Summary of Doctoral thesis in Economics: Policies on improving the quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export products (Case studies for rice and coffee)

MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

PHAM VINH THANG

POLICIES ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VIETNAM’S
AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PRODUCTS
(CASE STUDIES FOR RICE AND COFFEE)

Major in: Economic Management
Code:

9 31 01 10

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS

HANOI – 2019


The thesis has been completed at:
Central Institute for Economic Management

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Nam

Reviewer 1: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ha Van Su

Reviewer 2: Dr. Nguyen Do Anh Tuan

Reviewer 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Van Loi

The thesis is presented in front of the Institute’s Board of Examiners at the
Central Institute for Economic Management on .................................

The thesis can be found at:
- Library of the Central Institute for Economic Management
- National Library, Hanoi


1
INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the thesis
In recent years, Agriculture has been become “the main
pillar” for the Vietnamese economic with numberous export
agriculture producst with large volumne and turnover. Rapid
growth in the volumn, however the export products are mainly
raw products, medium-class products, low value, and weak
competitiveness. Although it has been improved, in general, the
Vietnamese agriculture products have been facing difficulties in
approaching the high demanding market on quality and food
safety. The forecasts show that in the coming time, technical,
environmental, labor barriers ... will be major difficulties for
export agriculture products.
The positive impact of policies to attract resources to
agriculture has not been effective. The ability of increasing
export volume is also facing challenges when most of them
have developed to the threshold of both area and productivity. It
is difficult for export products to maintain the growth
achievement without breakthroughs in science and technology,
supply chain and quality improvement
Renovation and management improvement, strengthen

control of production inputs (agricultural materials, pesticides,
fertilizers,

animal

feed),

post-harvest

preservation

and

processing, stop seeking for volume regardless of quality and
other factors in competition, producing according to "market
signals" are critical demands.


2
Many aspects including the renewal, supplementation
and improvement of relevant mechanisms and policies should
be considered to address the issues. Therefore, the research in
“Policies on improving the quality of Vietnam’s agricultural
export products (case study of rice and coffee)” brings about
both theoretical and practical implications in Vietnam.
2. Purposes and significance of the thesis
The thesis is conducted to analyze and clarify the
theoretical and practical bases for developing and completing
adequate policies on improvement of Vietnam’s agricultural
export product quality in the regional and international

integration.
The scientific and practical implications of the research
support the development of methodologies, analysis and
evaluation criteria for policies. A set of completed and
adequate policies on improvement of Vietnam’s agricultural
export product quality shall promote the sustainable
development of the agriculture.
3. Structure of the thesis
The thesis is constituted with the introduction, conclusion,
references, appendices and four following chapters.
Chapter 1: Overview of studies on policies to improve
the quality of Vietnamee export agricultural products
Chapter 2: Theoretical basis for policies to improve the
quality of export agricultural products
Chapter 3: Current situation of policies to improve the


3
quality of Vietnamese export agricultural products (in case of
rice and coffee)
Chapter 4: Solutions on policies to improve the quality
of Vietnamese agricultural exports in the coming period
CHAPTER

1:

POLICIES

ON

OVERVIEW

OF

IMPROVING

RESEARCHES

THE

QUALITY

IN
OF

VIETNAM’S AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PRODUCTS
1.1. Overview of research
1.1.1. Overview of Vietnamese and international researches
- Firstly, researches in policies on the development of
agricultural commodities for export: Nguyen Van Bich and Chu
Tien Quang (1996) has systematized and summarized the key
economic policies on agriculture and rural areas.
Nguyen Van Minh (2010) clarifies the content of economic
policy in general and the policy of agricultural and rural
development in particular, the internal relationship of economic
policy with Vietnam's economic law.
Rod Tyers and the WB's Advisory Group; ISGMARD
(2002a), OECD's Report on Agricultural and Food Review,
FAO and MARD (2000) study focuses on assessing some of
Vietnam's policies on agricultural and fishery sectors; Shortterm impact of policy reform.

- Secondly, researches in Vietnam’s agricultural product
export: The research by Nguyen Quang Huynh (2008) is a
typical case study in rice exporters. The research by Shawn


4
Cunningham and Nguyen Van Phuc (2008) have identified the
main restrictions on the development of export products,
including rice. Luong Xuan Quy and colleagues (2006)

have stated that policies still have many inadequacies.
Nicholas Minot (2008) stated: Vietnam's rice production
growth is mainly due to increased productivity and land
turnover coefficient. . Dinh Van Thanh (2011); Vo Thi
Thanh Loc, Le Nguyen Doan Khoi (2011); Agrifood
Consulting International - ACI, (2002) ... examined the
impact of developed countries' agricultural product
standards on their ability to participate in global
agricultural value
- Finally, researches related to policies on improving the
quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export products (case study of
rice and coffee): Le Xuan Tao (2014); Tran The Tuan and Tran
Mai Trang (2015) have evaluated the actual situation and made
recommendations to boost rice exports of the Mekong Delta.
Chantal Pohl Nielsen (2003); Le Khuong Ninh, Niels Hermes
and Ger Lanjouw (2002); Chantal Pohl Nielsen, Kobenhavn,
(2002); Jonathan Haughton & et al (12/2004); Nicholas
Minot & Francesco Goletti (2000) has given a summary of
Vietnam’s rice production, especially roles of Vietnam’s rice in
the international markets and specify some strongly influential

trade policies on rices after the economic reform in Vietnam.
Hoang Thi Van Anh (2009) has discussed the fundamental
issues of the global value chain and recommends some
solutions to Vietnamese coffee. Luong Xuan Quy (2006) has
proposed and recommended policies to increase the value added


5
to agricultural exports. Le Huy Khoi (2013) has developed the
theoretical framework and value chain model of Vietnamese
coffee. Nguyen Ngoc Tuan (2013) has proposed adjustments in
lending methods and policies. Rice.P & McLean (1999);
Giovannucci, Daniele & F.J Koekoek (2003) have mentioned
policies on production, processing, export and given out some
recommendations. Nguyen Ngoc Tuan (2013) has emphasized
on bank credit solutions for households producing the coffee.
ISGMARD (2002); N.E.Maurice and J.Davis (2011) have deeply
studied in competitive opportunities of agricultural export
products in the integration.
The common points in the above projects are the research
focuses on production, export and enhance the competitiveness
of the export agriculture produtcs. On the analytical basis, and
the situation assessment, the authors proposed the guidance and
orientation

on

the

solutions

(quality

improvement,

competitiveness, production improvement, export Vietnamese
agriculture export).
As the subject of the study are not focusing on the policies
improving the quality of the export agriculture products, in
some extent, those studies needs to be further discussed. For
example, the theoretical basis of the policies and its impacts on
improving the production and exporting of the agriculture
products, the advantages and disadvantages of the current
policie to ensure the quality of the agriculture products in a
sustainable development in the context of free trade. Many

new solutions are general, wwhich arre applied to all


6
general export items. In other words, the works have not
been comprehensively studied in terms of both theory and
practice to the policies of improving the quality of the
export agriculture products.
1.1.2. Thesis’s issues not solved in published researches
- The theoretical bases for policies on improving the quality
of agricultural export products has not been detailed and
completed to clarify objectives of the policies.
- It lacks the clear categorization of direct and indirect
policies on improving the quality of agricultural export products

in recent years;
- There are few complete, comprehensive and in-depth
analyses and assessments of factors influencing on the quality
of agricultural export products.
- There are few recommendations and new measures for
specific commodities in the certain area.
1.1.3. Focuses of the thesis
- Analysis and clarification of theoretical bases for policies
on improving the quality of agricultural export products;
- Assessment of adopted policies on the quality of
agricultural export products, especially ones on influential
factors on agricultural production, production process (farming
methods); Postharvest food processing and preservation.
- Based on theoretical and practical bases and in the
domestic and international economic development and market
trends of the agricultural products, the thesis has recommended
some perspectives, plans and solutions develop completed and


7
adequate policies to improve the quality of agricultural export
products.
1.2. Solutions to issues of the thesis
1.2.1. Objectives of the research
* General objectives
The thesis aims at propsing orientations and solutions to
improve the policies which enhance the quality of exported
agricultural products. This contributes to the goods export of
Vietnam

in the global integration context according to

theoretical and practical bases of policies on improving
quality of exported agricultural products of Vietnam since
2010.
* Specific objectives
(i) To systematize and analyze the rationale of policies on
improving the quality of agricultural export products;
(ii) To assess effects

of

policies

promulgated

and

implemented in the period of 2010-2017 on improving the
quality of agricultural export products;
(iii) To propose orientation and solutions on improving policies
enhancing the quality of agricultural export products. This
aims at developing the export agricultural products in the
context of integration.
1.2.2. Reaseach questions
The thesis focuses on answering the following questions: (i)
What are factors influencing on policies on improving the
quality of agricultural export products based on the theoretical
bases for the quality and policies? (ii) How have the policies
affected on improving the quality of agricultural export products

8
in Vietnam in general and rice and coffee in particular? (iii) What
solutions should be carried out to develop completed and
adequate policies to improve the quality of Vietnam’s
agricultural export products (including rice and coffee) in the
coming time.
1.2.3. Subject and scope of the research
*Subject of the research:
The subject of the research is policies on improving the
quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export products, especially
rice and coffee.
*Scope of the research:
- In term of contents: The thesis establishes a theoretical
framework for evaluating the effects of policies on improving
the quality of export rice and coffee, applies this theoretical
framework on evaluating policies on improving the quality of
Vietnam’s agricultural export products, especially rice and
coffee in the period of 2010-2017, and propose solutions for the
following years.
- In term of duration: The data will be studied in the period
of 2010-2017 and data and orientation forecasted up to 2020
and 2030.
- In term of space: The thesis investigates the effects of
policies on improving the quality of Vietnam’s rice and coffee
for exports.
1.2.4. Approach and methodology
Approach:
- System approach enables to fully and comprehensively

research and solve issues from both theoretical and practical


9
perspectives.
- Practical approach enables to access to and solve issues in the
practical context of Vietnam.
- A dynamic, interdisciplinary and market-based approach.
Methodology:
Consult with scientists, economists, businessman with issues
related to policies for improving the quality of agricultural
products, as well as high quality export capacity for the coming
years.

.

- Methods of collecting, processing and analyzing information:
Secondary data are collected from various sources (General
Statistics Office, General Department of Customs; Summary
Report of Agriculture, Industry and Trade; Commodity Industry
Association. The questionnaire was designed for the general
audience (experts are civil servants, State officials, independent
experts,

businesses,

associations).

Collected

results

are

processed by Exel software.
- Method of systematization and generalization; interpolation
and extrapolation: To analyze the rationale and situation of the
policy in the process of opening and international integration;
Clarifying weaknesses, causes of the situation, the need to
complete policies.
- Statistical and analytical methods: Used to clarify the
impacts of mechanisms and policies on export agriculture
products.


10

Domestic
market

Foreign
markets

Internal,
external and
input factors

Giá cả

Policies with

direct effects

Quality of
agricultural
export products

Policies with
indirect effects

Complete and
adequate policies

Figure 1. 1: Analysis of effects of factors and policies on the
quality of agricultural export products
Source: By the author
CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASES FOR POLICIES ON
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL
EXPORT PRODUCTS
2.1. Definitions
2.1.1. Quality of agricultural export products
The quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export products
reflects the workmanship, grade, appearance, physical and
chemical properties of agricultural commodities in conformity


11
with standards and requirements regulated by a particular
importing country.
2.1.2. Policies on improving the quality of agricultural export
products

Under the theoretical and practical approaches, policies on
on improving the quality of agricultural export products is
defined as a comprehensive concept of viewpoints, guidelines,
strategies and measures promulgated and/or adopted to operate
and manage the production processes (namely production,
harvesting, preservation and processing), transportation and
consumption of agricultural products to enhance their quality
and meet the standards and requirements regulated by importing
countries from time to time.
2.2. Objective and content of policies on improving the
quality of agricultural export products
2.2.1. Objective of policies
Every policy aims at a certain objective in particular time.
However, the overall objective of policies is to improve the
quality of agricultural export products in order to increase the
export turnover, enhance the competitiveness of Vietnam’s
agricultural export products.
2.2.2. Description of policies
- The effective and efficient utilization of agricultural
resources including soils, water, plant and animal genes, natural
conditions and others;
-

Enhancement

of

supplies

of

various

agricultural

commodities in term of both quality and quantity with reputable
brands and high competition in the international markets;


12
- Promoting researches and applications of scientific and
technological advancements and achievements in the agriculture
in order to increase the productivity, give new competitive
advantages in products, lead the markets and form new
demands.
2.3. Classification of policies
Policies are classified into categories of production, postharvest preservation, intensive processing and consumption of
of agricultural products, and market policies.
2.4. Process of policies on improving the quality of
agricultural export products
Each policy on improving the quality of agricultural export
products includes the following procedures of planning,
making, implementing, assessing and amending.
2.5. Assessment of the impact of policies
2.5.1. Objective and description of assessment
The assessment of any policy of both the central government or
local authorities should be thoroughly and comprehensively
considered in addressing a particular urgent issue posed in
business practices. The assessment is based on the comparison
between the actual results of policy implementation and

objective of such policy; between positive and negative
impacts; and between costs and benefits of the policy. In
principle, a standard set of assessment criteria should be drawn
up for the certain policy.
2.5.2. Assessment criteria
The assessment criteria are varied for each group of policies, or
even for a particular policy. In the scope, the thesis has


13
proposed a general set of the assessment criteria including
Relevance;

Synchronism;

Possibility;

Effectiveness

and

efficiency.
2.6. Foreign experience in planning and implementing
policies to improve the quality of agricultural export
products and lessons for Vietnam
The following necessary lessons can be drawn from other
countries (including Thailand, Brazil, the Netherlands, and
India) with similar experiences and conditions. Firstly,
synchronizing the infrastructure; Secondly, making the State’s
general and comprehensive guidelines and policies; Thirdly,

paying special attention to roles of international organizations
and

institutions,

industry

associations

and

supporting

organizations, NGOs; Fourthly, implementing policies on
supporting and enhancing the capacity of the State management
staff in agriculture and rural areas; Fifthly, regarding product
quality as a top

priority and taking advantages of the

information technology to enhance the market access; Sixthly,
highly emphasizing on increasing the value added of
agricultural export products in the development policies and
strategies

in

order

to thoroughly exploit

international

agricultural advantages; Finally, increasingly attract foreign
direct investments in the agricultural sector.
CHAPTER 3: THE ACTUAL SITUATION OF POLICIES
ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VIETNAM’S
AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PRODUCTS (CASE STUDY
OF RICE AND COFFEE)
3.1. A brief of the quality of agricultural export products


14
3.1.1. Agricultural exports
The export turnover of agricultural products had rapidly
developed, especially in the period of 2000-2010. It developed
slowly after 2010 and stably from 2015 to present. However,
some items decreased in turnover. There have been some new
items which have increasingly developed like vegetables, etc. In
the period of 2010-2017, Vietnam’s export turnover of
agricultural products reached USD 10.2 - 15.0 billion per year
in average.
In 2018, the export agriculture and seafood products have been
improving, reaching to 40,02 billion USD, increased 9,6% in
comparison with it in 2016. Viet Nam stands 15 (in the world)
for the volumn of agriculture export products (we have been
exporting to more than 180 countries and territories all over the
world)
Along with target markets such as China, ASEAN, Russia and
Eastern Europe countries, Vietnam’s agricultural products have

initially penetrated into the Middle East, EU, United States and
Africa.
3.1.2. Quality of agricultural export products
Vietnam mainly exported raw agricultural products in the
period of 2010–2012. Recently, Vietnam has significantly
improved the quality of agricultural export products to fulfill
with domestic and international standards and requirements
(such as Viet GAP, Global GAP, HACCP, etc.).
3.2. Policies on improving the quality of agricultural export
products


15
Various guidelines and policies has been promulgated and
implemented such as: Policies to support, encourage and
improve quality of agricultural production; Policies to reduce
post-harvest losses; Policies to develop agricultural process;
Policies on consumption of agricultural products; Policies on
market and trade promotion; Policies on agricultural
resources; Specified policies on rice and coffee. Those
guidelines and policies have brought about significant
achievements in agricultural production in general and
agricultural export production in particular. However, the
number of agricultural enterprises has been low because of a
few of production supporting policies with direct impacts on
encouraging the intensive processing. Detailed regulations has
not been stipulated, so has not been implemented in practice.
Land policies do not guarantee farmers’ full autonomy. The
assigned land area is inadequate for mass export production in
some regions. There are some limitations in scientific and

technological policies for agricultural promotion. Despite
positive changes, Vietnam’s agricultural export is unstable and
unsustainable. Vietnam’s market lacks initiative and depends on
some certain markets. The provision of the market information
is improved, but not adequate and timely. The branding
Vietnam’s agricultural products are inadequate.
3.3. Assessing policies on the quality of agricultural export
products
In consideration of assessment from two groups including
experts, managers and administrators of enterprises which
export agricultural products, there are many improvements in


16
the

management

of

agricultural export products

upon

promulgated and implemented policies. Large-scale and highly
specialized farms are established to produce abundant and highquality agricultural export products which are conformed to
VietGAP, GlobalGAP, etc. The agricultural promotion services
are qualified to national standards. However, there are
inadequacies. Policies on human resource development have not
been specified. There are many standards and requirements.

Therefore, the traceability of agricultural products is difficult
because of too many regulations. The inspection and
verification of the quality has not fulfilled with requirements of
the market. The accessibility to credits is limited to production
households, cooperatives and enterprises. It exists inadequacies
in authorities for food safety, policies and measures to
encourage enterprises’ investments in intensive processing. The
seed production does not meet the demand.
3.4. General assessment of policies on improving the quality
of agricultural export products
In the last 5 years, Government, Ministries, Agencies,
Associations

together

with

enterprises

have

developed

legislative framework to improve management and quality of
agricultural products, especially ones for export such as: law
and under-law documents, enforcements; national standards and
regulations; policies to improve quality of agricultural export
products from production, harvest to process, preservation, etc.
The policy system has been gradually supplemented and
completed.

The quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export products has been


17
constantly improved thanks to the positive effects of policies
implemented in practice. However, the agriculture has been
mainly focused on the extensive culture, yielding and
productivity. The number of leading enterprises is quite small.
The proportion of high-value-added products is low. The
investment capital and awareness of manufacturers are one of
the most considerable challenges to solutions of these
limitations.
CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETING POLICIES
ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VIETNAM’S
AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PRODUCTS
4.1.International and domestic contexts and issues of
Vietnam
4. 1. 1. International context
It is estimated by WTO that, for the period 2016- 2025, the
world average growth is rather low, below 4.5% (lower than
that of the period 2010- 2015 at the rate of 4.9%). The number
of countries exporting agriculture products are decreased,
incontract with the increased number of importing agriculture
products ones. The demand for rice is growing slowly in
compraision with other coarse grains, but rather lower than that
of the previos decades. The coffee consumption rate is
increasing in the developing countries which are the major
coffee producing countries.
The Vietnamese enterprises are facing difficulties to meet
the national standards on the production, processing to ensure

18
the environment quality, packaging, quarantine standards, and
using the energy suppies harmless to the environment.
4.1.2. Issues of Vietnam’s agricultural export products
Agricultural export has relatively good improvement, but it
has been not The shift of export structure are relatively good,
but it has remained unstable and passive in dealing with
technical barriers to trade (food safety, environmental
sanitation, antibiotic residues, …) Changes from quantity to
quality, from fragmentation to centralization, from crude to
processed status, … have developed slowly. Vietnam’s export
has mainly focused on certain markets, and limited to enter into
new markets. Therefore, agricultural exports are unlikely to
sustainably develop and maintain at high growth.
Table 4.1: Forcast of world trade prospects for the period
2016- 2025
Unit : %
Year

Real economic growth (i)
Wo

OE

Chi

EU

Eur

rld

CD

na

-28

ozo

US

Word

Japa

Ger

Fran

n

ma

ce

ne

trade
(ii)

ny

2013

3.0

1.3

7.6

0.1

-0.4

1.9

1.5

0.5

0.4

2.8

2014

3.5

1.9

7.4

1.5

1.0

1.9

1.4

2.0

0.5

2.8

2015

3.7

2.4

7.2

2.0

1.8

3.0

0.6

1.9

1.9

2.8

2010

3.7

2.0

8.3

1.1

0.9

2.3

1.5

2.1

1.2

4.9

2015


19

2016

3.5

2.7

6.6

2.4

2.3

2.7

0.8

2.0

2.2

2025

Note : (i) GDP growth is calculated by the purchasing power
parity in 2005
(ii) Goods and service
Source : Iternational Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade
Organization (WTO)
4.2. Viewpoints and plans of developing completed and
adequate policies on improving the quality of agricultural
export products
4.2.1. Viewpoints of developing completed and adequate
policies
Policies on improving the quality of agricultural export
products must be consistent with international commitments,
promote the agricultural production in a large-scale and
gradually advanced manner. The policies aim at (i) Improving
competitiveness of Vietnam’s agricultural products; (ii)
Creating and developing famous agricultural product brands on
international markets; and (iii) Strengthening the participation
of Vietnam’s agricultural products in the global value chain.
4.2.2. Plans of developing completed and adequate policies
Reviewing existing policies, evaluate the achievements,
shortcomings and inadequacies in implementing policies in

4.5


20
practice. Learning from other countries and completing policies
by supplementing, amending and recommending better policies.
4.3. Solutions to developing completed and adequate policies
on improving the quality of Vietnam’s agricultural export

products
4.3.1. General policies
4.3.1.1. Creating mechanisms and policies to complete
Vietnam’s standard system in accordance with the importing
country’s standard system. Authorities should support and
encourage enterprises to create and apply advanced quality
management system.
4.3.1.2. Implementing policies and solutions to create and
develop material zones for high-quality agricultural products
which are in conformity with regional conditions and fields.
4.3.1.3.

Completing financial mechanisms and policies for

producing,

processing,

trading

high-quality

agricultural

products. Providing high financial incentives for agricultural
investment projects.
4.3.1.4. Developing information and forecast system for highquality agricultural products and clean agriculture. Improving
the market forecast system and technology. Strengthening the
communication among management agencies and associations
and organizations to set up information channels for farmers

and enterprises.
4.3.1.5. Promulgating policies to strengthen connection and
cooperation

between

high-quality

agricultural

products’

production and consumption. Creating regulations based on
adjusting principles of market. The key rule is to share risks,


21
balance benefits, clarify responsibilities, strengthen brand and
build mutual trust.
4.3.1.6. Warning Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) for
agricultural export products. Authorities should conduct
research and develop TBT system for agricultural export
products and build information system to support enterprises to
actively prevent.
4.3.1.7. Promulgating policies to develop market and trading
for high-quality agricultural products. Developing action
programs for businesses and agencies to manage and identify
target markets. Research, organize and operating Agricultural
Product Exchange in intensive and large-scale production areas
for international demands. Promulgating mechanisms and

policies to connect wholesale markets.
4.3.1.8. Trade promotion and national brand towards the
markets with FTA partners and sectors with advantages and
export growth capacity. Focusing on some potential items to
design and implement special trade promotion programs for
these items in markets.
4.3.1.9. Completing mechanisms and policies to cooperation in
research and application of Science and Technology in
agriculture. Conducting research, selecting and completing
National High-standard Seedlings to conform with Vietnam’s
climate and soil conditions.
4.3.1.10. Improving government management in monitoring,
implementing and controlling policies. Focusing on application
of Science and Technology to improve crop and livestock
productivity and post-harvest losses. Ensuring food hygiene and


22
safety. Strengthening planning management to actively control
agricultural supply.
4.3.2. Policies on rice for export
4.3.2.1. Reviewing regulations on rice production. Improving
judicial institutions to enforce contracts and agreements.
Developing the national standards for export rice based on
specific conditions of Vietnam.
4.3.2.2. Recommending non-collateralized preferential loans in
case of engaging in export rice production in regions planned
for rice production. Establishment and development of rice
banks in rice cultivation areas. Lending farmers with low
interest rates and supporting preferential loans to renew

advanced technologies for export rice processing enterprises.
4.3.2.3. Reorganizing rice production in the sector’s value
chain. Permitting foreign companies to invest directly in rice
export and raw material areas.
4.3.2.4. Planning high quality rice production areas for export to
specific markets.
4.3.2.5. Prioritizing organic and clean agriculture. Developing
the criteria for “Rice specialties”. Assisting enterprises to obtain
environmental certificates for agricultural export products.
4.3.2.6. Encouraging investments in intensive-processing
factories in association with the development of high-quality
rice fields.
4.3.2.7. Encouraging the export of high-quality and branded rice
associated with geographical indications.
4.3.3. Policies on coffee for export
4.3.3.1.

Strengthening

international

cooperation

and


23
relationship with large coffee exporters in the world to improve
Vietnam’s shortcomings. Developing logistics and insurance
capacity for export coffee in specialized manner. Encouraging

enterprises to establish Trade promotion funds and industry
insurance funds.
4.3.3.2. Carrying out the technology transfer of re-farming.
Making agricultural promotion policies.

Enhancing the

training, information dissemination and experience exchange.
4.3.3.3. Restructuring the stockholders in the coffee value chain
to formulating a number of coffee businesses with high
financial capacity and large scale for researches in branded
coffee seeds and specialties.
4.3.3.4. Making policies and management of “Risk Funds for
Coffee”, calling for “Scientific research and advanced
technology transfer funds” for the coffee tree. Considering the
export tax on crude coffee.
4.3.3.5. Adopting policies and mechanisms to increase human
resources for the management of seeds.
4.3.3.6. Developing the Coffee Quality Program (CQP) and
regulating on quality sealing before exports. Vietnam Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development promulgates technical
regulations on processing. Researching the International
Standards ISO 10470:2004 to complete Vietnam Standards
TCVN.
4.3.3.7. Making policies on developing high quality export
coffee

zones;

Researching,

planning

and

constructing

concentrated industrial parks in the Central Highland.