Lecture Intermediate accounting, (12th Edition): Chapter 3 - Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield
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The Accounting Information System
The Accounting Information System
Chapter
3
Intermediate Accounting
12th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Chapter
3-1
Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
1.
Understand basic accounting terminology.
2.
Explain doubleentry rules.
3.
Identify steps in the accounting cycle.
4.
Record transactions in journals, post to ledger accounts, and prepare a trial
balance.
5.
Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries.
6.
Prepare financial statement from the adjusted trial balance.
7.
Prepare closing entries.
8.
Explain how to adjust inventory accounts at yearend.
Chapter
3-2
Accounting Information System
Accounting Information System
Accounting
AccountingInformation
Information
System
System
The
TheAccounting
AccountingCycle
Cycle
Basic terminology
Debits and credits
Identification and recording
Journalizing
Basic equation
Financial statements and
ownership structure
Posting
Trial balance
Adjusting entries
Adjusted trial balance
Preparing financial
statements
Closing
Post-closing trial balance
Reversing entries
Chapter
3-3
Financial statements for
merchandisers
Accounting Information System
Accounting Information System
An Accounting Information System (AIS)
collects and processes transaction data and
disseminates the information to interested parties.
Chapter
3-4
Accounting Information System
Accounting Information System
Helps management answer such questions as:
How much and what kind of debt is outstanding?
Were sales higher this period than last?
What assets do we have?
What were our cash inflows and outflows?
Did we make a profit last period?
Chapter
3-5
LO 1 Identify the major financial statements and other means of financial reporting ..
Basic Terminology
Basic Terminology
Event
Transaction
Account
Real Account
Nominal Account
Ledger
Chapter
3-6
Journal
Posting
Trial Balance
Adjusting Entries
Financial Statements
Closing Entries
LO 1 Understand basic accounting terminology.
Debits and Credits
Debits and Credits
An Account shows the effect of transactions on a given asset,
Account
liability, equity, revenue, or expense account.
Doubleentry accounting system (twosided effect).
Doubleentry
Recording done by debiting at least one account and crediting
another.
DEBITS must equal CREDITS.
must equal
Chapter
3-7
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Debits and Credits
Debits and Credits
Account
An arrangement that shows the effect of
transactions on an account.
Debit = “Left”
Credit = “Right”
An Account can be
illustrated in a T
Account form.
Chapter
3-8
Account Name
Debit / Dr.
Credit / Cr.
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Debits and Credits
Debits and Credits
If Debit entries are greater than Credit entries, the account
greater than
will have a debit balance.
Account Name
Debit / Dr.
Credit / Cr.
Transaction #1
$10,000
$3,000
Transaction #3
8,000
Balance
Chapter
3-9
Transaction #2
$15,000
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Debits and Credits
Debits and Credits
If Credit entries are greater than Debit entries, the account
greater than
will have a credit balance.
Account Name
Debit / Dr.
Transaction #1
Balance
Chapter
3-10
$10,000
Credit / Cr.
$3,000
Transaction #2
8,000
Transaction #3
$1,000
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Debits and Credits Summary
Debits and Credits Summary
Normal
Normal
Balance
Balance
Debit
Debit
Debit / Dr.
Normal
Normal
Balance
Balance
Credit
Credit
As s e t s
Credit / Cr.
Normal Balance
Chapter
3-24
Eq uit y
Credit / Cr.
Debit / Dr.
Lia b ilit ie s
Debit / Dr.
Credit / Cr.
Normal Balance
Normal Balance
Chapter
3-23
Ex pe ns e
Debit / Dr.
Re ve nue
Chapter
3-25
Credit / Cr.
Debit / Dr.
Normal Balance
Chapter
3-27
Chapter
3-11
Credit / Cr.
Normal Balance
Chapter
3-26
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Debits and Credits Summary
Debits and Credits Summary
Balance Sheet Income Statement
Asset
= Liability + Equity
Revenue - Expense =
Debit
Credit
Chapter
3-12
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Basic Accounting Equation
Basic Accounting Equation
Relationship among the assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity of
a business:
Illustration 33
The equation must be in balance after every transaction. For every
Debit there must be a Credit .
Chapter
3-13
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
1. Invested $32,000 cash and equipment valued at $14,000 in the
business.
Assets
+ 32,000
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
+ 46,000
+ 14,000
Chapter
3-14
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
2. Paid office rent of $600 for the month.
Assets
600
Chapter
3-15
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
600 (expense)
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
3. Received $3,200 advance on a management consulting engagement.
Assets
+ 3,200
Chapter
3-16
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
+ 3,200
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
4. Received cash of $2,300 for services completed for Shuler Co.
Assets
+ 2,300
Chapter
3-17
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
+ 2,300
(revenue)
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
5. Purchased a computer for $6,100.
Assets
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
+ 6,100
6,100
Chapter
3-18
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
6. Paid off liabilities of $7,000.
Assets
7,000
Chapter
3-19
=
Liabilities
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
7,000
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
DoubleEntry System Exercise
DoubleEntry System Exercise
7. Declared a cash dividend of $10,000.
Assets
=
Liabilities
+ 10,000
+
Stockholders’
Stockholders’
Equity
Equity
10,000
Note that the accounting equation equality is maintained after
Note that the accounting equation equality is maintained after
recording each transaction.
recording each transaction.
Chapter
3-20
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Ownership Structure
Ownership Structure
Ownership structure dictates the types of accounts that are part of the
equity section.
Proprietorship or
Proprietorship or
Partnership
Partnership
Corporation
Corporation
Capital Account
Common Stock
Drawing Account
Additional Paidin
Capital
Dividends Declared
Retained Earnings
Chapter
3-21
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
Corporation Ownership Structure
Corporation Ownership Structure
Illustration 34
Balance Sheet
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
(Investment by
Common Stock (Investment by
stockholders)
stockholders)
Dividends
Retained Earnings
(Net income
Retained Earnings (Net income
retained in business)
retained in business)
Net income or Net loss (Revenues less
(Revenues less
expenses)
expenses)
Income Statement
Income Statement
Statement of Retained Earnings
Chapter
3-22
LO 2 Explain doubleentry rules.
The Accounting Cycle
The Accounting Cycle
Illustration 36
Transactions
9. Reversing entries
1. Journalization
8. Postclosing trail balance
2. Posting
7. Closing entries
3. Trial balance
6. Financial Statements
Work
Sheet
4. Adjustments
5. Adjusted trial balance
Chapter
3-23
LO 3 Identify steps in the accounting cycle.
Transactions and Events
Transactions and Events
What to Record?
FASB states, “transactions and other events and circumstances
that affect a business enterprise.”
Types of Events:
External – between a business and its environment.
Internal – event occurring entirely within a business.
Chapter
3-24
LO 3 Identify steps in the accounting cycle.
Review “Transactions and Events”
Review “Transactions and Events”
External
Internal
Not Recorded
1.
A supplier of a company‘s raw material is paid an amount
owed on account.
External
2.
A customer pays its open account.
External
3.
A new chief executive officer is hired.
4.
The biweekly payroll is paid.
External
5.
Raw materials are entered into production.
Internal
6.
A new advertising agency is hired.
7.
The accountant determines the federal income taxes owed based
on the income earned.
Chapter
3-25
Not Recorded
Not Recorded
Internal
LO 3 Identify steps in the accounting cycle.
