Bài Thuyết trình tiếng anh

Emotions
I. What exactly are emotions?
There are numerous definitions of emotions were listed and more could be
found but emotions are best defined as reactions consisting of subjective cognitive
states, physiological reactions and expressive behavior. Cognitive states is about
the personal experience we label as emotions as well as how you feel, think and
understand about a thing from person to person. Physiological reactions are
changes in our bodies such as heartbeats increase, difference in breathing rate and
expressive behavior is the behavior that occurs based on your emotions.
II. Different types of emotions
There are many different types of emotions that have an influence on how we
live and interact with others. At times, it may seem like we are ruled by these
emotions. Emotions are responsible for our best moments and our worst moments.
They are what makes love so good and heartbreak so bad. The choices we make,
the actions we take, and the perceptions we have are all influenced by the emotions
we are experiencing at any given moment.
During the 1970s, psychologist Paul Eckman identified six basic emotions
that he suggested were universally experienced in all human cultures. The emotions
he identified were Happiness, Sadness, Disgust, Fear, Surprise, and Anger.
However, in this presentation, we are going to talk only about four types of
emotions which are Happiness, Sadness, Fear and Anger.
Let's take a closer look at these types of emotions and explore the impact
they have on human behavior.


1. Happiness
Of all the different types of emotions, happiness tends to be the one that
people strive for the most. Happiness is often defined as a pleasant emotional state
that is characterized by feelings of contentment, joy, gratification, satisfaction, and
well-being.
This type of emotion is sometimes expressed through:

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Facial expressions such as smiling
Body language such as a relaxed stance
An upbeat, pleasant tone of voice
Crying

“Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of
human existence”. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said these words more
than 2,000 years ago, and they still true today. It’s odd to talk about happiness in
terms of benefits, isn’t it? After all, the benefit of happiness is obvious: it’s
happiness itself — the experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being,
combined with a sense that one’s life is good, meaningful, and worthwhile. Still, it
turns out that happiness offers even more than the primary benefit of being happy
itself. Happiness improves many other aspects of life:
• Happiness promotes a healthy lifestyle
• Happiness boosts productivity
• Happiness is good for our health; happy people are less likely to get
sick, and their life expectancy is increased
• Happiness is good for our relationships
• Happiness is perhaps the best antidote for stress and anxiety
Human beings are wired to seek pleasure and avoid pain; we look to not only
survive in life, but to experience a sense of joy. No one feels happy 100% of the
time – that’s impossible. But by making progress in life, you have the power to


reframe your mindset and create a cycle of happiness. These are some ways to keep

maintain your happiness.
First, Love yourself more every single day and taking care of yourself.
Sometimes you need to be a little selfish. Everyone needs to dedicate time to
themselves. Solitude doesn’t only increase productivity and focus, but it helps you
reflect on what’s happening in your life. Self-discovery is a resource you need to
tap into every day. And if you aren’t willing to love yourself, then you won’t be
capable of discovering yourself. Enjoy who you are, and devote the same amount
of love you give to others to yourself. Happiness is only achieved by being sure of
yourself, and recognizing when things are starting to go sour. Once the warning
signs are addressed, you will alleviate your stress.
In addition, you should exercise regularly, maintain good hygiene and
personal health, find a hobby you like and keep a list of goals. Doing so will help
keep your mood elevated. Furthermore, seek help if you need it. Persistent
unhappiness may be rooted in serious mental illnesses such as major depressive
disorder or social anxiety disorder. A history of abuse can also contribute to
unhappiness or depression. There is no shame at all in seeking professional help if
you need it.
Secondly, Accentuating the Positive
• Build your self-worth
To stay positive and maintain your happiness no matter what, it is important
to recognize your value and learn to appreciate yourself. Having self-worth means
that you do not base your value on what other people think of you, the job or title
you have, or any other external factor. If you have self-worth, then you will see
yourself as a valuable person no matter what.
• Be at ease with yourself


No matter what, you are a unique person with much to offer the world.
Everyone has flaws, but by accentuating the positive aspects of your personality,
you can begin to eliminate negative thoughts about yourself.

• Appreciate the little things in life
Any time something good happens to you, remember to savor the moment as
much as possible. Never take anything positive for granted. Be grateful for little
moments of joy in your daily life
• Avoid focusing too much on negative situations
Many people ruminate too much on their mistakes or other bad situations
while forgetting good things that they have done or that have happened to them.
This is understandable because the human brain is hardwired to look for threats.
But excessive negative thinking can be bad for your health
• Be grateful for what you have
Don’t take anything for granted. Show gratitude as much as possible,
whether to your spouse, partner, parents, children, or friends. Make sure they know
how happy you are to know them. If they know you appreciate them, they will
appreciate you even more, which can only improve your self-esteem and mood
2. Sadness
Sadness is another type of emotion often defined as a transient emotional
state characterized by feelings of disappointment, grief, hopelessness, disinterest,
and dampened mood.
Like other emotions, sadness is something that all people experience from
time to time. In some cases, people can experience prolonged and severe periods of
sadness that can turn into depression.


Sadness can be expressed in a number of ways including:
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Dampened mood
Quietness
Lethargy
Withdrawal from others
Crying

When you're feeling down, levels of brain chemicals called opioids increase
in order to offset your distress, says Alan Prossin, lead author of the study and an
assistant professor of behavioral sciences at UTHealth in Houston.
These opioids may have a negative impact on your body—messing with your
immune system and potentially increasing your risk for disease, he says. In his
study, opioids sometimes triggered the release of an inflammatory protein—
something called IL-18—that's been linked to cardiovascular disease.
Your eating habits can also take a nosedive. A 2013 study in the journal
PLOS ONE found crummy moods might heighten your ability to detect bitter,
sweet, and sour flavors. That may explain why rocky road ice cream tastes
especially delish after a break-up. Individuals who are sad consume significantly
more junk and fewer micronutrients, putting themselves at a higher risk for weight
gain in the short term and hypertension and heart disease in the long term. Because,
the longer your sadness sticks around, the more likely it is to elevate stress
hormones like cortisol, which can screw with your blood sugar, blood pressure, and
sleep quality.
Luckily, you can overcome your sadness. Here a list of simple activity that
you can do:
• Writing


It is one of the best ways and efficient ways to forget sadness. Take a diary
and pen, or may be open MS WORD in your phone/tablet/laptop. Start writing.
Imagine dairy/laptop as a person and write as if you are speaking to it. Write

whatever comes to your mind. You need not be perfect in what you are writing.
Sadness and loneliness are accomplices , and all we need at that moment of time is,
company of someone; when you write ,your diary will turn out as your best friend.
You may not experience physical love. But you will feel loved. Never forget to
ensure peaceful and natural environment. Keeping a cup of coffee or tea would
provide additional energy.
• Traveling
Travel to new places. Whatever mode of traveling you chose. It always
helps. Especially when you have your own vehicle to ride/drive.
• Own a pet
Owning a pet and loving it, taking care of it, will certainly help you forget
your sadness
• Read
Read anything and everything. Read a lot, stories, novels, articles. Once you
start reading, and start giving thoughts to what you have read, your sadness will be
a forgotten story.
• Love and take care of environment/nature
Plant some flower samplings , other plants, build yourself a garden, talk to
them, talk to air, night stars, and so and so. Go to water bodies, valleys, natural
sights, treat them as humans and have compassion for them. You will definitely
forget your sadness.


• Music and Movies
One of the best escapes, is listening your favorite songs and watching
movies.
• Keep yourself busy in doing what you love. Follow your
hobbies,passions; pursue your dreams; learn something new, doing
this, you can definitely overcome sadness.
• Sleep if nothing works.

3. Fear
Fear is a powerful emotion that can also play an important role in survival.
When you face some sort of danger and experience fear, you go through what is
known as the fight or flight response. Your muscles become tense, your heart rate
and respiration increase, and your mind becomes more alert, priming your body to
either run from the danger or stand and fight. This response helps ensure that you
are prepared to effectively deal with threats in your environment.
Expressions of this type of emotion can include:
• Facial expressions such as widening the eyes and pulling back the chin
• Attempts to hide or flea from the threat
• Physiological reactions such as rapid breathing and heartbeat
Of course, not everyone experiences fear in the same way. Some people may
be more sensitive to fear and certain situations or objects may be more likely to
trigger this emotion.
And now, I will figure out the solution to overcome the fear.
The first thing is that you need to understand your fear.
• Recognize when fears become overwhelming.


You may experience fear when you ride a bike for the first time or when you
start a new job. However, when fears begin to take over your life and affect your
functioning, they become a problem. If your fears feel overwhelming, the distress
from the fear can interfere with your ability to function and you may experience
intense anxiety or nervousness. Reflect on your fears and notice how much they
affect your life. Are your fears keeping you from moving forward with what you
want in your life? The following are some considerations:
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Your fear causes intense anxiety or panic.
You recognize that your fear is not rational.
You avoid specific places or situations.
Avoidance of the fear causes distress and interferes with your

functioning.
o The fear has persisted 6 months or more.
• Understand symptoms of fear
Fears often manifest as phobias, which can include situations (fear of public
speaking or raising your hand), animals (fear of snakes or spiders), blood,
injections, etc. When you experience fear, physiological, mental, and emotional
reactions occur, which can include:
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Racing heartbeat
Difficulty breathing
Feeling dizzy
Sweating
Overwhelming anxiety, panic
Feeling pressured to do it
Needing to escape

Next, Interacting With Your Fear.

• Acknowledge your specific fears


It's easy to ignore or deny your fears, even to yourself. But courage can't come
into play unless you have a fear to face down. By owning your feelings you've
taken the first step toward gaining control over the situation
• Question the power the fear holds over you
Does your fear cause you to stay in bed instead of getting up and going to a
class you're afraid of failing? Do you avoid visiting your family in another state
because you don't want to get on a plane? Figure out exactly what power your fear
has over your mind and behavior
• Imagine the outcome you desire
Now that you better understand your fear, think about what exactly you want
to change. Think about yourself experiencing life without your fear. How do you
feel? For example:
If your fear is commitment, imagine yourself happily with a partner.
If your fear is heights, imagine yourself conquering a tough hike. Connect
with the feeling of accomplishment.
If your fear is spiders, imagine yourself seeing a spider and feeling neutral.
Finally, facing with your fear
• Identify false beliefs
Many fears are based in false beliefs or catastrophic thinking. For instance,
when you see a spider, you may immediately have a belief that says that the spider
will harm you, and that you will die. Identify these patterns of thinking, and start to
question them. Do some research and start to talk back to those thoughts.
• Try gradual exposure


After you have confronted your false beliefs, begin to expose yourself to the
fear. Oftentimes we're afraid of something because we haven't been exposed to it

very much
• Practice engaging with the fear
Through all the steps above, now you can start to face with your fear. For
example, if you're afraid of dogs, start by looking at a badly drawn doodle of a dog
done in silly colors. Look at it until you feel no fear response. Then, look at a photo
of a dog, then a video of a dog. Examine it until no fear response exists. Go to a
park where you know one or a few dogs will be on-leash and watch them until you
feel no fear. And then, go to a friend’s house who has a dog and watch him interact
with a dog until no fear response is elicited. Ask a friend to let you touch or pet his
dog while the dog is restrained by your friend until you feel neutral. Finally, be near
a dog and spend one-on-one time with a dog.
4. Anger
The emotion, Anger, also known as wrath, is an intense emotional state. It
involves a strong uncomfortable and hostile response to a perceived provocation,
hurt or threat. Anger can be a particularly powerful emotion characterized by
feelings of hostility, agitation and frustration, towards others. Like fear, anger can
play a part in your body's fight or flight response (a physiological reaction that
occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival). When
a threat generates feelings of anger, you may be inclined to fend off the danger and
protect yourself.
People feel angry when they sense that of they or someone they care about
has been offended, or when they are distatisfied with others. Anger is often
displayed through:


• Facial expressions such as frowning or glaring
• Body language such as taking a strong stance or turning away from someone
• Tone of voice such as speaking gruffly or yelling, and become easy to blame
or nag others
• Physiological responses such as sweating or turning red

• Aggressive behaviors such as hitting, kicking, throwing objects or even
bullying and fight
Anger can become a problem, however, uncontrolled anger can quickly turn
to aggression, abuse, or violence. It alsos cause a reduction in mental ability and the
accuracy of thinking. Angry people are more likely to make risky decisions. Anger
is attached to heart attack,and maybe headache . In relationship, anger makes
people think in more negative way about everything, and they tend to blaming on
others. This can destroy a relationship.
While anger is often thought of as a negative emotion, when compared to
positive emotions such as hapiness, joy and enthusiasm, it can sometimes be a good
thing, if it is expressed appropriately. It can be constructive in helping clarify your
needs in a relationship, and it can also motivate you to take action and find
solutions to things that are bothering you. Anger is useful when you are a boss need
to overwhelm your subordinate staffs.
Being angry is probably one of the worst feelings in the world. It can be
hard to focus and think rationally. I will provide some ways to turn off the anger:
• Identify your triggers
Being self-aware of what makes you angry is important. It allows you to
prevent the situation from getting worse, so you can take a step back and calm
down. They need to identify their triggers and avoid them. You can not be angry
and calm at the same time, so if you have strong relaxation techniques to pull
from, you will be a true master of your anger.


• Take a deep breath
If you aren’t able to have a sleep or a nap, close your eyes and take three
deep breaths to relax. Think about things that make you happy and try to visualize
the big picture
• Get physical
Doing a small workout is a great way to stop your anger from escalating.

When

your

body

experiences

stress

or

physical

pain,

your

brain

produces endorphins, which are natural painkillers. Take a brief walk, exercise
such as swimming, yoga, or something even more physical
• Engage in Self-Talk
Ask yourself what you need to do to manage your mood better, so you're
less likely to let the anger rise to a level where it's uncontrollable. Take a moment
to figure out why you're reacting this way and how you're going to change it.
Whether you do it through journaling or self-talk, it's important to find
a solution as to why you get angry so easily.
• Attending Anger Management Classes