
Preparing Financial Statements
• Closing
• Post-closing trial balance
• Reversing entries
• Summary

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Preview of Chapter 3 (5 of 5)
The Accounting Information System
Financial Statements for Merchandisers
• Income statement
• Retained earnings statement
• Balance sheet
• Closing entries

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Learning Objective 1
Describe the Basic Accounting
Information System

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Accounting Information System (1 of 4)
Accounting information system
• Collects and processes transaction data
• Disseminates financial information to interested
parties

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Accounting Information System (2 of 4)
Helps management answer such questions as:
• How much and what kind of debt is outstanding?
• Were sales higher this period than last?
• What assets do we have?
• What were our cash inflows and outflows?
• Did we make a profit last period?

• Are any of our product lines or divisions operating at a
loss?
• Can we safely increase our dividends to stockholders?
• Is our rate of return on net assets increasing?
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Accounting Information System (3 of 4)
Basic Terminology
• Event

• Journal

• Transaction

• Posting

• Account

• Trial Balance

• Real Account

• Adjusting Entries

• Nominal Account

• Financial Statements

• Ledger

• Closing Entries

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Accounting Information System (4 of 4)
Debits and Credits
• An account shows the effect of transactions on a
given asset, liability, equity, revenue, or expense
account
• Double-entry accounting system (two-sided effect)
• Recording done by debiting at least one account and
crediting another
• Debits must equal Credits
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Debits and Credits (1 of 5)
The Account
• Record of increases and decreases in a specific asset,
liability, stockholders’ equity, revenue, or expense
item.
• Debit = “Left”

• Credit = “Right”
An account can be
illustrated in a
T-account form.

 
 
 
 

Account Name
Debit
Credit

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Debits and Credits (2 of 5)
If the sum of Debit entries are greater than the sum
of Credit entries, the account will have a debit
balance.
Transaction #1
Transaction #3
Balance

Account Name

Debit
Credit
 $10,000
$3,000
8,000 
 
$15,000 

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Transaction #2

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Debits and Credits (3 of 5)
If the sum of Credit entries are greater than the sum
of Debit entries, the account will have a credit
balance.
Transaction #1

Balance

Account Name
Debit
Credit
 $10,000
$3,000
 
8,000

 
 
$1,000

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Transaction #2
Transaction #3

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Debits and Credits
(4 of 5)

Normal Balance – Credit
Liability Accounts
Credit
Debit
- (decrease)  + (increase)

Normal Balance – Debit
Asset Accounts
Credit
Debit
+ (increase)  - (decrease)

Stockholders’ Equity Accounts 
Credit
Debit

- (decrease)  + (increase)

Expense Accounts 
Credit
Debit
+ (increase)  - (decrease)

Revenue Accounts 
Credit
Debit
- (decrease)  + (increase)

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Debits and Credits (4 of 5)
Balance Sheet
Asset = Liability + Equity

Income Statement
Revenue - Expense =

Debit

Credit

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The Accounting Equation
Relationship among the assets, liabilities and
stockholders’ equity accounts of a business:

The equation must be in balance after every transaction.
For every Debit there must be a Credit.
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The Accounting Equation (1 of 4)
1. Owners invest $40,000 in exchange for common stock.

2. Disburse $600 cash for administrative wages.

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The Accounting Equation (2 of 4)
3. Purchase office equipment priced at $5,200, giving a 10
percent promissory note in exchange.

4. Receive $4,000 cash for services performed.

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The Accounting Equation (3 of 4)
5. Pay off a short-term liability of $7,000.

6. Declare a cash dividend of $5,000.

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The Accounting Equation (4 of 4)
7. Convert a long-term liability of $80,000 into common stock.

8. Pay cash of $16,000 for a delivery van.

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Financial Statements and Ownership
Structure
• Stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet
reports common stock and retained earnings

• Income statement reports revenues and expenses
• Retained earnings statement reports net
income/loss and dividends
• Because dividends, revenues, and expenses are
transferred to retained earnings at the end of the
period, a change in any one of these three items
affects stockholders’ equity
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Financial
Statements

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Ownership Structure
Effects of Transactions
on Equity Accounts

Ownership Structure
Proprietorships and
Partnerships
Corporations

Transaction Affecting

Owners’ or
Stockholder’ Equity
Investment by owner(s)

Impact on
Owners’ or
Stockholder’
Equity
Increase

Nominal
(Temporary)
Accounts

Revenues recognized
Expenses incurred
Withdrawal by owner(s)

Increase
Decrease
Decrease

Revenue
Expense
Drawings

Real
(Permanent)
Accounts
Capital

Capital

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Nominal
(Temporary)
Accounts

Revenue
Expense
Dividends

Real
(Permanent)
Accounts
Common
Stock and
related
accounts
Retained
Earnings

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