Effect of benzyl adenine and sucrose for in vitro microrhizome production in curcuma aromatica salisb

AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

EFFECT OF BENZYL ADENINE AND SUCROSE FOR IN VITRO MICRORHIZOME
PRODUCTION IN CURCUMA AROMATICA SALISB
Nguyen Thi Thuy Diem1
1

An Giang University, VNU - HCM

Information:
Received: 04/10/2018
Accepted: 13/08/2019
Published: 11/2019
Keywords:
Sucrose, microrhizomes, in
vitro, Curcuma aromatica,
Benzyl adenin.

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was carried out to rapid multiplication of Curcuma
aromatica salisb with large quantities, uniform and good quality, stored and
transported easily which are advantageous for in vitro multiplication. Experiment
comprised: the effect of tree concentration Benzyl adenin (3, 5, 7 mg/L) and six
concentration sucrose (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mg/L) on the in vitro
microrhizome production were investigated. The experiment was arranged in a
completely randomized form, two-factor, 18 treatments and 5 replications. The
results indicated that shoots of Curcuma aromatica salisb cultured on MS medium
supplemented with 80 g/L sucrose and BA 3 - 5 mg/L for to be the most suitable
medium for in vitro microrhizomes induction of Curcuma aromatica with time
sooner, the rate of in vitro tuber formation, the number of tubers, tuber weight and
tuber diameter reached the highest after 16 weeks of culture.

1. INTRODUCTION

types. On the other hand, white turmeric was
demonstrated diffent from essenttial oil into white
turmeric plant such as anti- inflammatory, anti
platelet aggregation, cough suppression and
kidney protection (Sikha et al., 2015).
In nature, white turmeric occurs from rhizome,
after about 210 day to establish the rhizome breed
(Ravindran et al., 2007). The rhizome has a long
domance and germinates the rainy season. Beside,
the work to maintain source species of white
turmeric annually is both costly and effort. Often,
the disease on the plant such as rhizome is a
negative ordor (by Pythium sp.) and spot leaf by
Taphrina species and Collectrichum are very
damaging to the preservation process breed in
field causing the lack of the breed resource in the
culture (Nayak & Naik, 2006). Beside, white
turmeric is building plan for planting area in An
Giang province to make material area. This object

White turmeric (Curcuma aromatic Salisb) is a
rare medicinal herb plant species, in Zinger family
– Zingiberaceae, this is projecting to develop
herbs plant source in An Giang province from
now onwards to the year 2020. Studies show the
biological active substances extracted from
rhizome in white turmeric contain group acticve

antioxidant such as curcuminoid, flavonoid,
terpenoid. In the adopted antioxidant mechanism,
the manufatured product from white turmeric
have biological effects such as anti- inflammatory
stomach medication from wine (Jeon et al., 2010).
The situation artery antherogenesis is reduced
(Lee et al.,
2010), prevent to injury
carcinogenesis on skin by ultraviolet ray (Panich
et al., 2010). The power antioxidant mechanism,
white turmeric plant has potential to become
effect medicine treatment assist for many cancer

17


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

is new so the white turmeric breed source is seen
early. So, the cultural technology is set up to
produce breed and quality guaranteed to support
seedlings free from disease, uniform to request
breed produce.
In making microrhizomes in vitro by method
micropropagation to processing and good
achieved on object such as Solanum tuberosum L.,
Dioscorea composita, Gladiolus spp., Zingiber
officinale Rosc, Curcuma longa,…(Gopal et al.,
1998; Alizade et al., 1998; Dương Tấn Nhựt et
al., 2007; Sharma & Singh, 1995; Sunitibala et

al., 2001). Currently, the studies on microrhizome
in vitro have not been processed in Viet Nam
through the seedling source for production to
support the farmer.

disease medicine for 60 minutes in clean rice husk
ash. After 15 – 20 days of incubation, the shoots
of white turmeric began to appear.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The shoots were divided from rhizome washed,
roots cut and leaves cleaned, 1/2 leaf cut and
clean washed. Next, the shoots were soaked in
light soap after immature buds were cleaned with
running tap water. Explants were then immersed
in 70% ethanol for 1 min and the explants were
rinsed three times with distilled water. Next, the
explants were soak with 20% Ca(OCl)2 for 15
minutes, after the explants were rinsed three times
with distilled water. The explants were cut,
divided to take the shoot top and culture in bottle
contain medium MS not supplemented plant
growth regulator to create a material source to use
for experimentation in making microrhizome.

2.1 Plant Materials

2.3.2 Experimental arrangement

The white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma aromatica)
to take on Tinh Bien Oriental medicine congress
in An Giang province and take it from the lab of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang
University to nursery.

Excised buds of Curcuma aromatica were high
about 4-5 cm, initially cultured on MS basal
medium. After 14 days of culture, the shoots
became root formations and were transfered to a
culture medium MS supplement with BA and
sucrose in different concentrations for
microrhizome induction.
The experiment was arranged in Completely
Block Design (CBD), two factor, including 3
concentrations of BA (3, 5 and 7 mg/L) and 6
concentrations of sucrose (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and
120 g/L). The experiment consists of 18
treatments, each treatment was repeated 5 times,
each time was 5 the culture bottle (1 explant/ the
culture bottle).

2.2 Medium and culture conditions
The medium were used MS basal medium
(Musrashige & Sokol, 1962) supplemented with
agar (8 g/l), Myo - Inositol (0,1 g/l) and 1 mg/L
NAA. Depending on how the experiment
supplemented with benzyl adenin (BA) and
sucrose in different concentrations. The pH of the
media were adjusted to 5.8 using 1M NaOH or

1M HCl. The culture bottles were steam sterilized
in an autoclaved at 1210C, 1 atm for 30 min.

2.3.3 Observations recorded for experiments

Cultural conditions: The explants were maintained
in a growth room under white fluorescent light for
a daily photoperiod of 16 hours, with temperature
24 ± 2 0C.

The time microrhizome induction (weeks after
cultured - WAC), rate tuber formation (%), the
number average tuber/explants, the weight
microrhizome (g), diameter microrhizome (cm).
Observations were done every week starting from
the first week after culture initiation to 16 weeks
after culture initiation.

2.3 Methods
2.3.1 Culture to make source sample starting
Curcuma aromatica rhizomes were selected from
7 to 8 months of age, uniform and not diseased.
Samples were treating with Antracol 70WP

2.3.4 Data analysis

18


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

Data were analyzed using the Statistical SPSS
software version 20.0 and analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was used to investigate if there is any
significant difference. A mean separation test was
conducted using Duncan multiple range.

The time set up microrhizome in vitro had interact
between BA concentration and sucrose. The time
set up microrhizome induction in vitro earliest on
two experiment to supplemented 3 mg/L BA
combine 80 mg/L sucrose and 5 mg/L BA
combine 60 mg/L sucrose in 5 weeks after being
culturation (Fig 1.), it was statistically different in
significance at 1% compared to the remaining
treatments.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 The time microrhizome induction in vitro of
white turmeric shoots

Table 1. Effect of concentration of BA and sucrose on the time microrhizome white turmeric induction in vitro

Sucrose
concentrations
(g/L)

Concentrations of BA (mg/L)
3

5

7

Average
(Sucrose)

20

11.00 d

10.00 e

12.00 c

11.00 b

40

9.00 f

8.00 g

9.00 f

8.67 c

60

6.00 i

5.00 k

7.00 h

6.00 e

80

5.00 k

5.67 j

6.00 i

5.56 f

100

7.00 h

7.00 h

9.00 f

7.67 d

120

13.00 b

13.00 b

15.00 a

13.67 a

Average (BA)

8.50 b

8.11 c

9.67 a

F (Experiment)

**

F (BA)

**

F (Sucrose)

**

F (BA x Sucrose)

**

CV (%)

1.54

Note: The following letters were the same, the difference was no significant statistically: ** = the
difference was statistically significant at 1%

Fig 1. In vitro microrhizomes induction of white turmeric after 5 weeks of incubation on culture medium.

19


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

The effect of BA concentration to time induction
to microrhizome production in vitro. In
concentrate 5 mg/L BA has time to show
microrhizome in earliest (8.11 weeks after
cultured), the difference was statistically
significant at 1% compared with 3 mg/L BA and 7
mg/L BA concentration in a culture medium. It
suggest that the time induction microrhizome of
BA early or later then
depended on BA
concentration in supplemented in a culture
medium. In the BA concentration suitable for
induction microrhizome formation in vitro were 5
mg/L, the microrhizome were formation earlier,
average about 8.11 weeks after cultured, the

shoots start set up microrhizome in 3 mg/ L BA
concentration and 7 mg/L BA concentration after
8.50- 9.67 weeks after cultured the new
microrhizome was establish.

When the sucrose concentration were increase
from 20 – 80 g/L then the time induction
microrhizome production to shorten from 11
weeks after cultured to decrease 5.56 weeks after
cultured. But, when the sucrose concentration
were increased continuous up 100 – 120 g/L then
the time induction microrhizome production from
7.67 weeks after cultured to increase 13.67 weeks
after cultured show new microrhizome.
In general, the time induction microrhizome
production were MS medium supplement 1 mg/L
NAA combine 3 – 5 mg/L BA and 60 -80 g/L
sucrose in earliest, the microrhizome was show 5
– 6 weeks after culturation.
3.2 The rate explant were established
microrhizome of shoot white turmeric
The results on table 2, the rate of explant to
microrhizome established in 16 weeks after
cultured to have interact between BA
concentration and sucrose. The explant culture
rate were highest in experiment MS supplemented
1 mg/L NAA with 3 mg/L BA and 80 g/L
sucroser to achieve 91.67%, the difference was
statistically significant at 1%.

The sucrose concentration to effect come on the
time induction microrhizome production in vitro.
The sucrose on 80 g/L concentration were time
induction production earliest was 5.56 weeks after
cultured, the difference was statistically
significant at 1% compared the sucrose
concentration in the other in a culture medium.

Table 2. Effect of BA concentration and sucrose on the explant rate microrhizome formation (%) in white turmeric
in vitro in the 16 weeks after cultured

Average
(Sucrose)

Concentrations of BA (mg/L)

Sucrose oncentration
(g/L)

3

5

20

25.00 d

25.00 d

25.00 d

25.00 c

40

25.00 d

25.00 d

41.67 d

30.56 c

60

41.67 d

66.67 bc

25.00 d

44.44 b

80

91.67 a

75.00 b

58.33 c

75.00 a

100

41.67 d

75.00 b

33.33 d

50.00 b

120

25.00 d

25.00 d

25.00 d

25.00 c

Average (BA)

41.67 b

48.61 a

34.72 c

F (Experiment)

**

F (BA)

**

F (Sucrose g)

**

F (BA x Sucrose)

**

CV (%)

7

21.60

Note: The following letters were the same, the difference was not statistically significant: ** = the
difference was statistically significant at 1%
20


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

The sucrose concentration to effect come the time
induction microrhizome production in vitro. In the
sucrose 80 g/L concentration for the explant rate
microrhizome formation achieved highest 75%,
the difference was statistically significant at 1%
compared the sucrose concentration different in
the culture medium.

BA concentration to effect to the number of
microrhizome. In 5 mg/L BA concentration for
the number of microrhizome to achieve highest
was 1.94 microrhizome/explants, the difference
was statistically significant at 1% as compared to
BA concentration 3 mg/L and 7 mg/L in the
culture medium.

The BA concentration to effect come the explants
rate microrhizome formation in vitro. On the 5
mg/L BA concentration for the explants rate
microrhizome formation were highest (48.61%),
the difference was statistically significant at 1%
compared with MS medium supplemented 3 mg/L
BA and 7 mg/L BA in the culture medium.

The sucrose concentration to effect come number
microrhizome in vitro. The sucrose concentration
was 80g/L achive then the number highest baby
microrhizome was 3 microrhizome/explants, the
difference was statistically significant at 1% as
compared the sucrose concentration other in the

culture medium.

In the result to table 2, when BA concentration to
increase from 3 mg/L to 5 mg/L, the explants rate
microrhizome formation to increase from 41.67%
to 48.61%. When BA concentration increase on 7
mg/L, the explants rate microrhizome formation
to go down 34.72%. In the sucrose concentration,
when the sucroser concentration to increase from
20 to 80 g/L then the explants rate microrhizome
formation to increase from 25% to 75%. But when
the sucrose concentrate increased on 100 -120 g/L
then the explant rate microrhizome formation go
to down form 50% to 25%. It suggest that, the BA
concentration and high sucrose were inhibition to
microrhizome formation in vitro.

The compared between experiment, the results on
table 3, the number of microrhizome to highest
increase in 3 mg/L BA concentration with 80 g/L
sucrose then achieved 3.67 microrhizome/
explants, the difference was statistically
significant at 1% as compared the other
experiment.
In general, the results in table 3, when increased
BA concentration from 3 mg/L to 5 mg/ L, the
number of microrhizome to increase from 1.67
microrhizome/ explants to 1.94 microrhizome/
explants. When increase BA concentration up to 7
mg/L, the number of microrhizome in vitro

become go to down only achieve 1.39
microrhizome/ explants. For sucrose, when the
sucrose concentration to increase from 20 to 80 g/
L then the number of microrhizome to increase
from 1 microrhizome/explants to 3 microrhizome/
explants. But when the sucrose content up to 100 120 g/L then the number microrhizome formation
go to down from 2 microrhizome/ explants to 1
microrhizome/explants. So, the white turmeric
shoots to culture on MS medium contain 1 mg/L
NAA to supplemented 3 – 5 mg/L BA
concentration combine with 80 g/L sucrose are
microrhizome to achieve highest (Fig.2).

Finally, white turmeric shoots to culture on the
MS medium to have 1 mg/L NAA supplemented
3 mg/L – 5 mg/L BA combine with 80 g/L
sucrose for the explants rate microrhizome
formation was highest to achieve from 75% to
91.67%.
3.3 The number of shoot white turmeric in vitro
to increase
In the 16 weeks after cultured, the results on table
3, the number of microrhizome to effected of BA
concentration and sucroser content.

21


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

Fig 2. The development of microrhizome in vitro on the white turmeric shoot on medium
supplemented 3 -5 mg/ L BA and 80 g/ L sucrose at 16 weeks after cultured
Table 3. Effect of BA concentration and sucrose on the number of to increase on microrhizome in
vitro after 16 weeks after cultured

Sucrose
concentration (g/L)

BA concentration (mg/L)
3

5

20

1.00 d

1.00 d

1.00 d

1.00 c

40

1.00 d

1.00 d

1.67 d

1.22 c

60

1.67 d

2.67 bc

1.00 d

1.78 b

80

3.67 a

3.00 b

2.33 c

3.00 a

100

1.67 d

3.00 b

1.33 d

2.00 b

120

1.00 d

1.00 d

1.00 d

1.00 c

1.67 b

1.94 a

1.39 c

Average (BA)
F (Experiment)

**

F (BA)

**

F (Sucrose)

**

F (BA x Sucrose)

**

CV (%)

7

Average
(Sucrose)

21.63

Note: The following letters were the same, the difference was no significant statistically: ** = the difference was
statistically significant at 1%

22


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

3.4 The weight of microrhizome white turmeric
in vitro

statistically significant at 1% as compared the
other experiment. Between on the experiment to
contain 80g/ L sucrose combine with BA
concentration 3 and 5 mg/L then microrhizome in

vitro weight to achieve 0.93 gram/ microrhizome,
the different was not statistically significant.

The results on table 4 represent the 16 weeks
after cultured, the sucrose content to have effect
on weight increase of microrhizome in vitro. The
sucrose content on 80 g/L to achieve highest
weight is 0.98 gram/microrhizome, the difference
was statistically significant at 1% as compared the
sucrose other in the cultural medium. The weight
microrhizome in vitro on sucrose content to 40
mg/L and 100 mg/L not the different was
statistically significant.

The microrhizome in vitro weight on BA
concentration (3, 5 and 7) the different was
statistically significant, the microrhizome in vitro
average weight archive 0.55 gram/microrhizome
after 16 weeks cultured. In general, the BA
concentration not effect to the weight increase of
microrhizome in vitro.

The results were statistically significant about
rhizome in vitro weight to increase all
experiments. The rhizome in vitro weight to
highest achieve on MS medium supplemented 3
mg/L BA and 80 g/L sucrose (1,08
gram/microrhizome),
the
different

was

So, the experiment to supplemented 80 g/ L
sucrose on MS medium with 1 mg/L NAA
combine BA concentration 3 -7 mg/ L for
microrhizome in vitro weight was highest.

Table 4. Effect of BA concentration and sucrose on up to weight (gram/microrhizome)
white turmeric in vitro after 16 weeks cultured.

Sucrose
concentration (g/L)

BA concentration (mg/L)
3

5

7

Average
(Sucrose)

20

0.50 fg

0.39 gh

0.29 hi

0.39 d

40

0.49 fg

0.64 e

0.59 ef

0.57 c

60

0.79 c

0.77 cd

0.59 ef

0.72 b

80

1.08 a

0.93 b

0.93 b

0.98 a

100

0.41 g

0.43 g

0.66 de

0.50 c

120

0.13 j

0.19 ij

0.08 j

0.13 e

0.57

0.56

0.52

Average (BA)

F (Experiment)

**

F (BA)

ns

F (Sucrose)

**

F (BA x sucrose)

**

CV (%)

12.88

Note: The following letters were the same, the difference was no significant statistically: ** = the difference was
statistically significant at 1%; ns= the difference was not statistically significant.

23


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

3.5 The diameter to increase of white turmeric
microrhizome

The sucrose content to effect on increase diameter
microrhizome in vitro. The sucrose content in
80g/L to have diameter highest gain was 10.05
mm, the difference was statistically significant at
1% as compared the sucrose content other in the
culture medium.

In the results on table 5, the BA concentration and
sucrose content to interact on the increase of
diameter of white turmeric in vitro microrhizome.
The BA concentration to effect on the diameter
increase of rhizome in vitro. In the BA
concentration 3 mg/L, the diameter of
microrhizome in vitro achieve highest was 8.10
mm, the difference was statistically significant on
1% as compared the BA concentration 7 mg/L,
but the difference was not statistically significant
than 5 mg/ L BA to achieve 7.8 mm.

The result of table 5 suggest that the different was
statistically significant about to increase diameter
microrhizome in vitro all experiment. The
diameter of microrhizome in vitro highest gain on
MS medium to supplement 3 mg/L BA and 80g/
L sucrose (13.7 mm), the difference was
statistically significant at 1% as compared the
experiment content other in the culture medium.

Table 5. The effect of BA concentration and sucrose diameter to increase of microrhizome (mm) on white turmeric

in vitro after 16 weeks after cultured

Sucrose
concentration (g/L)

BA concentration (mg/L)
3

5

7

Average
(Sucrose)

20

8.10 cde

8.00 de

5.60 gh

7.20 c

40

6.40 fg

8.30 bcd

8.40 bcd

7.70 c

60

9.30 b

8.60 bcd

6.90 f

8.20 b

80

13.70 a

9.10 bc

8.80 bcd

10.50 a

100

7.30 ef

8.50 bcd

6.50 fg

7.40 c

120

3.90 i

4.00 i

5.10 h

4.30 d

8.10 a

7.80 a

6.90 b

Average (BA)
F (Experiment)

**

F (BA)

**

F (Sucrose)

**

F (BA x sucrose)

**

CV (%)

7.23

Note: The following letters were the same, the difference was no significant statistically: ** = the difference was
statistically significant at 1%.

In general, the experiments was supplemented 3 –
5 mg/ L BA with 80g/L sucrose in MS medium
culture to contain 1 mg/L NAA for the diameter
of microrhizome to biggest gain after 16 weeks
after cultured (Fig 3.).

microrhizome formation of white turmeric in in
vitro condition to effect of BA concentration and
sucrose content interact. The white turmeric
shoots were culture on MS medium to
supplemented 80g/L BA combine 3 – 5 mg/L BA
and 1 mg/L NAA then the time microrhizome
induction was earlier, at the same time the

In summary, the results of target about

microrhizome production in vitro suggest that the
24


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

microrhizome induction, the microrhizome in
vitro formation rate, the number of microrhizome
production and microrhizome diameter were
decreased.

microrhizome in vitro formation rate, the number
of microrhizome production and microrhizome
diameter were highest. When the BA
concentration to increase 7 mg/L combine 100
mg/L and 120 mg/L sucrose then the time

Fig 3. The microrhizome diameter of white turmeric shoot were growth on the medium supplemented 3-5 mg/L
BA and 80 g/L sucrose in 16 weeks after 9 (cultured)

sucrose from 6 – 8% (w/v) was the most
important ingredient for formation in vitro tuber
on Diascoria composita. It suggests that the study
topic results concluded that, in the study to show
the medium MS supplemented 80 g/L sucrose for
the number of microrhizome in vitro was most.
The number of microrhizome in vitro was shortest
on the MS medium contain 20 g/L and 120 g/L
sucrose. The sucrose was role to promote
formation organ store in plant. When the sucrose

concentrate from 20 g/L to 80 g/L to show the
microrhizome in vitro formation to rate, the
number microrhizome, the weight microrhizome
and diameter microrhizome are increase. It
suggests that the show of carbon content in
sucrose and the white turmeric ingredients contain
carbohydrates and sucrose. The results of the
experiment showed the sucrose concentration in
the medium to effect on the formation
microrhizome in in vitro condition.

The result of the experiment suggests that the BA
concentration and sucrose content to effect
interact on microrhizome in vitro formation. On
the MS medium contain 1 mg/L NAA to
supplemented 80 g/L sucrose with 3-5 mg/L BA
for the time microrhizome induction, the
microrhizome formation rate, the number of
microrhizome productions, the weight and
diameter of microrhizome were highest. It
suggests that this BA concentration to effect on
transport carbohydrate content in the white
turmeric shoots. The result that similar of Nanak
(200), the number of microrhizome in vitro to
many formation on the medium supplemented
5mg/ L BA on C.aromatica Salisb.
In Curcuma sp species, the shoots were rhizome
formation to view when the medium to supply
sucrose concentration was 60 – 90 g/L (Nayak
(2000); Sunitabala et al. (2001). In addition, the

study about the formation zinger in vitro rhizome
of Sharma và Singh (1995), the sucrose
concentration was 75 g/L to effect in rhizome
formation. Sedigeh et al. (1998) to believe that the

In summary, the results showed the plant growth
regulator was role on cell division, dimensions of
shoot germination and the effect on size of
25


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

rhizome. The sucrose was effect in the growth
process of microrhizome in vitro, the development
of baby rhizome when the sucrose was highest,
the sucrose supplemented nutrient to growth
rhizome and rhizome induction, the rhizome was
formation and development.

moisture was provided by water spray twice a day
(humid 70 – 80%). The temperature was 28 – 30
0
C in the nursery step. The results showed, after 2
weeks plant on rice husk ash all the white
turmeric rhizome in vitro show shoots, leaves and
roots ( Fig. 5A). After 30 days planted on pot to
show the white turmeric from rhizomes in vitro
the root system was developed and deep in the
ground, the nursery plant was developed with 3 –

4 leaves, the plant was moved out off the pot and
planted in black plastic (Fig. 5B).

3.6 The Acclimatization of white turmeric in
vitro
The white turmeric rhizome in vitro were
harvested on the medium rhizome production,
clean wash agar and nursery on rice husk ash. The

A

B

Fig 5. The white turmeric rhizome in vitro to show shoot after 2 weeks cultured (A); the white turmeric from
microrhizome in vitro (B) after 30 days planted into pot.

4. CONCLUSION

Gopal, J., Minocha, J. L., & Dhaliwal, H. S.
(1998). Microtuberization in potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.). Plant Cell Rep, 17: 794-798.

The medium microrhizome production in vitro
was MS medium supplemented 3 mg/ L or 5
mg/L BA combine with 80 g/L sucrose.

Jeon, W. Y., Lee, M. Y., Shin, I. S., Jin, S. E., &
Ha, H. (2015). Curcuma aromatica Water
Extract Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Gastritis
via Enhancement of Antioxidant Status.

Eviddence based Complementary and
Alternative
Medicine,
1.
/>
5. RECOMMENDATION
Continue evaluation of the growth and
development of rhizome in vitro on nursery stage
of the white turmeric.
REFERENCE
Alizadeh, S., Mantell, S. H., & Viana, A. M.
(1998). In vitro shoot culture and microtuber
induction in steroid yam Dioscorea composita
Hemsl. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 53: 107112.

Lee, H. S., Lee, M. J., Kim, H., & Choi, S. K.
(2010). Curcumin inhibits TNFalpha-induced
lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)
expression and suppresses the inflammatory
response in human umbilical vein endothelial
cells (HUVECs) by an antioxidant mechanism.
J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem, 25, 720–729.

Duong Tan Nhut, Le Thi Diem, Dang Thi Thu
Thuy, & Nguyen Duy (2007). Effect of
sucrose, IBA, and other culture conditions on
in vitro corm formation of Gladiolus spp.
Journal of biotechnology, vol 5 (1): 67-75.

Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962). A Revised

Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays
26


AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol 7 (3), 17 – 27

with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Physiologia
Plantarum, 15, 473-497.

Ravindran, P. N., Nirmal, B. K., & Sivaraman, K.
(2007). Turmeric: The genus curcuma. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC.

/>
Sharma, T. R., & Singh, B. M. (1995). In vitro
microrhizome
production
in
Zingiber
officinale Rosc. Plant Cell Rep. 15: 274-277.

Nayak, S. (2000). In vitro multiplication and
microrhizome
induction
in
Curcuma
aromatica Salisb. Plant Growth Regulation,
32: 41- 47.

Sedigeh, A., Mantell, S. H., & Viana, A. M.

(1998). In vitro shoot culture and microtuber
induction in the steroid yam dioscorea
composite Hemsl. Plant Cell Tissue Organ
Cult., 53: 107-112.

Nayak, S., & Naik, P. K. (2006). Factors effecting
in vitro microrhizome formation and growth in
Curcuma longa L. and improved field
performance of micropropagated Plants.
ScienceAsia, 32: 31-37.

Sikha, A., Harini, A. & Hegde Prakash, L. (2015).
Pharmacological activities of wild turmeric
(Curcuma aromatica Salisb): a review.
Journal
of
Pharmacognosy
and
Phytochemistry, 3(5): p. 01-04.

Panich, U.,
Kongtaphan, K., Onkoksoong,
T., Jaemsak,
K., Phadungrakwittaya,
R., Thaworn,
A., Akarasereenont,
P., &
Wongkajornsilp, A. (2010). Modulation of
antioxidant defense by Alpinia galanga and
Curcuma aromatica extracts correlates with

their
inhibition
of
UVA-induced
melanogenesis. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 26, 103–
116.

Sunitibala, H., Damayanti, M., & Sharma, G. J.
(2001). In vitro propagation and rhizome
formation in Curcuma longa Linn. Cytobios
105: 71-82.

27