lý thuyết và bài tập về to infinitive bare ìninitive

I. INFINITIVE
1. To-infinitive / Infinitive with to: Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”
* Động từ nguyên mẫu có to được dùng làm:
- Chủ ngữ của câu:
Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream.
- Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ:
Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.
- Tân ngữ của động từ
Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
- Tân ngữ của tính từ
Ex: I’m pleased to see you.
* V + to-inf
- Sau các động từ: Agree , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope,
promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade,
encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,…
- Trong các cấu trúc:
+ It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf
+ chỉ mục đích
+ bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
I have some letters to write.
Is there anything to eat?
+ It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..
Ex: It is interesting to study English
+ S + be + adj + to-inf
Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf
+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf
Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why)
Ex: I don’t know what to say.

* Adj + to-inf:
- Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to thường được dùng sau một số tính từ diễn tả phản ứng hoặc cảm xúc của con người
(un)able
delighted
proud
glad
ashamed
afraid
eager
surprised
anxious
pleased
amused
easy
annoyed
happy
ready
* Note:
- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf
Ex: She allowed me to use her pen.
- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing
Ex: She didn’t allow smoking in her room.
- be allowed / permitted + to-inf
Ex: I was allowed to go out with my friends last night.
2. Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to (V1): Động từ nguyên mẫu không “to”
Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:


- Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,…
- Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had better

Ex: They made him repeat the whole story.
- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V1 (chỉ sự hoàn tất
của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra)
Ex: I saw her get off the bus.
- Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun
Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework.
He usually helps his sister do her homework.
He usually helps his sister with her homework.
II. GERUND (V-ing): Danh động từ
* Danh động từ có thể được dùng làm:
- Chủ từ của câu:

Swimming is my favourite sport.

- Bổ ngữ của động từ:

My hobby is collecting stamps.

- Tân ngữ của động từ:

I enjoy traveling.

* V + V-ing
- Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice,
suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest
(ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), ….
- Sau các cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used
to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá)
- Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about …
- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…

Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room.
- S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing
Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise.
III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND
1. Không thay đổi nghĩa:
- begin / start / continue/ like / love + to-inf / V-ing
Ex: It started to rain / raining.
2. Thay đổi nghĩa:
+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)
+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai)
Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I remember meetingyou some where but I can’t know your name.
Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday.
+ stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì
+ stop + to-inf: dừng ….. để …
Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health.
On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.
+ try + V-ing: thử
+ try + to-inf: cố gắng
+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)
Ex: I need to wash my car.


My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật ...
S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) ...
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)

Bài tập trắc nghiệm Gerund và Infinitive
Exercise 1:
1. My father usually helps me_______ English.
a. to learn
b. lean
c. learning
d. both a and b
2. He was heard_______ shout.
a. to
b. of
c. by
d. at
3. This student expected_______ the first winner of the Grand Prix.
a. be
b. being
c. to be
d. will be
4. I told her_______ about her wedding; everything will straighten out.
a. Don’t worry
b. not to worry
c. no worry
d. not worry
5. May I suggest you let_______
a. Mary doing so
b. Mary do so
c. Mary does to
d. Mary to do so
6. She_______ him when he called her.
a. pretended not hear

b. pretended she heard not
c. pretended not to hear
d. did not pretend hear
7. The doctor advised_______ late.
a. me not staying up
b. me not stay up
c. me not to stay up
d. I did not stay up
8. The school superintendent told me_______
a. hurrying up
b. to hurry up
c. hurry up
d. hurried up
9. “_______us face the enemies”, shouted the soldiers.
a. Make
b. Let
c. Leave
d. Keep
10. Mr. Brown told the schoolgirls_______ in class.
a. don’t ear
b. not to eat
c. eat not
d. not eat
11. I have heard Dang Thai Son_______ the piano.
a. played
b. plays
c. play
d. to play
12. The young teachers wanted a Foreign Language Teaching workshop _______ in Ho Chi Minh City.
a. to be holding

b. should hold
c. to be held
d. to hold
13. _______able to take part in the international math contest two years from now, Son works very hard in
his math lass.
a. In order to be
b. Being
c. Been
d. So that he be
14. Try_______ so many mistakes.
a. not to make
b. not make
c. to make not
d. make not
15. Let me_______ from you soon.
a. to hear
b. hear
c. hearing
d. heard
16. John is too stupid_______ understand this.
a. to
b. not to
c. to not
d. for
17. The wind is_______ to blow the roof off.
a. strong enough
b. too strong
c. quiet strong
d. very strong
18. My father is _______ to stay up late.

a. too tired
b. enough tired
c. tired enough
d. so tired
19. John wanted me_______ him.
a. to be helping
b. help
c. to help
d. I help
20. I want_______ early tomorrow morning.
a. to leave
b. leaving
c. me leave
d. me leaving
THE INFINITIVE OR THE GERUND
I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets :
1. Tom regrets ( spend ) too much time ( play ) computer games .


2. Students stopped ( make ) noise when the teacher came in .
3. He’ll try ( not make) the same mistake again.
4. Would you mind ( turn ) off the radio ?
5. When you see Tom, remember ( give ) him my regards.
6. They postponed ( build ) an elementary school for lack of finance.
7. It’s no use ( advise ) him. He never allows anybody (give) advice.
8. Is there anything here worth ( buy ) ?
9. We missed ( watch ) a football match last night .
10. The principal tells him ( come ) in .
11. My parents decided ( take ) a taxi because it was late.
12. Do you agree ( lend ) me some money ?

13. Tom refused (give) me his address .
14. You’ll be able ( do ) it yourself when you are older .
15. I didn’t know how ( get ) to your house , so I stopped ( ask ) the way .
16. We found it very difficult ( reach ) a decision .
17. I will remember ( give ) Mr. Brown your message .
18. She remembers ( be ) taken to the zoo by her mother .
19. Do you feel like ( go ) to the concert or would you like ( stay ) at home ?
20. My family is considering (take) a trip to the USA next year.
21. The police didn’t permit ( camp ) in this wood for security reasons .
22. We don’t allow people ( smoke ) in the lecture room.
23. The teacher advised ( review) the grammatical structures carefully .
24. He’ s used to ( go ) on foot to work .
25. We get used to ( work ) on Sundays .
26. She is looking forward to ( see ) her friends .
27. Sometimes students avoid ( look ) at the teacher if they don’t want (answer ) a question.
28. You should try ( wear ) any shirts you want to buy.
29. The teacher recommends us ( prepare) the lessons well before ( come ) to class.
30. There are people can’t help ( laugh )when they see someone ( slip ) on a banana skin
31. He went to bed without ( lock ) the doors .
32. They don’t have enough patience ( wait ) for him .
33. Gravity makes water ( run ) downhill .
34. This man let me ( use ) his phone yesterday.
35. Are we allowed ( go ) out with Tom ?
36. The teller was made ( raise ) his hands .
37. Mary was advised ( stay ) out of the crowd .
38. She prefers ( eat ) to ( prepare ) meals .
39. When the rainy season comes , you need ( repair ) the roof of the house .
40. The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) them now.
II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged:
1. Shall we go for a walk ? è What about ………………………………….?

2. Why don’t we visit our teacher ? è I suggest …………………………
3. I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon. è I’m looking ……………………
4. It is really quite easy to learn English . è Learning ……………………….
5. I don’t want to go to the movie tonight. è I don’t feel like ………………………………
6. Complaining about the matter is useless now. è It is ……………………
7. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. è It’s better to avoid …………………….
8. I expect that he will get there by lunchtime. è I expect him ……………………………
9. I remember someone telling me the news. è I remember being………………………..
10. Could you turn the radio down, please? è.Would you mind ……………………………………?