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Advanced
Student's
Book


Ci Ask the public
A curious science
QUICKREVIEW...
to talk aboutwotk:dead'en4deadlines:
Workin pairs.Usethesewords/phrases
a pittance.A Have
run-of-the-nillthigh-poweredt
flexibleiperk;demanding;pay
Iworked.-.you evethada high-powercdjob?
B Yes,
onesummer

Vocabutarywordswith
differentbut retatedmeanings
Crammar formalandinformal
waysof comparing
Reviewworkexpressions

Reading
andVocabulary
quirky / kw3rki/ddj unusual
in
way
anatkactiveandinleresting

-.-.:/-

r..,

i,/

r. ,r, /J..r

..!i

r

.._

a) Somescientistsspecialisein
researching quirky human behaviour.
what kind of hunran behavioff in th€
picture do you tbink is betug
investtated?
b) Read e$racts A C and lnalch them
to headings l-3.
2 Brcaking the rules
3 lhe poNer of lhe subconscious
c) Read the extucts ngain. Tick the
true s€ntences.Co ect the lalse ones.
1 The ailn ofTrinkhaus! res.arch \as
to itr\estig:te the belialiour ol
2 Some o[ lh{: supennarket chcats
tound a $av of avoiding tlic ten
itens or le$'ei rule.

3 rinldaus believesthat s(lneD vaD
drivers drive faster thaD mcD on
a Dutch pslchologisrs carde.l out an
elperiment Lrsingprotessorsan.l
football hooligans.
5 Both thc Dulch and r\rnedcan
researchprole rhat people are hclped
by positive thiL'tking.
6 The xorld! tunnies{ ioke s'as one
7 It is possible thaLcertain sounds
rnake people look and feel cheertul.
d) which ofthe pieces of research did
you lind the most interesting? $'hy?

JOHN TRINIGUS, of rhe Zicklin
School of Busin€ss,studies
ordinary p€opl€ goinil about
their everyday lives. On€ of his
sp€cialitiesis the strdy of
dishon€st or anti-social
b€luviour. In lris 25 vcan ol
research,onc group oi pcoplc
has conlc to stand out as
decidediy mofe likely than
othcrs to push boundaries.These
arc not djsaffecte{]teenagerl or
noisy football supporterl. Th€y
are women van oDvert.
TrinkhauYs linding is perhaps
bert illultrated by his extensive

work secretlymonitoring a
supenDarkett 'ten items or felcer'
checkout over a period of nine

],'ears.r\s lnany of us have se€n
for ourselv€s,'Iiinkhaus found
that somc shoppcrs using this
lanc oftcn had somev"hatmor€
ilcms lhan lhcy should ln iheir
baslct' somc cunningly placcd
their items in groups of len and
paid for each group separatcll
He found that a very hiSh
p(rportnrn ot these supermarket
lane cheats sere femile van
drivers. Furthermore, he has
shown that a good deal more
r4'omenthan men van clrivers
break the sp€edlintt, $rhich he
suspectsis becaus€they may
have an unconsclous need to
out-do bchaviour assoclatcd
rvith mcn.


.TWO RECINT studiesharc suggcstcdthat
'nost people are totall)" unawarc of thcir
reaso'rslin behaving a! they do.
In l99lt trro Dutch plychologirts aslicd
half a gmup ot volurrteersto c$y out

a limple rnental exercne thi't involved
imagining the mincisetof a typical
university professor the other half
imagined a football hooligan. All then
had to answ€r solne generalknowl€d8e
qucstions.Thc pcoplc ln the prof€ssor
group got l4t/o morc ans$'crs.orrcct,
dcspilc thc tacr thal lhcrc llas barely any
difference in their actual lcvcl oi

6A

HelpwithGrammar
Se Preview,
p55.
(],

Iocusing on the body rathef than lhc
min.l, relearchersat Ne*'York Unjlersjq
askedone Sroup ol volunteersto do a
nrelltal task involving w(trds relating to
old age,such lts 'wrinkl€d' and 'grq,'. A
secondgroup were shown words un.elated
to old ag€.th€ res€archersthen said ihe
experim€nt \!as orer and s€cretlyrecordecl
th€ time each participant took to wilk
down the long hail$?y to the exit.
Thosc wilh old agc on thcir nlnd took
significaDtly longcr lo walk down thc
So 1t se€nrrthat if p€oplc had marglnally

more tinre tu thlnl about whal lhcy had
to clo, it would heD thc'n p€rtoml cithcr
better (r worlel) than normal at bolh
nrental and Phvsicalta1ks.

' , , - v w ' , u r eb f i t r s l l
A s s o o a t i ofno r , h a ^ / , , . ^ - ^
) c , e n c ew e m i n j e d , r h
o r r h e ; ; ; ; ; s ;',unrret
,-"'d(emenr or
€.kperimentInvotvedpeoDt
ioke. thF
tr'-'"

FoRMAL

a) Look at thc highlighted{'ords/phrasesh rhe extracts.$hich
(pink or blue) indicite N)a big difference?b) a
}yords/phrases
small diflereD(c?
INFORMAL
b) Look at the infonnal wordtphrases in bold in these statemenrs.
$ihich indicate a) a l,ig difference? b) a snall difference?
u | ', . DFI:to

- o d " r D " o pe

loads..nore
tinr€by rslnCthe
i o;;'.-'

r;;;iilA;;t'l
i.-Y:1g€jn
- ----'-....----'
'(
I t h i n k t h ed l c k j o k ei s m i l e sf u n n i etrh e nt h e o t h e f s

-ir . "ii"yiii " ". onoF,,,
..,hd,
I ^"1.!",r',1, 1110
Some rlltornal phrasesqirh nor ds ... .N can shoq'bjg
diftcrenccs: Clrr.riirg in d srydlnathet lsn't hauhearlJ/ah!-^herc nedt
ds a,[l'so.idi .rsdri]tr.g tu, fdsr -!j)c.dr8 rs ,r .} xob.
SorneLr orDal phrasessirh
llc rrf (s can shonvery sfrall
difiererces: On. .gmrtt l.fcl oJ i"k]lgc,r.. wds pr€rt:t ucltlnore ot
IesVnuclr thr sanr as thc ortrcrs.Th|lt ttos hardlt tlnJ Ai.lFren.t

c) Chcckin

@

rhei''ore5
onrodw;b;;ie"#;:fl;,Xil
ff#;l[j,";|,,

ifl:ril:;.rrr
ffifi[i::fiilff"L-ni::
r.,"

pr3l

a) Completcthesesentcnceswith your olvn ide^s.
1 I earning languagcsis marginall) inore chatlcngmg
2
3
a
5
6
7

... aft'a good dcal lasrer th.rn
. . . i s s i g n i t i c a D t ll]e s ss a f et l a n . . .
... is decid€dl,vnore srylisl than ...
... afe soneNhat less dang€rousthan ...
. . . i s d i s L i D c t LL)e s sh e a l t h vl h a n . . .
is barely ant more exp.-nsjle thdn ...

b) work in pairs. Compare sentences.Do you agree
{ith your partner's sentenccs?

m#fi***$#w

a) Makc comparisons with these words/pluases
ancl the adjectives in blackets. Use informal
words/phrases ftom 2b).

##-#ffi

1 teenagers/elderllpeople/ (selfish)
Ieenaqersare way nare selfkhthan elderlypeaple.

2 eating at home/ealingn a restaurant (lun)
3 gomg to l\'ork/going to school Giring)
a being nraraed/beingsingle (goo.l for vour healrh)
s havnrg a barMuying a shotrer (relaxing)

may
exprd,n
why
rhe,ound
i;:;Jff;:,ilXl"ool#l

b) work in groups. Say your s€ntences.Do you
agree? why?A\rht not?


HelpwitfiVocabulary
sonicrDcs onc r\od cu hd\c (r' rl|)]flrl) (lillc||fl ]rtinifgs

I.dD!Dl]l.

ont/lr train tr roi Jlo'rD ldr. sJr.n.rrrsrolrrin ro1)..r1,s-\.lDlogv
Somcrinics
orlc\\ordcrr lrr\c d ll((fl frcrnlngs
br( thc mfaning5
a|1:
fclatc.l:I l,f nfdrJ,f ifns ro.i.r)L11..|r3 t,l.l]on
ffi

a) I ook at thc {ortls in bold nr A. \larch then to th delidftns in B.
l ihe wanted ro put on oaa sockseveryd.y.

2 I t w a so d d t h a r h e d i d n l p h o n e .

B
a) rtrangeor !nexpe.ted

sweet.
3 i'lis daughters reaLty
Da* cho.olate isnt sweet enoughfor me.
5 Theyhoppedo!t of the top of her swe.t-"r
6 He s alrlaystop of the class.

l-istening
af!dv$cabN.i!ary
#

t h e h i g h e spt o n t o r p a r ti n d i s t a n coer q u a l i t yt o p

clawl a hedge chickeiwire
glamorousty patrol a stuffedtoy
a p€bble wlnd up

riusratorpe.rtiar

c) Look ar thcse phrascs. All 1hc lyords in bold are rriated ir
mcaning. ['b^t do vou think is the general meannrg of each group?
I
2
:
a
s

lisrcD to tour lriends
b)
lalliirg abour srr.tige behaliour.
which stor) docs rhc piclure
illustratel

a branch of a trcc; a branch ol r brrk: a branth ol scrncc
fccl flat: a flai piccc oI La[cl;this LeLronerltis flat
hrrr: a break lor cotfcc: trreak r wndcur trreak Llrt hr
plain prpcr: plain looc| a platu tacc
h.a1y naftict a hear"l coaL:a heary slecper
pll2.

d) Chcck

c) Iistcn ag.rh. Complete thcs€
sunnrancs usirlg orle \\'ord.

dp

? l r , l l r nr l r '. - . r rss i r hq o r r l .l r o | n6 i , o r b o .
\\i'ha.l
snor hcrc rt Lhewecheml
I finrl
shocs mucir moLe conrlorLtble Lhrrr lrrtls
l.l prcti:r r
clrfcr to r partLrncd drL.
\Vhcrc ar. vou itoing Lof

2 4 \ r l r l i c t x l l i c d. b o r l t h r n r i n
\ h o r L l r i ) s g c l so r r i r l l r c
cn.l0l

e) the hlghestparr
r) |re most sLr.cesstuL

ti) Nl,llch these general nrcaDnrgst0 thc fairc o{ lrords nr 6a).

4 checL lhe neaninss of thcse
{1)rds/prIrases.

r a) \TIrini hrd to frc((.t her
finn rh. Lbir,i.
b ) \ V I . n r h c s p c r l i c fl L r l , f c l
l \ ' i , rr i n r . t h c . ! b b L r sc r r i r f o u l . l

d) charming,attractive

5

LraMgLr c,f 1 Lrig i,,sui
L h N tN . L l d 1 | ] b u ! i l .

LllL t rrL l

ct coLpdtr)l

b) \\i'rk h piirs. Think of five rnorc sentenccsusnrgNords from 6a)

b) ilc rh!i\.s \allis up rill do\n.
looliinsfor rhc tLrlLcl

aDd 6c).

3 4 T h . c o u | l c o n t l , . l m l t L ' s . dr o
lif. ut rhcif
irtthf
b ) T h c o r h c r t N s s c [ g . r sa l \ ! i \ s
a 4 K . i r h d r i n h sh b l l r l ( g i i l
.ollc.ts
so thrl 5h. rnd
h.f fdcn(Ls.Nn
rh.nl
b) \h. frcr.fs ro \\.rr
d] \rhich ot this beha\ioN d
fitr.l rhc quirldestl

)ou

,fta

€;tr

\ l r l . , . r o t . . . o , ,t l n u r r r - r r rL
l . r l ' r r " l l . r r r 1 r . ' 1 , 1, ,, r r L n ' , s .
'
n
\
n

L s c i l l c s c r d c J s! r \ o u r
lood

dp

rrrincs

mNsirnnrs

.h)thnr!

pcls

oalclling

a)\\b* in s(rps. rrlk rbo(t rhcpcoptein s. .{sk foilo\\'npquestions.
l'1ybrothefalwiyseats.erealwltholt anynr lk on lt
b) Tcll rh€ cl.rss .ibo(r (he unusual behaviour I'our group discussed.


But is it ethical?
QUICKREVIEW. O.
for thesewordsi
write two phGses
sweetiodd;plain;heavyt
flat.Wotk
in pairsandconpareyourphrases:
A sweetcoffeeB a sweetsmile

Vocabularywordpans

Crammar positionof adverbiats
Reviewwordswith differentbut
felatedrneanings

pairs
Vocabulary
word
a) Tick the phrases in bold
that you knorv. Check new
phrasesin tli',*:* pl32.
r a Do you walch much TVI
B Not reall)'.I cantake it or
2 A Do you everbuy things
online?
B Yes,on .rnd off.
3 A Do Iou rhink ad canpaigns
aroundal the momert are
B

Sone aft:,bul somearea bit hit and
whcn you go to lhe supernarket,do
rou alwayschoosed1esane brands?
No, I tend to pick and choose
Wlul do ) ou thid( canirak€ or

br€ak an ad cxmpaign?
B \ J ' , ' a . r t s r . r - l r . '. t a c h a n d e r e r )
one is diff€rent.
6 A Do you think TV adv€rtisirlgis part
and parcel of evcryday life?

e . r , 1 l y ; , ' . t s U r| . 1 . B . r r i c l . a n d r i r € d
of seeing thc same ones over and
ov€r agair.
7 A Can you thiDk ofa product rvhich
took off in leaps and bounds?
B Yes,the iPo.l.
b) work in pairs. How 'vould you reply
to A's q(estions in 1a)?.

Listening
a) Look at adverts A and B. Do you ldlow
them? Do )'ou like the desigr?
b) l'tii,ii ri lr,j : Listen to craham and
Lindsa)', who have a background in
advertising, talking about th€ adverts.
$hat are their opinions?
c) work in pairs. Compare an$vers. Do
you agee {ith Gmham and Lindsat

@

t) ii ,:it,, tot"" . Grahamagainand choosethe correctanswers
1 Graham srll worksluied ro wort in advetising.
2 \\tat he liked abour th€ Coca Cola adven $as .he deslg,o/
the battLe/theeffe.tiveness
of the4o9an.
3 He thought the ddvert shouldhavementianed/didn
tneedto nentian
the name o[ the product.
a He associaLedthe wor.I'real' \ith being ardinarylwell being.

5 He points out that the slogan'irls the reil rhing 6/6r't a coninnrn
b) i., iir:ri t-i"t"" to t-i"a"ay again and choose thc corect an$\'ers.
1 I indsa) was lnpressed bI th€ iPod advert becauseof rLsybual
effect/ ap p eaL to you nq peap Le.
2 She thinks iPod advers arc informative/nenorabLe.
3 She thinks iPods are popular becausethey nake peoplelool
t rendy/ affer a convenient way of lkte ning.
a Sle has/wauLrlLikeai iPod of her oivn.
5 She believesthar other a.lvertiserswilllwo,'t be influenced bv Ge
iPod campaign.
c) Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1 $rould you ever consjder a careerir narkctirlg or adyerdsing?
2 Ilyou were Io go inro adyerLisiru,woukl you pref.r io be a
cop)avriteror a designef
3 re young people in your counLryvery image consciousl Whar
are dre luusl-ha\e products or brands at the mornenrl


6B

IS DEAD
ADUERTISII{G
iir As advertisersadopt increasinglysneakyways
charts
iiijji;of sellingtheir proaucts,Leo BenedictLrs
'buzz'
'stealth'
marketing.
and
i#ij the riseof

Thesedays it's quitenomalto reqardall formsof
age
a long,golden
enjoying
withloathing.Afler
marketing
the publichasnow
commercials,
oi witty,imaginaiive
literate'*lo betaken
toocynical-0I'marketing
become
for
TheaveEgeAmeican,
adverlising.
in by lraditional
every
to around3,000messages
is exposed
example,
to
message-maker
foreachindividual
days0it isdifficult
gelnoliced.
for the Jutureol traditional
Evenmorc dangelous
lhatil
of evidence
hasbeentheaccumulation

advertising
years
aqo
which
a
sludy
a
lew
was
nolonget
work.There
in
the
US
television
campaigns
only
l8%
of
showed
that
suggesling
that
generated
oninvestment,
return
a positive
s
andcrealive,
wayslff a modern

successful
however
mostTVadvertising,
litUemorethana funwayior a company oneofthemostpopular
heartis by
brandto win the consumer's
10waslets money,
performing
gooddeedsfor them,thereby
has
It is frornthiscrisisthal marketing
genentinq
positive
inl0malion,0r
unofficial
emergedinlo ils next revolution. 'buz, aboul
Thecompany
could
lhebrand.
it'sno ongerwhat
Intereslingly,
thistime
0rii could
offerextravalueio ih custome$,
or howthey perform
saythalis changing,
brands
publc
someaci of sponsoled
"Previously

advertisinq
\ou
it,
but
where.
whar
rhink
say
phoru\
do
,,
'L.
t*r
O
renovation
ofa
muchseftlce,
such
as
lhe
@
had speciiicfoms," saysTomHimpe,
Ho$ .uc(ttJul do
uas bcing..rdterritcdl
poolin Brlxton
in iheUK,
lovedswimming
is Dead- LongLive paid
auihotot Advefttsing
you think the carnpaignswere?

laQe
waterByorganising
forbyEvian
'What
"
,4dvedlslrgllf youaskedsomeone,
iuning
evenls,
Nike
has
also
football
and
words.
b) Chcck the neaning ofthese
ls advertising?'
theywouldsaybillboards, generaled
postiveword-of-mouth
forilself,
newspaper
ads, cinemaand so on.
fundrais
ng,such
as it haswilhcharitable
sndaky dnical iterate betakenin
However,
these days every possible
as ther 2005 'Standup SpeakUP'
is
a message

meansof communicating
lnnovativeword-of-mduthfindraising
wristbands
againstracisfir.
with."
beinqusedandexperimenled
people,
wouldprel€r
'stealth'and
oneimagines,
lvlost
c) Readthe article. What is
An extiemelyinnovativeand witty
pooL
thanan
a
new
swimming
to receive
'buzz' marketingl
wasal a
example
oJthisexperimentation
rnarketing
out of Evian's
ad campaign
where a
recentwhalingconfetence,
a good
Likewise,

il is probably
d) work in pairs. Discussthese
group fitied budget.
Geman animal-welfare
thng that Nikeandmanyothefbrands
causinq
insidelhe bathrcoms,
capsules
proportion
of
now spendan incrcasing
1 u/hy :r{:n'tpcopleas easilypersuadc{]
the taps to gush'blood'.And a New
rnoney
on charityworkratherthan
their
as thev usedto be?
founda nove
by adYerrs
channel
Zealand
television
tlrese
Whethet
onerespects
commercials.
its showng of ihe iilm
2 Why may it Dotbe nonh spendingtoo
wayot promoting
for theiretforhor despises

companies
fhe lnvisibleManby ettinga dogrcam
niuch on televisloncoumercialsl
is a
themlor tryngt0 buyone'srespect
canpalgns
lhe streets,wearinga lead wilh an
3 Ho\ arecurtnt advertising
rrruslmake
thateachconsumer
declsion
invisible
ownerl
.litterentfron previousoms?
forhlm orlrersell,
'Slealth' advertisinqof this kind
a ln whal situationscanindirecl
Thewholewoid hasa poinioi vewlhat
advertisjngbe tolerated?
of fallingpublic
lhe problem
overcomes
oihe6to sharctheyhopeto convince
5 lD $,hatsituationscaniDdirect
interestby leapingolt ai consumers whether
linancially
motivated
t0
they
are

acllerlisinghaverhe oppostteeffecrot
theirattention
andgrabbing
unannounced
io
disagree
if
do
so
or
not,
We
are
allfree
Nhat wasintended?
ls probably
by force.Beingintftrsive
if
we
et
we
wish,
And,
sometimes,
6 h Nh?l \aa)'shas Nike succeededin
Jorgivableif the advedising s
ourselves,
we maypreferto be€vethe
gaiDrnggoo.l publiciq' for itseln
lf ovetused

ninglydone.However
enterta
we are the onlyones
hype.Ultimately,
antagonises
it somelimes
7 whI does the writer believe thrl
or donebadly,
whatwewantto believe,
whocandecide
people
t0
theirrcsistance
andincfeases
adv€nising is ultimatcly not ioo
andwhatwewantto buy.
memessaqe,
lromthe6rarda,3o/01/07
Adapted

andGrammar
Reading


6B
$

a) rrrrchrh. nourr.ALrb.
in blucirrrh :rrrr(1,
ro rhcr dcfiniri.n.

u t r ' . r , h . , o r r c ,- ,n , ( n , , r t h . , , , . r , < . 1

@

thc mistahes. Sot11etinestherc is nore rhan
one possible answc..

r a r c l u s a lr o a c c c f t s o n r t h i n g
2 an a(enift 1o rnlrkr pcoplc tccl thrt sonr.rhing is good,
i n r f o r l r r r , c L c .b y l e l l o n ga b o u ti t i n t h e n r e d i a
3 b u i l c l l r i tr c p a i r s
' L r " r l , , r . , . , , , J , , l
5 l h c i n c r e a s co r c o l l r c l i o no { r l r r n g so \ c . a p c r i f t t o l n e
6 h a s a s l r o n gd i s l i l e o l s o m e oi e o r s o m . d l i n g
7 a d m i r c ss o m c o n el o r h a r i n g g o c x l c d so r q u a L i t i c s
3 annovs somebo.l) badl\

1 Pcople l,l(e soncrines rhe .rdycns on
rclc\.ision bcner tldn rhc progrlnrhcs.
2 Advrrts on billboads in thc furure sill
3 I eyLr an las.inarcd b.- car advcns, and l
a I always tolloF nc$ lashidr LrcD.lssirll

b) Work in groups. Discuss these qu€stions.

s Thc srDlc brands elen rcrr liar,c thc mosL
popunr producrs
6 Pcoplc sill defnrilel\ losc intcrcst ]n
'slc.rlth'advcnising

1 Do \'ou thnrk peotlc are manipuhled b) lhe Dcdir? \\'hV
2 ls stcalth and btrzz marhcrnrg comnron ir lour countryi Gile
c x a m p l e si t p o s s i b l e .

HelpwithGrammar

@

b) worh in pairs. CoDrl,are ansDers. Do lou
agre€ *'ith the sentcnces? \\'h,v?n\tly norl

p55.
SeePreview,
a) I ook at the adverbialsh bold in the article.Ilarch rhcm to
calegones| /.
2 rnne(r/rls
srr!'rfr)
r manner(i.,tf L!.ll)
(.tl.nJ
a indehnltclfeqlLenc)

7 ChLldrcDoften s.c producrs rhcv wani ro

s lclcL ot ccrtainrl (tois ,))
6 comDlcnt olii,ush)
7 .letiritc tucquenc,vfun

Nor all adlei-bjalshale onc lixcd positiD in a .lause or
scnlcncc.If)ou arc unsurc,Lhcs.g€neralgu chres nray heh )oLr

Front

comnlenl: S&'?risirgb. il Dor[i.]
level of cerldtu(y: MdJbcrh..(nurrign triil su..c..l

l4id

(soLlc) indcfinite frequnry: .slr.i dh'a)6 righr
(nDc) level of c.rtainty, H.'ll d.fnit€b $i,.

End

maurer: thr1 norft lrard.
place: sl,ii at tfte olf@.
tim.: I ht tltlrtft (atnt ott a y@( 'go
definit€ frcquency: rrl ro.ro.rsc €r..'l .la
indefinitc frequency ($itl long a.llcrbials): I wo,[ (l
ho,,. fl€,:y so oJren

whcrt there arc sevcnl a.herbialsat thc erd of thc cLeusc,the
usual order is Dranncr,place.ri.re: -sh.sdngl'lrdurilull! tr l,r.

FOCU5ING
ADVERBIAL5

Put thc adverbials in brackers iD thlr €orrecr
phce nr thcse s€ntences.
r l . I i d i s l i k el a l n g t o . l o h o u s e \ o d ( (
(at seehends; al\ya,!s:oblrrsi!)
, 1 Nill ( do rhe run I to reisc nnnc) Ior

clarir)l (irfobNbhr on sarur.la))
3 I o n e o f m v c s s a r sN n l I b e t ! ! s h c . l ( .
( d c l n i t e h i b v t h e n ]o n l v )
a ^ . nI car l br.aks dowl (
($ithout anv Narningi .rLxlovingh: oicn)
s rhat actressis ,( nrore popular rhan her
brother ( ({:\eni rlicse dals)

Choose an advertising can'rpaigr rhat vou
think is or {as very effective. tr{akc notes
'

tlic product bejnil rdlerLisc.l
the sr_vle.rndconLcnLo[ thc lds
slogansor cat.LphrNses
r h c r a r g e lD r a r h e t
$'h) lhe cantprign sas sr..csslul
your opinLon ol thc carnplign

FocLrsingadrefbialscone bclor Lhcr orcVplirasc{c wanr
b) How docs the position of the focusi4 acherbial in botd in
these senten(es change the meaning?
1 a ) J a n . r n d I o n l y $ o r k c d o r t h e V c r l k s w a g ernd v r r t .
b) Onlyjan ancl I woll2 a) Jo.ls becn cvcrv\,hcrc Hr'-seven beco 1o Tong..
b) Nlorc peoplc arc going Io Tongr Eyenlocs bcen Gcrc.

c) Checkin

pl34-

a) $brk in groups ofthree. Take LurDsto
talh about the advertisnrg canpaign )-ou
chose. $hich campai$ does the group
think is or was th€ best?
b) Tell the cl,tss about th€ adverrising
canpaign yo(r group chose.


. submissions
must be ii E.g sh.
. We don't pay for your slories,but we do atrafge
for them to be recordedby profe$ionaacto6.
. Storiesnrlst be lict ona and work wel on radio.


6C
a) Thcscvc$s are used 1or
dunraric cffcct.Check thrir
tlll. Ihen

a)
Listcn tojohn NlcRaes tips li)r inroling
the gaps in these noles.

complctc scntences l-7 *ith the
conclt fi)rm ol onc ol the \erbs.

.

caJ€ig Leapup grab stormout
nudge hiss drag

.

pa(sps, rhythm ad drress
ro^9eof livelyru*d.s(e.9.

. vorl the
. b@ldup+he

Rea World

a listcner Fill in

, ad{ec1ives,

)

o\d the
(perhopsuuke,1 nore scarl y holdsudrhng

.
r KiFri Lrr(d ro eajqlc Janresinro
srr\ A lor rlrf fresrrralior
2 Janrcs
ol the roou \!hen
h . r c d l i s r di r $ a s t r l i n r f - s l r a r e
i n . t l l n n , r sX i r s r i
hNes

c a n . u p r o r l r e i ru b l e .
1(i61i
to l.rnrfs th.rr lhe)
N . r r o r L g t o r t r eb a i i k .
KrrsLi
J r r n e ss o l l r a l s h e
c o u L ig
L L r cL r i r rr L s s .
KLEtr
l a r n c so L r ro l l l r c
cLLrLr
to gcl thc .)one)l
\like
l r h e s 1 ( )1 ! a r nh r n
t l L r lK i , s r s . r s f o m i n g .

b) \\orh iD pairs. Put thc scDtenccs
in the order they happcned.Givc
norc infonnation about cach

"f "".e "s yoatelllke drory
. gtved a lloqr 1o n^al.eswe 1[e lidr?rc/ e^loysi+
b) lvhat do you think d lrrisr i,1 lh. t.dl Drcansl

a ) r l r i r r t, ' l a - r o n r l , a r\ o u s o u l d l i k . r o r . l l . R ( , H ' n l f l r - r n n
d
t J t (rr,
,
/lv' t'c .urrr, , dor, or r iul( . | .c rhc.. id(d\ !'r ),r,r .$ n.
a n . ' n b a D a s s u r g a n r u s i nsgi r L r r U o \no u ! . b c e ni n

e meerilg or rclaiionship Lh.I chrngcd )our Litc
a Nondcrlul or clisasrroLrs
hdidNy
e parr\. or cclebrarion \ou yc .rLlended
e m c n o r v l r o n l o r L rc l r i l d h o o d
b) Plan your stor}., using Iolnr N,lcRaettips ftom ?a). Nlakc rores,
bur dont write rhc *fulc stonr.

Real
World
\Vc c.n usc thesctcchniquesio add irncrcsl lo a slor):
'l98Z.Ihen
Short,dramatic
t was
nry llck changed

5entences

me, I thought she rnust be lookinq at
someone behind tue. The. she smiled aqain
and beckoned to me. I cringe to recal how I
literally pointed to mysef a.d mouthed "Me?"
She laughed and nodded. ply stomach
.see yo! later ldds," I whispered to my
mates. "Yolrs l.u y has other fish to fry."
I knew they'd look to see where I was going,
but r€sisted the urge to turn rolnd and g oat
when I reached Kirsti. I led her over to a
quiet corn€r of the club and we chatted. I
kept talklng too qu ckly and sayinq st!pid

things, K rsti didn't seem to notice, thouqh.
she seemed to be hanqinq on my every
word, After the host bllssf!l4s min!tes,
Klrsti had to 9o, I was just pluck nq !p the
courage to ask to see her agal. when she
suggested meeting up ror a bite to eat the
folowing evening. a local restaurant at
8 p . m ? D o n ' t b e a s n g l ef f i n L t eL a t e ,s"h e
pouted, As ifl I was outslde the .estalrant on
rhe dot of elght. A big burly ffan eyed me.

Aaaptedlran The Ttnes 02/OslA4

A rangeof verbforms

lt took me a fuLlten m nutesto realise
where
I was.f,le.t. t me sharepresentation?
Do
reatlylookthe sortof peron who wo!la buy
a shareln a hotdayhome?

DescriptiveLanguage

lVystomachsomersaultei.

A mixture of direct
and indirectspeech

prot€ned,blt shefrowned,

shoong me
atong."There!no t me"

ldiomaticlanguage

A bigbl]nymaneyedme.

A personaIcomment
at the end

Time-share
scams
area thingof thepast
thes€days... a bit of a shame,really.

c) \\brk in pairs.Tal€ ttrrns to practisetcllilrg ).our stodes.
d) $brk in groupsand tell ]our stories.Is thcrc one vou all preferl

Writing
Fxtension
a) \\tite ).our stor,vas ifyou *'ere going to submit it to
sho(storl'radio.com.
b) Rcadother students stories.
Looh at the song Chd-strgC.ll-son p107.
Follow the inslrucrions.


6 Review

Language Summary6, p]32

a) Look at thes€ pairs ol sent€nces.
Do they have the same ntaning? lt
not, {hat is G€ difiererce?
r a) \kitiDg in Englisli is deciclcdl)
hardcr th.rnspeakingil.
b) \tidng itr Inglish is
sonc$luL hlrclcr Lhan
spealting iI.

2 u ) L€Lrne gel you anothcr coke
b\' no\!
Life seems! bit
no$ all rhe excitc ent is ovc.

3 4 I $,or1tbe long, I 111juslon
n) cotrce ...
H.ve )ou eler

2 a) Organic lood is signilicantL)
nDrc erpensile fian non
b) Orgdnic lood is barely an,v
more erPenstte thar non

Have volr got any
.. paper lor ihe
b)

ot
s a) Whlch

linguistics inl€restsyou mostl
b) The compaDy I work tor
all over
has

a a) lheme parks arc wa) tu)rc
lun than museutns.
b) lheme parks dLeloads nDrc
fun Lhanntuscums.

Fill in the gapswith thesewords.

6 a) Exting ar hone cos(smuch
the sanreas €alLn8,our.
b) Ealng ar honr cosls pretq
nuch dre same ,s erliDg out.
b) Change scntences I 6 so that
they are tme tor ,vou.
tthinkwriting in Fnglish is nuch the
sarr'eas speakingit.They'rcbath
hard indiffercntways.
c) work nr pairs. lakc t rns to
sny your seDtences.Isk follo\\'

Fill in the gaps nith a *'ord which
can be used in both selrtences. Yotr
may need to changc the fonn of
r a) I rcall) lil5!v!el and fneD.llv.
b) I can'i drink i.a with slrgar

ir.smuch too 5W!e!

li.;,::,
break leave off tired
bounds parcel choose
ol
I an sick and
dris drcrdful rveathcr.
t a l $ . , ) 5p r , L a n c l
v h a t I w a t c ho n T \ .
I usual\' have coffee for
breakfastbut I can take it ol
it.
I thiDli nress is part and
of nodcrn lile.
ln m) opurion. ihe choice ol
a part):
....
I thn* ny English vocabular)
has improved in leaps and
I go to thc $

I rliought she brilliaDtly
perlormed, especiall) gi!en rhe
lack ol rehearsaltiDc The onl)
problen js we had a po\cr cul
Unlortunately, oft€n Lhat
happens I doD t kno\r $hI
Are lou gomg to see dlc sho$,]
\ts. I'11So probably rnd sce 1t

ncxr Thursday il I can gc1

B 1ts, I thiDk it! €veryday on
unril rhe end ot Nlarch.

3 a) Ha\1ng a cat is narginallv
easicr than heviDg a dog
easier
b) llaving a c.]ris disLiLrcll-v
rhan haring a dog.

s a) lidvclling b]'plane isnt luLI
as stressfulas driling
b) rralelling b) plane is milcs
more srrcssfulthan driving.

Sorryrl Yc been at the Town
Hall to sce lvlonica! show

b) Work in pairs. Look agah at
the conl'crsatior.Find one
exarnpJcofan adverbialof: pJace;
time; deffnite frequency;
indefinite lrequency;level of
certaintl conmentl manner.
Fill in the misstug vowcls ilt
theseverbsused for dramatic
ettect.' :;ri
1 c j_l_
2 clr,g

a gr_b
s n dgc
6 I p -p

a) Tick the things )ou can do
in English.
I cancompare
th nqsn bolhaninlormal
andformalway.

on and

wordswithditferent
but
lcan!nderstand
related
meanings.

a) Read th€ coDversNtionand
look at the adverbials in bold.
Tick the adYerbials that are in
ihe correct positiolt. Correct

10opnions
I canqivemyviewsandrespond
onadvertising
andmarketing

a Hi. Clare. l ve bcen Lrying to get
holtl ot you all nornng.

to tell
I caniolowestablished
conveniions
a peBonaanecoorc.

ofwordsand
lcanworkoutthemeanings
phrases
fromcontext.

b) n'llnt do you need to study Ngain?


Accurate
Writing
coNNECT|NG
WORDS:
PUTPOSe;
puNcTUATtoN:
coLonsand semi colons
fick the conect sentcD{es.Then correct t}c robraKes

mpll5.

Preview 7
,escron",
@ cororro"ors,
a) Match a conditional clause in A to a main clause
pr37.

inB

1 T]re colo6 necd to bc boldef so as ro makc rhe
desiiln sLandour.
2 In order thc canpaigD ro b{: I succcss,rve nrust
increascour budget.
r \ o t h a t\ . , , J m . . r ' , r o , . r l l ., . , , , J , t r . .r , l
your ideasby ttmorow
a I l ' l
" . 1 " , I r ' r , i r ' !o . . s o r . S .i r o

A
1 lfyou do nore rhan -\
50kph alongthis road. \
2 II you get any more
\
poinLsfor speeding.
3 lf you lost your

5 I'll send )ou sone possibleslogansir ord€r you

a It youtt hadnl gone
firough that red lighr,

6 \\rc lure done resear.h (o sce which advertsare
tnc nosr Popurar

b) Look at the sentencesin 1a).Which is a zero,firsr,
second and third conditional? How do we make
each conditional?

*nn
^..,""
"'
@P.*;;::ffii,i1.j,""",**
There arc threc soLutirrts,s'e could gcr aD olcrclraJi.
sell lhe conrp.riy or close ir clown.
I began lo gcr r bit ncrvo s ro caltll olyseif do\an I
nudc n,)self.r drnk.
The meelng $i]l be hcld in ile librarlt rlie Board
Roonr is being decorated
I Lrsed1o livr iD FraD.e, I nr no\r based iD Tokyo.
5 V r l J r , . 1 , .. . , n e i n n l , . . p
J rl .l , . - l , . . i n g r r r n u .

c) M.rch {ntencc. ll

d) Fill in the gaps with a zero, Iirsr, second or rhird
conditional form of rhe verbs in brack€ts.
Cet your coar. I[we..leaye nova s-e'l] srill be rhere
in pleDty of tin1elor the nexl show: (leave)
Dont n'orry -just follow my insrruciions. It you
switch olf the computer and ften start ir up again ir
...
,I pronise. (work)
I knonr tour parenls wonl ler you, bur ifyor could
have an,vpet ir the world, what.
?
lfl -..
rhat newspaperarticl€, I wouldnl have

realisedhe was ativel (nor see)
D r l | o r S e r. b o u r r h a \ n l " n r . . I n l - \ o u . . . .
them properly, they die. (look afrer)

sa\y Ls q v,.r'4 {quoL.s brq^d. lney

'l-.t

t"",1-'

t a q d p " r d Lq L , r ^ a d -

dar,e cL'td p?aple D<.r< d"trqX<.c]

in la) ro rhc\c meaning5:

d) a possible,4ikely
future resulr

b) Replaceth€ asterislG(") with a colon ( : ) or a

u,qs [,te* tke probl
0 you'd probablylose
youfjob.
d) Iou'll be balned
lrom driving.

a) an nnaginarysituationin &e pasr
b) an event/sitlrarion

thar is a generalrrurvlacr
c) an unlikelyor nnagnrarysiruarionin rhe pr€senror

a) Rcadthis extractfrom a srudenr's\r'ork. Corrcct the
undcrlinedconnectingwords ofpurposc. Us.
words/phrasesfrom 1.

qaa4\"
A(a1v'? o ,/qr--1 , at -l-clt-.q
aqM?rqs, pl,atL?s, DV, reaor.l?ri, ?ta.
I rq.qrs q.l,* it r,.,qs .,'\. ara?r"lqL.l"ch.
€,
q n<.a cqueiq pl^,o*<. fl,<. catup{!ry LLr?.d
qctors ,r,pader thror.qh us cities-*
tl"e.q hcd {" pre.tend to be toarists
d - , q . h - l p o s \ - r s - b . 1t o 1 q l - t ^ - " .
pl,.lo, 'so to hav<. qN ixcns.
to sl,oa
ll.ew tlLe cqw<:rq. ire qctors then
r?Lctttue\d?d ' Ik zir' xeu cqu<.rq lnqt

B
a) rhe policewouldnl
havesroppedyou.
b) you gct caughrby

ronvs
@ ressrvr
Make passive sentencessrarring with the correct

lbnn of the words tu bold (you may need to change
the pronoun).
p138.

2
3
5
6

a

His conpany olten sends him abroad.
He is often sent abroad by hisconpany.
People ar€ blaning hinr for rhe current problems.
Charles Dickens wrore Bleafr Ilour€.
My leachd was always encouragingme ro write.
Someonehas stolen my car.
The kids had lefr all th€ food
They are going to announce.he results soon.
Someoneshould rell my morher.
They could have invitecl Frcd


7 Laying down the law
Getting away with it
.. o
QUICKREVIEW
aboutyoursetfusingfourof theseadverbials:
Writethreesentences
year;

to Areecetfast,usually',evetyMonday,prcbably Wofk in
last
lastyear'
pairs.Take
turn5to sayyoursentences:/wasmaPlay

andVocabulary
Reading
@

a) Luok at the ph.rt,\ of inmarcs
work'ng,nan opcnrrrson.
ln what ways do you think'operr'
and 'closed' pnsons are diff€rent?
b) check the neaninss of

rehabilit;tion tendcattle
orgnic cr6ps accissible a citizen
c) Read the articl€. Why is Bastoey
'a]'fry difermt route to reltabilitationl
d) Read the article again. what does
th€ article say about these things?
r lvhere BasLoe)prison is situated
and vhat the lanclscapeis like
2 the lejsure opporluniti.s th€re
3 the kind ofjobs done bv pdsoners
a prjsoners acconmodanon
s \isits lo and froN ihe p son
6 the cost ofmlnaging the pdsotl
e) LooL at th€ wordvphrases in bold

in thc alticle. Match pairs of near
q.nonlns.
mhabitants, /esiderts
t) Do you agree with these quotes
not?
from the a icle? whyl/$/hy
1 The biggesl nristake thal our
societi€shavc ma.le is to believe
that you must punish lud to
changc pflsoners.
2 The big closed prisoDsafti criminaL
3 lfyou tre.u people bad\t the),will
4 lcology is a greal tool becauseit
shovs thal whal se clo has an
jmpact on th€ luture. Crir nals
olien do nol think belore acling.

Vocabularyphrases
with get
nonCrammar conditionals:
Reviewpositionof adverbials

It's a hard life !
t's a summer day on Bastoey
lsland, and MagDe Rmstad is
making the most of it. LyinSon his
back in his shorls, the 38-yearold
NoMegian is sun}arhing.Around him
is lush woodland, bngh!]y coloured
housesand the sparklingwaters of the

Oslofjod". For a prison, it's an idyllic
"This place is unbelievable,"says
Ramstad, who is seFing a six year
'At
sentencetor dng smuSSling. ihe
one,
we
prrson I was at before this
were locked up in ou. cells 23 hou$ a
on the ole square mile islud, the
tls inmates, who include murderers
and fraldsiers, enjoy activities noi
usually associated with ja . In
summerthey can improverheir tennis,
de a ho$e in the forest dd hit the
beach for a swint. In winter thcy can
go cross country skiing.
rust work.
But filst the inhalitats
As the island is a fam, there are cattle
to tend and orgmic crops to grow
Prisonershaveaccesslo tools such as
arcs, LDivesand saws; rhey cut trees
into timher and restore the woode.
housesdotted around the island.
AiteMards, residents returtr to
comfortable houses shared between
four and st peolie. As Bastoeyis an
open prison, family menlbers can
come at the weekerds; the island is

accessiblevia a shorl twice daily ferry
dde.Inmates.an also leaveBastoeYto

tradjtional, rep.essivepdsons do not
work. "The biggest mistake that our
so.ieties have made is to believelhat
you must puish hard io change
prisoners,"
Bastoey's
explains
goveFor oeyvind Alnaes."But rhe big
closedprisons are cdminal schools.tf
you lreat people badly, they will
behave baily. Anyone can be a citizen
if we treat them well, respectthem and
give theD challenges."
Bastoey's philosophy is that
individuals wili stop their cdminal
behaviour if ihey developa senseof
responsibility.The way to achiwe that
is io take care of the naturc around
ihem; in the stables,for insrance,each
person is responsiblefor a horse or a
"Ecology is a great tool," adds
Alnaes,"be.ause it shows that what
we do has an impact on the future.
criminats oiten do not tlink before
The staff at Bastoey also run
cou$es designed to challenge
prisonerJ behavlou and lbrce them to

confronrwhat rheyhavedone.Security
is delilemtely kept low so there are
fewer employees, which males the
lrison cheaperto run than a closed

Wbat sets Bastoeyapart ftom other
open prisons is its emlhasis on
ecology as a tool for rchabilitation,
and some campaigners would
weicome more lile il. "This innovative
NoNegian model promotes what
most ciminal justi.e refomers lA11 convicts must begin their
a
requirement that
senten.es in a traditional, closed to work
pfson, from where ihey apply to live
offenders tale responsibillty for their
at Bastoey. The prison selects lives dd work had to pay for what
they've done, in an environment thar is
individuals on ihe basis of whether
snall scale and fmm which family
they wanl lo iun their lives around.
contactca. be Daintained.
Bastoeyis based on the idea that
't rd = a narrowareaoi seabelw€enli/o clifls
Adapledftanlne Guatdian261a7106


Listeningandfframnnar

V0cabularyPhrases
withgef
I
@ oNlatch phras€s
pt36.

7 to a)-g). Check

s o n r . . \ t . i s o n . r s r f ) 1 og c l t h c i r
osn back or folifc inlormfrs.
l r s n r o r cr l i l l i f n l r o g e t a w a ) w i l h
b u r g l . r Nr h c s . . l a \ ' s .
rl. $is banne.l ro.r dri!i rg bul go(
r o u n d i 1b ) b L r ) l n i la b i k e .
I s } o L r l c.lh r n g e D ! l o c k s b t l r I l l r \ c r
I ctrirl gct lhrough ro rlty drugLrcr
h o \ d r n g c r o u sl l i a t i , 1 ' l G .
T | r I n r i c h l l l e d i r rc o u n l L r t h i s
Loss lud be(n getting at hLm untairl.-.
Ullike o\ licuds, I \e rLcvcrgor irto

") c f i l i c l s l r i l r e p e . { c d h
l i n d l l f r Ln r l o ( l o s o r r d r i l c
d do $roog and norbc puflished
d) p u r i s h r h e f e o p l e N h o d i d s o r n e L l x n g
u , r p l ( . r s t r nl oL L h e , n
e) r\ oidfd .rpfoblc.r
r) mrlic sorneoDLundLrstard somethLng
g ) b r c o D L cr n t c r r s l c di n

S

a tr r ' . r . r r * , , ' , , n i n Rror r, ( - $ u r , r v n r , , . , . r - .
a forensic
scleitist a traceof GaUva)DNA sweat a flbre a fragment
b) \V(rk ft fairs. l)iscusstheseq(esti(Ds. Usc words/phrasrslron 3a).
1 \\'harnrcrhods
arcuscd1ocatchciminilsT
2 I loF do f rif rinalsolicu gi\c Lh.nschesa$,?)l

c)

LiskD n) thc ffIst part of a radtu intcrric\r {idr a scicnce
jonrnalist. Which crnnes does she t,rlk abourl $hat usually lcads Lo
the crhnuL henrg arrested?

d) Listen again. Fill in thc gaps in these note.r \\'h.r

or scLarcli

2 \\'c!r r
and a
to l\od lL.vLng pdlrs, bur nrale sufc
thcr'rc not nude of 1
3 l t p o s s i t r LNc c a r . k n h . s m a d e o u t o f 6
m e t c r i i l . s u c l ri s 7
i \\ ,.t,, . tJ
qrt. .u., ur 3
s Dont bc tcmftcd to e

lhe slolen goods nnrnedirrel,a) Check the ncanirrg of these words. $4rat crime clo yo( thnrk Zoa
is going to talk about?
an alibi a maggot a fly a weapon a distingushlngmark
poison an icicle a plddLeof water

b) Cornplete these sentcnces so the,v
r I sonerjmcs llnd ir hlrcl 1o gcl

brcaltng inio a house. lrv noL to break an,r']

b)

Listcn to the sccond part of rhe inrcryic*: Wcrc you corrccll

c) Listen to the secoDdpart again nnd ans\'!er these qucsriorrs.
2
3
a
s

. \ T V n ' r i f s I v e r c c e n l l \g o r i r t o i s . . .
\ l h e n I . r b L r s \I n c \ e r g f t f o r l r d l o
I sonrctinrrg
s el al . aboul ...
On.( I
ifrd gorr\a.! \!ilh il.

c) \\brk nr pairs. Sn) yolrr scDtcnccs
fronr 2b). Ask fbll)$ up qrcstirDs.

r
2
3
a
s
6

\\:lnL pcrsooalit) tfiits do Dunl killers hrlL n .ornnonl
\\t! crr dre lgc of r rni$tot be rseJirl to ld.nsic s.icntisisr
Ho$ cau llies bc uscfuLcli.lcncc for lo.flrsic scre listsl
Whil is llrr disad!aDtrgc of using toisonl
wh.{ do ) ou hN\c Lo (Loif lou keep )onr $eirpolrl
\\rhrtr $oukl thc prrfect ilcaton be, a..ording 1|] Zoc? \\,h\'l

d) Can you think ofany recent murdcr cascs in rvhich forensic
c\idcn(e played a part in con\iclirg thc killcr?


7A

Help
withGrammar

-

fl
tg
-

Choosethe correctverb form in theseconditional

sentcnces.Sometinesboth ar€ possible.
The,vwoul.hi t havc caught Lheburglar il he hadnl
drap p ed/ been,l rop p ing hts \\ ^IIe t.
lf rhe poli.e werehoprrglhopedto nrake in arrest r re)
\aould need to .Loil now
Il.'or're goingta boffow/bonowrq Lhecar, can IoLr
remernbcr to gcl ir*uraLlcei
tl \on te naking/ LImakerhosc cakcs. )olr need a special

p65.
SeePreview,
\Vc canusea laricty ol verblonnsin con.lilioMl
in rhetour basic'
not oD\' dose Lrsed
serrences.

at L"lt or ,cntc".(5 l-1. I in'l d \.rri.rriorol r
, .c(ond
z e r . 't o n d i r i o n a l ,r l I . r c o n r l i r i o n a l d
conditional ard a third conditional.
r lf).ou'rc gojng ro commit a burglrryi loull
havc to bc careful nhat yo! seaL. trst
candhional
2 ODeburglar would hare got a\ay $,ilh iI
' "rrpl t ll
, "l r \'' n '{ rr rr"
3 lf I $erc coLrinilinrg a burglarli ld be beller
off wcrring gloves.
a lfa pcEon doesnl vant m LearctorcnsLc
e\.i.leDcc.Lhe) slould trst sli.lc throllgh a

MIXEDCONDITIONALS
b) Compare these pairs ofsentences. Then
aDswer questions i) ir).
1 a) lt tlic lddnrpper hadn't lick€d thal
cnvclope. he rvouldn't b€ in prison now
b) lt dic kdn.rpper ha.ln't lick€d rhal
' '' "p h wouldnr ha\egone
2 a) lt thc) weren't sucil goo.l actors. mosl oi
thcm would have been forrd ou( much
b) lt thc) hadn't becn such goo.l acLors,
most oI rhen would have l'.e[ found out
nuch errlier.
i) Arc all the scnicncesrcferring Lo rcal or
inagirlrry sirualions?
ii) ts each clausc reiering to pasLor presenl
which scnlencesare \nirc.L coLldttiolalsl
wh,v arc the) called that?
iu) what is tLe dlllercnce jn ncaning bet\reen
fie basic and rnixcd condition.l sentcnces
ii)

c) Checl.in

p137.

5 rbu must Lcrnic kDo$ Ll !ou'11/reqolrq lo need a lilr.

Il I d kno\iai $harwasgo;ngfolr.rouldhapLren,I nighL halc

@

a) change thesesentences.
usnrgmixcd conditn)nallbrms.
r I vr onl) goi rhis car becauscI rook our a h ge bank loan
lf I hadn't taken out a huge bank loan, I wouLln't have this car2 \\'t nissed a lcsson, $,hich is wh,v Ne dont understand
Nlut Lhe tcrcher! saying.
3 I onl) agrced lo go to lhe club becluse l'r.d lvorks there
,
'l ir!r.rh.'ni.
r". Jm..)ll -o a
iouniament Loda) instcad of mc
s M\' brothef loles $orking \aith \.oung people, r'hich is
Nh\ hc bcc.tmea tcacher.
6 Jcss is reall) laz) and so s|c |as slill no( linished her
7 Ydt.Lnldt Lakcnty adlice. $,lich is wh)'$.ere no\v so larcl
b) work in pairs. l)iscuss th$e qucstions. Ask lbtlortp
r Il )ou could hale ihc hst ter years ol )onr lili orer again,
'vhat wolrld tou havc done dillerentL)l
2 It )ou could choose,$.har special talent s1)ul.l _\'oulikc to
ha!e been born $iihl
3 lt you wcre able Lo go baclpcriod d histor) woulcl -vouhale llked to live in?

'

j

work fi pairs- what arc the advantagesand
ot open and closedprisons?Use these
disadvantages

ideasor your own.
Openprisonstry to educatepeaplenot to re offen.Jbut they
canbe diflicuLtand expensiveto run.
prisonsarc often popularwith the generalpublic
CLosed
becauseit sfelt that prisonersshouldbe severelypunishedfor
theircrines, but they don t help to changepisoners' behaviour.
\Vork in groups. Group ,^
Follo'r' the instrxctions.

p 1 0 8G
. r o u pB ' p l r r .


Everystepyoutake

ffi

Vocabularyphrasalnouns
Grammarlmpersonat
report

QUICKREVIEW...
Completetheseconditionalsentencesabout yout life,lf I hadn't... ,l'd now ...; lf I
wercbetterat ... ,I night have....Work in pairsand take turns to sayyour sentences.
Askfollow'upquestions.

;

\

.

to dtscourage
i TaxexemPtions
,

HelowithVocabularv

ffi,il;il;fi:;ry__*
*
""n

"-*'Y'-:f:"'

'.t-

,*ii".

-;.

..:

.
rf,u,^+!.c_gqrcRYovER
uniHiil Eriab?iNt"e'Xrus

i

rd#"

%

w''"-

ff

I

rlrrasrl nouro arc compound noLrnstomc.l trcm lerbs
and, ParticLc(a prelosirion or adrenr).
a) Look at the phrasal noum ir rcd nr hcadlines
A-D. What v€rbs and parlicles ar€ rlxrv nade up oF
, ,
\\:hen phras.l nouns begii Nirh a panicl..
rhcv h!v{: no htphcn (orll( '. .1,!'n]rorr. ,rprt)
when phr1rlalLroutubcrin sirh a \,crb. rhq Lna)or nn!
nol ha\e a h)phen (iri.A .,1 bklldorn. gft,rogcr,ro).
Nor all phrasrl \crbs can bc ma.le nrro ffrasal nouns:
l'h.| pril.d.lolir rno,rrrsrs not +lr*-ros a p*ICr*+rf

Setl:acks in plans to charge l
t
householdsfor rubbish -4"
::.!,i,iiry{

Review mixed conditionals

, SomeplrfasIrlroutu arc nude rp of LhesaLucnorils
as fhrisrl ycrbs.but halc difcrcnr nrfanrngs:lh. inraft.

(enrolmeLr0or /hirr."r,1. irds o!., I00. Hf sr',i'. !)Jdrr
I.dirl.,rl t(f.d il in (uldersrand and ft'mcmbcr)

,i:, :.ii:

b ) l o o L a g a i n . , r h c p l , , J \ J ln , , u n \i , , I ' c a d l i n ( \
A D. which phrasal nours rercrse the order of the
verb and thc particle? which oncs cant be made
into a plfasal verb with the s^mc rn€aning?

flf'ff;r'go'*iigifl,
f'

c) \\lrlch phrasal nouns in hcadhrcs A I) are

d) chcck in

p136.

Listening
andVocabulary
(
l -& F a l r , ' ' L : , rr h ( , , ( $ . t t r f ( , . 1 \ i r l l i , , chr,.. L r h .
m . . r n r n g . ' t r nr rr r s o r d - H r r c r n t o t t l r c r

@

rratch thc ptrrasal ltouns n] bold to these\sordvphrascs.

topicsbctn an issuenr )our (olllrtry?

heavymin beginningof the footbaLlmatch
contrlbutlon iunrber of peoptewho areaccepted
forecast informatgatherng delaycausedby a probrem

b)
Listen to Stcf^nolioDr lial)'. Hilnud
1,,,,,,, ,. | ,,,.',,)rrrJ lurr ru tr,,mPnl.ndgi\ "'g
thcir otnriorrsabout horv much thr: statr:should
intencnc nr peotlc'.slives.Which topic from
thc headlinesis lot discussed?
c) Listcn agah. In shich arcasdo thc spcakersfeeJ
rhat stale intcr\cDtiiD islisn tjustifiecll \\'hy?
\Vork in pairs. Discussshe(her the government
.houlJ g.r rn'ol',J in InnI.r\.I.h a. rhc\'.
t smokng Lnpublic phces
2 LrvrronLlrcnLrLtssucs
3 .clationships and nrrfia!e
+ Lhc foorLpcoplc caL

Kick offal \\tl blc) $iLL bc ar l p m
Thcre has been r setback in |lans ro ban junk lood
l l , .o u t l o o t l ". r, . . 1 . . . , 1 . r '
\bu. inpul ro tllat ne.ting $as rnuch apprcciarcd
5 \vc slcltered under trees.luring rhe downpours
NI\ farcnls arc haying a g€t-togeihei Nilh lriends
The Lrni\ersit\ lns rcsrictcd lts intake to rhosc \!idr
good grirdes.

3

Reading
andGrammar
a) Check thc Dreadng of thesr

biomet c data an iis trbcklng tagging
transmit a mlcrochlp an implant

youcangiveawayniorrnaton
** Sinrply
bygoing
onllne,
aboulevery,lhing
irom
yourpolicalbeliefs
lo yourbuying
habits.
Tags,
or'cook
es',record
thewebsites
your
you've
vsiled,soanyone
whocanreadyourcookies
canflndoulabout
prcvlder
Inlernel
activities,

noljustyourseruice

t3

b) Work h pairs. Look at the piclurrs. ln
which places do orgaDis.ttionsolten watch
peoplc\ moYemcrrts?${ryl
c) Read th€ arti(lc aDd check your ideas

in sb).
d) Tick the trrc set1lences.Con-ect the falsc

(Radio
RFlDlags
Frcquency
ldentfcation
tags)- I nyrado-transm
tling
getting
micrcchips
smalerandcheaper
alllhetime.lt seems
thaltheywl
a€
thenorrn
ona I foodpackag
ngandclothestthis
willalowrelaiels
soonbecome
notonlylo

keeptrackof whats being
stolen
bulwhenslocks runnrng
ou/.
Howeve!
aswel asbeingusedin shopsandoneveryday
objeclssuchascrcdll
cads.lickets
andkeys,
RFIDlagsarenowalsobeing
offeedasimplants.
For
example,
a tagcanbe mplanted
incubmernbers
arms.
acling
asa secuily
passandallowing
access
lothebarwilhoutthe
needlorcash.
Theae
alsoappear
to b€manyhospilals
using
themaslinydenlily
cafdsforpatients.

n:ilBuyngpre-paid'si,ari'lravelcardswhichconian a mcrochlpmeansihalyoucan

betracked
across
a clywhenyougobyundeqroundand
onthebus.Andrnsome
foftraffic
ngthectydwngbusy
bigcliessuchasLondon
lhereisa charge
enter
periodsThs taxis oftenenforced
withthead of a neMork
whch
of camerds,
platesof everyone
thecongestion
zone".
records
thenumber
enlering

r l d e n r i r , v . r r d sa r c u n n r r s r l l , - . l i s l i k e do n
tlre gronn.ls rh,t thcy lmit trcoflf-s
2 O n l ! r h c s c n i . e p r c r i . L c rk L r o w sw l i i c h
\ c b s l t c s p c o p l el i s i t .
3 l t r s l i k c l _ vr h r r R f l D t r g s w i i l s o o n b e o n
xlrosr !ll o r su|cnMrkcL sltoppiirg
a R F I D r a g s . ! n o n l ) b c u s e do L ro b j r c t s .
s 1l you \,!luc _\'ourtdqqt it is bcltcr lo p!,t
cl|sh lor public rransport.

6 h ccrlrjn colntries. Dobile phcucs
o u L l ' u m D ePr c o p r e .
/ ,{n) orgrnis.trio. ]s ilLolvcd to lisLrn to )our
mobilc dronc conversalnnb.t.r) tLlnc.
s ] L i s k l l o N n l h a r ( i ( - l v c a m c L r sh a v cb e e n
uscd to chcck tp on cnployecs
e) $ofk in goups. Discuss these questions.

r;i

(PlN)intoa cashpo
nputtng
a pesonal
identilicat
onnLrnrber
nl maybethe
youa
gelting
yourhandson
way
of
hard-eamed
cash,
bufwhileyou
are
easiesl
yourideniity
walllng
foryourmoney
toappeat

andwithita ltheinformaUon
examned.
Yourwilhdrawa
isasorecorded
and
aboLlyouonrecod,isclosely
fled.Andll isclajmed
thalevenyourfinancia
records
canbeaccessed
lf therels
ajustifiable
cause

ia: Therearenoweslimated
lo bemorcmobiephones
lhanpeopein rnany
lhephone,
counlries.
Assoonasyouactivateyour
signalby
using
any
techno
for
nsiance,
organisalion
wilhlheapprcpriaie ogy
a cafbreakdown
ol the

seryice canaccuralely
ocateyouwiihinsecondsWithlheco-operalion
phone
il ispossbleto isleninonpeople
s conversaiions.In
addton,
company,
numbef
transmitled
wh€nev€flhe
eachmobiehasaninternalionalidentificalion
pnones 0n

r H,rre )ou cxpc.icnccd rriy ol the tr^cknig'
2 Do )ou lecl tliat a goyrrnnrenl js jr$rificd
i n r r . l c k i n g] ] c o p l c .o r L si t a t \ r n a c c c f r a b l c
i n r r L r s i oln \ \ i h ) l / \ \ h ) n o t ?
3 H o q n r u c h h a s L h r s i t L r a r i ocnh a n g c di n
!oLrr countr_\.siDcc this ltrticle \\as {rilr.n?

ae known
tooperate
inmore
andmorebuildings,
bothpublcand
;i i! ccTVcameras

pfivale.
Worke6at a hotelin Boston
ir lheLJStookegalaclionagainst

their
employels
afterfindinga unyc€mera
obseruing
lhemfrcmoneof lher ockers,
and
atleasloneschool
inlheLJKis
known
tohavenstaledcameEs
n pupils'toiets.
Adapledfrom88C Focls LlagazireAutlmn2006
"congestonzone:arareawilhalotoltafc,
n whichmolorlsls
oflenha@Iopaya tax


7B
R:Tnle drcse.sentencessta(ing

t,

1 We believe that milliore of
commuters avoided paying dre
congesroi durge lasr ,\'ear.
Millions of conmute6 arc believed
to have a\oided paying the
con gestio n charge Iast ye ar.
2 It appearsthat mosl p€opl€ in
this county are against the

introductor of lD cards.
3 It is estinuted that 75% of p€oplc
have al least one store card.
4 It is rumoured ihat th€
govemment is introduciDg RFID
ugs h passportsnext year
s Some people have allegedthat big
stores are k€eping detailed
personal r€cords of their
6 ft seens that seo€r monitoring
of chillro has become
acceptablein sone schools.

p

p65.
seePr€view,
.!

,@

u*tt'.

-.*t

t rmof the lerbs in

We useimperconalreport structureswhen we want to disbnce ouEelves
fton intormadonwhichis not necessarily
our opjnion.They?recomnonly

foundin rcporLs
and newspaper
ardcles.

Use these passiv€report structures:
if + passive+ thdt dause;
subject + passive + infinitive with lo.

*tto*t,"" *'t" t"t oott'u,

1 Housepriceshavetallenby 8%.

a) Look at these sentences.Then complete the rules with thdt, or
inJinitive ]l,ith b.
It is claimed that evenyour financial rccordscanbe accessed.
CCTVcanens areknown to operate in nore andnorc buildings.
Therearc now estimated to be nore mobilephonesthanpeopLein many

2
3

To makelmpersonalreportstructuresve.an use:
+ clause
a il+passive+
s subject (CcTv.am.rff) + passne +
e tl1e/e+ passrve+

It is repotted that housepices have
fallen by 8on.
Housepices arc rcported to have

fallen by 8%.
Therebelshave\\,ithdrawn.(knorv)
Londonis one ol the most
expensiveciliesin (he rvorldto
live in. (sat)
The s€niormanagerhasresigned.
More than 3,000peoplehavelost
Ihe[ livesin a devasuling
(tear)
earthquake.
The airpon srike is attectirlg
rhousandsot l'rolidayflights.
(believe)

iii:5i o We can use a variet)' of infinitive forms with impersonal report
structures: si€ is known io hcie srynt Jbc|n6 in India.He is rumaured
to be resign'n,g el., month.
* We ofien use rheseverbs ro repori with the passn'e:.ll:lin. dll.ge,
\timate, belie\e, Lhink, Ie.tr, rutnow, expecti repott. undcrst.tnA.
REPORTING
WTH SEfMANDAPPEAR
b ) l o o k a t t h e * . c n t c n c c s .T h c n c h o o . c l h € c o n € c l $ u ' d ( \ \ " ' r h c r u l ( .

I It seemstha. the)'will soonbecomethe nomr.
Opinion appearsto be di\ndecl.
Therealso appear to be manyhospitalsusingrhem.
The verbsse.mand dpp.ar arelare,of usedin the passive.

2
3

c) checkin ill::iiiiip138.

@
i
j

work in groups.croup A +
pl10-Gro(pB + p113.


Not guilty!

Vocabutarymetaphors
Reatworld functionsand
intonationof questions
Reviewphnsalnouns

...
QUICKREVIEW
verbs:poar
usingphrasalnounsmadefromthesePhrasaI
Writesentences
pairs.
to sayyour
get
in
Take
turns
together.Wotk

backi
down',brcakdown;set
a
heavy
downPour.
lta
s
cancelled
after
lhe matcl,
sentencesr
a) Look at thesepaiE of scntences.which
words/phrases in bold has a literal meaning
(L)? which has a nonliteral meaning(NL)?
what are the nonliteral meann1gslCheck in

3r"-i:'ip I 36.
r a) I grile.l the meal for five minutes. I
b) The poLicegrilled him for hourc aboul
wh.ri he'd done that nighr. Nl
z a) $t got a warm welcome ftom my cousin.
b) The pizza wasnl warm eDoughso I put
it in rhe niicrowave
The lorecasl$.arns a sevcrestorm is on
b)

The police stormed thc building and
rescuedthe hosGges.
The narket is flood€d rvith cheap.

b) lfit rains an) nore, the roads will soon
be flooded.
5 a) lt was such a bdght day I neededny
b) Helsa rcall) bright La.l I canl believe
he'd tum 1o crinre.
6 a) I have Lo get up at dam to drive to
b) lt suddenly dame.l on the inspector
who the suspectnight be.
wli€n I sai! the burglar. I froze and
b) Ir vas so cold ihat the lahe frozc.

\,1) prftrnts ncw io Brazil lasl $.eek.
The crlne novel vas so excning, the

e a) \'ick) is a goodchoicelor theiob becausc
shcdoesntclack underpressure.
b) 1suddenl)'noticedthe largecrack in
thc ceihng.
b) r,\'rite five sentencesabout your lile. Use
netaphors from 1a).
c) Work in pairs. Take turns to say your
Ask follow-up questions.
sentences.

Listening
andSpeaking
@

a) Look at ttre picture. what is happeningl
11 ii-, il l risrn to this extract ftom a pla)l wlq' is Mihe a

suspect?wtu( crime is he alleged to have comnitted?
c) Listen again. Fill in the gaps with one or two words.
1 Ennnais lvlikes :
2 The policethink llar lvlikeis usiDgEnin rs an
pasr
3 Georgeusurll,,-goesout .rt about ....
on Fri.ta,velenings.
poun.Lsin Lhe[al.
Georgehad hldden
5 (;eorge $ orks as a
6 Georgehrtl the monev under rhe ...
I,like lett En1n1a's
house to get a ....
at about 8.20.
3 He lvas scen b) his
Mike toLd the police he satched a.. .
10 Nlike hasnl gor much mone,vbecausehel

d) Do ),ou thinli Mjke is guiltyl \\ty?Avhy

not?

on TV


r
I

7C
@

rr r,"'ao'r'.- pr,rr.c.tro,n'h, r\,'J(' mca,,)
I
2
I
a
5
5

ir .rll strikes me a5 yerl odd
liring fighl on your doorsi€p
\ve rc notjoined at th€ hip
$e we(ent borD y€st€rday
I losl lrack of$,haL was haplening
.rLrsl h.r\c hit you hard, Ll,sing\'ouriob

Real
World
llrlo| ion pducrrs iD Enghsharc lariccl an.l cornplicNrcd.
Ho\cvcr tbe toLl,r'i,rg guidehrcs n,a! bc he\rtuI.
L i r t r r t 5 q , , " * ' ; " | l rl - ' \ \ h r ( l r q u c - r i o n . J r c
&- . 9 a l
. F L r r g l . r n c $ i ' r l o r D r . U i u n . \ , $1 l , h i r c ( h c ( L i n g
inlbnnatior (C)?
1 \VhrL docsl
,

. r r h . . ' , ., , t , I r

u.

..

,

A.,-. '

3 How D1u.hl
4 S o .) o u w e r l o . ) o u f o w r . d

lou?

s HoN corncl
b) Listen 1()the ques )ns again and choosr the correcr

1 . fftnq/falling raia \rl1en asking qucsrions Lo tnd our n.w
2 r nsing/fallingr.ne $1L n checlifg i|lornution {c thnrk
is ight.
3 a $ing/faLLingrone i qlrenion tags whrn rrc c\pcct thc
listcner to .onfirnr rlui $e are fighL.
Wc sonrctunesh!\'c.liflere'rL reascuslor asknrg
.LucstnDs.othcr thln requesting fc$ or chcckiD! olcl
nrlorDrition Sonr.rirncstro rep ) is exp.ctcd ald a lalling
lntonntion is Lrs..l
c)
Lislen Lo questnDs I 4 aDd match then 11)
lunclions ,t)-d).
r Couid lvc i st 1toorcr
this onc nFre rinel
2 HoN dnNl.l I knoiv? /

3 lsnt rhatr eoincidcnccl
4 flc nclcr sra)s i'r on a
rri.lav clcnmg do.s hcl
d) Check in

p139.

a) gn ing iDstrnctions
b) a rhctorical qncstion
(erpcctDg egrectnentl
c) agg.cssi!e/deiensi!e
rcsporlscro a quesrroll
d) n.lting a sarcasric

W

Rea Wodcl

ul
L-r.n ro rhc$ ,tu.-ri.n.. \\ lri,h
one LsLrqu(srngI'e$ Lnhnnr.honl
r A
B
2 a
E

I helcn\ got rLr) nonc,! on nrc
lsnl rhala surpriscll
So s. rc nrectirg ft 9. lrc $a'l
tts Sorl1 I \c forgotren rlreadl

\\hcrc afc $c rn.ctiD!?
3 A Couldvou put crcrlthnrgin thc
.lishrasher. Lrh.srl
B \ \ h ! s h o l r l dI a h v a v sd o i r l
a A t h a n k g o o d n c s si r ! e r r i l c d a r l a s r t
s a I hcld liom T.rri lasr night
B (lh. so shc linalLydcciclcclro phonc,
6 A I belnr'. ll)0 peoplc are .oD i rg ro rhc
B Are rou su.ei
7 a 1 ne.cLsorr( mcDc):
B (lh )olr d.,. do )oul
b) Look at R7.7, p 156. Listen again and
notice the senlcDcc stress and inronation.
c) \\brk in pairs. Listcn again and practise
rcading the e-\ch.Dgcs.
$brk in pairs. Studeit A. fbllo\y the
ifftructions below Sludcnt R
pl15.
r Student A \\iorlt on !ou. o$u. You are .t
p o l i c co l l i c c r \ o u a r eg o i n g r o r r c n i e l t
Ennn! lo see i[ hcr storv contrrdicrs
\ ' l i k c s r h u r h o f . L u c s r i o nus s i l g d r a r i c r )
oi qucslion Lvpes mcl .ling qucsridr rags
if l,.r.rl] Ldd bccn expccrjng Nliltc ro
go round Lhatcvcnnrg
whcilef tris bchaliour seened norntal
$.h) she d r'L go orlr wirh Lin n) helc
hoq lorg h. tmk to ger back \'rth his
\rh.r rLe) di.l Fhen h.- goLbrclt
rvhen he left ro go home

rvhere he got his phone frorn.
\\brk \!jlh lour partner lslt Emnu the
q u e s n o n sr ) o r e a n . 1 a n ,or r \ o u r o \ t n .
Nlakc notcs. Does anlthing EDrru sals
.onrradicl lvlik€! stoDl
\\ork in groups ot tor. Ualc )ou
c h a n g e dv o u r n x n d a b o u tq h e r l r c rM i k c
i s g n i l r y o r n o r l D i s c u s sr h e c r u l c n c e .


T

7 Review

LanguageSummary7, p136

a) Iill in the gaps \\'ith these
words/phrases. l::. r: ;

a) lill in the gaps sith the correct
form of the verb nr brackes to
make mi\ed coDdi nuls.

into round(x2) at away
through my own back

r Il I d inv.sted tliar nione,vivhen
lolL told ne to, vc

Lo

l r c n e v c rg o l
lea ing how ro cook, c'ei though
l've hcd on ny om 1or,veafs.I
thc problem b),
get .
buying lors of ready ma.Leneals,
but I l0o\1' I wonl be able to ger

I ani.Iger5
... b)
poiDtlg oul hov nuch iine Lhe)
vasre i lhc kitchen. Hoacvef. all
tlie publiciry about eating hcalLbily
lo
is tlully g€I(ing 6
ne. alLhoughI really .loni tlurk
cookjng
l'll cvcr ger 'i

Il you hadnl stayed up so late
lasl night, yolr
.
(not leel) so barl today
lbu could liave appli€d tor thaL
job we sas' il rou ...
I d slill bc hvmg in \vales it I
0ror changc)

b) work in pairs. Compare

b) Work in pairs. Compare

Mike andJane
diYorce. (rumour / scek)
People
dilided
o!er rhe issuc (appcar/ be)
conrroversvover the nes. poljql

a) wrjte two sentencesfor each
Eord. One should show a literal
and one should show a nonliteral meaning.: .il.i'.;

b) Work in pairs. Conpare

a) Choose the corrc€t answer
Sometimes both answers may be
possible.

2 That $asn't bad dfjving, but if
fou hed falerlbee, lakhg your
test. -vou'dhave to be more
careful than that
3 I'd leel niuch happier if ,vott
phone $e )a\er.
phonetl/wauLd
a lf )'ou s'ash $ool. )ou
uielihould uJecold walet.
s Il \orr d beentellinq/taLdne
about )'our problen, I'd halc

hetped ,vou.
6 l [ 1 w a n t t o c a t c h /m g a i n gt o . a t c h
that lrain, I should leave noN:

Recentll burglanes
in this ar-ea.(rcpo / nrcrease)
Ir
thar the cosr of
the Olynrpic stacliumwill be
over budgei. (lea,
Thcve
a huge
demand lor Cup l-jnal tickets

ll I hadni lost mt keys. 1
(gi\.e) you a litt.
BLrtIm afraid I caDt litul thcn.
Il you
. (o\D) ,
irobile phoDe.yesterdays
arangements ivoulcln't have
been so complicatc.L.
Clar{:
.. (finBh) thal
essayb,vnoq. ifshe didn't kecp

fticnds are al$'a,vsgettiDg

1 ll Latt^il1t k gaing/night go inr.i
Iolvn larer,shcll post this letter

Iill in the gapswith the concct
form of the verbsin brackets.
Thereis sometimesmore than
-fhe
one possibleansrver.
lerbs
in bold should be in the prescnt.

2 biglit

@

rilt i'. *regaps-jth rhe.epartrcl.s
t0 nrakepnrasaLnouns,
in out

off

down on

b) work in pairs. Compare

back

-Iherc!
Talgolng
Io bc a
-...pourlatcr.

Becausethe roads wcre bus)
w c n r i s s e dk i c k . . . .
The
set of hcr illncss
began whcn Julie was vcr)
)oung.
There is going to bc an
cry when the
ito!crnmenr publishcs the
Due Io an unavoiclable
set
, our departurc
Tr) rnd rcduce,vour ......
take o{ saturatedlat.

a) Tick the thnrgsyou can do in English.
canundeBtand
a radionterview
in deta
andmakenolesonil.
canundersland
andusea ranqeoi more
compexconditional
lorms.
in anirnpersona
canreportinJormation
wayusinga rangeol structures.
ol questions
canidentl]andusea variety
patlerns.

andintonation
Lcanrecogn
seandusea rangeol diomalic
andmetaphorica
languaqe.
b) \\4u( do ]'ou need to study again?

CE


T

Accurate
Writing

Preview 8

coNNEclNcwoRDs:condition
PUNCTUATION:
COMMAS

{f
s

, t"'.'-, 't" ,"",, r (onncirins$orJ. in rh(.r *nr.,,(.\

eJ ii ptlo

1 U,1eii//,.are .\ prison.$ ire gi\cil hc\r, dlcI Nrc Likch ro
2 \\t rnust acr nos,. rnleiilotherw6e (he prLsoLlpopuhrtun

lriLl doublc.
3 hx trisoneN shoul.l h. hchecl Jlrir(jrll\', aslorq aJllrleJj
there is cnough nro.cr
Prisonerscan beconrercsponsiblecitlzens.
otherwrelprovlddg$'e allor thein to
lmagine/Whether
rhe go\enror is right or $(ong. there are
man\' 1ilro orsagree
Supposing/Athe,wise
tfu trisorcrs arent rell cnougli to
u o r k . q ' h a rI a p p e n sd r e f l

@

rut cornmas
in hescscnLences.
ffiffi

pr:0.

r ]f .,-ouhavc intnde.s in thc house itls beiicr nol to

@

wtsu,
n oNw.,.
a) Tich the correct words/phrases in bold.
Th€n correct the mistakes.
p141.
1 tl onlv I didn't haYeto leale Lodal

2 ll only t krow someonc \rbo coulcl help,
3 I \\ish Tom is hcre,

I lvish it isn't raining,
5 Il only I knew ]'on $'cre coming.

Il only $e'd b€en taught langLragcs
at

7 I \\'ishI cal liv. here.
e I $ish l11orc
yourg peoplewould vote,
e ll only Nancygetsher hair cur,
b) Co'nplete 1-9 withl, t + subjcct+
auxiliary verb. Is the auxiliary vclb past,
presentor tuture?$ftt?
lfonly ldidn t haveto Leave
today,but Ida.

z Avorl ktcpLng txpensive coDlpntershandblgs ancl wrllers

c) Completethesesentenceswirh the
conect fom of the ver.b in brnckers.

3 HorcvcL you shouLdrlso bc wcLl insured

I wish:
r a) she ,?dlold me aboutit before (tell)
b) she
mc r.har the

problen,is. ftell)
2 a) I
olorc riDc ro hclp lou
tomonosr (h:!e)
b) I
Dorc tllne ro help lou
vesrerdar(havc)

Door chrurs rnd spl holcs which your lancllorclwill
prcbebll tit ircLpto rcducc crnne.
r h . p o l i c c o f f i c c rs a i d Y ( r s h o u l d s e r u p a
Ncighbourhoo.l \\ratch schcme.
\ou sliould instaLla burglar alarnr o(heh!ise )o(t ll regrcr it

a) ltendrhis exira.t frorn a student! *ork. Corrcct the
urderlnred connectingworclsof condition.

3 4I

b) O indicatesa missnrgcomma.\\'hy is eachcomma

I

whJe I was ar,"nV lo worA
Tesle' oat aaa
+lasle.d
eafinq a 4.aissanf A a car
i^ h,r'Ll's af
/ve ) de4'ded to stao otlLe.w,te sat ebad\ was
d trolble A wki.L was lL4kt beeaase fke &L

-fLe
lurned atf lo lE a^ Lhlta.ked pli.e .a.

eli'p./han fald lre fhaf it tuas llelal k eaf
wLile ! was a,u,n7,zgUdt+
r /r1ittlt ka,e an
aadent'. Apparenfl% A %a1a.e not allawe.dlo
eaf a driAk ol srea* M
to{. rrable eLone
'sLe(.sit+ fLe a.ar Las stopped fke pliaenah
said Le ;aLtd ,af Ane te fLis hae ct a+tlefs
r a.V.eed nof fa da if ataih orfa.fLnaleh O
a#er

drdiht

1or anoflter +et/ /r'inLfes O f\@

sa/re paliler.a/t stopped n'e qad and said G)
''
"
It''s ,le?,tl k drue uhl16Lt' Nea.inl. a sealtrF.ft

s 4

you norc oficn.

I

vor r.hen you were in

I

$ork Lastnighl

I
to snrdy lbr
tonrorroq's exan. (not havc to)
he
nuktug all rhal
he

smoking when )rc


8 What's stopping you?
Finding time

vocabulary phrases
with ttme
Crammar pastv€rbformswith present
or futuremeaning

...
QUICKREVIEW
stotm,warm.Wrlte
fourof thesewotds:brightfLoodt
Choose
fLyfreezet
for eachwordwith its literalmeaningandonesentence

onesentence
sentences,
meaning.Work
in pairsandcomPare
with its metaphorical

withfir]e
VocabularYPhrases
a) Tick the phrascs nr bold &at you kno\'!: Che.k nelv
I p140.
phrases in
1
2
3
4
s
6

lf I have limc to kill at an fuporl, I usual]v rea.l a book.
I Like 1o ger Io classiD plen(y of time
I al$r)s lake my time \vhen I l:io homevork
I usual\' hav€ ver) little time lo sparc jn die DomiDg.
F o r ( h e t i m c b e i n g .l ' m h a p p ) d o i n g $ h a t l m . l o i n g .
lt's only a matter of time belore I changen)'

7 I bcliele in thc sa,virlgthue's no time like th€ pr€s€nt'
3 l'v€ got no aimc for peopl. who donl carc abort
cliniaLechangc
e lrls ditticuh for me to find time Lo get involved nr
environmenul issues.

10 I give people a hard time ivhen Lhe) dont recycle
things.
b) Tick th€ senteDces tha( are truc for you. Change the
ofier sentencesso drat they are true for you.
c) work in pairs. Take turns to say your senlences.

Reading
andGrammal
@-

O v,r,., r,r' nl pcoph uh,',lure hada proloundcllc(l
on rhc $orld dthcr lor soodor ,,'r I'J,1.
b) [brk nr pans. Comparelists and choosetrvo peoplc
who you think have had thc greatest effect.
c) Tell the class \lho you d se and why.
d) Readan interyiew with Edd) Canfor'Dumas,at author,
TV scriptwriter,peaceactilist and €andidatelbr the
GreenParqr llatch dre interviewer'squestjons,a)'.c) to
scctions]-f of thc article.
a) Do you bclieverhal onepe6on canrcalll mak. a
b)

4

What have )ou done oD a pelsorrl le!e] to acldressthe
issue of clLmarechange?
Ior havc rccefrly becone scriously in!olved in green
issues Ho\ .li.l lhis conlc about?

'

I

I

|l 20011l,,'as
wofknqon a BBI
'ditagt€i
lfama, tupL'r/o/aonr,
iboLrt
the i atonaLefLrpt
on ol Ye o,,rrttofe
Nnlofn PafkI tre LISATore p my
relenralrtpoketo a raiefl5t!\ihorad
i tre ,.r,i,r!t
Irst r,rfttef a bookaboLrt
the , 'of d m qht efd Topof the i \r'/at
! oLrn\,rafmn!, afe:tedb! nr,lf made
lrc snal,are of tlre !,rofst offendeft,tre
t0,- em 55on! lJLrl,
urt a teriesol devaltitln!
U5A,lrourl oLlLarlLar
alrarlle
rLrffrcane5
h t r15li!lf fn( ea5laaiasls
Tr,,,ro
nls \,/.r5,rrorkrll 0f nfotlLefaltatterpfojeat
_lears
Lhcelfertaf il oba ,rarrnf! on rLifiaan€tn
tuperJlrrfir,

dLr0LrL
\nlana aent€f
fofAlmosphef
a
theAtant[, arf ! !iL$]Llre
in B0! der,Coo a(loAt tre t me,a nLrnrbef
ol ! o ef t
Re5earah
rLrffaane5
!r'ereh llirlllthe(,LrI anl eastaoatttof tre lll^,
!o agked
the ]e.rd
rotaby (irtrra, thalwfeakcaNe\('Orlenrs,
of NIARl\40qlest0r5, s !] rrb.r'"r,nrinll. fe. ity,.f.l t 1
aoL]
d nnlone
manmaie?Heloo[edirl ric as I | ,.!asrnal Hov,/
Hellnvemea shoftlltorin
stl beaslnq5uah
bas| (Lre91or]t?
0rs\'!lthothef
0na matesaenae,
ard irflcrfrfllrcfdltaut5
saentst5camchomeror! rlcd thnLLh!,rainfennrr ler,y'
probem.
serioLrs

the factthat
It's time we all accepted
canmakea differen(e.

everyone
\,,/e, I reirsedI h.d L0bc rnoe lhin llrlt i (lfe.LdEblt
e r ! r o n m € r t5at , p d yr l l i r l f f t l m a r fm ! r e y e a a h m 0 n t l l
to Frefd5ol theEarth
L0eille fy rof!( enre Salempoyed
Losceharu/
my
tomeone
to do irr eao d Lar mf lrolrge


@

t"ua *,. i,,,".'i.*

again.find answersto rbesequestioDs.

Whv did Ed.h go ro America jn 2003?
2 Wh) clo you thinh rhe tcad ot NC,{R was surprjscd by !ckl}.:s
Whv was Ed.h':scol\.ers.rLion\yirh rtre scienrisrso significant?
In \rhar $a)s did E.l.ly beconremore rhdniusr a .dire(t debir
e.!rronnrenralisfl
s whv.locs Eddl mcnrion peopte tikc C;anclhtand Nctson

@t

\\orl. in tair\. t)i\ u\\ rh,\, qu(ni,n_
I ook ar rhis sayirgr ilnor lou, trlo? llo.
4
' r o m$ h o r l W h a r d o ) o u a r i r k i t n c a n s ?

What do )ou rhmk ts nrvolved in lialirg.n
e c o a u d l r . l o n eo n y o u r h o u l c ?
Ilo\' green'do votr ttlinh yoru lilest\,le isl
Ilow coul.l\'olr aDd )our home be ,greerer'l
\\l]at could elery fc|son innne.tiaretydo to
lighrcllnarc chrngcl

HelpwithGrammar
Se€Preview.p75.
t$t lerb fonns .lo nor atN.tls rfer ro pasr tnre
rhese pairs ofsenrcnces.
@ a)ThenConrpare
ans!r'er the qu€sridrs.
1 al ttb tirne ro accepl rhe trct rhir
erer)o'ie can nake a difcrcnce.
b) lrs (i|ne we all acc.pred Lhe tact rhal
creDore can Drakea ctifierencc.
2 a ) t c l s o o n e r d o o . c o f r h ej o h s
b) Id $ono somcon€ etsc ,vas doing on.

fnf l,i aa!( beaome
lrrener,ard i,,cntakrt! to a |eetinll0f my oai
! erf Paflyl eft lltc/|eel|!l irsthcairfdlite lof ml ;rr,a f the
rltomfq l!r:aqolcrftmenl
clcatonrafdlltreeal0f orla|irerlol il
firurhb !!lcr.f..
Foft r{] imr bei|o 'm 0( .boul.loinqrlth loL:r5
bLrtI .dm t it,, hifd
llf!t0
Lc\'eryllti|ll

f, t0 obror5i! l'd 5rorer\Lr r0/leereu/.ts
r! fll 0rr !t ir. jol5 lf 1.[t, r/0t]dpfef.,rt rl. krl mor peopc
lot
'm
rlrr.i,/ rNol,r.d
LtLrt
io|frd.it Lhiritrir r,, .rpe .5 peopre
5ee
Lnrit
\|reaf|fot cofLItLle
tarlve asth0Lrlh
lhep,lrcthad!|lm td
rc5!Lrfaer
nIa;n LlI miL-(irapirit,,,
lo:btorbtre clleat,olevef
trrirlefa0rsLmfri
rxt.
3

1

lirereE af araerLlrpafe5r]
5;! !, Orei! thefi||ref 0r ter
llro!;af( El,er.rtir
|! beqrtr !r tr Lh.:fd v lLrall))r pefsll|ahanlJcs
ara 5eltol i aira|lieI n tirthef
lcr50f,n t.l soitroesor, elef I t
1 i k : 5 .l r c i r t d r .1 ) [ t m el l t h e . u l l _ one t l r ei n r ] ! d L ri ;r p r o f o ! | d
afi l0rLJsc!'rf
fe a,!fq0r pfe,/erLi|!l

sLllfcrrrq,
tllt r:ranlle
he0 sha
5.:15
0ll if oiheft,",r
i 5e . the! *rtrr ant I.r fe.(hir! tookat Llrc
|l itrstof\r
0r leopc lromfirlremodern
llreatfel!lo!5lenLher5
Ifires
5uafasG.Itdrian{ Na1t0fxlafdel:l
0J
.
..,.c
o
c
0

.

C

O . C O D ' . D ,

rn ireI rloortte!0trer\r5ethEyljetpLrt0if b! {lrflkrn!Lheyr.ve to
Lfan{la
Llrcr'/or( ArdtlritL
!,r h;r)!ena|y,,,,,a!,
Ir,r'ei l0oL]flL
jLrtt;,' tt e nrrrr

irfl perh.rp5
e.o: .onnecred
lo llre envifonfn.nr

3 a) r'd prefer ro ger drcct1y nvolved
b) t'd prcter ir ifa lor morc pcopl€ gor
direcrh. involvcd
a a) r'.1ralher look ar rhe smal ttrirgs I
b) l'd rarher peopte tooked ar rire sm,ru
things rhe| could do
i) Do an) of rhe scn((.Dccsrcter ro past
i i ) D o a l l L h . s c n r e n . c st c l l u s w h a t L h e
spcaker would like ro happcDl
b) Look agah at rhe scmrencesin 5a).
\\'}ich verbs (pink or blue) are nrfinirile
terb forms? Which .r€ eirh€r past Simtlle
or Pasl Continuonsl
c) Look at rhe subjecrs in botd in the
sentencesin 5a). TheD choose rhe conecr
whcn ira ln,.. r',rld soo,w, voutd rother,
and r.&ld f,./ir ii ilare tolo\red bl a
s bjcci + \erb, we use a, t rrl'y€lapaji
\Ve c.n also sa\' it\ drori tinc... or at!
hish rtn. . ro slrggestsonething is utgenr:
lr\ ligl ti,'r rr. r{dli!.d llc.dnl t.fp risingllp
th. cdrth\ 'cnnr..s lit. rJri\

d) check in

pr4l.

8,A
@

uar.e sentences
wlth,thescwor.ls. Sonetimesmore than
possrDre.
oDennswerrs
1
2
i
a
5
6

I / prefer it ill $,e / meet / at the cincma.
I / sooncr / David / do / the clearing up.
ft / tin€ / h.r!e / a break.
\ve / prctcr / go / on Tuesdal
I / mdlcr / )ou / noi smoke / iD herc.
lt / abouLtime / Pcrc/ a.lDit / he Nas wrong.

a) Ti€k drc correct sentences.Then conect the mistakes.
Sometimcs there is nore than one possible answer
1 lkl raiher leopl€ .loni drop liller in lhe streets.
2 lkl sooner tra'cl by tr.rin tlun by bus.
3 l'd prefer Dor€ p€ople \rere environnenrally corFcblrs.
Irs higli tiDc pcople slop uslng cars in cities.
5 I'd rarher ny taniily spend nrore time rogether

I d prcfer it itp€ople dont use rheir mobileson pubLicbanspo .
IIs tinre i liarl a holxla,r:
8 I'd prefer I Livcnca.cr to the coasl

b) Work in paiE. Compare answersc) Tat(elurns to saywhich sentemesare true lor,vou.
Ask lollo$'up questions.

Listening
andSpeaking
@

a) chech the rncaninsof dese words
soot scrrb anincineratorfederalbw

',:.l.ii:.,],i.,'
] .:,,:,..t:.,..:,.,:,i':
i:t:t..:',i:,:ii:iii
:,':,i'.:,jiri
GJ

b) . r. Listen to Fddy talking al'ort
HazelHenderson,an ordinary woman
who has madea significantdiflcrenceto
thc world. Choosethc correctaDswerin thesesentences.
1 ,{11the children$4roplayedin the locaLparlt iI
Ne$ Yorksere dtlyrll.
in ger\ingbette.playgrcuntls
in pak/levek of
2 liazcLsuccee.led
airpolLutian

nadepublic
UsAlgavemnents
3 Hazclis row an advisarto thePrcsidentafthe
allrcundthewarld.
c) $brk in groups of three. Yo are each going to summarise
part ofHazel Henderson!story Studer( A.look at list 1.
SrudentB. look at list 2. StudentC, look at list 3. which of
rhe itcrns ftom your list could you already talk about?
jobs. New lork, an American
1 Eristol,school,qualitlcations,
2 locaLplaigrolLnd,sool,pollution, othernothcrs and chiklrcn
3 iD Ncw Yofk.lhe qualil) of the air.AtsCnc$,sneLwork.
veaih.r [ortcasrs
d) Listen again.N{akenoteson your sectionof the story.

a) lmaein.\ ou could\1,(rd an .r.ning
\virh rhrc. ldnrou\txotjl( rhar)ou rhi|ll.
havemade a differenceto the rvorld,
positively or ncgatively They can be fron
the prescntor the past. which three
people would you choose and rvh14
b) \\tite one questionyou rvould like to
ask eachofyour guests.
a) $brk nr p,'irs. Sa,vwho you chosc
ancl what questnnr you would asl..
\Vhat topics ofconvcrsatidr night tour
b) Agree on the threc most interesling

(i,:ix"i" ^^" ii'"*""J'r-.
;r

.
'
cir',
r'i'u***"r""i,"a
Johntennon.Hsmuschad
a greatlifluen.eon theworld.

e) Think about how (o summariseyour part ofthe sbry [5tu9
fie prompts lrom 8c)nnd your not€s.

c) Tc)l the class rlrc your thrcc gucsts arc
and the topics ofconversatirn that are
Iikely to conreup.

fl ln the sarnegroupsof three,take tums to read out your
sumnary Do you think you havecoveredall thc manr potuts?

d) which group woLtldyou like to.ioin lbr
the eveningl 'l\hl]


Fear!

i
I
'

...
QUICKREVIEW
aboutyourself:

Mo5tol
Usefourof thesepromptsto writetrueandfatsesentences
ny friendsprefer...;I'dNefetit if ny tiends... I I'dsooner...il'd ratherldidn'thave
Taketurnsto sayyour
to ... i lthink it'stimeto ... i lt'sabouttimeL.. .Workin pairs.
sentences
aretrueor false,
sentences,
Cuessif vouroartner's

I
i

Vocabutarywrerever,
whoevet,
whatever,
etc.)
wordbuitding(2):suffixes
Reviewpastv€rbformswith
or tuturemeaning
Present

Lislening
andVocabulary

@

a) \lork in pairs. lisc ss theseques(ions.
Do you agreeon \rliich photos. A f. illustrarc erch ot thcse
cmolions: anger: disgustt feartjori sa.lDess;surprise?

Do )ou Ihink.tll cultures experiencethe sane basic
3 How do )ou think basic rmotions he\rcd our ancestorsto
sLry alive?
a whrt other enrotions are there besidcsthe basic ones?
b) : r , Listcn to a radio programme about emotions.
Check your ansrvers to qrestions 2-4 in I a).
c) Listen again. Read these quotes from the radio
programme and answer the questions.
1 'Whoevcr said that is \trorlg." Said whall
2 'whcrcv€r rhis experini€nt lvas crrried oul. lhe resuhs
\\'ere rire same." What cxperinenLl
'
3 '$'hocvcr sa$ the photos identilied the sane emotions.
\Vhich crnotions?
a 'Whenevcr vou do dlis irl pivar€ ... its udikel.,- to cause
emb.trrassment. Dowliat?
s 'Thar's dre cliff{:rencebetween higher and basic emotions.'
d) $brk nr gro(ps. Discuss wheth€r this statement is true
or not. Cotrsider lllings such as sports, food, dress, attitude
ro relatiolrships. attitude to animals, pfvac,v, etc.
Thi,rgstlrat "right rnaJirptoplerom onc.ultutr ptoud.
cn}a, r.lss.l, .guiltlt dlglri sdd.disgrsl.d, hdppl,ter. nighl nor
rri$t.r rlr. sdn. .,rotion in peoplclrotn dnoLho .ltlture.

a) Read thc rule. Then natch the n'ords in
bold in sentences l -1 in 1c) to meanings a)
q h , r $ , r d d , ' , , r oq , r { o , q r J . , l ' ' ,
whoca.r,Dh.nc1'cr. hd.('rer.rihi.h.1.f,,rolrrrr,)
ir usuall)'has one ol rhesemerniLus:
a ) l t d o c s n t n r a t i e rn ' h e r e ,$ h o . \ r h e n , e t c . l L

c a n b e a n , vp l a c e ,a n y o n e ,a n ) r i l l l e .
srdrl rheo.peri,n.nt h.rl]lcrloll ndrll lo.
(i( doesnt nratlcr n'hen you sla )
a;ivcrhc rcsrltsro lfho(1cr xdnts lhcrl.
(anyone \aho vanrs lhenr)
b ) A n u n k n o w n p l a c e .p e r s o r . r i l n e .e t c .
jt)b.
urtocf.r Lrrctc lhis rcforr did .'lanLasLrc
(l don t kno\a who the person was)
; '::,i r: Wicn&.rc:n also mean t'\,ery rime :
W?l.ftlersll€.dlls, I,1 o . (= eyer! tLmeshc
c a l l s ,l m o u t . )
\ \ a ' o . . , , , , , 1 , , 1 , , r, r, l ' r . d r f , , 1. ' r ' . r h ,
subject or rhc objecr ol the verb: whoeref nrx
1'otr... (subjeco whoer€' _1,ori
sd'i ... (objeco
b) Check in

p1,10.