Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (156 trang)

IT training linux clustering building and maintaining linux clusters

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (933.46 KB, 156 trang )

/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV
&KDUOHV%RRNPDQ

3XEOLVKHU1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ
)LUVW(GLWLRQ-XQH

,6%1SDJHV

/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUVSURYLGHV/LQX[XVHUVZLWK
LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWEXLOGLQJWKHLURZQ/LQX[FOXVWHUIURPWKHJURXQGXS,WJLYHVEHVW
SUDFWLFHVKHOSIXOKLQWVDQGJXLGHOLQHVDERXWEXLOGLQJRQHVHUYHURUKXQGUHGVRIVHUYHUVDWD
OHYHOWKDWDGPLQLVWUDWRUVDWDQ\H[SHULHQFHOHYHOFDQXQGHUVWDQG

)URQW0DWWHU
7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV
$ERXWWKH$XWKRU

)URPLQVWDOODWLRQRIWKHDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJDQGSRZHULQWKHGDWDFHQWHUWRDOWHUQDWLYHILOH
V\VWHPVWRWKHILQDOSURGXFWLRQUXQWKLVERRNSURYLGHV\RXZLWKHYHU\WKLQJWKDW\RXQHHGWR
NQRZ/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUVZDONV\RXWKURXJKWKH
LQLWLDOGHVLJQDQGVHOHFWLRQRIWKHEHVWSRVVLEOHW\SHVRIFOXVWHUVDVZHOODVFRYHULQJ
PRQLWRULQJWRROVDQGSURYLGLQJIRUGLVDVWHUUHFRYHU\1RWRQO\GRHVWKLVERRNSURYLGH
LQIRUPDWLRQRQSDUDOOHODQG%HRZXOIW\SHFOXVWHUV&KDUOHV%RRNPDQJRHVLQWRGHSWKRQKLJK
DYDLODELOLW\FOXVWHUVORDGEDODQFLQJDQGSURYLGHVDGYLFHIRUZULWLQJ\RXURZQGLVWULEXWLQJ
DSSOLFDWLRQVDVZHOO,QFRUSRUDWLQJEHVWSUDFWLFHVDQGFXWWLQJHGJHDSSURDFKHV%RRNPDQ
SURYLGHVVWHSE\VWHSDQGWULHGDQGWUXHPHWKRGVRIEULQJLQJXSD/LQX[FOXVWHUWR
SURGXFWLRQOHYHO

/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV
&RS\ULJKW‹E\1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ


$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG1RSDUWRIWKLVERRNPD\EHUHSURGXFHGRU
WUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLFRU
PHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRUE\DQ\
LQIRUPDWLRQVWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ
SHUPLVVLRQIURPWKHSXEOLVKHUH[FHSWIRUWKHLQFOXVLRQRIEULHI
TXRWDWLRQVLQDUHYLHZ
/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV&DWDORJ&DUG1XPEHU


,QWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHSULQWLQJFRGH7KHULJKWPRVWGRXEOHGLJLW
QXPEHULVWKH\HDURIWKHERRN¶VSULQWLQJWKHULJKWPRVWVLQJOH
GLJLWQXPEHULVWKHQXPEHURIWKHERRN¶VSULQWLQJ)RUH[DPSOH
WKHSULQWLQJFRGHVKRZVWKDWWKHILUVWSULQWLQJRIWKHERRN
RFFXUUHGLQ
3ULQWHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD
7UDGHPDUNV

$OOWHUPVPHQWLRQHGLQWKLVERRNWKDWDUHNQRZQWREH
WUDGHPDUNVRUVHUYLFHPDUNVKDYHEHHQDSSURSULDWHO\FDSLWDOL]HG
1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJFDQQRWDWWHVWWRWKHDFFXUDF\RIWKLV
LQIRUPDWLRQ8VHRIDWHUPLQWKLVERRNVKRXOGQRWEHUHJDUGHGDV
DIIHFWLQJWKHYDOLGLW\RIDQ\WUDGHPDUNRUVHUYLFHPDUN
:DUQLQJDQG'LVFODLPHU

7KLVERRNLVGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW/LQX[(YHU\


HIIRUWKDVEHHQPDGHWRPDNHWKLVERRNDVFRPSOHWHDQGDV
DFFXUDWHDVSRVVLEOHEXWQRZDUUDQW\RIILWQHVVLVLPSOLHG


7KHLQIRUPDWLRQLVSURYLGHGRQDQDVLVEDVLV7KHDXWKRUVDQG
1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJVKDOOKDYHQHLWKHUOLDELOLW\QRU
UHVSRQVLELOLW\WRDQ\SHUVRQRUHQWLW\ZLWKUHVSHFWWRDQ\ORVVRU
GDPDJHVDULVLQJIURPWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDLQHGLQWKLVERRNRU
IURPWKHXVHRIWKHGLVFVRUSURJUDPVWKDWPD\DFFRPSDQ\LW
3XEOLVKHU

'DYLG'Z\HU

$VVRFLDWH3XEOLVKHU
6WHSKDQLH:DOO

3URGXFWLRQ0DQDJHU
*LQD.DQRXVH

0DQDJLQJ(GLWRU
.ULVW\.QRRS

$FTXLVLWLRQV(GLWRU

'HERUDK+LWWHO6KRDI
'HYHORSPHQW(GLWRU
1DQF\6L[VPLWK

3URGXFW0DUNHWLQJ0DQDJHU
.DWK\0DOPORII

3XEOLFLW\0DQDJHU
6XVDQ1L[RQ


6HQLRU(GLWRU
6KHUL&DLQ

&RS\(GLWRU

&ULV0DWWLVRQ
,QGH[HU

*LQQ\%HVV0XQURH

0DQXIDFWXULQJ&RRUGLQDWRU
-LP&RQZD\


%RRN'HVLJQHU

/RXLVD.OXF]QLN
&RYHU'HVLJQHU

%UDLQVWRUP'HVLJQ,QF
&RYHU3URGXFWLRQ
$UHQ+RZHOO

&RPSRVLWLRQ

-HII%UHGHQVWHLQHU

7KLVERRNLVGHGLFDWHGWR(WKDQ0D\KHJURZXSQRUPDOO\DQGZLWKRXWWRR
PDQ\LVVXHV
/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV

$ERXWWKH$XWKRU

$ERXWWKH7HFKQLFDO5HYLHZHUV
$FNQRZOHGJPHQWV

7HOO8V:KDW
,QWURGXFWLRQ
:KR6KRXOG5HDG7KLV%RRN
:KR7KLV%RRN,V1RW)RU
2YHUYLHZ
&RQYHQWLRQV

,$Q2YHUYLHZRI&OXVWHULQJIRU/LQX[3UHSDULQJ&OXVWHULQJ)XQGDPHQWDOV
&OXVWHULQJIRUWKH(QWHUSULVH
&OXVWHUV$UHQ¶W-XVWIRU+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH$Q\PRUH
603DQGWKH3ULPDU\3URFHVVRU3DUDGLJP
4XLFNDQG'LUW\&OXVWHULQJ
$OWHUQDWH)LOH6\VWHPV
1HWZRUNLQJIRU&OXVWHUV
6XPPDU\
3UHSDULQJ3ODQQLQJWKH7RSRORJ\
6HOHFWWKH5LJKW'LVWULEXWLRQ
3ODQQLQJWKH(QYLURQPHQW
$)HZ:RUGV$ERXW6HFXULW\
'HYHORSLQJD%DFNXS3ROLF\
6XPPDU\


,QVWDOOLQJDQG6WUHDPOLQLQJWKH&OXVWHU
6HWWLQJ8SWKH'+&36HUYHU
8QDWWHQGHG5HG+DW,QVWDOOZLWK.LFNVWDUW
6\VWHP,PDJHU
3RVW,QVWDOODWLRQ3URFHGXUHV
6XPPDU\
$OWHUQDWLYH)LOH6\VWHPV
([W8QGHUD0LFURVFRSH


/RRSEDFN)LOH6\VWHPV
7KH([W)LOH6\VWHP
5HLVHU)6
7KH/RJLFDO9ROXPH0DQDJHU
6XPPDU\

,,%XLOGLQJ&OXVWHUV

+LJK$YDLODELOLW\DQG)DXOW7ROHUDQW&OXVWHUV
+DYHQ¶W:H+HDUGRI7KLV6RPHZKHUH%HIRUH"
+HDUWEHDW&RQQHFWLYLW\
+RXVWRQ:H+DYHD3UREOHP
3XWWLQJ,W$OO7RJHWKHU
6XPPDU\
/RDG%DODQFLQJ
:KDW,V7KLV/RDG%DODQFLQJ7KLQJ$Q\ZD\"
%DODQFH
(GGLH0LVVLRQ
&RQILJXULQJWKH(QKDQFHG'166HUYHU
/LQX[9LUWXDO6HUYHU

6XPPDU\
'LVWULEXWHG&RPSXWLQJ
2QH)RU$OODQG$OO)RU2QH
'LVWULEXWHG)LOH6KDULQJ
'LVWULEXWHG'HQLDORI6HUYLFH
&RQGRU
0RVL[.HUQHO%DVHG'LVWULEXWHG&RPSXWLQJ
8VLQJ'LVNOHVV&OLHQWVZLWK0RVL[
6XPPDU\
3DUDOOHO&RPSXWLQJ
3DUDOOHO&RPSXWLQJLQD1XWVKHOO
&OXVWHU,QVWDOODWLRQ
6XPPDU\

,,,7KH&DUHDQG)HHGLQJRID&OXVWHU

3URJUDPPLQJD3DUDOOHO&OXVWHU
&RDUVH*UDQXODULW\LQD)LQHO\*UDQXODU:RUOG
3URJUDPPLQJLQD&OXVWHUHG(QYLURQPHQW
03,
6XPPDU\
&OXVWHU0DQDJHPHQW
/HDUQWR8VHWKH5LJKW7RROV
&RQILJXULQJV\VORJGIRU*HQHUDO3XUSRVH5HSRUWLQJZLWKPRQ
%LJ%URWKHU,V:DWFKLQJ
6XPPDU\

5HFRYHULQJ:KHQ'LVDVWHU6WULNHV
7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ7KURXJK/D\HUV

+HOSIXO7RROVWR'LDJQRVH:KHQ:RUVH&RPHVWR:RUVW
7KLV7RR6KDOO3DVV
6XPPDU\
,9$SSHQGL[HV

$&OXVWHU5HVRXUFHV
'HVLJQLQJD&OXVWHU
/LQX[)LOH6\VWHPV
0RQLWRUV
+LJK$YDLODELOLW\&OXVWHUV
3DUDOOHO&OXVWHUV
/RDG%DODQFHG&OXVWHUV
'LVWULEXWHG&OXVWHUV


%.LFNVWDUW2SWLRQV
DXWRVWHS 2SWLRQDO

$XWKHQWLFDWLRQ
ERRWORDGHU
FOHDUSDUW5HPRYLQJ3DUWLWLRQV%DVHGRQ3DUWLWLRQ7\SH
GHYLFH
GHYLFHSUREH
GULYHUGLVN
ILUHZDOO
LQVWDOO
,QVWDOODWLRQ0HWKRGV
FGURP
KDUGGULYH

XUO
LQWHUDFWLYH
NH\ERDUG
ODQJ
ODQJVXSSRUW
OLOR
OLORFKHFN 2SWLRQDO

PRXVH
QHWZRUN
SDUW
UDLG
UHERRW 2SWLRQDO

URRWSZ 5HTXLUHG

VNLS[ 2SWLRQDO

WH[W 2SWLRQDO

WLPH]RQH 5HTXLUHG

XSJUDGH 2SWLRQDO

[FRQILJ
]HURPEU3DUWLWLRQ7DEOH,QLWLDOL]DWLRQ
SDFNDJHV3DFNDJH6HOHFWLRQ
SUH3UH,QVWDOODWLRQ&RQILJXUDWLRQ6HFWLRQ
SRVW3RVW,QVWDOODWLRQ&RQILJXUDWLRQ6HFWLRQ
&'+&32SWLRQV


'&RQGRU&ODVV$G0DFKLQH$WWULEXWHV

$ERXWWKH$XWKRU

&KDUOHV%RRNPDQIHOOLQORYHZLWKWKHSHUVRQDOFRPSXWHUZKHQKHZDV+HZRXOGVWD\DIWHUVFKRROWR
WHDFKKLPVHOISURJUDPPLQJRQWKH&RPPRGRUH3HW+LVH[SHULHQFHVZLWK/LQX[VWDUWHGGXULQJWKH
GD\VZKHQKHWRRNWKHZRUNFRPSXWHUDWKLVFRXQVHOLQJMREDQGFRQYHUWHGLWLQWRVRPHWKLQJWKDWQRERG\
WKHUHKDGHYHUVHHQ$IWHUWKH\ILUHGKLPKHNQHZWKDWKHZDVRQWRVRPHWKLQJDQGKDVEHHQD/LQX[
HYDQJHOLVWHYHUVLQFH

&KDUOHV¶KREELHVLQFOXGHEHLQJXSWRQRJRRGXVLQJVDUFDVPOLVWHQLQJWRPXVLFEHLQJVQREELVKDERXWDUW
SOD\LQJEDVVDQGJXLWDUDQGSDLQWLQJDQGGUDZLQJZKHQKHILQGVWKHWLPH+H¶OONLFN\RXUEXWWDWWDEOH
WHQQLVDQGLVOHDUQLQJDJUHDWJDPHRISRRODVZHOO
&KDUOHVFXUUHQWO\ZRUNVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH3DFLILFDVD81,;V\VWHPVDGPLQLVWUDWRUPDLQWDLQLQJLWV


KLJKSHUIRUPDQFHFOXVWHU+HUXQVDGHVLJQFRPSDQ\DQGFRQVXOWVLQKLVVSDUHWLPH

$ERXWWKH7HFKQLFDO5HYLHZHUV

7KHVHUHYLHZHUVFRQWULEXWHGWKHLUFRQVLGHUDEOHKDQGVRQH[SHUWLVHWRWKHHQWLUHGHYHORSPHQWSURFHVVIRU
/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV$VWKHERRNZDVEHLQJZULWWHQWKHVHGHGLFDWHG
SURIHVVLRQDOVUHYLHZHGDOOWKHPDWHULDOIRUWHFKQLFDOFRQWHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQDQGIORZ7KHLUIHHGEDFNZDV
FULWLFDOWRHQVXULQJWKDWWKLVERRNILWVRXUUHDGHUV¶QHHGIRUWKHKLJKHVWTXDOLW\WHFKQLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQ

-RH³=RQNHU´%URFNPHLHUKDVEHHQXVLQJ/LQX[VLQFHDQGZULWLQJDERXWLWIRUQHDUO\DVORQJ$
UHIXJHHIURPWKHZRUOGRIGRWFRPV=RQNHUUHJXODUO\ZULWHVIRU/LQX[0DJD]LQH8QL[5HYLHZFRPDQG
RWKHURQOLQHDQGSULQWSXEOLFDWLRQVZZZGLVVRFLDWHGSUHVVQHW


-RKQ0DUTXDUWKDVVHYHQ\HDUVRIFRPSXWHULQGXVWU\H[SHULHQFH+LVIRFXVKDVEHHQ81,;V\VWHP
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQZLWKDQHPSKDVLVRQ/LQX[-RKQZRUNHGIRU,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\PDQDJLQJWKH'LJLWDO
/LEUDU\3URJUDP¶VVHUYHULQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGGLJLWDODVVHWV+HQRZZRUNVIRU3ODQDO\WLFVZKHUHKHLV
UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQLQWHJUDWLRQDQGDXWRPDWLRQRIWKHFRPSDQ\¶V81,;SODWIRUPV-RKQ
UHFHLYHGDGHJUHHIURP,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\LQ&RJQLWLYH6FLHQFHZLWKDIRFXVRQ$,V\VWHPV

$FNQRZOHGJPHQWV

.LGVGRQ¶WWU\WKLVDWKRPH:ULWLQJDERRNWDNHVSHUVRQDOVDFULILFHLQFOXGLQJPDQ\KRXUVVWDULQJDW\RXU
PRQLWRUZKLOHMXVWNQRZLQJWKDWQRERG\ZLOODFWXDOO\UHDGWKLVH[FHSW\RXUUHODWLYHV$QGHYHQWKHQLW
EHFRPHVREYLRXVWKDWWKH\¶OOQRGWKHLUKHDGVZLWKDYDFXRXVORRNRQWKHLUIDFHVDQGVD\³&OXVWHULQJZKDW"
'RHVWKDWLQFOXGH1RXJDWLQVRPHIDVKLRQ"´
:LWKWKDWRIIP\FKHVWPDQ\SHRSOHVWRRGEHVLGHPHDQGKHOSHGPHDJUHDWGHDOZKLOH,ZURWHWKLVERRN

,PXVWWKDQN%UDG6WRQHIRUWULFNLQJPHLQWRFDOOLQJP\EOXIIDERXWZULWLQJDERRN,DOVRZDQWWRWKDQN(G
:LQWHUVRQHRIWKRVHJX\VZKRJLYHVHQGOHVVO\%HQ&RWWUHOOIRULQWURGXFLQJPHWRWKHMR\VRI81,;DQG
'DYH3UDGRIRUEHOLHYLQJLQPHHQRXJKWRJLYHPHP\ILUVWFKDQFH,¶GDOVROLNHWRWKDQN-RHO%DNHURI
0QHPRV\QH&RQVXOWLQJIRUKLVLQYDOXDEOHDGYLFHUHJDUGLQJKLJKDYDLODELOLW\FOXVWHULQJ

7RP\ZLIH&KULVVIRUEHLQJWKHUHIRUPHWKURXJKWKLFNDQGWKLQDQGIRUEHLQJP\EHVWIULHQGIRU\HDUV
)LQDOO\,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNP\IULHQGVZKRKDYHVWRRGE\PHDQGNQHZ,FRXOGGRWKLVHYHQZKHQ,
GLGQ¶W

7HOO8V:KDW

$VWKHUHDGHURIWKLVERRN\RXDUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWFULWLFDQGFRPPHQWDWRU:HYDOXH\RXURSLQLRQDQG
ZDQWWRNQRZZKDWZH¶UHGRLQJULJKWZKDWZHFRXOGGREHWWHUZKDWDUHDV\RX¶GOLNHWRVHHXVSXEOLVKLQ
DQGDQ\RWKHUZRUGVRIZLVGRP\RX¶UHZLOOLQJWRSDVVRXUZD\


$VWKH$VVRFLDWH3XEOLVKHUIRU1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ,ZHOFRPH\RXUFRPPHQWVZULWHPHGLUHFWO\WROHWPHNQRZZKDW\RXGLGRUGLGQ¶WOLNHDERXWWKLVERRN²DVZHOODVZKDWZHFDQGRWR
PDNHRXUERRNVVWURQJHU
3OHDVHQRWHWKDW,FDQQRWKHOS\RXZLWKWHFKQLFDOSUREOHPVUHODWHGWRWKHWRSLFRIWKLVERRNDQGWKDWGXHWR
WKHKLJKYROXPHRIPDLO,UHFHLYH,PLJKWQRWEHDEOHWRUHSO\WRHYHU\PHVVDJH:KHQ\RXZULWHSOHDVHEH
VXUHWRLQFOXGHWKLVERRN¶VWLWOHDQGDXWKRUDVZHOODV\RXUQDPHDQGSKRQHRUID[QXPEHU,ZLOOFDUHIXOO\
UHYLHZ\RXUFRPPHQWVDQGVKDUHWKHPZLWKWKHDXWKRUDQGHGLWRUVZKRZRUNHGRQWKHERRN
)D[
(PDLO
0DLO


VWHSKDQLHZDOO#QHZULGHUVFRP
6WHSKDQLH:DOO
$VVRFLDWH3XEOLVKHU
1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ
:HVWUG6WUHHW
,QGLDQDSROLV,186$

,QWURGXFWLRQ

/LQX[KDVEHHQLQFUHDVLQJLQSRSXODULW\HYHUVLQFHLWVLQFHSWLRQ:LWKWKHH[SORVLYHJURZWKRIWKHRSHQ
VRXUFHPRYHPHQWDQGWKHYLDELOLW\RIZKDWLWFDQGRZLWKDQDOWHUQDWLYHRSHUDWLQJV\VWHP/LQX[KDVJURZQ
LQWRDPDWXUHVWDEOHHQYLURQPHQWLQZKLFKWRKRVWPLVVLRQFULWLFDODSSOLFDWLRQVDQGUHVHDUFK
,W¶VWKLVYHU\QDWXUHRI/LQX[DQGLWVRSHQVRXUFHFRGHWKDWPDNHVLWDWWUDFWLYHIRUKREE\LVWVHGXFDWRUVDQG
UHVHDUFKHQYLURQPHQWV7KRXVDQGVRISURJUDPVDUHDYDLODEOHWRHQKDQFHWKHXVHUH[SHULHQFHDQGDOORZWKH
VHULRXVDGPLQLVWUDWRUWRHQKDQFHRUFUHDWHKLVHQYLURQPHQWZLWK/LQX[,W¶VWKLVIOH[LELOLW\DQGPDWXULW\RI
WKHRSHUDWLQJV\VWHPWKDWDOORZVSHRSOHWRHDVLO\FOXVWHUWKHLU/LQX[PDFKLQHV


+DYLQJWZRRUPRUHPDFKLQHVDFWLQFRQFHUWZLWKRQHDQRWKHULVQ¶WURFNHWVFLHQFHLQIDFWDQ\RQHZLWKDQ\
PRWLYDWLRQDQGDVNLOOIRUUHDGLQJDERRNFDQPDNHFRPSXWHUVGRZRQGURXVWKLQJV)URPORDGEDODQFLQJWR
GHYHORSLQJDWKRXVDQGQRGHSDUDOOHOFRPSXWHU/LQX[LVPRUHWKDQDEOHWRKDQGOHWKHWDVN

7KLVERRNWDNHV\RXWKURXJKWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIVHYHUDOW\SHVRIFOXVWHULQJE\XVLQJ/LQX[DQGH[SODLQV
VWHSE\VWHSKRZWRJHWWKHUH:H¶OOFRYHUKDQG\WLSVRQWKHZD\DVZHOODVH[SODLQZK\WKLQJVZRUNWKH
ZD\WKH\GR,QQRWLPH\RX¶OOEHDEOHWRFUHDWHKLJKDYDLODELOLW\DQG%HRZXOIW\SHFOXVWHUVZLWKWKHEHVWRI
WKHP

:KR6KRXOG5HDG7KLV%RRN

7KLVERRNLVIRU/LQX[HQWKXVLDVWVDQGXVHUVZKRZDQWWRJHWD/LQX[FOXVWHUXSDQGUXQQLQJZLWKWKHOHDVW
DPRXQWRIIXVV$GPLQLVWUDWRUVZLOOILQGWKLVERRNSDUWLFXODUO\KHOSIXOLQOHDUQLQJWKHZK\¶VDQGKRZ¶VRI
JHWWLQJ/LQX[WRGRDPD]LQJWKLQJVZLWKPRUHWKDQRQHFRPSXWHUDW\RXUGLVSRVDO

7KLVERRNZLOOKHOSLI\RXQHHGWRLQWURGXFHDODUJHSDUDOOHORUGLVWULEXWHGFRPSXWLQJFOXVWHUWR\RXU
HQYLURQPHQWDQGWKHZD\VWKDWRQHFDQVROYHODUJHFRPSXWDWLRQDOSUREOHPVXVLQJ/LQX[0HWKRGVWRLQVWDOO
PDLQWDLQDQGEDFNXSODUJHFOXVWHUIDUPVDUHGLVFXVVHG:H¶OODOVRFRYHUWKHVRIWZDUHDQGKDUGZDUHQHHGHG
WRFUHDWHVXFKDVROXWLRQ
,I\RX¶UHORRNLQJIRUDQHQWHUSULVHOHYHOORDGEDODQFLQJRUKLJKDYDLODELOLW\VROXWLRQWR\RXUHQYLURQPHQW
&KDSWHUVDQGFRYHULQVWDOODWLRQDQGFRQILJXUDWLRQRI/LQX[VROXWLRQVWRWKHVHLVVXHV1RWRQO\GRHVWKLV
ERRNFRYHUWKHEDVLFVEHKLQGWKHVHEXWLWDOVRWHOOVWKHEHVWSUDFWLFHVDQGPHWKRGVWRJHWDVROXWLRQXSLQWKH


TXLFNHVWDPRXQWRIWLPH6RIWZDUHLQVWDOODWLRQDQGFRQILJXUDWLRQH[DPSOHVDUHJLYHQWREULQJUHDGHUVXSWR
VSHHG

:KR7KLV%RRN,V1RW)RU

7KLVERRNDVVXPHVWKDWWKHUHDGHULVFRPIRUWDEOHZLWK/LQX[,WGRHVQRWOHDGWKHXVHUWKRXJKEDVLFWDVNV

VXFKDVLQVWDOODWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWLQJV\VWHPDGGLQJXVHUVRUZLQGRZPDQDJHUFRQILJXUDWLRQ0RUH
NQRZOHGJHPLJKWQHHGWREHJDUQHUHGWREULQJWKHXVHUXSWRVSHHG

7KLVERRNLVDOVRQRWIRUVHDVRQHGSURIHVVLRQDOVZKRKDYHDGHHSXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFOXVWHULQJ7KLVERRN
GRHVQRWFRYHUSHUIRUPDQFHWXQLQJRUGHHSFOXVWHUWKHRU\7KLVERRNLVVSHFLILFDOO\GHVLJQHGIRUWKRVHZKR
QHHGDFOXVWHUXSQRZ7KLVERRNLVQRWGHVLJQHGIRUWKRVHZKRDOUHDG\KDYHDFOXVWHUSODQQHGRUUXQQLQJLQ
WKHLUHQYLURQPHQW

2YHUYLHZ

7KLVERRNLVGLYLGHGLQWRIRXUSDUWVWKDWGHVFULEHWKHSODQQLQJDQGFRQILJXUDWLRQRI/LQX[FOXVWHUV3DUW,LV
GHVLJQHGDVDQLQWURGXFWLRQWRSODQQLQJDQGFRQILJXULQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWWKDWLVQHHGHGWREULQJDFOXVWHUXS
WRVSHHGLQWKHVKRUWHVWSRVVLEOHWLPH3DUW,,LVGHYRWHGWRWKHLQVWDOODWLRQDQGVXSSRUWRIWKHYDULRXVW\SHVRI
/LQX[FOXVWHUV3DUW,,,LQWURGXFHVSURJUDPPLQJOLEUDULHVDQGZKDWWRGRZKHQDFOXVWHUIDLOV

3DUW,LVVHSDUDWHGLQWRIRXUFKDSWHUV&KDSWHU³&OXVWHULQJ)XQGDPHQWDOV´EULHIO\LQWURGXFHV/LQX[
FOXVWHULQJLQJHQHUDODQGZK\LWPLJKWEHDSSOLFDEOHWR\RXRU\RXUHQYLURQPHQW&KDSWHU³3UHSDULQJ
\RXU/LQX[&OXVWHU´GLVFXVVHVKRZEHVWWRVHOHFWWKHSDUWVWKDWDUHQHHGHGWRLQVWDOO\RXUFOXVWHUDQGWKH
HQYLURQPHQWLQZKLFKLW¶VKRXVHG&KDSWHU³,QVWDOOLQJDQG6WUHDPOLQLQJWKH&OXVWHU´GLVFXVVHVEHVW
SUDFWLFHPHWKRGVRQKRZWRLQVWDOOODUJHQXPEHUVRIPDFKLQHVLQWKHVKRUWHVWDQGHDVLHVWDPRXQWRIWLPH
&KDSWHU³$OWHUQDWLYH)LOH6\VWHPV´GLVFXVVHVWKHOLPLWDWLRQVRIWKHFXUUHQWVWDQGDUGILOHV\VWHPH[WDQG
GLVFXVVHVRWKHUPHWKRGVWRLPSURYHRQLWDQGILOHV\VWHPWULFNV
3DUW,,LQFOXGHVIRXUFKDSWHUVWKDWGHDOZLWKWKHFOXVWHULQJWHFKQRORJLHVWKHPVHOYHV&KDSWHU³+LJK
$YDLODELOLW\DQG)DXOW7ROHUDQW&OXVWHUV´LQWURGXFHVKLJKDYDLODELOLW\V\VWHPVKRZWKH\ZRUNDQGKRZ
EHVWWRLPSOHPHQWWKHKDUGZDUHDQGVRIWZDUH&KDSWHU³/RDG%DODQFLQJ´WDONVDERXWWKHEHVWZD\VWKDW
/LQX[FDQGLUHFWWUDIILFWRPXOWLSOHPDFKLQHV&KDSWHU³'LVWULEXWHG&RPSXWLQJ´LQWURGXFHVWKH
GLVWULEXWHGPRGHODVDPHDQVWRVROYHODUJHFRPSXWDWLRQDOSUREOHPV&KDSWHU³3DUDOOHO&RPSXWLQJ´DOVR
H[SDQGVRQWKLVPRGHOLQDVOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWDSSURDFK7KLVFKDSWHULVVNHZHGWRSDUDOOHODQGFRPPRGLW\
FRPSXWHUV


3DUW,,,GHDOVZLWKWKHFDUHDQGIHHGLQJRIDFOXVWHU&KDSWHU³3URJUDPPLQJD3DUDOOHO&OXVWHU´UHIHUHQFHV
SURJUDPPLQJOLEUDULHVDQGSURJUDPVWKDWLOOXVWUDWHWKHVHOLEUDULHV&KDSWHU³&OXVWHU0DQDJHPHQW´
GLVFXVVHVEHVWSUDFWLFHVWRNHHS\RXUFOXVWHULQFKHFNDQGPRQLWRUHGIRUSUREOHPV7KHILQDOFKDSWHU
&KDSWHU³5HFRYHULQJ:KHQ'LVDVWHU6WULNHV´GHDOVSULPDULO\ZLWKGLVDVWHUUHFRYHU\

3DUW,9FRQWDLQVUHIHUHQFHPDWHULDOIRUWKHFOXVWHUGHVLJQHU$SSHQGL[$LQFOXGHVFOXVWHUUHVRXUFHVRQWKH
ZHEDQGZKHUHWRILQGPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ$SSHQGL[%LVDUHIHUHQFHIRU.LFNVWDUWRSWLRQVIRU5HG+DW/LQX[
8VLQJWKHVHRSWLRQVRQHFDQSRSXODWHDFOXVWHULQQRWLPHZLWKDQXQDWWHQGHGLQVWDOO$SSHQGL[&GHWDLOV
'+&3RSWLRQVLQJUHDWHUGHSWKIRUWKHFOXVWHUVRWKDWRQHFDQPDLQWDLQODUJHFOXVWHUVLQDFHQWUDOORFDWLRQ
ZLWKHDVH)LQDOO\$SSHQGL['GHWDLOVFODVVDWWULEXWHVIRU&RQGRUZKLFKLVDGLVWULEXWHGHQYLURQPHQW
FOXVWHU
,I\RX¶UHIDPLOLDUZLWKFOXVWHUVLQJHQHUDOLWPLJKWEHKRRYH\RXWRSHUXVH3DUW,DQGPRYHULJKWRQWR3DUW,,
ZKHUHWKHFOXVWHU\RX¶UHLQWHUHVWHGLQLVGLVFXVVHGLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWGLVFXVVHVNHHSLQJ\RXUDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGVHUYHUVXS

&RQYHQWLRQV

7KLVERRNIROORZVDIHZW\SRJUDSKLFDOFRQYHQWLRQV


z
z

,WDOLFVLQGLFDWHQHZWHUPVWKHILUVWWLPHWKH\¶UHLQWURGXFHGDQGDUHXVHGIRUHPSKDVLV

$VSHFLDOPRQRVSDFHIRQWLQGLFDWHVFRGHDILOHQDPHRUSDWKQDPHRUDQ,QWHUQHWDGGUHVV

3DUW,$Q2YHUYLHZRI&OXVWHULQJIRU/LQX[3UHSDULQJ1HWZRUNDQG/LQX[6HUYHUV
3DUW,$Q2YHUYLHZRI&OXVWHULQJIRU/LQX[3UHSDULQJ

&OXVWHULQJ)XQGDPHQWDOV

3UHSDULQJ
,QVWDOOLQJDQG6WUHDPOLQLQJWKH&OXVWHU
$OWHUQDWLYH)LOH6\VWHPV

&KDSWHU&OXVWHULQJ)XQGDPHQWDOV

$VNDQ\RQHRQWKHVWUHHWDQGWKH\
OOWHQGWRDJUHHZLWK\RX%LJJHULVEHWWHU*HWPRUHEDQJIRUWKHEXFN+H
ZKRGLHVZLWKWKHPRVWWR\VZLQV,WVWDQGVWRUHDVRQWKDWLQPRVWFDVHVPRUHLVEHWWHUWKDQRQO\RQH,IRQH
LVJRRGWZRPXVWEHJUHDW
,WFRPHVDVQRVXUSULVHWKHQWKDWFRPSXWLQJKDVIROORZHGWKLVWUHQGIURPLWVLQIDQF\:K\HYHQWKH(1,$&
ZLGHO\UHJDUGHGDVWKHZRUOG¶VILUVWFRPSXWHUGLGQ¶WKDYHMXVWDIHZSDUWV,WKDGYDFXXPWXEHV
UHOD\VDQGKXQGUHGVRIWKRXVDQGVRIUHVLVWRUVFDSDFLWRUVDQGLQGXFWRUV
KWWSIWSDUODUP\PLOaPSKLVWHQLDFVWRU\KWPO
:K\GLGWKHIRXQGHUVXVHVRPDQ\SDUWV",I\RXKDGD
GHYLFHWKDWFRXOGDGGWZRQXPEHUVWRJHWKHUWKDWZRXOGEHRQHWKLQJ%XWJLYHQWKHEXGJHWZK\QRWDGG
WKUHHRUHYHQIRXUWRJHWKHU"0RUHPXVWEHEHWWHU
$VWLPHZHQWRQDQGFRPSXWLQJVWDUWHGWRPDWXUHWKH³PRUHLVEHWWHU´DSSURDFKVHHPHGWRIXQFWLRQTXLWH
ZHOO:KHUHRQHSURFHVVRUZRUNHGZHOOWZRSURFHVVRUVFRXOGDWOHDVWGRXEOHWKHSURFHVVLQJSRZHU:KHQ
FRPSXWHUPDQXIDFWXUHUVVWDUWHGPDNLQJODUJHUDQGPRUHHIILFLHQWVHUYHUVFRPSDQLHVFRXOGXVHWKHLQFUHDVHG
KRUVHSRZHUWRSURFHVVPRUHGDWD,WEHFDPHHYLGHQWHDUO\RQWKDWPRUHSURFHVVRUVHTXDOHGPRUHFRPSXWLQJ
SRZHU(YHQZLWKWKHDGYHQWRI,QWHO¶VSURFHVVRUPDJD]LQHVUHSRUWHGWKDWDVLQJOHFRPSXWHUFRXOG
KDQGOHWKHZRUNORDGRIHPSOR\HHV
7KHGHVFHQGDQWVRI(1,$&ZHUHPRQVWHUFRPSXWHUVLQWKHLURZQULJKWDOWKRXJKDVZHNQRZZLWKWKH
DGYHQWRIWKHWUDQVLVWRUWKHSDUWVLQVLGHJRWVPDOOHUDQGVPDOOHU0RUHSDUWVZHUHDGGHGWRPDFKLQHVWKHVL]H
RIUHIULJHUDWRUVWRPDNHWKHPIDVWHU\HWWKHVHVXSHUFRPSXWHUVZHUHRXWRIWKHILQDQFLDOUHDFKRIPRVW
FRUSRUDWLRQV,WGLGQ¶WWDNHORQJWRUHDOL]H RND\LWKDSSHQHGLQWKHV

WKDWVXSHUFRPSXWHUOLNH
SHUIRUPDQFHDOVRFRXOGEHDFKLHYHGWKURXJKDQXPEHURIORZFRVWSHUVRQDOFRPSXWHUV0RUHFRPSXWHUV
ZHUHEHWWHULQGHHG²RUVLPSO\FRVWPXFKOHVV


&OXVWHULQJIRUWKH(QWHUSULVH

7RGD\¶VFRPSXWLQJHQYLURQPHQWVUHTXLUHWKHQHHGVRIPDQ\FRPSXWHUVWRVROYHWKHWDVNVWKDWRQO\RQH
ZRXOGQ¶WEHDEOHWRKDQGOH7RGD\¶VODUJHVFDOHFRPSXWLQJHQYLURQPHQWVLQYROYHWKHXVHRIODUJHVHUYHU
IDUPVZLWKHDFKQRGHFRQQHFWHGWRHDFKRWKHULQDFOXVWHUHGHQYLURQPHQW7KH$6&,3URMHFW $FFHOHUDWHG
6WUDWHJLF&RPSXWLQJ,QLWLDWLYH
IRULQVWDQFHFRQVLVWVRIVHYHUDOGLIIHUHQWFOXVWHUHGHQYLURQPHQWVLQDELGWR
SURYLGH³WHUDVFDOH´FRPSXWLQJ$6&,:KLWHFDSDEOHRIWULOOLRQFDOFXODWLRQVSHUVHFRQGUXQVRQ,%0¶V
56KDUGZDUHDQGLVEHFRPLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\W\SLFDORIVROXWLRQVWRODUJHVFDOHFRPSXWLQJSUREOHPV7KH
$6&,SODQWDW6DQGLD1DWLRQDO/DERUDWRULHVLVFRPSULVHGRI/LQX[PDFKLQHVWKDWUXQRQ,QWHOKDUGZDUHDQG
DUHSDUWRIWKHJURZLQJWUHQGWRHPXODWHVXSHUFRPSXWHUSHUIRUPDQFH
&OXVWHUHGFRPSXWLQJDWLWVPRVWEDVLFOHYHOLQYROYHVWZRRUPRUHFRPSXWHUVVHUYLQJDVLQJOHUHVRXUFH
$SSOLFDWLRQVKDYHEHFRPHFOXVWHUHGDVDZD\RIKDQGOLQJLQFUHDVHGGDWDORDG7KHSUDFWLFHRIVSUHDGLQJ
DWWULEXWHVIURPDVLQJOHDSSOLFDWLRQRQWRPDQ\FRPSXWHUVQRWRQO\LPSURYHVSHUIRUPDQFHEXWDOVRFUHDWHV
UHGXQGDQF\LQFDVHRIIDLOXUH$SULPHH[DPSOHRIDEDVLFFOXVWHULVWKH'RPDLQ1DPH6HUYLFH '16
ZLWK
LWVEXLOWLQSULPDU\VHFRQGDU\DQGFDFKHVHUYHUV2WKHUSURWRFROVKDYHDOVREXLOWLQFOXVWHUHGUHGXQGDQF\
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVVXFKDV1,6DQG6073
+RZ&OXVWHULQJ&DQ+HOS

$OWKRXJKFOXVWHULQJPLJKWQRWEHDSDQDFHDIRUWRGD\¶VLOOVLWPLJKWKHOSWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQWKDWLVWU\LQJWR
PD[LPL]HVRPHRILWVH[LVWLQJUHVRXUFHV$OWKRXJKQRWHYHU\SURJUDPFDQEHQHILWIURPFOXVWHULQJ
RUJDQL]DWLRQVWKDWVHUYHDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVZHEVHUYHUVGDWDEDVHVDQGIWSVHUYHUVFRXOGEHQHILWIURPWKH
WHFKQRORJ\DVORDGVRQWKHV\VWHPVLQFUHDVHG&OXVWHUVFDQHDVLO\EHGHVLJQHGZLWKVFDODELOLW\LQPLQGPRUH
V\VWHPVFDQEHDGGHGDVWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVLQFUHDVHZKLFKVSUHDGVWKHORDGDFURVVPXOWLSOHVXEV\VWHPVRU

PDFKLQHV
(QWLWLHVWKDWUHTXLUHDJUHDWGHDORIGDWDFUXQFKLQJFDQEHQHILWIURPKLJKSHUIRUPDQFHFRPSXWLQJZKLFK
JUHDWO\UHGXFHVWKHDPRXQWRIWLPHQHHGHGWRFUXQFKQXPEHUV2UJDQL]DWLRQVVXFKDVWKH1DWLRQDO2FHDQLF
DQG$WPRVSKHULF$GPLQLVWUDWLRQDUHDEOHWRXVHFOXVWHUVWRIRUHFDVWWUHQGVLQSRWHQWLDOO\GHDGO\ZHDWKHU
FRQGLWLRQV7KHVWDIIDW/DZUHQFH/LYHUPRUH/DEXVHFOXVWHUHGFRPSXWHUVWRVLPXODWHDQHQWLUHQXFOHDU
H[SORVLRQZLWKRXWKDUPWRDQ\RQH H[FHSWWKHEDFNXSRSHUDWRUVZKRKDYHWRPDLQWDLQDOOWKDWGDWD


&RPSDQLHVVHUYLQJDJUHDWGHDORIEDQGZLGWKFDQEHQHILWIURPORDGEDODQFHGFOXVWHUV7KLVW\SHRIFOXVWHU
WDNHVLQIRUPDWLRQIURPDFHQWUDOL]HGVHUYHUDQGVSUHDGVLWDFURVVPXOWLSOHFRPSXWHUV$OWKRXJKWKLVPLJKW
VHHPWULYLDODWILUVWORDGEDODQFLQJFDQWDNHSODFHLQDORFDOVHUYHUURRPRUDFURVVZLGHDUHDQHWZRUNV
:$1V
VSDQQLQJWKHJOREH/DUJHUZHESRUWDOVXVHORDGEDODQFLQJWRVHUYHGDWDIURPPXOWLSOHDFFHVVSRLQWV
ZRUOGZLGHWRVHUYHORFDOFXVWRPHUV1RWRQO\GRHVWKLVFXWGRZQRQEDQGZLGWKFRVWVEXWYLVLWRUVDUHVHUYHG
WKDWPXFKPRUHTXLFNO\
7KHVHORDGEDODQFHGVHUYHUVDOVRZLOOEHQHILWIURPWKH+LJK$YDLODELOLW\ +$
PRGHO7KLVPRGHOFDQ
LQFOXGHUHGXQGDQF\DWDOOOHYHOV6HUYHUVLQD+$FOXVWHUEHQHILWIURPKDYLQJWZRSRZHUVXSSOLHVWZR
QHWZRUNFDUGVWZR5$,'FRQWUROOHUVDQGVRRQ,W¶VXQOLNHO\WKDWDOOWKHGXSOLFDWHGHYLFHVRID+$FOXVWHU
ZLOOIDLODWRQFHEDUULQJVRPHPDMRUFDWDVWURSKH:LWKWKHDGGLWLRQRIDQH[WUDFRPSRQHQWWRWKHSULPDU\
VXEV\VWHPRUWKHDGGLWLRQRIDQH[WUDVHUYHUDQH[WUDFRPSRQHQWFDQEHSXWLQSODFHWRKHOSLQFDVHRI
IDLORYHU7KLVLVNQRZQDV1UHGXQGDQF\DQGLVIRXQGLQFOXVWHUV5$,'FRQILJXUDWLRQVSRZHUDUUD\VRU
ZKHUHYHUDQRWKHUFRPSRQHQWFDQWDNHRYHULQFDVHRIIDLOXUH
8VLQJ/LQX[IRU&OXVWHULQJ

:LWKDOOWKHSRVVLEOHSODWIRUPVIURPZKLFK\RXFRXOGFKRRVHRQHPLJKWZRQGHUZK\\RXZRXOGFKRRVH
/LQX[DVDQRSHUDWLQJV\VWHP 26

×