Summary of the PhD thesis in Economics: The role of provincial government for sustainable proverty reduction in mountainous areas in Nghe An province

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THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

1. Reasons to choose the topic
Poverty is one of the pressing socio-economic issues that many countries around
the world are facing.
In Vietnam, the Party and the State have been soon aware of the risk of poverty
and invested much effort and money to implement the poverty reduction program

THAI THANH QUY

throughout the country.
However, the results of poverty reduction in Vietnam in the past have not been
stable and there are still many challenges.

THE ROLE OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
FOR SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION IN
MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN NGHE AN
PROVINCE

Nghe An is one of the poor provinces. Recently, Nghe An provincial government
has achieved many achievements in leadership of socio-economic development in the
locality, people's lives have been gradually improved both physically and spiritually.
However, the results of poverty reduction are not sustainable, with high risk of re-poverty
(about 10%), concentrated in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province.

Major: Political Economy
Code: 9310102

The mountainous area of Nghe An province is a strategically important area in
terms of socio-economics, national defense, security and foreign affairs of the province
and North Central region, including 10 district-level administrative units, and 1 town.
Due to unfavorable natural conditions and poor economic development, people's lives,
especially ethnic minorities, face many difficulties, with low per capita income, which is
equal to 63.3% of the whole province's average. The poverty rate in the mountainous
areas of Nghe An province is still high compared to the average of the province.
One of the main reasons is that the provincial government has not fully played its

SUMMARY OF THE PHD THESIS IN ECONOMICS

role in sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
Therefore, the study of the topic “The role of the provincial government in
sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous area of Nghe An province” will
contribute to further clarifying the theoretical and practical issues of the role of the
provincial government for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe
An province, thereby proposing solutions to improve the role of provincial authorities in

HANOI - 2019

sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the coming
time.


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2. Research purpose and tasks

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areas;

2.1. Research purpose: The thesis aims to propose views and solutions to improve
the role of provincial government in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas
of Nghe An province in the coming time.
2.2. Research tasks

Thirdly, organizing the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas. In this content, the thesis only studies:
- Developing a apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction;
- Implementing laws and policies of the Central State and policies promulgated by

To achieve this goal, the thesis sets out the following tasks:
- Overview research of study works related to the thesis, then pointing out "gaps" that
needs to continue the research;

the province on sustainable poverty reduction;
- Coordinating with relevant organizations on sustainable poverty reduction.
Fourthly, checking and supervising the implementation of sustainable poverty

- Clarifying theoretical issues about the role of provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas;
- Analyzing the role of provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province from 2014 to 2017. From that, to point out

reduction in mountainous areas.
3.2.2. Regarding the geographical space
The thesis conducts sustainable poverty reduction research in mountainous areas of
Nghe An province, including 11 districts and towns which are: Thai Hoa town, Anh Son

achievements, limitations and causes of restrictions on the role of the provincial level

district, Con Cuong district, Quy Chau district, Ky Son district, Nghia Dan district,

government for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
- On the theoretical basis, carrying out analysis and evaluation of the role of the

district Que Phong, Quy Hop district, Tan Ky district, Thanh Chuong district, Tuong
Duong district.

provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An

3.2.3. Regarding the time

province, the thesis proposes views and solutions to enhance the role of the provincial
government for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province

Firstly, the thesis studies the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the period of 2014 -

till 2025, with a vision to 2030.
3. Research objects and scope

2017. The secondary data used by the thesis for the study are mainly in this period.
Particularly, for the data of the poor, poor households and poverty reduction, the thesis

3.1. Research objects
The research object of the thesis: the role of provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas.

only used the data for the period of 2015 - 2017, because:
Firstly, from 2011 to 2015, the poverty criteria in Vietnam only consider the

income perspective. In November 2015, Vietnam introduced a new criterion and poverty

3.2. Research scope

standard according to the multi-dimensional approach and the income level criteria also

3.2.1. Regarding the content
3.2.1. Regarding the content

increased (from 400,000 VND per person to 700,000 VND per person for rural and
mountainous areas.

The thesis studies in the direction of implementing the functions of the provincial

Secondly, despite only until 2016 when the new criteria and poverty standard

government for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas under the perspective
of political economy. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the study of:
Firstly, identifying strategies and plans for sustainable poverty reduction in

started to be implemented, at the end of 2015, Nghe An province had investigated the
poor and poor households according to this new poverty standard and criteria. Therefore,
the data published about the poor and poor households in early 2016 are actually the data

mountainous areas;
Secondly, promulgating sustainable poverty reduction policies in mountainous

of 2015 according to new poverty criteria and standards. Therefore, the number of poor
and poor households in 2014 is less than that in 2015 and poverty reduction in 2014 is

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more than in 2015. Based on this data, the analysis on the role of provincial government
in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in Nghe An province will be
inacurrate.
Secondly, the thesis proposes views and solutions to improve the role of provincial
governments in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province
to 2025, with a vision to 2030.
4. Research method
4.1. Research questions
The thesis is implemented from the following research questions:
- What is sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas?
- In which contents does the provincial authorities play a role in sustainable
poverty reduction? Which factors influence the role of provincial government?

Figure 1.1. The research framework of the thesis

Source : The author
4.3. Methodology
The thesis studies the role of the provincial government in sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province approaches under the perspective of
the economic science, majoring in political economy. Therefore, the thesis takes the
perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the methodology.
4.4. Specific research methods and information collection methods
Firstly, the thesis uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical and
logical methods, comparison methods, descriptive statistical methods to be specific

- What are the achievements and limitations of the provincial government role in

methods to study and explain the role of the Provincial level government for sustainable

sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the period of
2014 - 2017 and causes of limitations?

poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province under the perspective of

- What solutions are needed to improve the role of the provincial authorities in
sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province?
4.2. Research framework of the thesis
The thesis proposes a research framework in the direction of proposing functions
of the provincial governmental role in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas
as follows:
The necessity of the study

political economy.
The thesis also inherits the existing research results, supplements and develops
new arguments and practices in accordance with the research purpose of the thesis.
Secondly, the methods of information collection include:
Firstly, the secondary information is collected from the database system of the
Department of Statistics, Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs, Department
of Planning and Investment, Social Insurance of Nghe An province, Nghe An Bank for

The role of the provincial government in
sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous
areas:
- Developing strategies and plans for poverty
reduction;

- Issuing sustainable poverty reduction policies
in mountainous areas;

Factors affecting the role of the
provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous
areas:
- The policy of the State and the
locality;
- Effectiveness of the apparatus

Social Policies.
Secondly, the primary information is collected through:
(i)

Investigating and surveying with questionnaires to collect primary
information needed to analyze and assess the role of the provincial

The reality of the role of the provincial
authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province:
- Developing investment planning and plan.
- Issuing sustainable poverty reduction policies in
mountainous areas
- Organizing the implementation of poverty
Solutions to improve the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province:
- Completing the building of planning and plan
- Completing policies
- Completing implementation organization.

- Strengthening inspection and supervision;
- Improving the quality of civil servants in the government apparatus on poverty reduction
- Strengthening coordination of authorities at all levels
- Promoting local economic development.
- Strengthening facilities

authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe
An province
(ii)

(ii) Interview: In order to better understand the poverty situation in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province, the thesis interviewed experts and


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managers on poverty reduction in Nghe An province.

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in accordance with the characteristics of mountainous areas of Nghe An province. In each

5. Contributions of the thesis

solution, the thesis creates new proposals. For example, for the policy of capital support,

5.1. In terms of theory

the thesis said that the poor should be divided into: the poor due to objective reasons and

Firstly, the thesis builds the concept of sustainable poverty reduction in

the poor due to subjective causes. For the poor due to objective reasons, they themselves

mountainous areas, identifies the basic criteria to assess sustainable poverty reduction and

can overcome poverty, so it is needed to provide them with resources to overcome

clarifies the relationship between poverty reduction, multi-dimensional poverty reduction

poverty; For the poor with subjective reasons, they themselves cannot overcome poverty,

and sustainable poverty reduction.

so we should not sponsor them both materially (thanks to material support they will

Secondly, the thesis has developed the theory of the role of the provincial

become dependent and do not work) and resources. In order to reduce poverty, the local

authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in accordance with the characteristics of

government has to create jobs for them, by sponsoring better-off households who know

mountainous areas. Specifically:

how to do good business in the locality and regulate that in order to receive such funds,

- The thesis has built the notion of the provincial government role in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas. It is the provincial government that uses

the better-off households must have the poor people work under the introduction of the

local authority.

administrative and economic measures to influence the natural, socio-economic

The thesis has proposed to the National Assembly to strengthen the supervision in

conditions, socio-economic organizations and the poor themselves to implement the goal

accordance with the Resolution No. 76/2014/QH13 on promoting the implementation of

of sustainable poverty reduction and contribute to solving socio-economic problems in

sustainable poverty reduction goals; to the Government on perfecting policies to reduce

mountainous areas.

poverty in mountainous areas, first of which is to reduce direct support policies, increase

The thesis also clarifies the role of the provincial government in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas.
- The thesis not only inherits but also develops the role of the provincial
government in sustainable poverty reduction in the context of mountainous areas and has

conditional support policies and mountainous development policies.
6. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, table of contents, conclusion, list of references and
appendices, the thesis is structured into 4 chapters:

found the factors affecting the role of the provincial authorities for with sustainable

Chapter 1. Overview of the thesis-related research situation

poverty reduction in mountainous areas.

Chapter 2. Theoretical and experience issues about the role of the provincial

5.2. In terms of practice
- The thesis has found limitations and causes of limitations on the role of the
provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous areas of Nghe
An in the period of 2014 - 2017.
- In order to overcome these limitations, the thesis has proposed a system of
solutions to improve the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction

authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas
Chapter 3. Actual situation of the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province
Chapter 4. Views and solutions to improve the role of the provincial authorities in
sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province


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Chapter 1.

feasible solutions to improve the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty

OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION

reduction in the mountainous areas in the future.

The thesis has reviewed the situation of domestic and foreign research on poverty,

Thirdly, the thesis makes recommendations to the National Assembly and the

poverty reduction, sustainable poverty reduction and the role of the State and authorities

Government to enhance the role of the provincial governments in sustainable poverty

at all levels in sustainable poverty reduction. Thanks to that, the thesis has argued that

reduction in mountainous areas.

although there have been some studies on the role of the authorities at all levels in
poverty reduction, there has been no research on the role of the provincial authorities in

Chapter 2

sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in general and mountainous areas of

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIENCE ISSUES ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT IN SUSTAINABLE IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

Nghe An province in particular in any form. This is a "gap" for the thesis to carry out its
research. The selection of the thesis topic is consistent with the objective reality, helping

2.1. Some issues of poverty and sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous
areas

to solve and provide practical solutions for Nghe An provincial authorities to enhance the

2.1.1. Some issues of poverty in mountainous areas

role of the provincial government in sustainable poverty reduction in the province's

Firstly, the concept of poverty in mountainous areas

mountainous areas in the future.

The thesis has generalized the different concepts of poverty. Based on that, in

The thesis investigates the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty

terms of theory, the thesis said that poverty in mountainous areas is the low income status

reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the perspective of political

of a part of the mountainous population, who fails to meet the basic needs at the

economy in the direction of explaining the functions of the provincial authorities on

minimum level of life and lacks of or does not have the opportunity to choose to

sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous areas. Therefore, the thesis focuses on

participate in the development process of the mountainous community.

clarifying:

Secondly, poor characteristics in mountainous areas

Firstly, the role of the provincial government in sustainable poverty reduction in

The thesis said that poverty in mountainous areas has common characteristics of

mountainous areas such as strategic planning and sustainable poverty reduction plans;

poverty. The thesis also points out that in addition to the general characteristics, poverty

promulgating policies to implement sustainable poverty reduction in accordance with

in mountainous areas has its own characteristics. These include, (i) due to natural

specific conditions of mountainous areas; organizing sustainable poverty reduction in

conditions, difficult socio-economic conditions and low qualifications, the efforts of

mountainous areas; inspecting and supervising the implementation of sustainable poverty

poverty reduction of the poor in mountainous areas themselves are sometimes not as

reduction in mountainous areas. Since then, to develop a theoretical framework on the

expected; (ii) the poor in mountainous areas have less opportunity to get good and stable

role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas.

jobs; (iii) poor household size in mountainous areas is often crowded while the fertility

Secondly, through the study of the current status of the provincial government's
role in sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous areas of Nghe An, the thesis
assesses this role of the provincial government in Nghe An province, thereby proposing

rate of poor households is often very high.
Thirdly, causes of poverty in mountainous areas.


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The thesis has pointed out the following reasons: (i) the poor's awareness and

Thus, it can be said that unidirectional poverty reduction is one content of multi-

awareness of self-rising to get out of poverty in mountainous areas remain limited, (ii)

dimensional poverty reduction. Multi-dimensional poverty reduction is a condition of

due to unfavorable natural and economic conditions; iii) due to lack of business

sustainable poverty reduction, for example sustainable poverty reduction

experience and lack of capital; (iv) due to unreasonable customs, spending habits, being
lazy in working, families with people suffering from social diseases; (v) due to
infrastructure constraints and affected by isolation of residence areas.
In summary, through poor studies in mountainous areas, it can be affirmed that

Secondly, regarding the criteria for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous

areas
The thesis has pointed out the criteria for sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas:

sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas is very difficult due to poor

Criterion 1: Increasing per capita income;

development of infrastructure, low intellectual standards, crowded households with many

Criterion 2: The rate of the poor households decreases annually;

children, customs and lack of resources.... Therefore, to reduce poverty sustainably in

Criterion 3: Annual poverty rate;

mountainous areas, it is necessary to persevere to do it in a long time, which may

Criterion 4: Criterion for the level of lack of basic social service access,

consume many resources.
2.1.2. Sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas: concepts, criteria
and roles

Thirdly, regarding the role of sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas.
The thesis explains the role of sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas,
namely: (i) sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas provides opportunities for

Firstly, regarding the concept of sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous

the poor to participate in the process of socio-economic development in mountainous

areas. The thesis has outlined the concepts of poverty reduction and sustainable poverty

areas; (ii) sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas contributes to the widening

reduction. Based on that, the thesis argues that sustainable poverty reduction in

of opportunities for the poor people to improve their personal capacity to effectively

mountainous areas is to increase income to be higher than the poverty line set in

implement job choices, increase income and improve the quality of life; (iii) sustainable

mountainous areas and ensure that the poor people in mountainous areas have access to

poverty reduction contributes to ensuring social order and safety and is a basis for

basic needs of commune services of health, education and culture... to fight against

protecting ecological environment in mountainous areas; (iv) sustainable poverty

poverty.

reduction in mountainous areas plays a major role in the field of security and defense in

On that basis, the thesis points out that poverty reduction and multi-dimensional

border areas.

poverty reduction and sustainable poverty reduction are different, but there is a

2.2. The role of provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in

relationship between each other. That is, poverty reduction is to increase income to

mountainous areas

ensure the life for the poor at the minimum level, also called unidirectional poverty

2.2.1. Concepts, characteristics and necessity of the role of the provincial authorities in

reduction; Multi-dimensional poverty reduction is to improve living standards, to

sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas

increase the enjoyment of education, health, culture, housing, information and create the
necessary conditions to increase the position of the poor in the community.

Firstly, on the concept of the provincial government's role in sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas, in the perspective of political economics, the thesis states


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that: the role of the provincial governments in sustainable poverty reduction in the

the provincial government plays the role of managing the coordination of sectors in

mountainous areas is that the provincial governments use administrative and economic

organizing the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in

measures to influence natural, socio-economic conditions, economic and social

the province.
2.2.2. The role of the provincial government in sustainable poverty reduction in

organizations and the poor themselves to implement the purpose of sustainable poverty
reduction and contributing to solving socio-economic issues in mountainous areas.

mountainous areas

Secondly, the thesis analyzed the role of the provincial government in sustainable

The thesis focuses on studying the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable

poverty reduction in mountainous areas. The thesis points out that the role of the

poverty reduction in mountainous areas from the perspective of political economy with

provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas also has the

the following roles:

characteristics of the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in
general. However, the role of provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in

Firstly, identifying strategies and plans for sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas;

mountainous areas also has its own characteristics. These are: (i) due to low intellectual
standards, the capacity of local authorities is limited, so the strategies, plans developed by
the provincial government and policies on sustainable poverty reduction issued by the
provincial government shall be suitable with the mountainous conditions and very clear
and specific, (ii) the provincial government must direct the grassroots administrations
directly and really deeply observe the implementation of poverty reduction; (iii) in
directing poverty reduction in mountainous areas, the provincial government shall work
towards helping the specific poor households and mainstreaming programs and resources
to implement poverty reduction.
Thirdly, the thesis also points out the necessity of the role of the provincial
authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas. These are: (i) the
provincial government plays the role of the subject in redistribution of income among the
social classes, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, thereby reducing poverty

Secondly, promulgating sustainable poverty reduction policies in mountainous
areas;
Thirdly, organizing the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas. In this content, the thesis only studies:
- Developing a apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction;
- Implementing laws and policies of the Central State and policies promulgated by
the province on sustainable poverty reduction;
- Coordinating authorities at all levels in implementing sustainable poverty
reduction.
Fourthly, checking and supervising the implementation of sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas.
2.2.3. Factors affecting the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas

sustainably in the province, including mountainous areas; (ii) the provincial government

The thesis analyzes the following factors: (i) Principles and policies of the central

plays the role of providing basic social services to mountainous areas in the province,

government on sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas; (ii) the effectiveness

thereby enabling the poor to access these services; (iii) the provincial authority is the

of the provincial government apparatus on sustainable poverty reduction (iii) local socio-

agency implementing major policies on poverty reduction of the State and is the place to

economic development; (iv) quality of civil servants in the provincial government

issue policies on sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in the province; (iv)

apparatus related to sustainable poverty reduction; (v) facilities to implement the role of


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the locality's provincial-level governments in sustainable poverty reduction.
2.3. Experience of the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty

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than 1%/year.
Table 3.1: Situation of population and average income/person in mountainous areas

reduction in mountainous areas of some localities and lessons learned for Nghe An
province

in the period of 2014-2017
Content

Calculation
Unit

Population

People

The thesis has studied the experiences of Yen Bai province, Thua Thien Hue
province and the Central Highlands provinces. On that basis, lessons for the provincial
government of Nghe An are learned as follows: (i) creating favorable conditions for the
poor to escape poverty; (ii) when promulgating policies on poverty reduction in
mountainous areas it should be based on the poverty situation of mountainous areas and
must be synchronized in the implementation process; (iii) creating favorable conditions for
the poor people in mountainous areas to access capital sources associated with consultancy
and support to develop production and increase incomes; (iv) strengthening coordination of
agencies involved in sustainable poverty reduction.
Chapter 3: CURRENT STATUS IN THE ROLE OF THE PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT IN SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION IN
MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN NGHE AN PROVINCE
3.1. Natural conditions, socio-economic conditions and sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province
3.1.1. Natural conditions, socio-economic conditions in mountainous areas of
Nghe An province affect sustainable poverty reduction
The mountainous areas of Nghe An province has a natural area of up to 13,747.69

km2, accounting for 83.36% of the total area of Nghe An province, with administrative
boundaries including 11 districts and towns, among which there are 5 highly mountainous
districts and 6 lowly mountainous districts and towns.
The population in the mountainous region of Nghe An province reaches 1,144,794
people (in 2017) with more than 44,000 ethnic minority people, accounting for more than
40% of the region's population, with a low educational level and many out of date customs
(Statistical Office of Nghe An Province in 2018), the average population growth rate is more

Natural increase rate
Labor force
Average income/person

In 2014

In 2015

In 2016

In 2017

1,110,052

1,128,947

1,136,383

1,144,794

%

1.181

1.202

1.176

1.154

People

690,502

704,311

712,618

717,893

Million dong

20.69

21.90

23.75

25.71

Source: Summary from Statistics Office and the Department of Planning and
Investment of Nghe An province

In terms of economic structure, the economic structure is moving slowly but
firmly. In the mountainous areas, a commodity production agriculture has been formed.
The industries have been developed, mainly concentrated in a number of areas such as
hydropower, mineral exploitation and processing, agro-forestry processing... Trade and
services have been expanded to better meet the demand for life and production, cultural
and social exchanges, local tourism development. However, in general, the economy in
the mountainous region of Nghe An province is still very difficult, with small-scale
economy, fragmented production while there remain many difficulties and limitations in
traffic conditions, commercial infrastructure and production.
3.1.2. Poor situation in mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
The rate of poor households in the whole mountainous region of Nghe An
province has recently decreased. However, compared to the average level of the whole
province it is still high. The rate of poor households in the whole mountainous region of
Nghe An province in recent time in comparison with the average level of the whole
province is still high. In 2016, the poverty rate of the whole province was 9.55%, while
that in most of the mountainous districts ranged from 11.06% to 65.57% (except for Thai
Hoa town), in 2017, the general poverty rate of the whole province was 7.54% and the
poverty rate of the mountainous districts was ranging from 9.21% to 56.03% (except for


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Thai Hoa town, Nghia Dan district and Anh Son district) (Department of Labor, Invalids
and Social Affairs of Nghe An province, 2018).
The average income of mountainous areas in Nghe An province is low. Although
the per capita income increased rapidly, reaching 25.71 million VND/person/year (2017),
increasing 1.4 times compared to that in 2014, accounting for 70% of the average per
capita income of the whole Province (Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of

Nghe An Province, 2018), the average income of poor people in mountainous areas is
still low.
3.1.3. The situation of sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe
An province
In the period of 2015 - 2017, there witnessed many improvements in poverty
reduction results in mountainous areas of Nghe An province while the rate of poor
households has decreased over the years. In 2016, the average poverty rate of the
whole region decreased by 12% compared to 2015, in 2017 the average poverty rate

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Quỳ Hợp District

192

2,94

194

3,38

146

2,89

7

Quỳ Châu District

49

0,68

47

0,74

73

1,35

8

Quế Phong District

17

0,22

14

0,19

17

0,27

9

Con Cuông District

176

3,27

182

3,85

84

1,98

10

Tương Dương District

130

1,51

58

0,77

80

1,25

11

Kỳ Sơn District

375

3,76

173

1,86

83

0,95

Total number and re-poverty rates in
the province

2.069

3,04

1.250

2,08

868

1,70

Source: Nghe An Province Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs
The thesis argues that the causes of re-poverty result from (i) objective conditions;
(ii) from guidelines and policies of the State and the authorities at all levels for those who
have escaped from poverty; (iii) the awareness and wills of those who have newly
escaped from poverty.
3.2. The role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the period of 2014 - 2017
3.2.1. Determining strategies and plans for sustainable poverty reduction
First, regarding the determination of sustainable poverty reduction strategies. "1.

decreased by 15% compared to 2016. The districts in the areas with a high poverty

Overall objectives: Focusing investment resources on creating more positive changes in
income, living conditions and quality of life of the poor. Promoting economic growth

reduction rate include Anh Son (32 %), Thanh Chuong (23%), Nghia Dan (21%).

associated with the goal of sustainable poverty reduction, training to improve the

However, some districts have lower poverty reduction rates such as Ky Son (6%)
and Con Cuong (10%).
However, poverty reduction results in the mountainous areas of Nghe An
province in the period of 2014 - 2017 are still unsustainable when people still get
poor again.
Table 3.6. The situation of re-poverty in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province
in the period of 2015- 2017
STT

Huyện/thị

2015

2016

2017

Number

Rate (%)

Number

Rate (%)

Number

Rate (%)

1

Thai Hoa Town

20

3,57

14

3,13

12

3,12

2

Thanh Chuong District

488

5,62

304

4,06

242

4,20

3

Anh Sơn District

94

2,06

89

2,76

57

2,60

4

Tân Kỳ District

187

3,53

124

2,61

55

1,36

341

10,01

51

1,57

19

0,74

5

Nghĩa Đàn District

quality of human resources associated with job creation in order to create opportunities
for poor people, poor households to have jobs and stable incomes, each steps to escape
poverty. Ensuring that all people have conditions to access and enjoy the achievements
of infrastructure, culture, education, health, social welfare...
2. Specific objectives:
i) Annual average poverty rate reduced by 2.5-3%, particularly for the 3 poor
districts under Resolution No. 30a/2008/NQ-CP of the Government and communes with
a poverty rate of 30% or higher according to Decision No. 59/2010/QD-UBND of the
Provincial People's Committee on average reduction of 4-5%/year.
ii) Creating stable jobs and diversifying income-generating activities for the
poor; increasing the per capita income of poor households by 3 times compared to
2010.
iii) Accelerating the implementation of policies to support poor households in
housing according to the Prime Minister's Decision No. 167/2008/QD-TTg to ensure


18

19

the basic completion in 2011 and completion in 2012 and summarizing housing support

- 100% of households are allowed to watch television and listen to radio stations;

for poor households in the province.
iv) Ensuring that 100% of poor people are granted with health insurance cards
and free medical treatment; 70% of near-poor people are entitled to buy health
insurance cards, 100% of poor household children, ethnic minority households and

- 100% of communes have car roads in the center of the commune that can travel
in 4 seasons
- 100% of communes have national electricity grid to commune center
- Infrastructure of poor districts and communes is completed according to the

children of policy beneficiaries are entitled to continue exemption from school fees and
contributions ” (Excerpt from Decision 3946/QD-UBND).
In order to realize these goals, the province advocates to implement the

criteria of “new rural construction” (People's Committee of Nghe An Province, 2016).
3.2.2. Policies on sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in the locality
Firstly, infrastructure development and resource mobilization policies. Recently,

following measures:
Firstly, to promote propaganda to raise awareness of all levels, sectors and
people. To clearly define the purpose and significance for poverty reduction and
improvement of living standards for people in the Western region in the coming years;

the province has issued and well implemented policies for infrastructure development for
mountainous areas with special difficulties under Decision No. 1489/QD-TTg of the
Prime Minister. The Provincial People's Committee and the directly responsible units
have developed many implementation documents, and issued many decisions related to

Secondly, to apply science and technology to production and economic

infrastructure development in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province. With these

development in association with exploiting the potentials and strengths of each locality;
Thirdly, to increase the attraction of enterprises and socio-economic

policies, infrastructure for mountainous areas is growing more and more.
Table 3.7. Infrastructure in mountainous areas of Nghe An province
Calculation unit: %

organizations and adopt strong policies to attract large-scale enterprises to invest in the
2014

2015

2016

Traffic system (1)

94.1

94.1

95.8

95.8

Electricity system (2)

98.03

100.0

100.0

100.0

3

School (3)

46.5

51.1

55.10

60.20

4

Healthcare facilities and
hospitals (4)

53.50

65.4

73.7

86.2

Western region;
Fourthly, to mobilize all resources to gradually invest in perfecting the

No.
1

infrastructure system such as electricity, roads, schools, medical stations, running water,
cultural, sports and public works. other infrastructure works for production and people's

2

life;
Fifthly, to develop vocational training associated with job creation and labor
export for employees.
Secondly, about sustainable poverty reduction plans
On the strategic basis, the province has proposed a poverty reduction plan for the
2016-2020 period for the mountainous region of Nghe An including:
- “Nghe An sets a target to strive to reduce the poverty rate of the whole
province by 2-3% per year on average according to the new poverty line for the 20162020 period; in particular, the poor districts and communes shall have the average
poverty reduction of 4-5%/year.
- Ensuring 100% of households, especially poor households, have access to basic
social, medical and educational services.

2017

Note: (1): Percentage of communes with motorways to the center in four seasons
(2): Percentage of communes with national electricity grid to commune center

(3): Percentage of schools meeting national standards
(4): Percentage of communes meeting national standards of health
Source: Nghe An Province Department of Planning and Investment
In order to develop infrastructure in mountainous areas, Nghe An province has
focused on policies to mobilize resources.
In addition to the capital allocated by the state budget, the province has promoted
various forms of capital mobilization, especially from the community, businesses and


20

21

other non-governmental organizations such as Canada's International Development
Agency, Oxfam Hong Kong.…

Calculation unit: People
No.

Table 3.9. Capital for poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province
Calculation unit: Million dong
No.

Content

1

State budget

2

Local budget

3

2014

2015

2,729,187 2,940,370

Socialization and Businesses

2,992,959 3,469,692

10,000

10,000

0

10,000

191,755

140,266

144,722

the provincial authorities have issued many policies on education and training for

mountainous areas. Therefore, vocational education and training in mountainous areas of

9,843

9,617

9,302

9,422

3,604

4,012

4,458

4,318

Total

13,447

13,629

13,760

13,740

Source: Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Nghe An Province
Thirdly, policies on support and access to production, development capital for the

poor
The provincial government has issued many policies to create favorable conditions

loans to poor households are constantly increasing. Specifically, in 2014, loans to poor
households were 462,121 million dong, 589,837 million dong in 2015, 675,788 million
dong in 2016, 804,896 million dong in 2017 (Nghe An Bank for Social Policies, 2018).
Fourthly, the policy on supporting science and technology for the poor

Table 3.10. Vocational education and training in mountainous areas of Nghe An
province

This policy has focused on supporting production development, diversifying
livelihoods and replicating poverty reduction models in the locality. The provincial

No.

Content

2014

2015

2016

2017

1

Percentage of students graduating from
secondary schools (%)

99

98

98

98

2

Percentage of students graduating from
high schools (%)
Number of vocationally trained labors
(People)
Number of the poor labors with
vocational training (People)

government has developed an agricultural, forestry and fishery extension program in
accordance with each mountainous area; implemented a management software system,
tracked detailed information about the poor and near-poor households in the locality;

99

94

94

94

40,767

39,568

38,347

36,822

1,793

1,926

2,178

2,909

Source: Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Nghe An Province
Secondly, in order to create jobs for the poor, the provincial government has issued
many policies to help create jobs for the poor in mountainous areas.
Table 3.11: Employment settlement results in mountainous areas of Nghe An
province

2017

Export labors

Nghe An province has seen steps of developments.

4

2016

for the poor people in mountainous areas to access loans and get loans. The results of

Secondly, regarding the policies on education, training and employment Recently,

3

2015

2

3,133,225 3,624,414

Source: Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, 2018

2014

1

2017

163,019

2,902,206 3,142,125

Total

2016

Content
Number of people working
inside the country

strengthened technical and technological training for agricultural and forestry extension
workers in mountainous areas.
Fifthly, health policy for the poor
The provincial government has issued many policies to facilitate poor people to
access health services and to participate in health insurance coverage in a convenient
way.
Table 3.13. The number of poor people participating in health insurance and the
amount of health insurance paid to the poor in mountainous areas of Nghe An


22

23

province
No.

The provincial government has perfected and regularly strengthened the Steering

District/Town

Number of the poor participating
health insurance (people)

Amounts of health insurance paid
to the poor (Million dong)

Committee for poverty reduction from the province to the commune levels. The province
also regularly establishes interdisciplinary working groups, assigns tasks to departments

2014

2015

2016

2017

2014

2015

2016

2017

and agencies to implement. In general, the activities of the above agencies are carried out

4.460

5.945

5.005

quite smoothly, in line with each other; the agencies in the province assess the

739

672

1

Anh Son District

10,118

7,238

9,407

7,444

6.256

2

Con Cuong District

47,861

1,445

1,054

994

29,447 892

3

Ky Son District

57,801

39,375 42,292

40,485

3,579

4

Nghia Dan District

35,253

12,985 10,097

7,772

20,986 8,042

5

Que Phong District

54,548

21,469 24,218

28,010

33,641 13,200 14,850 18,869

6

Quy Chau District

40,833

18,107 18,849

17,914

25,082 11,258 12,288 12,117

7

Quy Hop District

55,125

20,531 18,206

18,017

32,656 12,692 12,149 12,139

8

Tan Ky District

32,014

6,706

7,476

6,793

19,375 4,166

4,825

4,608

9

Thai Hoa Town

1,618

1,218

1,072

826

990

743

560

10

Thanh Chuong District

29,102

14,611 12,094

12,459

17,920 8,980

7,705

8,369

11

Tuong Duong District

56,659

31,548 32,081

25,004

34,376 19,605 20,690 17,085

24,374 25,913 27,665

745

7,141

5,218

Note: In 2014 the figures include ethnic minorities and especially difficult areas

coordination of the relevant agencies in planning, promulgating policies and
organizations, testing, monitoring and evaluation of performance results as effective
(89% agree) (The author investigation source, 2018).
Secondly, implementing sustainable poverty reduction laws and policies in
mountainous areas.
In order to well implement the process of organizing the implementation of the
policy, the thesis said that Nghe An provincial government has implemented the
following steps:
Firstly, developing an action plan.
Secondly, carrying out dissemination and propaganda on poverty reduction
policies for people in mountainous areas.

Source: Nghe An Social Insurance, 2018
Sixthly, social security policies for the poor. In this regard, in recent years, the

Thirdly, implementing policies to reduce poverty in mountainous areas of the

provincial government has issued policies on support for housing for poor households,

central government and Nghe An province: (i) implementing policies for infrastructure

supporting

development and resource mobilization; policies on education, training and employment

electricity

fees

for

poor

households

and

promoting

information

communication in mountainous areas.
3.2.3. Organizing sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas in the
locality

Firstly, building the apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction.
The provincial government has organized the apparatus and assigned and
coordinated to implement the policy of poverty reduction in mountainous areas.
The assignment and coordination in the sustainable poverty reduction apparatus in the
mountainous areas of Nghe An province are carried out along following vertical sector
and administrative boundaries.

for poor households; (iii) implementing policies on support and access to production
development capital; (iv) implementing policies on scientific and technological support;
(v) Implementing health policies for the poor (vi) implementing social security policies
for the poor.
Thirdly, developing a coordination mechanism among relevant authorities and
organizations on the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction.
3.2.4. Implementing the checking and supervision of sustainable poverty reduction
in mountainous areas in the province.
The inspection and supervision of the implementation of poverty reduction will


24

25

give us the results and opinions compared to the strategies, goals, plans, policies as well

Secondly, in recent years, the provincial authorities have directed the assignment

as reality practices, that the implemented policy has the right object or not, it causes

and coordination of the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction laws and

waste or losses, the effectiveness of the policies given are the same as expected?…

policies in mountainous areas of Nghe An province.

3.3. Assessing the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the period of 2014 - 2017

Thirdly, the coordination and support for the implementation of sustainable
poverty reduction has seen positive progress.

3.3.1. Achievements.

Fourthly, the inspection and supervision of the implementation of sustainable

Firstly, in the development of a sustainable poverty reduction strategy and plan,

poverty reduction in mountainous areas, under the drastic direction and close attention,

Nghe An provincial government has developed and issued many documents guiding and

the inspection and supervision of the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction

implementing the policy of poverty reduction for the mountainous areas of Nghe An

policies in the mountainous areas of Nghe An province have been strictly and properly

province.

implemented.
3.3.2. Limitations and causes of limitations

Secondly, on the promulgation of policies on sustainable poverty reduction, the
Nghe An provincial government has also issued and brought many practical and

3.3.2.1. Limitations.

meaningful policies to provide sustainable livelihoods for poor households as well as to

Firstly, the strategic planning and sustainable poverty reduction plan still reveal

create conditions and resources to provide necessary public services, improve living

some points that are not really suitable to the conditions of mountainous areas of Nghe

standards and beneficiaries of the poor in the mountainous districts of the province.

An province due to not being close to the socio-economic conditions of mountainous

Policies on infrastructure development have contributed to changing the

areas.

appearance of mountainous areas. Policies on human resource education and training

Secondly, there remain many limitations in the promulgation of policies on

have improved people's intellectual standards, created jobs or exported labor, increased

sustainable poverty reduction. Policies are not promulgated in a synchronous, coordinated

incomes and reduced poverty; Policies on capital assistance have helped develop

and interconnected way, in the construction, issuance and implementation, especially

production; Scientific and technological policies have made active support for production

missing feasible options in linking funding, counterpart funds for specific programs,

development and human resource training; Health development policies allow poor

projects. The process of promulgating poverty reduction policies is lacking coordination

people in mountainous areas to enjoy public services and strengthen poor people's health

and participation of the concerned parties, especially the poor and socio-political

care; Social security policies have created more justice for the poor, contributing to

organizations, in order to enhance the diversification and practicality for the policies. In

solving social problems in the locality.

addition, the provincial government has not yet issued a procedure or manuals for

Thirdly, the organization of implementing sustainable poverty reduction in
mountainous areas of Nghe An province has witnessed remarkable achievements.
Firstly, the apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas has
been improved more and more, to become more suitable for mountainous conditions.

organizing the implementation of poverty reduction policies in general and poverty

reduction policies in particular for mountainous areas in particular. This can lead to the
fact that the mountainous areas can feel confusing when organizing the implementation.
A phenomenon occurs when under the same policy, the different localities implement


26

27

different procedures, taking one issue too seriously and ignoring other problems in
implementing regional poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
Thirdly, the organization of implementing sustainable poverty reduction in

Thirdly, the socio-economic of Nghe An province has not yet developed. Nghe An
province is still one of the 10 poorest provinces in the country. Therefore, the resources,
especially finance for implementing investment in mountainous areas, are limited.

mountainous areas remains inadequate. Specifically:
Firstly, the apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas is
still cumbersome and with limited efficiency;

Fourthly, the quality of civil servants related to sustainable poverty reduction is
limited, especially the capacity in coordination and consulting of the permanent agency to
reduce poverty.

Secondly, there remain some shortcomings in directing the assignment and

Fifthly, the infrastructure facilities to implement the role of the provincial

coordination of the implementation of sustainable poverty reduction laws and policies in

government in sustainable poverty reduction are insufficient, failing to meet the

the mountainous areas of Nghe An province. That is, most of the implementation of laws

requirements.
Chapter 4:

and policies on poverty reduction have been carried out according to the top-down
mechanism, leading to the lack of flexibility in the implementation of the program in

VIEWS AND SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE ROLE OF THE PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT IN SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION IN

practice.

MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN NGHE AN PROVINCE

Thirdly, the coordination and support for the implementation of sustainable

4.1. International, domestic and local contexts affecting the role of the

poverty reduction have seen positive progress, but still has not met the requirements.
Fourthly, in checking and monitoring the implementation of sustainable poverty
reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province, despite being implemented

provincial authorities and sustainable poverty reduction in the mountainous areas
of Nghe An province in the coming time.

regularly, the effectiveness is not really high.

In order to have more bases to propose views and solutions, the thesis has

3.3.2.2. Reasons for limitations

analyzed the international, domestic and local contexts that affect the role of the

First, the sustainable poverty reduction policies in the mountainous areas of the

provincial authorities and sustainable poverty reduction orientations in the mountainous

central government are still limited. That includes, the fact that the time to implement the

areas in Nghe An Province until 2025, with a vision to 2030.
Table 4.1. Forecast of criteria in mountainous areas of Nghe An province

policy is short, lacks strategy; the building of some policies is unrealistic, not suitable for
mountainous areas; The basic policies are social welfare, which usually just support, and

Criteria

Calculation
Unit

2025

1

Average per capita income

Million dong

50

69.5

2

Percentage of annual poverty reduction among
poor households in mountainous areas

%

5.0

3.0

3

Percentage of annual re-poverty

%

1.2

0.85

4

Access level to basic social services

%

100

100

No.

solve the temporary situation, but not a development investment to exploit the strengths
of the mountainous areas.
Secondly, the provincial government apparatus for poverty reduction is
cumbersome, so the effectiveness is not high.

2030

Source: Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Nghe An Province


28
4.2. Perspective to enhance the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
On the theoretical and experience bases in chapter 2, the current situation in
chapter 3 and the bases in chapter 4, the thesis has proposed the following views:
Firstly, it is necessary to change the thinking and vision in managing and
operating and directing the sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe
An province.
Secondly, to promote the review, amendment and supplementation of poverty
reduction policies that are appropriate to the characteristics of mountainous areas of Nghe
An province in the direction of integrating all field policies to ensure uniformity,

efficiency and ease of monitoring, and ease of implementation.
Thirdly, to focus on the pre-planning works and pre-planning works in
implementing sustainable poverty reduction policies in accordance with the
characteristics of mountainous areas of Nghe An province.
Fourthly, to attach importance to attracting investment resources, transferring
science and technology into production, economic development in combination with
making full use of the potentials and strengths of each district and region.

29
the conditions of mountainous areas; (ii) good implementation of sustainable poverty
reduction policies of the central and provincial levels; (iii) strengthening the coordination
of authorities at all levels in implementing sustainable poverty reduction.
Fourthly, to strengthen the checking and monitoring of the implementation of
sustainable poverty reduction
Fifthly, to improve the quality of civil servants in the provincial government
apparatus related to sustainable poverty reduction.
Sixth, to promote local economic development.
Seventh, to strengthen facilities to implement the role of the provincial authorities
in sustainable poverty reduction.
4.4. Some recommendations.
First, to make recommendations to the National Assembly
The National Assembly should work towards prioritizing the fund allocation for
sustainable poverty reduction policies in mountainous areas, ethnic minority areas, and
mountainous areas in the direction of implementation of local government capacity,
associated with specific poverty reduction goals and outputs.
Strengthening the oversight function of the National Assembly in the

Fifth, to strengthen the leadership and direction of Party committees, State

implementation of sustainable poverty reduction policies, especially the implementation

management capacities at all levels and sectors in sustainable poverty reduction in

of sustainable poverty reduction policies in mountainous areas, ethnic minority areas, and

mountainous areas of Nghe An province.

30a locality, and with other components providing essential public services for the poor

4.3. Solution to improve the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable
poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province

such as production support policies, residential land, housing, medical services, insurance
services, legal aid services...

Firstly, to improve strategic planning and sustainable poverty reduction plans.

Secondly, to make recommendations to the Government

This solution focuses on explaining (i) perfecting strategic planning; (ii) perfecting

The Government needs to quickly review, supplement, streamline, and integrate

plan building.

legal documents related to poverty reduction and sustainable poverty reduction for

Secondly, to improve policies to implement sustainable poverty reduction

mountainous areas in the direction of reducing the number of documents, reducing

Thirdly, to well implement sustainable poverty reduction. This solution focuses on

overlapping, duplication;

the thesis: (i) building a apparatus for sustainable poverty reduction in accordance with

For direct support policies, consideration should be given to the distribution of a


30

31

gradually reduced roadmap of these policies, to increase conditional support policies and
LIST OF ALREADY PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR

mountainous development policies.

1. Thai Thanh Quy, Dang Thanh Tung, Nghe An Province Tourism: Current status and
CONCLUSION
Firstly, through the learning of the domestic and foreign studies related to the role
of the government (the provincial government) in sustainable poverty reduction and

development orientations, Economics and Development Journal, edition 201 (II), March
2014
2. Thai Thanh Quy, Exploiting tourism potentials of some localities and lessons learnt for

poverty reduction in the mountainous areas, the author has drawn a research gap for the

Northern Central region provinces, Asia-Pacific Economic Journal, edition 422 - March

thesis to solve the problem.

2014

Secondly, the thesis has systematized the theoretical framework and practical

3. Tran Viet Tien, Thai Thanh Quy, Implementing poverty reduction goals in Western

experience on the role of the provincial governments in sustainable poverty reduction for

region of Nghe An province, Economics and Development Journal, edition 255(II),

mountainous areas. That role is shown by: (i) Determining sustainable poverty reduction

August 2018

strategies and plans; (ii) Issuing policies on sustainable poverty reduction; (iii)

4. Thai Thanh Quy, Poverty reduction experience in mountainous areas of some

Organizing sustainable poverty reduction; (iv) Checking and supervising the

localities and experience for Nghe An province,

implementation of sustainable poverty reduction.

development, Vol. 8, edition 2, June 2018

Journal for regional sustainable

Thirdly, the reality of sustainable poverty reduction for the mountainous areas of

5. Thai Thanh Quy, Some thoughts about the poverty reduction policies in mountainous

Nghe An province in the past shows that the efforts of Nghe An provincial government in

areas of Nghe An province, Scientific workshop document “About employment, labor

sustainable poverty reduction, however, there remain many limitations that need to

export and poverty reduction after 2 years of implementing the Resolution of the 18th

overcome in each group of content mentioned above. The pointing out of the limitation

Provincial Party Committee, Resolution 26-NQ/TW of the Politburo regarding the

causes in identifying strategies, developing sustainable poverty reduction plans; enacting

direction, the task of developing Nghe An province to 2020,” organized by Nghe An

policies; organizing implementation and inspection, supervision of sustainable poverty

People's Committee, in August 2018.

reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province in the past time is an important
discovery in order to find solutions to overcome in the future.
Fourthly, based on the international, domestic and local contexts affecting
sustainable poverty reduction in mountainous areas of Nghe An province as well as the

viewpoint of enhancing the role of Nghe An provincial government in sustainable
poverty reduction in the mountainous areas of the province, the thesis proposes 8
solutions to enhance the role of the provincial authorities in sustainable poverty reduction
in the mountainous areas of the province in the coming time.