Organizational behavior 7e by luthans chap011

Chapter Eleven

Managing Performance
through Job Design and
Goal Setting

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.


Learning Objectives
• Discuss the background of job design as an
approach to managing for high performance.
• Define the job enrichment and job
characteristics approaches to job design.
• Present the quality of work life (QWL),
sociotechnical, and high-performance work
practices (HPWPs) approaches to job design.
• Explain goal-setting theory and guidelines
from research.
• Describe the application of goal setting to
overall systems performance.


Introduction
• Meta-analytic research findings support
conventional wisdom:
– Good old work experience is related to job
performance

• Research and practice perspective:
– Certain job designs and goal setting can
enhance performance


Job Design
• Various approaches


Job Design
Continued

• Background on job design
– Job rotation
– Job enlargement
– New challenges

• Job enrichment


Job Design
Continued

• Job characteristics approach to task
design - Hackman-Oldham model of work
motivation


Job Design
Continued

• Diagnosing and measuring task scope
– Motivational potential score (MPS)


Job Design
Continued

• Practical guidelines for redesigning jobs


Job Design
Continued

• Engagement, disengagement, and social
information processing
– Three psychological conditions: engagement
• Perceived meaningfulness, safety, and availability

– Psychological disengagement: “going through the
motions” while at work
– Social information processing – causes of attitudes,
perceptions, and behaviors:
• Cognitive perceptions of the real task environment
• Past actions, reinforcements received, and learning
experiences
• The information provided in the immediate social context


Quality of Work Life, Sociotechnical

Design and HPWPs
• Quality of work life (QWL)
• Sociotechnical design
• High-performance work practices
(HPWPs)


Goal Setting
• Theoretical background of goal setting
– Locke’s theory
• People strive to attain goals in order to satisfy their
emotions and desires
• Goals provide a directional nature to people’s
behavior and guide their thoughts and actions


Goal Setting
Continued

– Major dimensions of goal-setting theory


Goal Setting
Continued

• Refinements of goal-setting theory
• Research on the impact of goal setting
– Importance of specific goals
– Importance of difficult and challenging goals
– Goal acceptance, participation, and

commitment
– Self-efficacy and goals


Goal Setting
Continued

• Model for relating goals to performance and
satisfaction


Goal Setting
Continued

• Research on the impact of goal setting
(continued)

– Objective and timely feedback
– Other moderators in goal setting
– A word of caution regarding goal setting


Goal Setting
Continued

• Other theoretically related and
performance management techniques
– Goal orientation
• Learning goal orientation
• Performance goal orientation

– Benchmarking
– Stretch targets
– Goal source


Goal Setting
Continued

• Application to organizational system performance
– Management-by-objective (MBO)


Goal Setting
Continued

• Impact on the psychological contract
– Goal setting – in general and managementby-objective in particular
• Create psychological contracts employees


Questions