Test bank for 2012 principles of human physiology, 5th edition

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Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) What is the adequate stimulus for nociceptors?
A) change in muscle length
B) cold
C) touch
D) pain
E) warmth
Answer: D
Explanation:

1)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following best describes ON-center, OFF-surround cells in the retina?
A) They are bipolar cells that are excited by light applied in the center of their visual fields and
inhibited by light in the surrounding regions of their visual fields.
B) They are photoreceptors that are excited by light applied in the center of their visual fields
and inhibited by light in the surrounding regions of their visual fields.
C) They are photoreceptors that are excited by light striking the center of the retina and inhibited
by light striking the peripheral retina.

D) They are ganglion cells that are excited by light applied in the center of their visual fields and
inhibited by light in the surrounding regions of their visual fields.
E) They are ganglion cells that are excited by light striking the center of the retina and inhibited
by light striking the peripheral retina.
Answer: D
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Which of the following synapses with second-order neurons in glomeruli?
A) vision
B) olfaction
C) taste
D) touch
E) both olfaction and taste
Answer: E
Explanation:

2)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

1

3)


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4) Which of the following cells is the precursor cell for the olfactory cells?
A) basal cells
B) olfactory receptor cells
C) mitral cells
D) ciliary cells
E) support cells
Answer: A
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) An increase in pressure within the eye due to expansion of the aqueous humor that can eventually
compromise blood flow to the eye is called
A) angiogenesis.
B) retinitis pigmentosa.
C) macular degeneration.
D) diabetic microvascular insufficiency.
E) glaucoma.
Answer: E
Explanation:

5)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) Light striking what region of the retina is not detected by photoreceptors?
A) optic disk
B) pupil
C) zonular fibers
D) ciliary muscles
E) cornea
Answer: A
Explanation:

4)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2

6)

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Figure 10.1

7) In Figure 10.1, what are the structures, in order from 1 to 5?
A) zonular fibers, suspensory ligament, fovea, retina, sclera
B) suspensory ligament, aqueous humor, macula, lutea, cornea
C) radial muscle, pupil, macula, choroid, sclera
D) ciliary muscles, cornea, optic disc, choroid, sclera
E) ciliary body, iris, fovea, retina, sclera
Answer: E
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8) Disks of a photoreceptor are located in the ________ and contain ________.
A) outer segment : photopigment
B) synaptic terminal : transmitter
C) inner segment : transmitter
D) outer segment : transmitter
E) inner segment : photopigment
Answer: A
Explanation:

7)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3

8)


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9) ________ receptors are better able to provide information on whether a stimulus has changed,
whereas ________ receptors are better adapted to provide information on the extent of that change.
A) Tonic : phasic
B) Slowly adapting : tonic
C) Phasic : tonic
D) Tonic : clonic
E) Rapidly adapting : phasic
Answer: C
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) Which of the following is a neurotransmitter responsible for the transmission of a painful stimulus

between first- and second-order neurons?
A) acetylcholine
B) norepinephrine
C) bradykinin
D) substance P
E) histamine
Answer: D
Explanation:

10)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11) The closure of sodium channels is mediated by a decrease in the cytosolic concentration of
________, which is degraded by ________.
A) cAMP : transducin
B) cAMP : phosphodiesterase
C) cGMP : transducin
D) cGMP : phosphodiesterase
E) cAMP : ATP synthase
Answer: D
Explanation:

9)

A)

B)
C)
D)
E)

4

11)


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12) In the optic chiasm, ganglion cells from the ________ portion of the retina cross over, whereas the
ganglion cells from the ________ portion of the retina remain on the same side.
A) nasal : center
B) nasal : temporal
C) temporal : center
D) temporal : nasal
E) center : nasal
Answer: B
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13) What is the form of energy associated with a particular stimulus type called?
A) modality
B) transduction

C) appropriation
D) perception
E) adequate stimulus
Answer: A
Explanation:

14)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) Which sensation has a receptor type that is a chemoreceptor?
A) vision
B) olfaction
C) taste
D) touch
E) both olfaction and taste
Answer: E
Explanation:

13)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14) What is the enlarged area at the base of the semicircular canals, which contains hair cells, called?
A) cochlea
B) organ of Corti
C) basilar membrane
D) utricle
E) ampulla
Answer: E
Explanation:

12)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5

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16) The hair cells are embedded within endolymph, thus, when a potassium channel opens, potassium
moves ________ the cell, causing it to ________.
A) out of : depolarize
B) out of : hyperpolarize
C) into : hyperpolarize
D) equally into and out of : maintain its polarized state
E) into : depolarize

Answer: E
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17) Which of the following structures sits on the basilar membrane and contains the hair cells for
sound?
A) tympanic membrane
B) helicotrema
C) tectorial membrane
D) organ of Corti
E) basilar membrane
Answer: D
Explanation:

17)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) Angiogenesis contributes to the cause of what visual defect in diabetes?
A) myopia
B) cataracts

C) hyperopia
D) macular degeneration
E) glaucoma
Answer: D
Explanation:

16)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6

18)


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19) Which receptor type is used to detect free hydrogen ion content of blood?
A) chemoreceptors
B) baroreceptors
C) osmoreceptors
D) photoreceptors
E) mechanical nociceptors
Answer: A
Explanation:

A)

B)
C)
D)
E)

20) The organ of Corti is located on what membrane?
A) tympanic membrane
B) plasma membrane of hair cells
C) basilar membrane
D) vestibular membrane
E) tectorial membrane
Answer: C
Explanation:

20)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21) The primary afferent neurons from taste receptor cells terminate within what structure of the
central nervous system?
A) gustatory cortex
B) medulla oblongata
C) cerebellum
D) olfactory tubercle
E) thalamus
Answer: B

Explanation:

21)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) What transmits sound energy from the outer ear to the middle ear?
A) tympanic membrane
B) cochlea
C) basilar membrane
D) ampulla
E) external auditory meatus
Answer: A
Explanation:

19)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7

22)

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23) Ciliary muscle is innervated by what branch of the nervous system?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) enteric
E) central
Answer: B
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24) The amplitude of a sound wave is determined by the difference in the
A) pitch of the sound.
B) number of sound waves per second.
C) air molecule density in the compressed versus rarified regions of the sound wave.
D) energy embedded in the air molecules.
E) size of the air molecules in the compressed region of the sound wave.
Answer: C
Explanation:

25)

A)
B)

C)
D)
E)

26) What type of neuron in the thalamus communicates sensory information to the cerebral cortex?
A) first-order
B) second-order
C) third-order
D) forth-order
E) afferent
Answer: C
Explanation:

24)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25) A ________ refers to a single afferent neuron and all of the sensory receptors associated with that
neuron.
A) motor unit
B) sensory unit
C) receptive unit
D) second-order neuron
E) neuronal field
Answer: B
Explanation:

23)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
8

26)


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27) Where is retinal found?
A) ganglionic cells
B) rods
C) cones
D) bipolar cells
E) both rods and cones
Answer: E
Explanation:

27)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) Which receptor type is used to detect linear acceleration forward or backward?
A) baroreceptors
B) hair cells in utricle
C) hair cells in cochlea
D) hair cells in semicircular canals
E) osmoreceptors
Answer: B
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) The gate-control theory of pain modulation states that
A) painful somatic signals can inhibit signals of pain.
B) non-painful somatic signals can inhibit signals of pain.
C) pain sensation must be modified within the sensory receptors.
D) C fibers themselves can act to modify their own pain signal.
E) the signal that modifies pain sensation in the spinal cord must originate from the nucleus
raphe magnus.
Answer: B
Explanation:

28)

A)
B)

C)
D)
E)

9

29)


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30) First-order olfactory neurons synapse with ________. These synapses occur in clusters called
________.
A) olfactory neurons : glomeruli
B) mitral cells : cribriform areas
C) mitral cells : glomeruli
D) olfactory neurons : cribriform areas
E) bicuspid cells : glomeruli
Answer: C
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31) What is the location of the gustatory cortex?
A) frontal lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe

D) brainstem
E) occipital lobe
Answer: C
Explanation:

31)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) What is the location of the medial geniculate body?
A) parietal lobe
B) brainstem
C) thalamus
D) frontal lobe
E) occipital lobe
Answer: C
Explanation:

32)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) What structure detects rotational acceleration of the head?
A) cochlea
B) semicircular canals
C) basilar membrane
D) organ of Corti
E) helicotrema
Answer: B
Explanation:

30)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10

33)


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34) Which of the following statements about the spinothalamic tract is FALSE?
A) Cold signals are transmitted along this pathway.
B) Pain signals are transmitted along this pathway.
C) The first-order neuron synapses with the second order neuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
D) Warm signals are transmitted along this pathway.
E) The pathway crosses to the contralateral side in the brainstem.
Answer: E
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

35) The posterior portion of the semicircular canal detects acceleration in which direction?
A) linear acceleration in the up and down directions
B) linear acceleration in the forward and backward directions
C) moving the head up and down as in saying "yes"
D) rotating the head as in saying "no"
E) rotation of the head from side to side, as in moving the ear toward the shoulder
Answer: E
Explanation:

36)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) In order to focus light coming from a near source onto the retina, the lens adjusts its refractive
power through what process?
A) telescoping
B) refractometry
C) acclimatization
D) accommodation

E) acclimation
Answer: D
Explanation:

35)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

36) According to the law of specific nerve energies, a single sensory receptor
A) type detects all the somesthetic sensations.
B) type detects all the somatic sensations.
C) responds to only one type of stimulus, regardless of the strength of stimulation.
D) responds best to a specific energy modality.
E) responds equally to several types of stimuli.
Answer: D
Explanation:

34)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11

37)


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38) What is the hole through which light can enter the eye called?
A) fovea
B) iris
C) pupil
Answer: C
Explanation:

39)

40)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) Which receptor type is used for sound waves?
A) hair cells in semicircular canals
B) mechanical nociceptors
C) hair cells in cochlea
D) warm receptors
E) hair cells in utricle
Answer: C
Explanation:

38)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?
A) malleus, incus, stapes
B) saccule, utricle, cochlea
C) tympanic, tectorial, basilar
D) malleus, talus, stapes
E) tympani, vestibule, media
Answer: A
Explanation:

E) cornea

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

39) The perception of the position of one's joints and limbs is called
A) kinesthesiology.
B) nociology.
C) positionology.
D) nociception.

E) proprioception.
Answer: E
Explanation:

D) lens

41)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12


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42) In terms of a bad smell, why is it better to stay in its presence than to leave and return several
times?
A) The decrease in graded potentials increases the frequency of their action potentials.
B) Olfactory receptors are tonic.
C) With time, labeled lines change their modality.
D) Olfactory receptors are rapidly adapting.
E) Slowly adapting receptors take longer to come online.
Answer: D
Explanation:

A)
B)

C)
D)
E)

43) The light-absorbing portion of the photopigment is ________; its sensitivity to a particular
wavelength of light is altered by ________.
A) transducin : phosphodiesterase
B) opsin : transducin
C) opsin : retinal
D) phosphodiesterase : transducin
E) retinal : opsin
Answer: E
Explanation:

43)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the ________
surrounds the stereocilia and kinocilium.
A) cupula : ampulla
B) ampulla : cupula
C) cupula : otolith
D) lumen : otolith
E) ampulla : otolith
Answer: B

Explanation:

42)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13

44)


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45) Depolarization of hair cells in the utricle occurs when the
A) head is tilted to the left.
B) hair cell bends toward the kinocilium.
C) head is tilted to the right.
D) head is tilted forward.
E) hair cell bends away from the kinocilium.
Answer: B
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

46) Amputation in diabetics is often secondary to what other problem with diabetes?
A) cardiomyopathy
B) microvascular injury
C) retinopathy
D) hypertension
E) renal failure
Answer: B
Explanation:

46)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

47) The detection of odorants occurs via the binding of organic molecules to receptors on the cell
membrane, activating ________ that ultimately causes the ________.
A) Golf : potassium channel to open
B) transducin : potassium channel to open
C) gustducin : sodium channel to close
D) gustducin : potassium channel to close
E) Golf : cation channel to open
Answer: E
Explanation:

45)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14

47)


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48) In the visual system, activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes which of the
following?
A) pupillary constriction and an increase in the refractive power of the lens
B) pupillary constriction and a decrease in the refractive power of the lens
C) pupillary dilation and an increase in the refractive power of the lens
D) pupillary dilation and a decrease in the refractive power of the lens
E) pupillary dilation and no effect on the refractive power of the lens
Answer: A
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

49) Which receptor type is used to detect swelling of receptor cells?
A) mechanical nociceptors

B) chemoreceptors
C) hair cells in semicircular canals
D) osmoreceptors
E) baroreceptors
Answer: D
Explanation:

50)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

51) The refractive power of what structure can be altered to focus light?
A) zonular fibers
B) ciliary muscles
C) pupil
D) cornea
E) lens
Answer: E
Explanation:

49)

A)
B)
C)
D)

E)

50) Which of the following is NOT a function of TRP channels?
A) warm transduction
B) cold transduction
C) respond to painfully hot stimuli
D) respond to painfully hot chemicals
E) respond to painful mechanical stimulation
Answer: E
Explanation:

48)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
15

51)


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52) The saccule detects what type of motion?
A) linear acceleration up or down
B) linear acceleration forward and backward
C) angular acceleration, as when tilting the head so that the ear approaches the shoulder
D) angular acceleration, as when nodding the head "yes"
E) angular acceleration, as when shaking the head "no"

Answer: A
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

53) Which of the following is NOT one of the primary tastes?
A) salty
B) sour
C) sweet
Answer: E
Explanation:

D) bitter

53)

54)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

55) What is the location of the vestibular nuclei?
A) temporal lobe

B) brainstem
C) spinal cord
D) thalamus
E) parietal lobe
Answer: B
Explanation:

E) hot

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

54) Light waves refract as they pass through what structures of the eye?
A) cornea only
B) lens only
C) cornea and lens only
D) choroid only
E) cornea, lens, and choroid
Answer: C
Explanation:

52)

55)

A)
B)

C)
D)
E)

16


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56) What category of structures includes the rods and cones?
A) retina
B) fovea
C) retinal pigmented epithelium
D) photoreceptors
E) cornea
Answer: D
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

57) The circular muscles of the iris are innervated by the ________ nervous system and their
contraction causes pupillary ________.
A) parasympathetic : constriction
B) sympathetic : constriction
C) sympathetic : dilation
D) parasympathetic : dilation
E) somatic : constriction

Answer: A
Explanation:

58)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

59) Which receptor type is used to detect photons of light?
A) mechanical nociceptors
B) hair cells in semicircular canals
C) chemoreceptors
D) photoreceptors
E) warm receptors
Answer: D
Explanation:

57)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

58) What nourishes the lens and cornea?
A) the choroid

B) the optic disk
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor
E) Purkinje fibers
Answer: C
Explanation:

56)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
17

59)


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60) What is the pigmented structure that absorbs light waves?
A) retinal pigmented epithelium
B) fovea
C) iris
D) cornea
E) retina
Answer: A
Explanation:

A)

B)
C)
D)
E)

61) What is the tough connective tissue that makes up the "white" of the eye called?
A) sclera
B) pupil
C) ciliary muscles
D) cornea
E) zonular fibers
Answer: A
Explanation:

62)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

63) What is a condition where light, originating from a distance, is focused in front of the retina?
A) hyperopia
B) myopia
C) neurotropia
D) presbyopia
E) emmetropia
Answer: B
Explanation:

61)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

62) What is the first refractive structure through which light waves must pass as they enter the eye?
A) cornea
B) zonular fibers
C) ciliary muscles
D) optic disk
E) pupil
Answer: A
Explanation:

60)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18

63)

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64) When the doctor shines a penlight into the patient's eye, which of the following occurs?
A) The sympathetic nervous system is activated, which causes contraction of the outer radial
muscle of the iris and pupillary constriction.
B) The parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which causes contraction of the outer radial
muscle of the iris and pupillary constriction.
C) The parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which causes contraction of the outer radial
muscle of the iris and pupillary dilation.
D) The sympathetic nervous system is activated, which causes contraction of the outer radial
muscle of the iris and pupillary dilation.
E) The parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which causes contraction of the inner
circular muscle of the iris and pupillary constriction.
Answer: E
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

65) Which of the following has receptor cells that are modified epithelial cells?
A) vision
B) olfaction
C) taste
D) touch
E) both olfaction and taste
Answer: C
Explanation:

65)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

66) Which of the following describes irregularities in the structure of the cornea or lens?
A) astigmatism
B) hyperopia
C) cataracts
D) glaucoma
E) presbyopia
Answer: A
Explanation:

64)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19

66)

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67) How is the intensity of a stimulus encoded during information transmittal to the central nervous
system?
A) The amplitude of action potentials transmitted to the central nervous system is greater for a
stronger stimulus.
B) Different second-order neurons transmit information about stimuli of varying intensities.
C) Different afferent neurons transmit information about stimuli of varying intensities.
D) The frequency of action potentials transmitted to the central nervous system is greater for a
stronger stimulus.
E) The neurotransmitter released from an afferent neuron differs based on the intensity of the
stimulus.
Answer: D
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

68) Afferent neurons from the semicircular canal, the utricle, and the saccule enter the brainstem where
most terminate within the
A) lateral reticular formation.
B) medial geniculate body.
C) vestibular nuclei.
D) nucleus raphe magnus.
E) lateral geniculate body.
Answer: C
Explanation:

68)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

69) Somatosensory receptors that lack identifiable specialized structures are called
A) free nerve endings.
B) feedback loops.
C) gustatory receptors.
D) photoreceptors.
E) Pacinian corpuscles.
Answer: A
Explanation:

67)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20

69)

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70) How are pain signals from visceral receptors "referred" to the body surface?
A) the divergence of visceral and somatic afferents onto different second-order neurons
B) signals from visceral receptors that travel to skin receptors to activate them
C) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same second-order neurons
D) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same third-order neurons
E) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same first-order neurons
Answer: C
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

71) Frequency of sound is coded for by the
A) direction that the stereocilia are stimulated.
B) amplitude of the action potentials.
C) location of the hair cell stimulated.
D) number of hair cells stimulated.
E) frequency of action potentials.
Answer: C
Explanation:

71)

A)
B)

C)
D)
E)

72) Which of the following is NOT part of the gate-control theory of pain modulation?
A) Inhibitory interneurons are activated by collaterals of A fibers that are associated with
mechanical stimuli.
B) A nonpainful stimulus can activate the inhibitory interneuron and thereby inhibit the painful
stimulus.
C) Signals that modify pain originate from higher centers of the brain.
D) Inhibitory interneurons can modulate second-order pain neurons.
E) Inhibitory interneurons are inhibited by collaterals from the nociceptor afferent.
Answer: C
Explanation:

70)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21

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73) Photoreceptors transmit information directly to ________ cells via the release of a neurotransmitter,

causing those cells to develop a(n) ________ potential proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.
A) amacrine : graded
B) bipolar : graded
C) ganglion : graded
D) amacrine : action
E) ganglion : action
Answer: B
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

74) Where is the visual cortex found?
A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) thalamus
E) parietal lobe
Answer: B
Explanation:

74)

A)
B)
C)
D)

E)

75) The radial muscles of the iris are innervated by the ________ nervous system and their contraction
causes pupillary ________.
A) somatic : constriction
B) parasympathetic : dilation
C) parasympathetic : constriction
D) sympathetic : dilation
E) sympathetic : constriction
Answer: D
Explanation:

73)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22

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76) What is a decrease in the amplitude of a receptor potential in the presence of a continuing stimulus
called?
A) adaptation
B) transduction

C) sensitization
D) localization
E) habituation
Answer: A
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

77) The process whereby a sensory receptor converts a stimulus modality into a change in membrane
potential is called
A) sensory transduction.
B) sensory generation.
C) modality conversion.
D) sensory production.
E) sensory conversion.
Answer: A
Explanation:

77)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

78) What are sensory receptors that respond to tissue-damaging stimuli or stimuli that have the
potential to damage tissue?
A) Meissner's corpuscle
B) thermoreceptors
C) Merkel's disk
D) proprioceptors
E) nociceptors
Answer: E
Explanation:

76)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23

78)


full file at
79) Which of the following is most sensitive to light?
A) rods
B) S cones
C) L cones
D) ganglionic cells
E) M cones

Answer: A
Explanation:

79)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

80) Whether the hair cell in the semicircular canal is depolarized or hyperpolarized is dependent upon
which of the following?
A) direction toward which only the kinocilia are bent
B) extent to which the stereocilia are bent
C) speed at which the head rotates
D) direction toward which the stereocilia are bent relative to the kinocilium
E) speed at which the stereocilia are bent
Answer: D
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

81) Tips of stereocilia for sound are embedded in what structure?
A) utricle
B) cochlea

C) basilar membrane
D) organ of Corti
E) tectorial membrane
Answer: E
Explanation:

81)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

82) The cornea and lens are ________ surfaces that cause light to converge on a ________.
A) convex : focal length
B) concave : focal length
C) convex : focal point
D) transparent : focal length
E) concave : focal point
Answer: C
Explanation:

80)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24

82)


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83) Both the auditory and vestibular systems rely upon ________ to detect movement of fluid within
the ear.
A) thermoreceptors
B) magnetoreceptors
C) hydroreceptors
D) chemoreceptors
E) hair cells
Answer: E
Explanation:

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

84) Cones that respond to the shortest wavelengths of light (S cones) respond best to what color
spectrum?
A) blue
B) orange
C) yellow
D) red
E) green
Answer: A

Explanation:

85)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

86) Proprioceptors provide the body with continuous information that changes little as a particular
joint angle is maintained, and are therefore an example of ________ receptors.
A) tonic or slowly adapting
B) series
C) clonic
D) parallel
E) phasic
Answer: A
Explanation:

84)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

85) Which of the following occurs during accommodation for near vision?
A) Ciliary muscles contract, causing zonular fibers to become slack, flattening the lens.

B) Ciliary muscles contract, causing zonular fibers to become slack, and the lens becomes
rounder.
C) Ciliary muscles relax, causing zonular fibers to become slack, and the lens becomes rounder.
D) Ciliary muscles contract, causing zonular fibers to become tight, flattening the lens.
E) Ciliary muscles contract, causing zonular fibers to become tight, and the lens becomes
rounder.
Answer: B
Explanation:

83)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
25

86)