Giáo trình tiếng Nhật trung cấp An integrated approach to intermediate Japanese (Revised edition): Phần 1
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Copyright
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2008 by Akira Miwa and Naomi Hanaoka McGloin
reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sto¡ed in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
All rights
First edition: J¡ne 1994
Revised edition: July 2008
5th printing: September 2009
Recordings: Kazusa Amagai, Takaomi Ashizawa, Takeshi Maruyama and Kiyoko Nagaki
Illustrations: Seiji Okada and Shizuo Okuda
Layout and Cover art: Hiroshi Ueda+Z'ebra
Tlpesetting: Soju Co., Ltd.
Published by The Japan Times, Ltd.
5-4, Shibaura 4-chome, Minato-ku,
Tel: O3-3453-2013
http://bookclub japantimes.co
http://ij japantimes.co
jpl
ISBN978-4-7890-1307 -9
Printed in Japan
jp/
Toþo
108-0023, Japan
Aẫ*. 7994+l-HH[
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1
IT
URE No
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a
Meeting Someone in Japan
hen you meet someone in Japan for the first time, you bow as you say either ft UtD
t U( or ¿)ê &Zt (, or both. You also exchang" ä#|J (cards) if you have them. tn
Japan, everyone other than children, students or full-time housewives is expected to carry
them. Sometimes even university students choose to carry them for prestige.
How low you should bow depends on who you are as well as whom you meet. ln general,
women tend to bow lower than men, and if you meet a person whose status is higher than
yours on the Japanese social scale, you should bow lower than the other person, e.g., your
teacher, a friend's parent, etc.
lntroducing Oneself or Others
elf-introductions occur quite frequently in Japan. At a reception for new students, for
example, you may be asked to introduce yourself in Japanese. State your name, the
name of your home institution, your majoç and end it all with ¿iä&ôt-,( and a bow.
When you introduce two people to each other, the rule of thumb is to introduce the
person of lower status to the person of higher status. lt would be nice to also add a
comment or two about each person, as lkeda does in âãÉ 2 of this lesson.
Q
J
How to Address Someone
lTt he most common way to address an adult is "last name plus ûfu," but don't overuse û
I Ívl To address people who have titles such .r #H (section chief), $bH {aepartment
chief), iiH f.o*puny president), etc., use the titles instead of ðfu. To address teachers,
always use#Eä. Above all, avoid usingõt*lc. lt could be quite insulting. The use of first
names is limited in Japan: they are used within a family, by higher-status members addressing lower-status members (e.9., parents addressing children, or older siblings talking
to younger siblings), or they are sometimes used among close friends.
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++
76
.RĂ, Ă,
junior high school
20
Ăl
next door; next to
xffi.
family
o?; Ă
(- ự: ) EE ồ
Ătu'
f.t+ I
ẩ?Ă
a
ffi\,Ă.ự
ị
-)
woman
Ithasbeen
a;rangedtlnal[>>>E;ấz- Ăe]
to go home
ĂĂt-ỡĂ
5 ọ)'ẩ
[female given name]
+- rutfc
6ftH
15
k
Wứ
a
to
graduate (from
work
1Ăo1
-);
employed (at
vóĂ Ă'Ă'
-pri Ă' Fủ
7E
-
atrỗ*
-)
week(s)
to take
ừav
ó/'
r:t *
Eẫ=ẫ
to be returning home
[>>>*itu -t's]
lfamily name]
lmale given r'a'n'ef
diary
very (much)
r,
'rt
(of
to be
vacation
I ,ffiõ ồ (è)
to stay (over night) [u.i.l
-)
ồ
flF
t
W.a
one night
-vh
'
tL lẫ* 6
last month
@;,,t.ito
ậilJ
[u.i.]
tt -i il l:rĂ c'C.\,õ
to talk to
lfamily name]
o
-)
ttt
3 mEl
(-t:)
hn/at
ffiré,ậặJ togrowup (in-)
*
l
bountiful;plenty
to be born
to sit (inlon
,1,
2 'Jủõ
.
ậH (rĂ)
lu.i.l
U
fF
knowledge
5,
airplane
{t
z
frffi
.-a-
[male given name]
L
t ủTrffi
F:
culture
It,
e<
/.ựl
xlb
j'u*
Ltt,
ffi
to play
ậJỡ
77
a[.r
Ht:
to like
-)
-;
tobe fond
while; during the time
when
\ !1it-,
ffiH
L-:-
parents lkt., b o+Jt parentsJ
4
ffi
place
ot' u
18 AfriJ
(name) card; business
catd
ttĂ, Ă tèĂ,ci
ậffi#ồ
att
telephone number
L
Narita (International
Airport)
2 ịèEl
- a-l
town; city
FT
's
(-t:)ậ
(
to arrive (at
-)
^l
vstitr tj Ă't"
+ ffiffirủ
n'Ătl a
it takes [with respect to
time or moneyJ [u.l.J
tỡ't, ^Ă,
ET-}ặ Effi
-
International Date Line
-
14
*oFĂ
same
IEI l-)
(.r-t;,_ -
4#
tt5.
to welcome; to meet; to
grcet
W,;i,tỵ.ỳfrỹ:
'
{óé 6
15
rt
/Ă
it has been decided/
arcanged that
-
[>>>*;t.u
,. f-,
- le]
17
i
4F'h
to call
-
by
-l: ('!.
hardto
cf
rr ilEỵa Ă.
-;
difficult to
-
sầl
rf(
when
ật"
[>>*,*/-t-.8]
iĂ.ia,,.12ĂĂ
polite
-ỡ- ns7
.s7
u t LĂ-i'n
ẫẫ ủật /ị
fluentỵ
ụ'! ilĂ-a
ồ+
zr
itc<
lL apartmeợthunting
to be surprised
last year
way (of doing something)
nearby; in the
and then; after that
middle-aged
beautiful
tTụ.
ffi
daughter
! ( {Ă ,-/Ă Ă.
can't possibly
-
[>>ftọl-tỡr1]
{tĂri
22,
to take someone to
Xậ ự,Lựt ựit:
ở ỡ-fr
gĂammar
i
way of thinking
[>>>*,*z- Ă rz]
to differ; to be different
to walk
TI
appropriate; suitabie
-a
to find
selấintroduction
1
f,lĂ.
t
ĂĂle Ă
flcIT 6
young
man;male
- a-f
iỡậ4 (ĂĂ)
[>>>gậz-t.ro]
H+
neighborhúod
n ỳ<
V
W,#,ffi,-ù.,ùlg;*r:tw,,,q,i,, ,,
jet lag
ỗ
Vẩ6
++
to sleep
è'
acquainlance
t' vri #'lu
attt
-
fr^
rs 4'ĂĂ, t,
somehow; no matter
how hard one may try
7
tonight
...
't: t
HEA
-
ruĂl ru
+W
ft:
firstname
older
ffi#nZ
to decide to
[>>>giấ./- F9]
u 5'r.
'vi
utẩ
to move to a new place
of residence
ồ :rlĂ,1
oneself
7r-^1.i.-
r'
(-?"'t') EFs
ỡ:ợ õ
tồ.r,.
-
õ+ỡ
E
51
to have
stay (over
night) [u.r.]
i] t: /J =
-
;.
ẩ't:Ă,
airport
tWLa
Ăt
ùl.tffit
tz
ten plus a few hours
-
lu.t.l
-6 Lt'
it seems that -;
evidently [>>>g;ẫ.2- t' tĂ]
n rt'Ăv1 < -Y J v,
culture shock
* I 1 *,,,,,
ỳ
at!
5ậ
{
,-m
-aTi \- \E
(' aot
o.#.ỡ 6
tt.&\-
ftlL
z.ẫtlt
Ă.
7.
a.B#
HU
ts.ợ7
.
Ff
g.ó4
vấ r.ftfY
*affiự.
s.
to.:1ffi
rs.S4
ro.#Hl
tz.frYWọ
tt.E
rsr+) i .tg.ấ.
zo.
zt.*,trt
zz.rFY
zs.XlV
z+.*'W
zs:lủ 6
zo.W.6
zt.ặ.*. {L õ
za.frl^
zg.ff#
so.iẫ* 6
gz.
Hl
zz.tợ
z+.*
Ăs.tẫffi.j
so. Bẫẫ
sz.ịlEl
ea. FJ
sq.ậ (
o.lEI
+t.Hl}
z.lf
[.
+z.f|fr
+s.ỹ
(
+.trffiEl
+s.HlE
L t,.
q.
gr. -i, Ă,:
*>
]',õ
+ứ.*ff
CHto''
ứ.ffi
n.ậ
(to.été õ
\- rr{'L
zt.-W
zo.ợ'Ă4,
Ăr.
[F
t4't\
'
ỵ
r)l,
tậE
+r.ffi
2.ffiffi
Ln
ọr
2.ffiffi
t
-l(
4.
9
Xlậ
+.8ẫ
Ă.1&Bl
Eli&
s.@ffi
s.W
tỡ
rĂ.ftfiffi
tq.lặõ
rz. -ỡEỷHl
re.{rF[H
rs.H#
zz.ủ#,
zs.&frrJ
-,'Ăl r"t'rl[--ỡ
rz. Bl
cft&T
3sụ'
5ỵrr tz
tJ
lv
'.AdH{ỳ48#R
ss. HE6
gg.
ọ1.
\
so.4
,n.##
zg.*ffi
't
M.ẫILõ
eq. ậl E
l)
Lfr
l[ffi
s.
Lr,,
rz.tr;#ậậ
zz.fọffifậ
L*4
gz. ffiậ
ffi
t0.&ffi,
4#)
rs
Yrỡ' /
20.ấ)
zs.E
so.rtồ- 61
/
t1'
5v(
b5ffiậ
l.ụ'
0.
*aót,.
]f{
42.ặ)
This radical comes from and is used for characters representing human
conditions, activities, etc.
t{ l t_{Ft fổt rd
| o' V (plain past) Wlrrỳl ='have just done something; have just finished
doing something'
lóffil >.t >>>t#tr:tcứn'o] [a*r >.6>>>4#t lrmao]
a)
/tSl:l\e
tI{lt,
rr
li.
. +^ffir" L Ă i "
(Since she hasjust entered college, she is probably 18.)
b) ấ/\/Ă |ffirI) ẩ. ũ. ỵ/J7)r)ỡĂ'z lf t.T.-l-.
(I have just eaten, so I am full.)
c) FIA^?|:ẫtfỏ'tlo) ụựt. Elaffiỡ*r.ẩ rĂ ( tậb * L/Ă"
(When I was a newcomer to Japan,I had trouble understanding Japanese.)
2rr, ửO)
lóffit >t.ts>>>ứo2=zt*l
Both ụ o) and 4 0) canbe used with the meaning 'that -' when an item you are referring to
is not in sight. ú ỉ is used when both the speaker and the hearer are (oi are assumed to be)
:*iftupeiroĂ'or',ihittẫ-
,.,:,f
- - tinl"ftậh, y
,:"Wmun.j'.'l. 4, 2,ứ.sttũựta 'usea.,ln,tllis,:passage, theuse
!L and * r u ự are familiar with the class.
a)
A fỳỡ4 *
iè ỉ ựlHỡ r.- i
ủớt'f
trp
oi,t
ttứ
oĂ_$e'fr9"g,3f.Ăs.Ă4ĂIl4iar,,
inAicat"q,ĂfĂ-a,ttop,A,ỳftỡ:
.
(The town I was born in is calied Tọkayama.)
B
?OtrJự* é.ồ,/ĂffiJ"Tồ."
(What kind of town is that?)
ẩ
b)A
ẩỉ
I
l.1
i. *+BAffiỉ2 iziJ!.r)
4 )vó
,1:t.* Ll.
(Yesterday, I met Lyle-san, who was in our Japanese class last year.)
bb- troL.
B
(oh, how is he
[:
"
7 Lf t. * Tồ."
that personl doing?)
lóe;z>t.tz>>>Rffiậffi2&órra2rcl
J oot V(plain) &51lõ
,,
s a ch3r-rge ,which has Ăakei ẩJgị,9,ỵ.i..wrill place.
fusr as -{je.ốiiĂrtr
/Ăồ; * i,r!:,is,ins-9,$,... ',,',1
,:. .'',,t,'.,':.t,..t'r-':..',l. ĂĂ,i:;..lĂ,l.tir
r,.
.,.
Ă'
,n9,'r,*ittt
a
) Bọ^ffic -C.tt, ự. Bft:@ffiỵ#2 J ọ E tỳ) * I,t"
ti a
(I came to have an interest in Japan after I went to Japan.)
'ỡt'lự U
l.L:,
b) W+ỵffi\frLlr ựlftè. BAffiỉtrHẩỡ#ử 6 ea Ef/r t, *ậtu"
(Unless you study kanji, you won't become able to read Japanese newspapers.)
13
*l 1 *,,,,,
c) .0)c67, yr^ự ố Laỗ i?ấ^6ea|.;ftt1*.t,t"
(These days,{mericans also eat sashimi and tofu land this is a changeJ.)
{rrr,
ló:lậ,z > t. z s >>> z ó
-tó,ớ6
?ẩóLỡ v
eaứl
::':.1ỡr' ..:
:r ..
:
:.'...
This is a sentence-final particle of exclamation. It rS geủgrallĂ us"'Ău',s11e, one':s feộIin,
II.
;,.:e-mỵhổicall,y oi onố's wish ốrnútivờly. "
:
a)
Wofttt>"
(I don't know what to do!)
b) -ấr7 Y rtnTr->1,ụ.r!-/Jú.
(I wish I could go to Africa once!)
i e,, saying something.without an addresĂổ
iủ..mind',.s&en.itis.said.wjth.Ăur.:intốntioi..of..gốtting..a:.iesỵonqộ.'fr.omanaddresSee,-'jú
This.'eĂpres.sr9Ă,ha,s.'a,flavor.'of'l,mo.aologlte:
-
..,.
c) ụ LJỡ b Tỡtừ"
(Long time no see!)
d)
ẩẩfl ( Sc//ú"
(You did WELL!)
$ ',' V(plain) õ
[õff :
>z.e >>> Ra
xt zổnuctl
l
iồèrneaủs,
som .l,-,trit:.
,-,tlv-(p.l
a) t, x ) él'rẩ. qiớ*zl õ zụr,("Tỡ- t'? L J ự: ồ: f'Tẩ."
l:,- :lil.r:..',:1.:rili
: i rr. r':., :: , ):. , ...::l
,i :
.
: :. :. -: :. ), :;: .: :., :):,:.:a. ! .:.::r t:il::a _ rJ'r.r: ỡ.::ii,ti : :. 1,
preqehé ẩ
(I am aboat to eat right now, so why don't you join me?)
b) 4t, Ă i
éậỏ'tt
6zụợ0)ợ- ứ-eH#vL*T.
(I am about to go out, so I will call you later.)
c) z{ttt,6ấ,\ó
zụợt.
(I am about to eat.)
d)
õấĂẩ
e)
õấĂluró
Z ụl". 6 SỏlJ ẩ.llT
(I have just eaten, so I am not hungry.)
-
L.( !' * ri,"
ồ. ũ i ,)l-'ặc t
e-eKứCl lngrwcitt
( l'- 1..
(I am lin the midst ofl eating right now, so please wait a little.)
ZụlĂ"ẩ.
.
,,,,,#i
ấ^ó zụTT
ZụTt
ấ^/c
^l
ấ/s?rró zụTT
$ "' V(plain) Ztl=lclỹrọ='be
expected/supposed to;
it is a rule/custom that -'
lóff: > t. 3 >>> 1fr:.ó t
V(plain) ZởJ=tclc='it
has been decided/arranged that
tra
a
zrrtậ]
-'
l#aryz > . z >>>iẫị
ở,:.ẩ.1:-r*.ó4tồ,/;:tẩtl.liĂỡ,;,:.,Ă,i
a) Họ"e9ffi
i
õ f: / :
(
l,r
õ ó ở l=re (
rr
*f
#,
* T"
(I am to teach English in Japan.)
b)
óĂ U rft4..ự:
"
(I am supposed to meet my teacher tomorrow.)
c) Bọỉõlf
(
d)
'e
L :'
ft#ỵ I
has been an anged
llcZh
[It
õ E I=t U * 1,, t"
that] i will be working at a J apanese company.
)
x+ffiòr õ z Iit tĂ :f L /Ă"
(
ltt
has come about thatl I
t)
will
e) E#0tX.t:_L7)ỡ6ffiựi- (
get marned next year.)
cỵb(
T-t.(ỹr:f
r"
(When you enter a Japanese house, you are supposed to take offyour shoes.)
f)
ọtil,2
ffiE-e tt Bọffir*ậẫT E /Ă
: ( ỹr !f r.
(You are supposed to speak Japanese in the classroom.)
