Advanced english grammar practice richard walton

Advanced
English
C.A.E.

RICHARD WALTON
SERIES EDITOR: Sue O'Connell
42843


Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate

Harlow

CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world

Essex

www.longman-elt.com

©

Richard Walton 1994, 1999

right of Richard Walton to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted by
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

The

him

in

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or

otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers.

First

published by

Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1994

This edition published by Pearson Education Ltd, 1999

Fourth impression 2000

ISBN

582 32571 4

Minion

Set in 11/13.5

Printed in Spain

Author's

for putting

would

to

Sue O'Connell for keeping the book 'focused' and staying positive: and to Roberta

up with

also like to

material

Estella

acknowledgement

Many thanks

I

by Graficas

and

it all.

thank the students and

staff

of St Clare's, Oxford for their help in piloting the

for their support.

The publishers

are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:

Ltd for an adapted extract from 'Special Agents' by Andrew Jones in
vol. 7 No 1, September 1977 and an extract from 'Thinking about family
life' by David Morgan in SOCIOLOGY REVIEW vol. 7 No 4, 1998; British Airways for an extract
from an article by David Hewson in BRITISH AIRWAYS BUSINESS LIFE July/ August 1998; BBC
WILDLIFE MAGAZINE on behalf of the authors, for extracts from 'Mystery of the dying frogs'
Philip Allan Publishers

SOCIOLOGY REVIEW

by Tim Halliday & 'Small is beautiful' by Jonathan Porritt in BBC WILDLIFE MAGAZINE
October 1997 p29 & pp21-22; Brockman Inc. on behalf of the author, for an extract from THE
RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD CHIMPANZEE by Jared Diamond; Guardian Newspapers Ltd
for a slightly adapted extract from 'Office Politics' by Guy Browning in THE GUARDIAN
WEEKEND 6.6.98; Guild of Master Craftsman Publications Ltd for and advertisement for a desk
editor in THE INDEPENDENT 13.10.93; Penguin Books Ltd for an adapted extract from
BETTER READER, FASTER READER by Manya and Eric De Leeuw (Pelican Original) Copyright
© Manya and Eric De Leeuw, 1965.

We have been

unable to trace the copyright holder of the

from Mr Gerald Murphy to
information which would enable us to do

heritage beat'

by Nigel Paige, Anne Burchell
Designed by Annette Peppis
Illustrations

Project

Managed by Dave

Francis

letter 'Pick

THE INDEPENDENT
so.

Strawberry Fields for the

and would appreciate any


Contents
I

Dictionary

skills

Language Matters

6

Use Your Head
- Abbreviations;

parts of

-

Relative clauses

Relative pronouns; different

speech; tenses; dependent prepositions

endings; reduced relative clauses;

Grammar -

like, as and alike
Comparison - Comparatives and

spite of;

Conditionals

0, 1,2; despite/in

although/but

- Word order
Can you split
Prefixes - under and over
Writing - Informal letter
Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs -

superlatives, as
it

up?

...

35

fill

in the gaps

I

Chance to See

Last

Relative clauses

- Punctuation;

- Tense and

structure; different

meanings
Expressing the future

-

Degrees of comparison

Quantifiers

Linking and logical devices - addition,

Linking and logical devices - cause and

each/every, either/neither

purpose and time

concession, contrast

result,

Word formation

Spelling

Discourse cloze

Wordcheck - Collocations

Emphasisers

Writing - Formal

Error correction

Review writing

Wordcheck - The environment

2

Severe Weather

ii

7

The Ages

of

Man

41

Vocabulary - Collocations; Idioms and

Grammar -

metaphors

past simple or present perfect; present perfect

Contrast links

simple and continuous; stative vs dynamic

Collocations

verbs

Prepositions

Dictionary

used

to ... vs be/get

used

letter

Progress Test Three

to ...;
1

Emphatic structures

have/get something done, passives for formal

Reported speech

effect

Expressions with make

and mixed conditionals
Dependent prepositions

Dependent prepositions
Wordcheck - Weather

Discourse cloze

Writing - Article

Wordcheck - Age

Spelling

- That

can't

be

right!

Grammar - Review of passives and

3

Time

Eaters

16

Vocabulary - Register and
no matter

causative

Compound

style

The

...

Grammar -

will vs going

to;

skills

future time

.

. .

the

make/cause,

effect

Grammar -

passive;

-ing forms; prepositions

conjunctions + -ing; -ing or

and

infinitive?; -ing

fill

5

29

Phrasal verbs

and continuous

- Phrasal verbs with

up; in

other words; three-word phrasal verbs

Progress Test Two

Mind Your Manners

55

building; adjectives

skills

-

Collocations; metaphors

3

infinitives; cleft

Editing for phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs

Wordcheck - Collocations

Dependent prepositions
Writing - Information sheet

Collocations with do/make/have/get

Structural cloze

Word formation
Wordcheck - Relationships

modals/modal

perfects; passives; linkers;

participle clauses;

-ing forms

-

emphatic structures

-ing or infinitive?; -ing forms,

with or without

to

Wordcheck - Studying and examinations
61

of -ing forms and

sentences and introductory

conditionals; structures after verbs;

Review of tenses
Writing - Report

Register cloze

- Air travel

Writing - Formal letter

86

Tenses

Writing - Report writing

Union

14 Testing Times

infinitive

and mixed conditionals

10 State of the

Word formation

Review of grammatical and syntactical
structures - Tense forms and time;

vs pronunciation; pronunciation

Grammar - Review

stress

50

- verb + noun; verb + adverb;
+ noun
Dictionary skills - Opposites - prefixes;
synonyms and antonyms; phonetics; spelling

Reference links

Word

Word

Expressions of concession
Writing - Character reference

Type

Past simple vs past continuous;

past perfect simple

Dictionary

adjective

Globe Trotting

Grammar -

Vocabulary -

Collocations

Cohesive devices

80

and reciprocal

Lexical cloze

Modal verbs

25

object, reflexive

and idioms

Collocations

One

Mind and Body

Pronouns -

letter

Inversion after negative introductions

Progress Test

3

Wordcheck - Character and personality

9

and relaxation

Fire

Phrasal verhs

Dependent prepositions
Stress

1

in the gaps;

nouns; -ing adjectives
Word building - Verb formation

Wordcheck -

2nd, 3rd

46

etc.

Writing - Informal
20

3; 1st,

Past tenses for hypothetical situations

modal verbs

Cause and

Wordcheck -

Phrasal verbs

Grammar - The

Stress

Conditionals - Conditional

- comparatives

clauses; guess the ending; present tenses,

4

structure; different

Past tenses

adjectives of character

...

- Tense and

meanings

Structural cloze

Personally Speaking

8

75

Collocations and idioms
Phrasal verbs

letter

71

2 Living Dangerously

- Connotation; parts of

speech; metaphors and idioms; collocation;
word formation (derivations); register;
pronunciation and stress

Writing - Formal

relative

clauses with prepositions

Phrasal verbs

complete the sentences

as,

I

Editing

skills

Progress Test Four

93

Answer Key

98

it

SB =

Student's

Book


Use Your Head
Dictionary

I

1

skills

.3

Tenses

Complete the following sentences with the correct form
I.I

Abbreviations

Give two examples for each of the following dictionary
abbreviations.

The

first

Then fill in the name of the
you have used. See the example.

of the verbs in brackets.
tense

one has been done for you.
1

Dan hates doing

1

PREP

2

ADV

3

SING

4

CONJ

3

Sorry to keep you.

5

PRON
N [U] or UNCOUNT

4

hope they
the end of next month,

6
7

PL

8

ADJ

9

V

10

with,

from
2

Hi, Laura.

Long time no

?

.

5

6

PASS

I

meanings, a dictionary can

tell

a

8

Just think, this

9

11

Where on
I

hope

this

to build a

new government

new
-

grant, (can

seriously

ill

-

(be

before

)

time next month

here for

I

)

a sandwich?

No

lunch,

thanks,

I

(have -

)

you

earth

those

(buy-

)

on a sun-drenched beach
time tomorrow, (sit )
I

We

through the
realised

we were

forest for
lost!

in Italy

two or three hours

(walk-

)

Parts of speech
.4

Dependent prepositions

Complete the following sentences by putting the correct
preposition in the space provided. The first one has been

check your answers.

done
If

you take the

fast train,

you should be there

Many

1

2

it

car got stuck fast in the wet sand so

we just

3

When

5

we could.
Some prisoners began

it

started raining,

we

all

ran inside as

fast asleep.

I

should be integrated

4

a task properly if

impossible to attend

something

else.

her children's

Kelly has great confidence

It's

a

good idea to make notes
if you want to remember

reading

a fast to protest against the

got home, the children were already

It's

abilities.

fast as

appalling conditions.

By the time

social responsibility

you're worrying

left

there.

4

Moral and

into every child's schooling.

religions require their followers to fast at

certain times of the year.

The

for you.

in

under an hour.

6

6pm

)

We

last year?

shoes? They're awful!

each of the sentences below. Use your dictionary to

3

)

between 5 and

just

10

1

2

work by

phonetic script

Decide the grammatical function of the word fast in

1

the

(workDoes anyone want

when we
.2

(finish

ten years!

you:

12

1

the building

-

)

good monolinApart from spelling and

- part of speech
- pronunciation - if you can recognise
- word stress - /n't3:n/ or /nt3m/
- word formation

- collocations
- useful phrases the word is used in

)

Julia ever

her trip to India
gual dictionary an essential tool.

you

(wait-

you
last Saturday? (do Good news everybody!

7

will find

How long

What

Using a dictionary

you

it

)

sincerely

gymnasium with

learner,

How

see.

?(go-

As an advanced

- present

the washing-up. (hate

simple)

5

Unfortunately,

what you're
it.

many university courses do

provide students
they really need.

the basic study

not
skills


USE YOUR

6

Jack took early retirement as he was losing his grip

7

Apparently, an interest in reading in later

go and see the doctor with that rash

17

I'd

18

We should be able to

19

Should

life is

how much your

closely related

parents

unless

read to you as a child.

Ron

usually primes himself

plenty of

black coffee before starting the night

9

I

find

commit

very hard to

it

if

you.

the job.

8

HEAD

play tennis

,

on Friday afternoon

of course.
in the

neighbourhood,

feel free

to call in.

20

shift.

I'd

play a lot

work

historical dates

more

sport

so

if I

much

to do.

memory.
10

your

Lack of sleep can seriously interfere

Conditionals

ability to think rationally.

Although you cannot use

2

Grammar

conditional sentences, there

This

2.1

and 2
Grammar, SB page 14

Conditionals

0,

Focus on

I

1

OK, OK,

2

me back next week.
What would you do

I'll

money

lend you the

If

your car

miles

woollen clothes in hot water,
1

Quite frankly,

I

think you're going to

5

I

know

he's hardly ever
,

6

tell

him

I

the

3

around these days but
back in touch.
is late,

if

you

how

on time?

spoke to

me

my video

1

I'd

12

Should

cat,

it

one has been done for you.

very hard-working

U2J

Lucy lived in Mexico
Joe's parents wanted

for three years,

him to be a doctor

5

Sue passed

all

like that,

apply for that job as an interpreter

We made ourselves

10

all

understood

the special offers

its feet.

if

A

not doing any revision

B

of not speaking any Greek.

C

contact our publicity officer.

D

I'm going to take a big pullover in case
very cold.
those headaches

all

the

more often.
15 Provided
no more objections, we'll
continue with the next point on the agenda.
16 Suppose
on a desert island, how would
you survive?
time

if

you wore your

I

r~]

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

Jack

and Ruth sent

at all.

their daughter to a private place

further information, please

I'm sure you

I

of drinking six cups of strong, black

ten miles away.

14

I

B
on

always

better Russian.

13

I

I

they lived almost opposite the

coffee

camera on condition that

I

of her exams

state school

properly.

you drop a

first

what you might have heard,

9

You can borrow
If

is

8

my boyfriend

10

Column A with
Column B then add an appropriate linking

teachers can help students learn,

a

his face.

9

Joan

7

can't get off to sleep at night unless

If

1

4

6

hot drink.
8

dishes.

half of the sentences in

2

exam

to get

But supposing our train
the airport

7

fail

harder.

unless

wash the

A

they shrink.

4

first

their endings in

word or phrase. The

you

I'll

long as you pay

from anywhere?
3

clear the table,

Study Box, SB page
as

can.

2.2 despitelin spite of; although/but

Match the
if

after if in most
one time when you

to express willingness or volition:

is

e.g. If you'll

Complete the following conditional sentences with
suitable phrases. Look at the example given.

'//

is

glasses

but

she's

not very imaginative.

E

I

F

she only speaks a few words of Spanish.

refused to

buy any encyclopaedias.

G

I

H

students must learn for themselves.

just couldn't stay awake.

he wanted to learn to write plays.

I

J

there

is

no quick and easy way

to learn a language.


USE YOUR

I

HEAD

much

3

Phrasal verbs

4

He

3.1

Word

5

Their

6

Look, don't keep complaining to

order

In some, but not

all,

is

two years ago!

wrong. Make

steak

any corrections that you think are necessary. See the
7

example given.
If there are

Quick,

I

8

for

me?

You don't have to
Think over it and

give

you going

4

'Are

5

Could you look

'Yes,

'I

about

If

it.

your

underdone, send

!

'Did you believe that story about a long-lost brother?'
'No, not a

word of

'What did

little

it.

I'm sure she was making

let

swimming

phone

jot Jack's

Patrick think of his

first visit to

me an answer right
me know tomorrow.

like a

duck

to water!'

away.

You don't have to give me an answer right now.
Think
for a while.
10 The form was so complicated that she had to ask her
9

to the party next Friday?'

this article

the

pool?'

'Oh, he took

I'm really looking forward to

you think of
6

Can you

haven't got a pen.

number down
3

is

me

any words you don't understand, look

*up(them)in your dictionaries.
2

but he takes

in the way he behaves.
company has gone bankrupt and they only set

of the sentences below the word

order of the phrasal verbs and objects

1

doesn't look like his father

it.'

through and

accountant to

me what

tell

11

I've

for her.

fill

been given

this algebra

problem

to solve before

it?

don't think we'll be able to play the

match

tomorrow morning and

I

just can't

work

in all

this rain.'

'No,

7

let's

put off

'Mrs McCarthy,

it

12

until tomorrow.'

I've got

your husband on the

13

put

down

It

9

Harry's family always believed in his innocence and

stood by
10

'I

see you're

'Yes,

3.2

him throughout
still

just couldn't

the

smoking,

murder

Can you split it up?

Grammar, SB page

CORRECT

-

2

OK, you read out
them down.

it.'

pronoun

(it,

don't know.

That cheese

I

was

phone numbers and

I'll

jot

just looking

in the fridge

me,

either before or after

Where's the remote control?
I

3

the

I still

don't understand this

word and

I've just

in the dictionary!

As they didn't have anywhere

to stay,

we put

Nina fainted

in the heat

and we had

to bring

with smelling

the particle. See the example provided.

1

14

15

1

place

he's never

trial.

In the following sentences add a particle to complete the

them, etc) in the

man and

for the night.

^ Focus on

phrasal verb and an appropriate object

for another

it.

Chris.'

but I'm really trying to give up

him

looked

8

I

left

line.'

'OK. Put him through.'

was such a good book

His wife

really got

had gone off so

I

threw

salts.


USE YOUR

4 Prefixes - under and over

4.2

4.

1

Fill in

formation,

SB page 20

1

at

the example provided.

4.1.

There was

See the example provided.

far

too

2

smaller than average or normal (adj)

2

fail

3

to guess or understand the real cost, size or

difficulty

of something

(v)

not express an idea fully or adequately

4

weak and unhealthy due

5

charge too

6

having too few people for the amount of work (adj)

7

not cooked for long enough (adj)

8

wearing clothes that are not attractive or formal

enough

9
10

for

make too

little

money

(v)

something

5

(v)

6

7

lacking the money, education, possessions

fail

to appreciate

something

12

give too

is

little

how skilful,

8

and

I

at birth

a bit

The

she's

office

is

an

of the time

so

is

some people

will

is

I'm hopeless at preparing pasta.
to

I

always

cook and we end up

three days or throwing

it

away.

is

so

either eating

I

11

To say we were surprised by the news of his

can't stand

meat

that

blood oozing out of

oversized

have to

at present.

10

undersized

will

promote the new sports

trying to

which are

of photographic film (v)

Opposite

it

made redundant.

The council

I

put on

rather an

is

9

that

it

it

for

has

it.

find his songs very repetitive.

I

think he's really

be honest.
arrest

would be an
12

2
3

but

an hour.

as a singer, to

2

for a

bit

important someone or

Word

were

suit?

think 45 minutes

how much

(v)

light to a piece

my photos

just a mistake.

facilities,

opportunities that the average person has (adj)
1

was

be

use of something (v)

all

well.

take. I'd allow

an event (adj)

little

and

Calling his behaviour criminal
It

to lack of food (adj)

for

The baby was
weight

4

3

light

Don't you think you're a

barbecue in that
1

much

overexposed.

the spaces below with words beginning with

under and their opposites. Look

I

Now complete these sentences using any of the

words from

Word

HEAD

Many of the
suffering

13

It's

a very

children were clearly

from various

good

and

diseases.

restaurant. But be warned, they tend

to

4
14

Although she came from an

family

5

background, she went on to become one of the most

6

highly paid lawyers in Britain.

7
8

9
10
11

12


USE YOUR HEAD

5

Writing - Informal letter
has been

In the following

and style. One
there are 7 mistakes of layout
the other 6 nustakes
There are also 7 missing phrases. Fmd

letter,

marked for you
and complete the 7 missing phrases.

Andy Kulbacher
t

3ramley

KoadQB)

Burnville

&V2 66Z

20—

23rd Oct,
Dear

it

friend,

was

very nice to

after such a long

(1)

to hear that you've settled

time. (2)

down
of

in

your new job

Valencia

and are getting

Into the local

know, I'm

before although

still

now

working at the

same language

school as

I'm in

charge of marketing our courses

more

responsibility

So

it's

a

happens,

I'm

coming to Valencia next month and (3)

Europe!

lot

favour!

I

and

English language schools

information

in

desperately need the names,

this country.

and send me

(5)
I

{&)

you could go through

all

the local

information. Flease don't
if

when

local

I

if

It

As

and can't seem to get that sort of

(4)

yellow pages

in

lots of travelling.

addresses and phone numbers of the directors of all the

do

way

llfel

As you

it

in

you can't manage

it,

I

can always

get there.
,

we must

definitely

meet up when

see you soon.

I'm over. (7)

Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely,

Andy

USE YOUR HEAD

Word

6
6.

1

7

formation

Complete the following

grid,

paying particular

word

attention to whether the required

grammatically

is

positive (+) or negative (-). See the examples provided.
1

efficient (adj

2

respond (verb +)

3

benefit

+)

4

(noun +)
complex (adj +)

Wordcheck -

Collocations

Complete the sentences below by adding the correct
verbs in the most suitable form from the box. The

one has been done

first

for you.

efficiency

(noun +)

parrot

report

undergo

irresponsible

(adj -)

circulate

assimilate

set yourself

(noun +)

I

(adj +)

produce

offer

(noun +)

consult

jot

5

intellect

6

conceive (verb +)

(noun -)

1

If

7

deceive (verb +)

(adj +)

2

It's

8

anxious (adj +)

(noun +)

9

honesty (noun +)

(adj -)

10

explain (verb +)

(noun +)

11

photograph (noun +)

(adj +)

12

attend (verb +)

(adj -)

chew over

down

prove

(adj +)

you don't know where

it is,

hard to

try consulting an atlas.

information

when

feeling

anxious.
3

4

Several students volunteered to

psychological

tests.

Details of the

new

last

grant were

in the

edition of the college magazine.

13

psychology (noun +)

(adj +)

5

Don't even try and write everything. Just

14

invest (verb +)

15

appear (verb +)

(noun +)
(noun-)

6

It's

the

main

points.

important to

clear targets in

your

study programme.

6.2

7

Now complete the following sentences with suitable

someone else's words when writing your own notes.
8 The teacher said mnemonics can help you memorise
things and to
the point he memorised
various phrases the students, came up with in other

words from the exercise above.
16

A 'cheat'

is

someone who behaves

and
17

is

a popular

that

people are monarchists. This
18

is

all

British

languages.

simply not true!

9

Sara refused to provide the police with any

sum

10

The

effects

Children often

about their

of taking regular exercise

first

day

all

of

I

12

at school.

memory and

got top

of her arguments

left

us

all

The

in a

of confusion.

like to relax

with a good detective story - nothing

too demanding or

24

poor examination

results.

helpful to listen to classical

music when I'm

So-called 'sleep learning' has failed to

of our memories does not

necessarily deteriorate with age.

effects to the learning process.

The findings of the

tests

journal 'Psychobabble'.
in class, she

her exams.

The
state

23

it

any beneficial

feel a great deal

a virtually

grades in

22

and

Although Rita was often

had

find

no explanation

a problem.
1

21

I

of money.

are both physical

20

The headteacher could
for such

of such a large

for the

19

in a

way.

There

Don't make the mistake of simply

were

in the

USE YOUR

HEAD

8 Error correction
Parts of speech

8.

Underline the unnecessary words in each of the following sentences and
identify

which part of speech

1

Remind me

2

We really need an

it is.

to telephone to

See the example given.

my sister before the end of the day.

information about

preposition

flights to Skopje.

The modern life is complicated enough without more rules
and regulations.
4 They hope to can arrive before the start of the conference.
3

5

Hadn't she been suggested creating two part-time jobs?

6

If

7

Prague which

8

you don't know the answer, why don't you ask to the teacher?
is a city I've always wanted to visit.
Paul was in the hospital for three months after the accident

9

The shark which pushed

silently

through the seaweed and

attacked the unsuspecting swimmers.

There was an ominous silence as they entered into the room

10

8.2 Error correction

most

In

lines of the following text there

grammatically incorrect or

it

does not

is

fit

one unnecessary word.

It is

either

in with the sense of the text. For each

numbered line, find the unnecessary word and then write it in the space
provided. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (/). The first two
lines have been done for you.

Mapping the mind's word processor
An

area

is

deep in the

frontal half of the brain used to

left

process language has been pinpointed by a

Dr

Julie Fiez,

will

who

one day help

first

to

new brain-imager.

reported the work, believes brain-imagers

show ihajkhe causes of problems
(

like dyslexia

and determine strategies to overcome language in difficulties.
The new imaging technique shows that the parts of the brain which
#1£J working harder' because 'of blood flow has increased.

When some

people being studied were asked to

lift

their left index

finger Whir* they have heard a specific tone, word, syllable

or vowel. Others were asked only to listen without doing anything.

The

was seen to be. used only
show they had heard of the specific sound,

brain's left frontal region

when

subjects

had

to

rather than just listened.

but

this

one appears

to

Many regions

are involved in listening

be involved when parts of a sound have to

be analysed to make up a decision, for instance

pronounce the words

io

'lead'

and

'tears'

how

to correctly

in tfi^ different contexts.


Severe Weather

2

2 Contrast

Vocabulary

I

I . I

Study Box, SB page 27

Collocations

Match each word

Column

in

Column A with

A
1

partner in

its

example.

B. See the

E

high

Complete the sentences using the linking words in the
box below. The first one has been done as an example.

B

while/whereas

A

situation

on the other hand

range

2

gusty

B

3

torrential

C warning

1

4

severe

D

level

2

5

slight

E

tides

Mick
Dogs

likes

although

in contrast

yet

playing tennis, but only

are loving

and

if

he wins!
cats are very

loyal,

independent.

6

desperate

F

weather

7

flood

G

seas

8

choppy

H

rain

9

temperature

I

winds

sea

J

breeze

10

links

3

Hugo

claims to be a strict vegetarian and

he regularly eats chicken!
4

Cars produce a great deal of pollution. Bicycles,
,

5

Checkers

is

are totally environmentally friendly.

a relatively easy

game

to master,

learning to play chess takes a very long

time.
1

.2

Idioms and metaphors

6

Complete the following sentences to make a suitable
common idiom or metaphor connected with the weather.

Ms Ross will

7

Some

people regard television as no more than

'chewing
1

I'm really sorry

I

'What's the capital of Peru?'

3

Jane and Steve have what you might

I

haven't got the

relationship

and then making up
Julie

5

The decision

is

-

a

they're always arguing

word combinations. The

smile.

is

Tom

met by

of protest from

last

7

for forgetting their

wedding anniversary

of the

TV cameramen

was

hit in the leg

when

I

The

3

got

home

4

to find everyone in

'Is

Nick pleased about

'Pleased? He's

on

I

6
of tears

new job?'
nine!'

I

had

to hitch a

you

most parts of the country.
of my hand and

lift.

I'll

try

out.

of the sales to buy myself a
suit.

Jan takes large doses of Vitamin

C at the slightest

of a cold.

My kids just never g
to

7

missed the bus so

took a

where

toys
his

pull

smart new

over the terrible news.
10

in

Quick! Grab h

h
job.

I

lorry drivers' strike brought the traffic to a

s

5

boss's manner turned decidedly
after I told her I was looking for a new

9

2

of bullets outside

the gang's.hideout.
8

Unfortunately,

and

they were caught in a

The

1

month.

One

common

of the missing word

given in each case to help you. See the example.

Maria with presents to

has been

make up

first letter

new motorway through

local residents.

6

Collocations

3

Complete the following sentences to form

everyone with a
the forest was

others

idea!'
call

again!

to build the

many

for the eyes',

educative value.
Jo likes living in the country, she does

8

amazingly cheerful, she always greets

4

its

miss the convenience of living in town.

2

'Sorry,

gum

appreciate

won't be able to see you this week

but I'm absolutely snowed under with work.

be able to see you tomorrow
not before 11am.

and

all

the

a second thought

money comes from

to

pay for

their

presents.

Clean, running water plays a vital

r

in

the health of the population of any country.

II


.

2

t

.

SEVERE WEATHER

Writing - Formal letter

4 Prepositions

5

Complete these sentences with a preposition and the

Fred Smith

appropriate form of a

word taken from the box below.

See the example.

is

Mr Clough, the

writing a letter to

Chairman of the town council
information in his

in Loxley.

letter is correct

The

but the style

more formal
box below.

informal. Rewrite the letter in a
increase

tears

admission

warn

clear

stand-by

action

count

illusions

fit

include the phrases in the

I

Dan's rather mean.

He

thinks a box of chocolates

counts as a generous wedding present!
In

rough weather the coast guard

constant
signals

to

from

I

.

.

10 North Parade

She said sharks had been seen
his refusal to

answer the

Loxley
Dear Mr Clough
I'm writing to
say just how fed
ud
.„
P T
the state of the rn^ ~
Wlth
a real mess
It#s
Just the TrT
Bicknell,
the back wheel of
g0t

her MinHt
ln ° ne ° f
the huge great
nor hm
my gate
The poor old thina
re a ly
""
** to get two
r ; om t h
g&rage to P u
her car out'

his guilt.

^^ ^
U*^^,^^
f
!

'

^^^

cSs

seriously.

Before applying the solution,

make

sure the surface

to be treated has been

and

police

all

—her

paint.

moved

to stop fighting

swiftly

between the

rival

groups of football

fans.

number of cases of skin cancer due
damage to the ozone layer.
was such a sad film that we were

to the

reduced

at the end.

The new model

is

windows, a sun-roof and a

i»

?'*£

-

electric

catalytic converter as

this

s^n

1 T, k!

S

T"**

^S TT

out a bit

ear fr °m

"^
°"

S&W

"*

r0ad repair
*
POSsible Not only

^
"o
-rj^
-

*»
can

^ ™* «** *™t

standard.

Fred Smith

12

"

Z.T^
laKM

^ttt^rSl^e

probleT

"

«

^J^
ZT^IZT^^ —

team round here
as
i thinJ ft
,e
get

that,

all

^T

h^

we
wi
tit icf
But that was two
ninths ago now
you know about
the situatTo k
a chap from the
council
3-st after the

There has been a dramatic
the

™
^

/

<-

The workers were rather cynical after the meeting.

Most of them were
no
that
the management would take their complaints

10

concern about

.

us

in the bay.

question as an

It

.

and

boats.

Most people regarded

The

my

express

must insist that you
must urge you to

style

distress

there recently.

loose rust

am writing to

far too

is

respond quickly to

A local woman
swimming

I

is

SEVERE WEATHER

-That

6 Spelling

be

can't

2

-^

right!

some of the underlined verbs

In the following sentences

are spelt incorrectly. Correct any mistakes, as in the

example.

forgetting
_

I've

1

got a terrible

girl's

memory,

I

keep forgeting that

name.

what they say in the commercials,
some of these face creams seem to stop the a geing

you

2

If

3

William

believe

process completely!

studing

is

become an
4

He hopes

languages.

to

interpreter.

think the best sport for all-round fitness must be

I

swiming
5

modern

.

wish you'd stop biting your

I

Grammar

7

-

nails

7.

a really

it's

1

unpleasant habit!
6

Come

7

I

on,

supposed
8

go to the pub, I'm dieing for a drink!

let's

see the police have arrested those
to have

The crash

is

kidnaped that

a complete mystery.

sunny afternoon, with
practically

10

Causative have/get

occurred on a

excellent visibility

and

Have/get something done (Causative)

left

her credit card behind

when

They tryed not

e.g.

to laugh at his accent but just

be getting on very well

e.g.

12

Excuse me, Professor. Could you repeat the
that

13

14

German

you

I

fire

refered to earlier?

chaos.

•

consonant

was

difficult

to do/achieve

decorating finished just before

we

in.

indicate a planned action to achieve

He

ran out last

something

got himself elected President of the club.

imperatives

Get

this

room cleaned up

at once!

Doubl ing consonants

is

in

verbs of

(usually)

more than one

doubled only

if

syllable the

the stress

is

on

underlined forms
possible. See the

is

correct/more probable or

if

both are

example given.

it:

oO

O

referred
o

in

e.g.

that something

it

In the following sentences, decide which of the
that

the syllable before
e.g.

a feeling of obligation or urgency

We finally got the

• to
e.g.

fina

(usually undesirable)

I

moved

was very small, everyone paniced

and rushed out of the cinema, causing complete

Remember

no time.

used rather than have:

• to show
e.g.

flUSHE |

in

must get my car insurance renewed week!
e.g.

say!

Although the

is

• to show

of

When I was a boy, I plaied rugby not football.
Oh Brian! You really must stop disagreeing with

everything

15

scientist

name

it.)

Clara had/got her credit cards stolen the other day.

Get

these days, they're always ar gueing about something.

did

to happen yourself

have/get this mess cleared up

I'll

• experience something

it.

to

used to mean:

I

• cause something

Jim and Fay don't seem

is

• cause something to be done by someone else
e.g.
had/got my hair cut yesterday. (The hairdresser

she payed for the petrol.

couldn't help
1

It

are

boy.

no wind.

Louise must have

9

men who

little

Review of passives and causative (havel
Focus on
get something done)
Grammar SB, page 30

but

offered

but

remembering

O

forgetting

o

o

O

o o

1

Our house

is (beinafgetting

staying with friends at the

renovated so we're

moment.

2

Frank's nose was/got broken while he was playing

3

The new museum on Bath Road was/got designed by

rugby.

Isobel Fischer.

13


SEVERE WEATHER

2

4

Sorry I'm

way
5

late

but

kept being/getting lost on the

I

8

Sorry, but the council has turned

down your

planning permission.

here.

We

I'm afraid the meeting will have to be/get postponed

regret to inform

you

that planning permission

until next week.

6

Apart from the terrible hotel and the dirty beach,

camcorder was/ got stolen on the
7

Have/Get your hair

8

I

went

We

my

my

day too!

little

9

man!

No

just couldn't

I

You won't get any compensation
and it gets lost.

if

you post money

compensation

watch repaired.

managed

eventually

just before

10

you horrible

to five different shops but

have/get

9

cut,

last

it

to have/get the tent put

up

10

started snowing.

They don't

let

kids in without a grown-up.

Children

Don't worry, we'll soon have/ get your car started.

7.2 Passives for formal effect

8 Dependent prepositions

Using the verbs in the box below, complete the sentences

Complete the following sentences with the correct
preposition. See the example given.

to

make more formal

provided.

equivalents of the sentences

An example is

address to pay for

pay

grant

given.

accompany
accompany

receive

notify

require

allow

All

2

You look

If

you break anything,

All breakages

2

(will)

You might have

to

you'll

have to pay for

have to be paid

show some

it.

for.

sort of ID.

You

can't

pay by cheque unless you've got a

4

7

As soon

80%

a flash inside the cathedral.

tell

the

manager

if

The

7

you before the end of the month

if

you've

You've got to pay for everything within ten working

Full

14

payment

action to hold back the

company went up

50% when

discovery of the

successful applicant

days.

strike.

price of shares in the

over

9

got the job or not.

The

when

as the President stepped out of the car,

new

they announced the

oilfield.

We've decided to switch
solar

tell

dates

financial trouble

moved

you've got anything to

All complaints

They'll

It

crowds.

complain about.

6

very old.

efficiently.

of the staff went on

guards

8

You should

is

an excellent colleague. She goes

is

The school ran

Flash photography

5

Erica

6

must

You mustn't use

part of the house

her job calmly and

guarantee card.
All cheques

shirt

steps.

5
3

you tuck your

at least?

more than 400 years.
4 The sudden movement of the train threw me
balance and I fell head-first down the

may

Proof of identity

The main

fitted with a safety lock.

really scruffy. Can't

your trousers
3

1

new models have been

1

power

in

electricity

an attempt to be more eco-

friendly.

10

The over-use of fertilisers and

pesticides

the greatest threats

wildlife today.

is

one of


SEVERE WEATHER

2

Wordcheck -Weather

9

Complete the crossword. One has been done

for you.

Across
If severe

you

weather or a transport problem prevents you from leaving a place,

are

(8)

2

Violent form of 8 across with strong circular 9 across. (7)

3

Very strong 9 across.

4
5

A great amount of water
A pile of snow blown up

6

Medical term for

(4)

in a place that

is

usually dry. (5)

by 9 across. (5)
when your body temperature

falls

to a dangerously

low

level. (11)

Water

7

at

0°C. (3)

Bad weather with a lot of rain. (5)
9 A current of air moving across the
8

Blocked in by heavy snow.

10

earth's surface. (4)

(9)

Down
11

Having become hard or

12

Periods of dry weather causing suffering and hardship. (8)

13

14

A
A

15

To die under water because you

stiff

from

cold. (6)

violent hurricane that occurs in the western Pacific. (7)
large

mass of snow that

slides

down

the side of a mountain. (9)

can't breathe. (5)

Heavy snowfall with extremely strong 9
mixture of rain and snow. (5)

16

across. (8)

A

17

14

17

1

12

16

2

3

4

—11
5

13
15

6
7

8

1

="=+=

J

W

IN

D

15


"5

Time

Eaters

Vocabulary - Register and style

I

6

She turned out

be a great boss to work for

to

notwithstanding what everybody said about her.

Language Focus, SB page 36

7

to say the very least, pretty regrettable that the

It is,

Managing Director has decided
I . I

Good monolingual dictionaries always indicate

word or phrase has

a particular 'register', in other

the type of context

it

should be used

in.

if

words

8

Different dictio-

all tell

you whether the word or phrase

formal, specialised/technical
etc),

(e.g.

old-fashioned/dated, slang,

with no label are of neutral

medical, legal, literary,

etc.

to

words and

9

1

One

more

12

14
medical

1

lesion

2

podgy

3

bananas

cut,

it

may
So

'Hi, Karen.

wound

T

see Fred

pen

6

larceny

7

pretty (adv)

8

court (v)

Match the

9

on

2 no matter

first

11

politic

12

bamboozle

13

clavicle

1

No

14

lingo

2

Well,

Make any

necessary changes to the underlined

words are

Not

all

in inappropriate register.

the under-

The

first

one

Unfortunately, he ended his days in an institution
for the criminally

bananas insane

it.

Look

Column B and add
at the

Column A with

a suitable

word

to

example.

matter how hard

my clavicle

Oh

3

Lingo study classes are from 0900 to 1215 with

think I've put

it

I

try,

looks as though we'll have to buy a

She never gets to work on time,
Don't trust her an inch,

5

7

No
No
No

8

Cigarettes are extremely

9

matter

much

matter

you

matter

the doctor

Look, this rumour

Come

is

bad

he'd like to,

get there,
tells

totally untrue,

on, you'd better clear

up

this mess,'

B

options in the afternoon.

A

You

B

no matter
no matter

C

he'll

D

no matter

anniversary of the foundation of the club.

no good trying to bamboozle me. I'm not going
buy any insurance.

E he

she promises.
it

costs.

never forget the crash.

refuses to give

fault

up

him,

for you,

out again.

are invited to a nosh- up to celebrate the 25th

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

one,

4

10

,

2

I

3

6

has been done for you.

16

.

A

in the sentences that follow.

no!

.

F

new

to

.'

part of each sentence in

complete

It's

arrested again.'

Study Box, SB page 42
the second part in

5

some

(v)

nosh-up

4

about two months now.'

for

his legs.

Gomm's been

notwithstanding

1

your new boyfriend.'

is

(adj)

wireless (n)

lined

this

'The usual - larceny

5

words

to

'Oh, what for this time?'

4

.2

moment

I'm a bit worried about Harry, doctor. He's got

10

1

it.

me? You know

for

not be politic at this

been courting

nasty lesions

Synonym

Register

feels

given.

13

Word

as she used to call
list

press for an increase in salary.

'Yeah, we've
is

never bought a TV. She was quite
,

determine the

common/neutral (near) synonym. An example

My grandmother

10

Words and phrases

to discover a

a higher risk of heart disease in

life.

happy listening to her wireless
Can you pen a quick shopping
how forgetful I am.

informal,

register.

Use your monolingual dictionary
register of the following

is

Podgy children run
later

naries use slightly different labels to indicate register but

they

to resign at this

crucial time.

a

it

was.

eating fatty food.


TIME EATERS

F

G

H

I

never lose any weight.

no matter
no matter

Future time clauses Focus on
Grammar, SB page 44

3.2
told you.

bus she

I

give us a ring to let us

J

no matter

know
little

3

takes.

everything's
tar they

OK.

might contain.

Complete the following passage by putting the time
conjunctions from the box in the correct space. The
one is shown as an example.
until

when

after

while

by the time
as soon as

before

if

until

once

first

Memorandum
from Security Supervisor
before the Ambassador

(1)

I

B Shadow

arrives,

you

searched the embassy and
grounds for
anything suspicious.

Grammar

3
3.

(2)
his bullet-proof
limousine,

1

will vs

have

he steps

^

Qf

you and three of your men

will be ,n charge of
his persona] safety

(3)
he gets back into his
limousine after the

Focus on Grammar,

going to

will

meeting.'
4)
he s shalthe British
^
diplomats, one of you will
have to stay very close to
'

SB page 44
Complete the sentences below using the most
appropriate form of will or going to and the verb given
in brackets. The first one has been done as an example.

im

(5)

he greets the well-wishers

crowd and, remember,

behavmg

What

'

are you qo'mq to do (do) after you leave

embassy bu.lding with

university?

2

I

hope

accompany him
(have) a better job this time

I

4

Look
we

have an orange

'I'm sorry, we've

'Oh, alright
5

coming

straight at us!

Oh

no,

run

juice?'

is

(have) a coke then, please.'

I

What time do you

Oh come on, look

think you

(get)

back

at that beautiful

blue sky -

really, I

and read a

come and

help us but he

(probably not remember), you

how
9

(get)

I

Quick! Give

me

(sneeze) again!

know

is.

'Maria, the phone's ringing

'OK,
10

unreliable he

the time

when you and your men
will need to be
vigilant, so keep him
covered all the time.

10)
he gets back in his
limousine hell
be back in the hands of
the mobile security
[

and

flEiii-ii'rim?

(just stay) in

Sid promised to

he c °mes out of the
embassy the
probably have dwindled
somewhat but this

it

book.'

8

will

unit

'Have you got any plans for Friday night?'
'Not

the negotiators, you'll

meeting room door and
wait
he re-emerges -this

you'll be able to breathe

a sigh of relief.

(not rain) today!
7

(9)

most

out.'

from the conference?
6

and

could

crowd

(crash)!
I

to the

first

u
he
goes inside the

take anything from
two to three hours.

out, that lorry's

'Could

° U Side(8)

/

next year.
3

later. (7)
y

in the

see

strangely, you'll be
expected to act

ask questions
1

(6)

and I'm

it!'

a paper tissue,

I

in the bath.'


TIME EATERS

3

3.3

Focus on Grammar,

Guess the ending
SB page 44

6

'Where's Harry?' 'In the study,

7

Aunt Agnes

(write)

Complete these sentences in a

logical way.

Look

at the

is

some

I

think he

letters.'

very generous, she

(always/give) the children wonderful presents for

example provided.

their birthdays.
1

me

Don't worry, you'll recognise

as

soon

as

you see

That new postman

8

me!
2
3

4

It's

(not seem) very

bright to me, he

OK,

I'll

letters in the

wait for you until

go and have a cup of tea while
Hurry up, or they'll have finished dinner by the time

I'm sorry

9

we

I'll

but

we

(always/leave) our

wrong letterbox.
can't make it to the party on Saturday
(have) dinner with some old

friends.
5

6

7

8

meet you back here
Won't you get a fine if
I'll

Come

on,

You won't

let's

feel

after

10

we

end of the film the Swarzenegger

hero

(rescue) the prisoners

and

?

(get) the girl!

do the washing-up before we

much on

Predictably, at the

this side

of your

11

Where
your new house

12

Carter

mouth

you
is

(live) until

ready?
(serve),

Pampas

until the injection

(return) but the ball

Game

(go) into the net.

to Carter.

3.4 Present tenses
Put the verbs in brackets into either the present simple
or the present continuous tense. Put any other words in
the brackets in the correct place.

done
1

3

first

one has been

for you.

This milk doesn't smell (not smell) too fresh think

2

The

I'll

throw

it

out.

You
(forever/use) my razor, can't you
buy one of your own?
Oh yes, Jean and I
(know) each other
very well.

4

Mark
car's at

5

18

Remember

work by

train while his

-

to

Don't forget the coach

(leave) at 6.45

so you'd better get an early

past

seem

- they are also used:
remote and more dramatic,

less

when in comes Alan!
make the future more definite:

letters,

to

e.g.

at

make the

So, yesterday I'm sitting in the office, finishing off a

few

-

the mechanic's.

that present tenses are not only limited

to talking about the present

e.g.

(go) to

tomorrow morning
night.

Present tenses

I

We're

7 a.m.

flying

to Crete next Friday. The plane takes off


TIME EATERS

3.5

Focus on Grammar, SB

Modal verbs
page 48

11

'I

wonder why Pam ignored me

3

4

in the street this

morning.'

Complete the following sentences with a suitable form
of can, could, be able, may, might, must and the verb in
brackets. An example is given.

'Well, she

(not realise)

it

was you.

She's

as blind as a bat.'

12

Smoking

(cause)

all

sorts of physical

problems.
13

We

(not be)

more

delighted

when we

heard the news. Congratulations!
14

you

Quick, Phil!
there?

I

(see) that

man

over

well (be) the one the

think he

police are looking for.

15

Marsha
gave

16

it all

(be) a brilliant lawyer but she

up

live in

Nepal.

'What's that there in those trees?'
it's

too big. Let's run

but she

(not

(not be) a dog,

'It

for

17

and

to go

it!'

Jane's not completely deaf

hear) properly for a long time.

18
feel absolutely awful.

1

I

2

Are you going to

I

think

I

must have

Billy,

come away from

that dog.

(bite

It

you.

(have)

flu.

(come) to Charlie's

birthday party next Saturday?
3

My word!

4

(take)

It

you ages

to write

all

There are more than 2,000 pages!

this.

Which bus do you

think you

(leave)

your bag on?
5

odd we

'It's

haven't received that cheque. Showerings

said they'd sent
'Yes,

but

6

I

I

suppose

doubt

it.'

(get) lost in the post

it

it.'

(swim)

I

really well

when I was

six

could vs was able to

years old.

7

Although she had a broken

leg,

she

(swim) to the shore.
8

You
looked a

9

It's

10

I

real idiot in

not surprising

house.

Remember

me it was a formal party.
my pullover and jeans!

(tell)

we

is

used to show general

ability in

e.g.

She could drive when she was
was abk

to

shows

ability

on

1

3.

a specific occasion in

the past:

address!

(run) for miles.

could

the past:

(not find) the

You gave us the wrong

used to

I

Now I

(not 'even run) round the block!

e.g.

Despite having a

flat tyre,

she was able to drive home.


1

Stress

Cause and

I

Grammar

2

effect

Focus on Grammar, SB page 58

Study Box, SB page 55
Match the beginning of each sentence in Column A with
the correct ending in Column B and add any necessary

2.

words. See the example.

In each of the following sentences add a suitable subject

1

-ing

forms

made from
1

a verb.

The

one

first

Drinking lots of water

is

is

shown

supposed

to

as

an example.

be good for

your complexion.
causes a lot of unnecessary

2
accidents every year.
3

than

it

was 20 years

4

common way

is

much

is

by

popular

less

now

ago.
far the

most

of spending the evening.
often

5

makes you

appreciate the things you took for granted in your
1

Careless driving

2

Eating too

3

Skin cancer

many

Heart attacks

5

One

7
all

A sudden

Malaria can

is

weight and getting

day
8

Bad posture

7

crossword puzzles

6

sugary things

of using a computer

8

country.
is

a

classic time-eater.

4

6

own

LU

rise in

a

good way of losing

fit.

in

poor

light

can damage

your eyesight.

temperature
9

from

is

my favourite way of

is

a sign of nervousness or

relaxing.

9

Obesity can be the

of
10

10

Crimes

11

Letting children always

12

Accidents in the

in inner cities have increased
stress.

do what they want

home

B

A

overeating and a lack of exercise.

B can be

C
D

is

to cause

E being
F

to tiredness

can and does

is

by a mosquito.
of chronic back pain.

a major

of high unemployment and a lack of
recreational

H

distraction.

headaches and eye problems.

bitten

G

and

in tooth decay.

facilities.

can be

by sunbathing

for long periods.

a major cauee of road accidents.

I

is

J

can and does

to behavioural

problems

school.

K

have increased as a

of our

stressful lifestyles.

L can and does
20

avalanches.

modern

at


STRESS

1.1 Prepositions

and conjunctions +

-ing

or

2.3 -ing

Complete the following sentences by adding the correct

Complete the following sentences with
or infinitive. In

The

brackets.

I'm really looking forward to meeting your

heard so

I've

much about

2

We're thinking

3

Arnold was

4

When
me

the

5

falsely

1

Turkey

summer.
cash from

2

was a child

I

my mother was always warning
from

lifts

3

strangers.

is

4

photos —

absolutely hopeless

he always cuts your head or
anxious

5

the doctor next

8

week - she thinks it might be something serious.
Emma was furious with me
her ex-

6

7

intend to find out who's responsible

I

the same old faces every day

9

on the

interested

tell

Carol

is

You

10

famous

is

people's

remember

his

names —

own!

incredibly honest. She'd never
a

14

dream

of

found

16

name

20

rise

him he was

regret

I

that not onl;

but probably a pay

in the

pathetic,

you

that there

Having defeated the champion
Isn't

it

You

is

very

You must check in your mirror
another car on the motorway.

I

can't expect

14

(wonder) why
so

Julie

keeps

late.

no good

(worry) about things you

be expected

(know).

Would you mind not
I

opening

in the

in here?

I

in small, confined places.

hate
lift

and

tried

can't stand

smoke.
I

was once

(smash)

the doors down.

16

Don't forget

Monday -

USA.

17

seem

chance

video games.

can't

Always wear

just can't

little

on your parents
on your own two feet?
the exam if you spend all

tried

can't help

It's

15

machinery.

practically nothing,

any weight!

got a bit

the tournament.

time you stopped

much and

trapped in a

this

I

all.

regret

13

way

of that stuff you use

a Master's degree in the

lose

I

I

Francesco picked up a strong American accent

19

very long hours and
life.

in other people's cigarette

MANUFACTURER'S WARNING:

number of

the

During the meeting we came

home

back from a long holiday

safety goggles

18

Being a doctor means

12

grass stains out of clothes?

17

you smoke.

islands.

What's the

down on

try

cigarettes

you don't want

difficult to re-adjust to the British

it

life

Greek

won't

his face in a police

You must

day

lie.

can delete anything

Sally

petrol,

cup of camomile tea before you go

She remembered

so
1

this button.

15

a

match, she went on

Bath

trip to

Kerry by noon today.

Dr Farquar

I'm surprised he can
13

up with

the car

of recovery.

need a change!

Anyone
should

12

Try

angry, that's

8

I'm tired

-

fill

cut!

the window.

1

remember to

were we not getting a pay

boyfriend to the party.

10

one has been done for you.

a fragmented social

Lesley's rather

I

You'll

feet off!

7

9

ii

identikit picture.

today what she can

Jean doesn't believe

Trevor

gerund

indicated

is

to bed.

till.

put off until tomorrow!
6

first

either a

cases the verb to use

you?

this

accused

some

sister,

her.

to

*

infinitive?

preposition and a suitable gerund. See the example.

1

4

It's

not worth

by

to

18

the car to the garage

the brakes need

dirty!

(get) a fine

(risk)

the car here even for five minutes.

There was no point in
(help) if

on

again.

you don't

like

(promise)
(get)

your hands


2.4 -ing

nouns

2.5 -ing adjectives

Put the correct form of the nouns in the box below in
the correct places in the following sentences. See the

Match each adjective in Column A with the appropriate
noun in Column B. The first one is shown as an example.

example given.

A
showing

sighting

saying

setting

awakening

1

carving

spelling

carving

hanging

following

fitting

2

shaving

airing

being

hearing

recording

reading

A hundred years

ago people used to attend public

hangings outside local
We'll

need

jails.

work

to leave

of the

earlier

The rock group

early

if

we want

to see the

new movie.

'U2' has a very large

all

Have there ever been any verified
Loch Ness monster?
I like to throw open the windows and
a

good

room

Our second

this

evening comes from the

poetic works of Oscar Wilde.

'Everything

There's a lot of truth in the

comes

to

he

who

waits'.

We bought a beautiful wooden
in

He

felt

most attractive
surrounded by forest.

in the

the edge of a lake,

bag

D

stone

5

watering

E

licence

6

parking

F

powder

7

driving

G

knife

8

filling

H

can

paving

I

water

walking

J

site

1 1

fishing

K

cream

12

sleeping

L

space

13

ironing

M

14

washing

15

drinking

u

station

N
O

u

HHIW ni9

There was an
Actually, the

,

Some common words

on

stick

board

1 Collocations

to discover

official

word has two

told

from

me he'd

in

forming

who was

diving

chess

chopping

birthday

credit

membership

BOARD
CARD

carrier

shoulder

shopping

BAG

river.

different

^ Keep a record of these and other such

and

useful

words

and their possible partners.

both are correct!

He

are very useful

collocations e.g. board, card, bag.

girl.

responsible for polluting the

13

u

10

of love for this strange,

a gradual

independent

12

c

diving

Hungary.

The cabins were

11

of a horse

U

building

every morning.

'

board

B rod

3

of the

give the

A

4

9

over the world.

10

B
\G\

spoken to some

alien

another universe!

14

The bathroom

15

I'm sorry
concert

it's

still

has

all

the original Victorian

so crackly but

it's

the original 1948

3

Word

building

-Verb formation

Use the nouns or adjectives shown
suitable verbs to

1

If

you

tell

fill

the

each space.

in brackets to

form

An example is provided.

company exactly what you want, they

can put together a customised (custom) computer
system for you.
2

Would

it

be possible to

(large) this part

of the photo?
3

You'll never get a job unless

(smart) yourself

was

4

It

5

If you're

up

really Charles

you

a bit.

Dickens

who

(popular) the celebration of Christmas in Britain.

22

worried about the drinking water, there are


tablets

6

you can

Could you

(pure)

get to

We don't need to

hear

5

it.

(summary) the main

just

point for us?

now

Collocations

the details of the meeting.

all

smoking

7

Everyone

8

Frank bought an old car and

agrees that

Complete each of the following sentences with the
correct form of an appropriate verb taken from the box.
The first one is shown as an example.

(danger) people's health.

(cannibal)

9

We were

it

to repair

others.

(horror) by the

all

money we had
10

two

receive

meet

provide

calm

do

spend

organise

answer

take

amount of

attend

to pay.

The management

are trying to persuade the workers

(long) the

to agree to

11

Excuse me, professor. Could you

12

Taking regular exercise can

(clear)

modify

working week.

what you mean by 'dumbing down'?
(less)

the

risk of heart disease.

13

The

police find

(force)

14

it

extremely

difficult to

speed limits out of town.

Gangs of hooligans have been

(terror)

local residents.

15

Our anger
realised

(height)

still

further as

we

our luggage had been taken to the wrong

airport.

We all

need to spend some time

just enjoying

ourselves.

4 Dependent prepositions

Not having enough money
basic needs

Replace the incorrect prepositions in the following
sentences with the correct ones.
as

The

first

one

is

is

Many people

shown

an example.

find

it

hard to

their

behaviour

in order to

We've

been told that the new multi-gym

just

reduce

stress.

facilities for just

You can reduce your vulnerability fef to stress by
taking a nap in the afternoon.
2 I play tennis - but just in fun. I'm not very good at it.
3 I've no idea why Tony is so angry. He never confides

your

to

a great cause of stress.

about

all

will

indoor

1

sports.

Excuse me!

Jane's out in the

It's

exercise at the point of

At weekends,

I

like to

I

immerse myself with the peace

Bob's finding

8

it

hard to focus his mind

in his studies

moment.
Dentists fall on the category of high-stress
at

yoga.

per

important to both give and

really

must

try

my time better.

and

I'm always leaving things until the

and quiet of the countryside.
7

by

drinks do you

affection regularly.

exhaustion.

6

you'd have the time to

week?

to
5

if

my mind

try to

How many alcoholic

garden mulling through a problem

do with work.
There's no need to

wonder

a brief questionnaire.
I

with me.
4

I

the

10

Her grandmother

is

last

in excellent health

minute.

and regularly

the local sports club.

occupations.

9

One
is

10

of the greatest causes of stress at the workplace

the feeling of being undervalued.

Moving house

often has a negative effect for people's

mental health.
23


4

STRESS

Wordcheck -

6

6.2 Collocations

Stress and

Match up the word partners

relaxation

in

Columns A and B

the example.
6.

1

Odd word

out

Underline the word in each group that does not

fit

with the other three. Use a dictionary to help you

necessary.

1

The

fun

first

one

is

shown

enjoyable

as

light-hearted

B

m

A

nights

B

effects

time

C

pressure

4

stress

D

breakdown

5

minor

E

ulcers

1

blood

2

stomach

3

if

an example.

friendly

A

in

2

nap

rush

snooze

siesta

3

dizzy

worn out

tired

run-down

6

balanced

F

constraints

sleepless

G

trouble

H

ailments

4

tackle

wrestle with

fight

mull over

7

5

focus

unwind

relax

switch off

8

nervous

cause

reason

9

heart

I

meal

harmful

J

overload

6

source

7

tense

angry

upset

vulnerable

8

stuck

confined

boosted

cramped

24

result

10

as in


PROGRESS TEST ONE

One

Progress Test
Units 1-4

I

Structural cloze

Complete the following newspaper

numbered

article

by writing one word

in each of the

gaps.

Shining example or white elephant?
new

The

university

hospital

in

Trenton, (1)
the Health
Minister Victoria Culley has described
a 'shining example'

(2)

to hospitals

all

the

(3)

country, has been open

months.

six

now

for over

heard

(4)

than complimentary
comments about the organisation and
several

less

efficiency of the place,

myself. Before

for

there,

I

to have

I

decided to see

my local GP

routine blood tests for

anaemia.
In (6)

of arriving

found that there
were already long queues at the
early (7.15 a.m.!)

reception desks.

I

(7)

I

was waiting, I looked around and have
to admit that it is an impressive
building; large and light with marble

everywhere. Eventually

and
the

I

presented

my

receptionist,

very few people can have seen

my

turn came

how hard

(13)

it.

No

tried to

persuade her, she wouldn't give me an

for a blood test, so I
again and

started (14)
finally got the

off for the

the nice

card

blood

new

at 8.30!

tests

signs

I

then set

room, following

(15)

they suddenly stopped and

I

realised

was in a part of the hospital that
hasn't been finished yet! When I got to
the door I saw a notice saying 'Back in
10 minutes'. I sat down and waited for
30 minutes before a doctor appeared
and told me to come in without, of
I

course, (16)

me waiting. I

for

asked him

keeping

why I'd had to

wait and he explained he'd had to help

out

in

ward which was

another

as a (18)

(17)

of a flu epidemic

doctor's letters to

I

among

the doctors!

got out of the hospital at 9.45

a.m. and breathed a sigh of

(8)

I

appointment card

that

(5)

had arranged with

some

just in front of her (12)

relief.

I'm

informed me that I was in the X-ray
queue and I'd have to go to another

now waiting

queue and

couldn't

picture. Certainly the public should be

asked her if it
be possible to give
appointment card anyway

things have changed for the better.

believe
(9)

me

an

(10)

up

again.

(11)

it

start

again!

I

and

making me queue
She informed me it was no
arguing with her and

should have read the sign, an almost
invisible piece of card saying 'X-rays'
I

So,

Mrs

for the results.

Culley, a far

no

(19)

Perhaps you should

from rosy

illusions

visit

that

the hospital

an anonymous out-patient rather
than a government minister if you

really want to know what it's like,
as I suspect, you
(20)
as

,

don't actually care that much!

25