The PAs complete guide to prescribing drug therapy 2018

“This appears to be an excellent prescribing reference that both PA students and practicing
PAs in all types of clinical settings will find very useful.”
Andrew W. Hull, PA-C
Director, Chair, and Assistant Professor of Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan
College, Tennessee
“This is a user-friendly, compact, and thorough prescribing guide with very helpful crossreferencing and useful appendices that will be a benefit to any practicing PA.”
Heather C. Justice, MSPAP, PA-C
Assistant Professor, Milligan College, Tennessee; Palliative Care Practitioner,
Wellmont Medical System, Kingsport, Tennessee
“This is a great idea. There are many websites, apps, and booklets with similar information.
But everyone likes a document that is special for their profession . . . the treatment
recommendations will be valuable . . . this will be well received by PAs . . . [particularly by]
newer graduates.”
Lucy W. Kibe, DrPH, MS, MHS, PA-C
Director of Doctoral Education, Assistant Professor, Department of Physician
Assistant Medicine, School of Graduate Health Sciences, Lynchburg College,
Lynchburg, Virginia
“The text material is well-thought out and organized. Categorizing the information
by diagnosis allows for quick and easy referencing in the classroom or in the clinic. The
expanded prescribing information . . . provides succinct clinical pearls that are invaluable
to the clinician in training and the seasoned provider alike.”
Maureen Knechtel, MPAS, PA-C
Assistant Professor, Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan College, Tennessee
“A clinical ‘must’ in today’s busy  practice  environment . . . brilliantly linking the most
common disease entities with a most user-friendly and extremely well laid out prescribing
guide. . . .”
Keith Lafferty, MD, FAAEM
Co-Director Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Education, Gulf
Coast Medical Center, Fort Myers, Florida; Adjunct Assistant Professor of
Emergency Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

“Excellent resource for physician assistants whether practicing or in training. All the
necessary information is at your fingertips—not only Rx relevant,  but clinically also. A
must-have in your personal medical reference collection!”
Amee Naidu, MMS, PA-C
Director of Student Affairs, Senior Lecturer, MEDEX  NW–Physician  Assistant
Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington


Mari J. Wirfs, PhD, MN, RN, ANP-BC, FNP-BC, CNE, is a nationally certified adult
nurse practitioner (ANCC since 1997) and family nurse practitioner (AANP since
1998) and certified nurse educator (NLN since 2008). Her career spans 45  years
in collegiate undergraduate and graduate nursing education and clinical practice
in critical care, pediatrics, psychiatric–mental health nursing, and advanced
practice primary care nursing. Her PhD is in higher education administration and
leadership. During her academic career, she has achieved the rank of professor with
tenure in two university systems. She is a frequent guest lecturer on a variety of
advanced practice topics to professional groups and general health care topics to
community groups.
Dr. Wirfs was a member of the original medical staff in the establishment of
Baptist Community Health Services, a community-based nonprofit primary care
clinic founded post-hurricane Katrina in the New Orleans Lower Ninth Ward.
Since 2002, Dr. Wirfs has served as clinical director and primary care provider at
the Family Health Care Clinic, serving faculty, staff, students, and their families at
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (NOBTS). She is also adjunct graduate
faculty, teaching Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, in the NOBTS
Guidance and Counseling program. She is a long-time member of the National
Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), Sigma Theta Tau National
Honor Society of Nursing, and several other academic honor societies.
Dr. Wirfs has completed, published, and presented six quantitative research
studies focusing on academic leadership, nursing education, and clinical practice

issues, including one for the Army Medical Department conducted during her
8 years reserve service in the Army Nurse Corps. Dr. Wirfs has co-authored family
primary care certification review books and study materials. Her first prescribing
guide, Clinical Guide to Pharmacotherapeutics for the Primary Care Provider, was
published by Advanced Practice Education Associates (APEA) from 1999 to 2014.
The APRN’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018 (launched in
2016), The APRN’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Pediatric Drug Therapy 2018
(launched in 2017), and The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy
2018 (launched in 2017) are Springer Publishing handbook editions accompanied
by the free e-book version with quarterly electronic updates.


t
The PA’s Complete Guide to
Prescribing Drug Therapy
2018
Mari J. Wirfs, PhD, MN, RN, ANP-BC,
FNP-BC, CNE


Copyright © 2018 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate
fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax
978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036

www.springerpub.com
Acquisitions Editor: Margaret Zuccarini
Composition: Exeter Premedia Services Private LTD.
ISBN: 978-0-8261-6656-2
e-book ISBN: 978-0-8261-6657-9
17 18 / 5 4 3 2 1
This book is a quick reference for health care providers practicing in primary care settings. The information
has been extrapolated from a variety of professional sources and is presented in condensed and summary
form. It is not intended to replace or substitute for complete and current manufacturer prescribing
information, current research, or knowledge and experience of the user. For complete prescribing
information, including toxicities, drug interactions, contraindications, and precautions, the reader is
directed to the manufacturer’s package insert and the published literature. The inclusion of a particular
brand name neither implies nor suggests that the author or publisher advises or recommends the use of
that particular product or considers it superior to similar products available by other brand names. Neither
the author nor the publisher makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the information,
including any errors or omissions, herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wirfs, Mari J., author.
Title: The PA’s complete guide to prescribing drug therapy, 2018 / Mari J.
Wirfs.
Description: New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, [2018]
Identifiers: LCCN 2017008918 | ISBN 9780826166562
Subjects: | MESH: Drug Therapy | Drug Prescriptions | Physician Assistants |
Handbooks
Classification: LCC RM301.15 | NLM WB 39 | DDC 615.1—dc23
LC record available at />
Contact us to receive discount rates on bulk purchases.
We can also customize our books to meet your needs.
For more information please contact:
Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn.

t

FOREWORD

This is a succinct, pocket-sized prescribing guide that allows speedy drug reference
for over 500 clinical diagnoses. It is a must-have book for both seasoned and new
physician assistants. Unlike traditional pharmacology textbooks, the information has
been organized alphabetically by clinical diagnosis, which allows speedy access of
information by the busy clinician in all settings. The author also did an excellent job of
providing clinically important information, such as mechanisms of action, in a way that
is not overwhelming to the reader. The book is accompanied by an electronic version
allowing periodic content updates to keep users current all year. The author is a very
experienced clinician educator who has worked in various health care settings for over
four decades.
Educators, students, and clinicians from various clinical settings will find this book
very handy. As a primary care PA, I am very excited about the various disease conditions
that are covered in this book. Pharmacologic agents are evolving very quickly; I
commend the author in creating such a current inventory and for keeping us up to date
with the current treatment guidelines. With the rapidly changing treatment algorithms
and drug prices, prescribers need to have up-to-date references at their fingertips. This
book does exactly that. It provides excellent resources on the various drugs that can
be used for different conditions. It discusses drug rationales, side effects, efficacy, and
safety as well as drug-to-drug interactions.
Whether you are a PA working in outpatient or inpatient settings, or in pediatrics
or geriatrics, this book is an easy go-to resource for your prescribing needs. For PA
educators and students, this book should be recommended in your syllabus.
Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MMSc, PA-C
Assistant Clinical Professor

Director of the Physician Assistant Program
University of California Davis Medical Center

v


t

CONTENTS

Foreword Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MMSc, PA-C  v
Reviewers  xxi
Abbreviations  xxiii
Preface  xxx
Acknowledgments  xxxi
Share The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018

SECTION I: DRUG THERAPY BY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Acetaminophen Overdose  3
Acne Rosacea  3
Acne Vulgaris  4
Acromegaly  8
Actinic Keratosis  8
Alcohol Dependence/Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome  9
Aldosterone Receptor Blocker  216
Allergic Reaction: General  10
Allergic Sinusitis  381
Alzheimer’s Disease  11
Amebic Dysentery (see Amebiasis)  12
Amebiasis  12

Amebic Liver Abscess  13
Amenorrhea: Secondary  14
Anaphylaxis  14
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)  15
Anemia: Folic Acid Deficiency  16
Anemia: Iron Deficiency  16
Anemia: Megaloblastic/Anemia: Pernicious  16
Angina Pectoris: Stable  17
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)  212
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)  213
Ankylosing Spondylitis (see Osteoarthritis)  292
Anorexia/Cachexia  20
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)  20
Anxiety Disorder: Generalized (GAD)/Anxiety Disorder: Social (SAD)  22
Aphthous Stomatitis (Mouth Ulcer, Canker Sore)  26
Arterial Insufficiency (Peripheral Vascular Disease, PVD) Arthritis
(see Gouty Arthritis)  163
Aspergillosis (Scedosporium apiospermum, Fusarium spp.)  27
Asthma  28
vi


C o n t e n t s ■ vii

Atrophic Vaginitis  37
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  37
Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis  41
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV; Gardnerella vaginalis)  43
Baldness: Male Pattern  44

Bartonella Infection (Cat Scratch Fever)  71
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Superficial (see Actinic Keratosis)  8
Bell’s Palsy  44
Benign Essential Tremor  44
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)  45
Bile Acid Deficiency  46
Binge Eating Disorder  46
Bipolar I Disorder: Depression  47
Bipolar I Disorder: Mania  51
Bite: Cat  54
Bite: Dog  55
Bite: Human  56
Blepharitis  57
Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial  89
Bloating (see Flatulence)  148
Boil (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)  396
Bordetella pertussis  332
Breast Abscess (see Mastitis)  261
Breast Cancer: Prophylaxis  58
Bronchiolitis  59
Bronchitis: Acute/Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)  59
Bronchitis: Chronic/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)  63
Bulimia Nervosa  65
Burn: Minor  66
Bursitis  66
Cachexia  20
Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia)  226
Calloused Skin  396
Candidiasis: Abdomen, Bladder, Esophagus, Kidney  66
Candidiasis: Oral (Thrush)  67

Candidiasis: Skin  67
Candidiasis: Vulvovaginal (Moniliasis)  69
Canker Sore (see Aphthous Stomatitis)  26
Carbuncle (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)  396
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)  71
Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella Infection)  71
Cellulitis  73
Cerumen Impaction  76
Chalazion (see Stye)  403


viii ■ C o n t e n t s

Chancroid  76
Chest Wall Syndrome (Costochondritis)  98
Chickenpox (Varicella)  77
Chlamydia trachomatis  78
Cholelithiasis  80
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)  80
Chloasma (see Hyperpigmentation)  206
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)  63
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)  408
Cluster Headache  167
Colic: Infantile  83
Colitis  364
Common Cold (Viral Upper Respiratory Infection [URI])  83
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)  340
Condyloma Acuminata  460
Conjunctivitis: Allergic  85
Conjunctivitis/Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial  89

Conjunctivitis: Chlamydial  93
Conjunctivitis: Fungal  94
Conjunctivitis: Gonococcal  94
Conjunctivitis: Viral  95
Constipation  95
COPD (see Bronchitis: Chronic)  63
Corneal Edema  98
Corneal Ulceration  98
Costochondritis (Chest Wall Syndrome)  98
Cramps: Abdominal, Intestinal  98
Crohn’s Disease  99
Cradle Cap (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)  113
Cryptosporidium parvum  102
Cutaneous Larvae Migrans (Hookworm)  193
Cystic Fibrosis  103
Cystitis (Urinary Tract Infection, UTI)  449
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis  376
Dandruff (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)  113
Decubitus Ulcer  444
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)  103
Dehydration  103
Dementia  103
Dental Abscess  104
Dental Procedure Prophylaxis (see Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis)  41
Denture Irritation  105
Depression, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)  105
Dermatitis: Atopic (Eczema)  110
Dermatitis: Contact  113

C o n t e n t s ■ ix

Dermatitis: Diaper (see Diaper Rash)  117
Dermatitis: Seborrheic  113
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1  426
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2  431
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy  115
Diaper Rash  117
Diarrhea: Acute  118
Diarrhea: Chronic  120
Diarrhea: Travelers  122
Digitalis Toxicity  123
Diphtheria  123
Diverticulitis  123
Diverticulosis  124
Donovanosis (see Granuloma Inguinale)  164
Dry Eye Syndrome  125
Dry Mouth Syndrome  395
Dysentery (see Amebiasis)  12
Dyshidrosis  126
Dyshydrotic Eczema (Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)  126
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)  126
Dyslipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Mixed
Dyslipidemia)  126
Dysmenorrhea: Primary  131
Dyspareunia (Postmenopausal/Painful Intercourse)  132
Eating Disorder, Binge  46
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)  110
Edema  133
Emphysema  135

Encopresis  137
Endometriosis  137
Enteritis  361
Enterobius vermicularis (see Pinworm Infection)  337
Enuresis: Primary, Nocturnal  138
Epicondylitis  139
Epididymitis  139
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)  140
Erosive Esophagitis  142
Erysipelas  141
Erythema Chronicum Migrans (Lyme Disease)  255
Erythema Infectiosum  148
Esophagitis, Erosive  142
Exanthem Subitum (see Roseola)  386
Eye Pain  142
Facial Hair, Excessive/Unwanted  143
Fecal Odor  143


x ■ Contents

Fever (Pyrexia)  143
Fever Blister  190
Fibrocystic Breast Disease  146
Fibromyalgia  146
Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)  148
Flatulence  148
Flu  239
Fluoridation, Water, <0.6 ppm  149
Folliculitis  149

Folliculitis Barbae  149
Foreign Body: Esophagus  150
Foreign Body: Eye  150
Furuncle  396
Fusarium spp.  27
Gardnerella Vaginalis (Bacterial Vaginosis)  43
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)  22
Genital Herpes (Herpes Genitalis, HSV Type II)  188
Genital Warts  460
German Measles (Rubella)  388
Gastritis  151
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)  151
Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia)  155
Gingivitis/Periodontitis  156
Glaucoma: Open Angle  156
Golfer’s Elbow (see Epicondylitis)  139
Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)  159
Gout  162
Gouty Arthritis  163
Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)  164
Growth Failure  166
Hair Loss (see Baldness: Male Pattern)  44
Headache: Migraine/Cluster  167
Headache: Tension (Muscle Contraction Headache)  173
Heartburn (see GERD)  151
Heart Failure (HF)  175
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection  180
Hemorrhoids  181
Hepatitis A (HAV)  182
Hepatitis B (HBV)  182

Hepatitis C (HCV)  184
Herpangina  187
Herpes Genitalis (HSV Type II)  188
Herpes Labialis/Herpes Facialis (Herpes Simplex Virus Type I,
Cold Sore, Fever Blister)  190
Herpes Simplex Type I  190


C o n t e n t s ■ xi

Herpes Simplex Type II  188
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)  191
Hiccups: Intractable  192
Hidradenitis Suppurativa  192
Hives (Urticaria)  458
Hookworm (Uncinariasis, Cutaneous Larvae Migrans)  193
Hordeolum (see Stye)  403
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Exposure, Antiretroviral
PEP/nPEP  194
Human Papillomavirus (HPV, Venereal Wart)  204
Hypercholesterolemia  126
Hyperhidrosis (Perspiration, Excessive)  204
Hyperhomocysteinemia   204
Hyperkalemia (Potassium Excess)  205
Hyperparathyroidism  206
Hyperlipidemia  126
Hyperphosphatemia  206
Hyperpigmentation  206
Hyperprolactinemia  207
Hypertension  222

Hypertension: Primary  208
Hyperthyroidism  224
Hypertriglyceridemia  224
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD, Low Libido)  255
Hypocalcemia  226
Hypokalemia  229
Hypomagnesemia  230
Hypoparathyroidism  230
Hypophosphatasia (Osteomalacia, Rickets)  231
Hypopnea Syndrome (see Sleep Apnea)  400
Hypotension: Neurogenic, Orthostatic  232
Hypotestosteronemia  406
Hypothyroidism  232
Idiopathic Peripheral Neuritis  329
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)  233
Impetigo Contagiosa (Indian Fire)  233
Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction, ED)  140
Incontinence: Fecal  236
Incontinence: Urinary  236
Incontinence: Urinary Overactive Bladder/Stress
Incontinence/Urge Incontinence  236
Indian Fire (Impetigo Contagiosa)  233
Infectious Mononucleosis  268
Influenza (Flu)  239


xii ■ C o n t e n t s

Insect Bite/Sting  241
Insomnia  242

Insulins  427
Intermittent Claudication (Peripheral Artery Disease, PAD)  331
Interstitial Cystitis  244
Intertrigo  246
Iritis: Acute  246
Iron Overload  247
Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C)  247
Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea (IBS-D)  248
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)   250
Keratitis/Keratoconjunctivitis: Herpes Simplex   251
Keratitis/Keratoconjunctivitis: Vernal  251
Labyrinthitis  252
Lactose Intolerance  252
Larva Migrans: Cutaneous/Visceral  252
Lead Encephalopathy (Lead Poisoning, Lead Toxicity)  253
Lead Poisoning  253
Lead Toxicity (Lead Poisoning, Lead Encephalopathy)  253
Leg Cramps: Nocturnal, Recumbency  253
Leishmaniasis: Cutaneous, Mucosal, Visceral  253
Lentigines: Benign, Senile  254
Lice (see Pediculosis)  325
Listeriosis  254
Low Back Strain  255
Low Libido, Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)  255
Lyme Disease (Erythema Chronicum Migrans)  255
Lymphadenitis  257
Lymphogranuloma Venereum  257
Magnesium Deficiency (Hypomagnesemia)  230
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)  105
Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax)  259

Mastitis (Breast Abscess)  261
Measles (Rubeola)  388
Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B-12 Deficiency)  16
Melanasia (Hyperpigmentation)  206
Melasma  262
Meniere’s Disease  262
Meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis)  263
Menopause  264
Menometorrhagia: Irregular Heavy Menstrual Bleeding/Menorrhagia: Heavy Cyclical
Menstrual Bleeding   268
Migraine Headache  167
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)  268


C o n t e n t s ■ xiii

Moniliasis (Candidiasis: Vulvovaginal)  69
Mononucleosis (Mono)  268
Motion Sickness  269
Mouth Ulcer (Aphthous Stomatitis)  26
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)  269
Mumps (Infectious Parotitis)  271
Muscle Contraction Headache (Headache: Tension)  173
Muscle Strain  272
Mycoplasma Pneumonia  348
Narcolepsy  275
Narcotic Dependence (Opioid Dependence)  288
Nausea/Vomiting  278
Nerve Agent Poisoning  282
Neurogenic, Orthostatic Hypotension  232

Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (see Tobacco Dependence)  416
Nocturnal Enuresis (Primary Enuresis)  138
Non-24 Sleep-Wake Disorder  282
Obesity  282
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)  284
Odor: Fecal (Fecal Odor)  143
Onychomycosis (Fungal Nail)  286
Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Chlamydial  287
Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Gonococcal  288
Opioid Dependence Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome  288
Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC)  291
Opioid Overdose  291
Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (see Opioid Dependence)  288
Orthostatic Hypotension, Neurogenic  232
Osgood-Schlatter Disease  292
Osteoarthritis  292
Osteomalacia (Hypophosphatasia, Rickets)  231
Osteoporosis  294
Osteoporosis Prophylaxis (see Osteoporosis)  292
Otitis Externa  299
Otitis Media: Acute  301
Otitis Media: Serous  304
Overactive Bladder  236
Overdose: Opioid  291
Paget’s Disease: Bone  305
Pain  306
Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia, Postmenopausal)  132
Pancreatic Enzyme Deficiency  317
Panic Disorder  318
Parathyroid Hormone Deficiency (Hypoparathyroidism)  230

xiv ■ C o n t e n t s

Parkinson’s Disease  322
Paronychia (Periungual Abscess)  324
Parotitis: Infectious (Mumps)  271
Pediculosis: Pediculosis Humanus Capitis (Head Lice)/
Phthirus (Pubic Lice)   325
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)  326
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)  327
Periodontitis (Gingivitis)  156
Peripheral Neuritis, Idiopathic  329
Peripheral Neuritis, Diabetic Neuropathic Pain, Peripheral
Neuropathic Pain  329
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain  329
Peripheral Neuritis, Diabetic  329
Neuropathic Pain, Peripheral  329
Neuropathic Pain  329
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD, Arterial Insufficiency,
Intermittent Claudication)  331
Periungal Abscess (Paronychia)  324
Pernicious Anemia (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)  16
Perspiration: Excessive (Hyperhidrosis)  204
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)  332
Pharyngitis: Gonococcal  333
Pharyngitis: Streptococcal  334
Pheochromocytoma  336
Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)  337
Pityriasis Alba  337

Pityriasis Rosea  338
Plague (Yersinia pestis)  338
Plantar Wart (Verruca plantaris)  459
Pneumococcal Pneumonia  349
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia  338
Pneumonia: Chlamydial  339
Pneumonia: Community Acquired (CAP)/Community Acquired Bacterial
Pneumonia (CABP)  340
Pneumonia: Legionella  347
Pneumonia: Mycoplasma  348
Pneumonia: Pneumococcal  349
Poliomyelitis  349
Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (PJIA)  349
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS, Stein-Leventhal Disease)  350
Polymyalgia Rheumatica  350
Pomphylox (Dyshidrosis, Dyshydrotic Eczema)  126
Postherpetic Neuralgia  351
Postmenopausal Dyspareunia  132


C o n t e n t s ■ xv

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)  355
Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia)  229
Pregnancy  358
Premenstrual Dysphorphic Disorder (PMDD)  359
Pressure Sore (Decubitus Ulcer)  444
Primary Immunodeficiency in Adults  360
Proctitis: Acute (Proctocolitis/Enteritis)  361
Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enteritis  361

Prostatitis: Acute  361
Prostatitis: Chronic  362
Pruritus  363
Pruritus Ani (see Pruritis)  363
Pruritus Ani (see Hemorrhoids)  181
Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) Disorder  364
Pseudogout  364
Pseudomembranous Colitis  364
Psittacosis  364
Psoriasis  365
Psoriatic Arthritis  368
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group I)  371
Pulmonary Fibrosis, Idiopathic (IPF)  233
Pyelonephritis: Acute  373
Pyrexia (Fever)  143
Rabies   374
Red Measles (Rubeola, 3-Day Measles)  388
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)  375
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)  375
Retinitis: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)  376
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)  376
Rhinitis/Sinusitis: Allergic  381
Rhinitis Medicamentosa  385
Rhinitis: Vasomotor  386
Rhinosinusitis: Acute Bacterial (ABRS)  393
Rickets (Hypophosphatasia, Osteomalacia)   231
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)  386
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)  386
Rosacea (Acne Rosacea)  3
Roseola (Exanthem Subitum)  386

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis  387
Roundworm (Ascariasis)  387
Rubella (German Measles)  388
Rubeola (Red Measles)  388
Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever)  442
Salmonellosis  388


xvi ■ C o n t e n t s

Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)  389
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)  389
Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)  389
Sebaceous Cyst: Infected (see Skin Infection)  396
Seborrhea (Seborrheic Dermatitis)  113
Seizure Disorder  391
Sexual Assault (STD/STI/VD Exposure)  391
Shigellosis  392
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)  191
Sinusitis/Rhinosinusitis: Acute Bacterial (ABRS)  393
Sinusitis: Allergic  381
Sjogrens, Syndrome (Chronic Dry Mouth)  395
Skin: Calloused  396
Skin Infection: Bacterial (Carbuncle, Folliculitis, Furuncle)  396
Sleep Apnea (Hypopnea Syndrome)  400
Sleepiness: Excessive/Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD)  400
Sleep-Wake Disorder (Non-24 Sleep-Wake Disorder)  282
Smallpox (Variola Major)  401
Solar Keratosis (Actinic Keratosis)  8
Sprain  401

Status Asthmaticus  401
Status Epilepticus  402
STD/STI/VD Exposure, Sexual Assault  391
Stein-Leventhal Disease (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, PCOS)  350
Stomatitis (Aphthous Stomatitis)  26
Stress Incontinence  236
Strongyloidiasis stercoralis (Threadworm)  408
Stye (Hordeolum)  403
Sunburn  403
Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa)  299
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)  403
Tapeworm (Cestode)  405
Temporal Arteritis  406
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorder  406
Tennis Elbow (see Epicondylitis)  139
Tension Headache  173
Testosterone Deficiency  406
Testosterone Deficiency, Hypotestosteronemia, Hypogonadism  406
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)  408
Threadworm (Strongyloidides stercoralis)  408
Thrush (Oral Candidiasis)  67
Thyroid Hormone Excess (Hyperthyroidism)  224
Thyroid Hormone Deficiency (Hypothyroidism)  232
Tic Douloureux (Trigeminal Neuralgia)  422


C o n t e n t s ■ xvii

Tinea Capitis  409
Tinea Corporis (Ringworm)  410

Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)  411
Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)  413
Tinea Versicolor  415
Tobacco Dependence (Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome)  416
Tonsillitis: Acute  418
Tremor: Benign Essential  44
Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis)  420
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)  421
Trichuriasis (Whipworm)  461
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TIC Douloureux)  422
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)  424
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus  426
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  431
Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi)  442
Ulcer: Diabetic, Neuropathic (Lower Extremity)  444
Ulcer: Venous Insufficiency (Lower Extremity)  444
Ulcer: Decubitus/Pressure  444
Ulcerative Colitis  445
Urethritis: Nongonococcal (NGU)  447
Urinary Retention: Unobstructive  449
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI, Cystitis: Acute)  449
Urolithiasis (Renal Calculi, Kidney Stones)  456
Urticaria: Chronic Idiopathic (CIU)  458
Urticaria: Acute (Hives)  458
Uncinariasis (Hookworm, Cutaneous Larvae Migrans)  193
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, Common Cold)  83
Vaginal Irritation: External  458
Varicella (Chickenpox)  77
Variola Major (Smallpox)  401
Vascular Headache (Migraine Headache)  167

Vasomotor Rhinitis  386
Venereal Warts (Wart: Venereal)  460
Verruca plantaris (Plantar Wart)  459
Verruca vulgaris (Common Wart)  459
Vertigo  458
Viral Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, Common Cold)  83
Vitiligo  459
Vomiting (see Nausea/Vomiting)  278
Wart: Common (Verruca vulgaris)  459
Wart: Plantar (Verruca plantaris)  459
Wart: Venereal, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Condyloma Acuminata  460
Whipworm (Trichuriasis)  461


xviii ■ C o n t e n t s

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)  332
Wound: Infected, Nonsurgical, Minor  461
Wrinkles: Facial (Crow’s Feet, Frown Lines, Smile Lines)  464
Xerosis  465
Yersinia pestis (Plague)  338
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome  466

SECTION II: APPENDICES
Appendix A: FDA Pregnancy Categories  471
Appendix B: U.S. Schedule of Controlled Substances  471
Appendix C: JNC-8* and ASH** Hypertension Evaluation and Treatment
Recommendations  472
Appendix D: ATP-IV Target Lipid Recommendations  476
Appendix E: Effects of Selected Drugs on Insulin Activity  477

Appendix F: Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Average
Blood Glucose Equivalent  478
Appendix G: Routine Immunization Recommendations  478
Appendix H: Contraceptives: Contraindications and Recommendations  486
 Appendix H.1: 28-Day Oral Contraceptives  487
 Appendix H.2: Extended-Cycle Oral Contraceptives  495
 Appendix H.3: Progesterone-Only Oral Contraceptives (“Mini-Pill”)  496
 Appendix H.4: Injectable Contraceptives  496
  Appendix H.4.1: Injectable Progesterone  496
 Appendix H.5: Transdermal Contraceptive  497
 Appendix H.6: Contraceptive Vaginal Rings  497
 Appendix H.7: Subdermal Contraceptives  497
 Appendix H.8: Intrauterine Contraceptives  498
 Appendix H.9: Emergency Contraception  498
Appendix I: Anesthetic Agents for Local Infiltration and Dermal/Mucosal
Membrane Application  499
Appendix J: Oral Prescription NSAIDs  501
Appendix K: Topical Corticosteroids by Potency  506
Appendix L: Oral Corticosteroids  509
Appendix M: Parenteral Corticosteroid Therapy  511
Appendix N: Inhalational Corticosteroid Therapy  512
Appendix O: Oral Antiarrhythmia Drugs  513
Appendix P: Oral Antineoplasia Drugs  516
Appendix Q: Oral and Depot Antipsychosis Drugs  518
Appendix R: Oral Anticonvulsant Drugs  520
Appendix S: Oral Anti-HIV Drugs With Dose Forms  523
Appendix T: Coumadin (Warfarin)  526
Appendix U: Low Molecular Weight Heparins  527
Appendix V: Factor Xa Inhibitor Therapy  528

C o n t e n t s ■ xix

Appendix W: Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Therapy  530
Appendix X: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Therapy  531
Appendix Y: Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Inhibitor Therapy  532
Appendix Z: Prescription Prenatal Vitamins  532
Appendix AA: Oral Prescription Drugs for the Management of Allergy,
Cough, and Cold Symptoms  535
Appendix BB: Systemic Anti-infective Drugs  541
Appendix CC.1: Acyclovir (Zovirax Suspension)  552
Appendix CC.2: Amantadine (Symmetrel Syrup)  553
Appendix CC.3: Amoxicillin (Amoxil Suspension, Trimox Suspension)  554
Appendix CC.4: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin Suspension)  556
Appendix CC.5: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin
ES 600 Suspension)  557
Appendix CC.6: Ampicillin (Omnipen Suspension,
Principen Suspension)  558
Appendix CC.7: Azithromycin (Zithromax Suspension,
Zmax Suspension)  559
Appendix CC.8: Cefaclor (Ceclor Suspension)  560
Appendix CC.9: Cefadroxil (Duricef Suspension)  561
Appendix CC.10: Cefdinir (Omnicef Suspension)  562
Appendix CC.11: Cefixime (Suprax Oral Suspension)  563
Appendix CC.12: Cefpodoxime Proxetil (Vantin Suspension)  564
Appendix CC.13: Cefprozil (Cefzil Suspension)  565
Appendix CC.14: Ceftibuten (Cedax Suspension)  566
Appendix CC.15: Cefuroxime Axetil (Ceftin Suspension)  567
Appendix CC.16: Cephalexin (Keflex Suspension)  568
Appendix CC.17: Clarithromycin (Biaxin Suspension)  569

Appendix CC.18: Clindamycin (Cleocin Pediatric Granules)  570
Appendix CC.19: Dicloxacillin (Dynapen Suspension)  571
Appendix CC.20: Doxycycline (Vibramycin Syrup/Suspension)  572
Appendix CC.21: Erythromycin Estolate (Ilosone Suspension)  573
Appendix CC.22: Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate (E.E.S. Suspension,
Ery-Ped Drops/Suspension)  574
Appendix CC.23: Erythromycin/Sulfamethoxazole (Eryzole, Pediazole)  576
Appendix CC.24: Fluconazole (Diflucan Suspension)  577
Appendix CC.25: Furazolidone (Furoxone Liquid)  578
Appendix CC.26: Griseofulvin, Microsize (Grifulvin V Suspension)  579
Appendix CC.27: Itraconazole (Sporanox Solution)  580
Appendix CC.28: Loracarbef (Lorabid Suspension)  581
Appendix CC.29: Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin Suspension)  582
Appendix CC.30: Penicillin V Potassium (Pen-Vee K Solution,
Veetids Solution)  583
Appendix CC.31: Rimantadine (Flumadine Syrup)  584
Appendix CC.32: Tetracycline (Sumycin Suspension)  585


xx ■ C o n t e n t s

Appendix CC.33: Trimethoprim (Primsol Suspension)  586
Appendix CC.34: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim Suspension,
Septra Suspension)  587
Appendix CC.35: Vancomycin (Vancocin Suspension)  588
Resources  589
Index: Brand/Generic Drug Name Cross-Reference With FDA Pregnancy Category and
Controlled Drug Category  595

t

REVIEWERS

Kelley M. Anderson, PhD, FNP
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Georgetown University School of Nursing & Health
Studies, Washington, DC
Kathleen Bradbury-Golas, DNP, RN, FNP-C, ACNS-BC
Associate Clinical Professor, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Family Nurse Practitioner, Virtua Medical Group, Hammonton and Linwood,
New Jersey
Lori Brien, MS, ACNP-BC
Instructor, AG-ACNP Program, Georgetown University School of Nursing & Health
Studies, Washington, DC
Jill C. Cash, MSN, APN
Nurse Practitioner, Logan Primary Care, West Frankfort, Illinois
Catherine M. Concert, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, AOCNP, NE-BC, CNL, CGRN
Nurse Practitioner—Radiation Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center,
New York University Langone Medical Center; Clinical Assistant Professor, Pace
University Lienhard School of Nursing, New York, New York
Aileen Fitzpatrick, DNP, RN, FNP-BC
Clinical Assistant Professor, Pace University Lienhard School of Nursing, New York,
New York
Tracy P. George, DNP, APRN-BC, CNE
Assistant Professor of Nursing, Amy V. Cockroft Fellow 2016–2017, Francis Marion
University, Florence, South Carolina
Norma Stephens Hannigan, DNP, MPH, FNP-BC, DCC, FAANP
Clinical Professor of Nursing, Coordinator, Accelerated Second Degree (A2D)
Program/Sophomore Honors Program, Hunter College, CUNY Hunter-Bellevue
School of Nursing, New York, New York

Ella T. Heitzler, PhD, WHNP-BC, FNP-BC, RNC-OB
Assistant Professor, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies,
Washington, DC

xxi


xxii ■ R e v i e w e r s

Andrew W. Hull, PA-C
Director, Chair, and Assistant Professor of Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan
College, Milligan College, Tennessee
Heather C. Justice, MSPAP, PA-C
Assistant Professor, Milligan College, Tennessee; Palliative Care Practitioner, Wellmont
Medical System, Kingsport, Tennessee
Lucy Wachera Kibe, DrPH, MS, MHS, PA-C
Director of Doctoral Education, Assistant Professor, Department of Physician
Assistant Medicine, School of Graduate Health Sciences, Lynchburg College,
Lynchburg, Virginia
Melissa H. King, DNP, FNP-BC, ENP-BC
Director of Advanced Practice Providers, Director of TelEmergency, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Maureen Knechtel, MPAS, PA-C
Assistant Professor, Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan College, Milligan College,
Tennessee
Keith Lafferty, MD, FAAEM
Co-Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Education, Gulf Coast
Medical Center, Fort Myers, Florida; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Emergency
Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Michael Watson, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

Lead Family Nurse Practitioner, Wadley Regional Medical Center, Emergency
Department, Texarkana, Texas


t

ABBREVIATIONS

*
**
(II), (III), (IV), (V)
(A), (B), (C), (D), (X)
ABSSSI
ac
ACEI
ALT
AM
APAP
AST
Amp
Apo-B
ARB
ART
ASE
AVB
bid
BP
CAD
calib applicator
cap

CAP
CCB
CFC
chew tab
Child-Pugh A
Child-Pugh B
Child-Pugh C
CHF

single-scored tablet
cross-scored tablet
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) controlled substance
schedule
Federal Drug Agency (FDA) pregnancy category
acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection
before meal
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
liver enzyme; alanine transaminase (ALT)
antemeridiem, morning
acetaminophen
liver enzyme, aspartate transaminase
ampule
apolipoprotein B
angiotensin receptor blocker
antiretroviral treatment
adverse side effect
atrioventricular heart block
bis in die, twice-a-day
blood pressure
coronary artery disease

calibrated applicator
capsule
community acquired pneumonia
calcium channel blocker
chlorofluorocarbon, inhaler propellant
chewable tablet
mild liver disease/dysfunction
moderate liver disease/dysfunction
severe liver disease/dysfunction
congestive heart failure
xxiii


xxiv ■ A b b r e v i a t i o n s

CKD
clnsr
conc
conj estra
COPD
cplt
Cr
CrCl
CRI
CRF
crm
CVD
DDAVP
dL
DM

DMARDs
DVT
ent-coat
EDTA
EE
eGFR
EKG
EIA
EIAED
EIB
elix
emol, emol crm
ESA
ESR
ESRD
est
EX, ext-rel
g
(G)

chronic kidney disease
cleanser
concentrate, concentration
conjugated estrogen
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
caplet
creatinine
creatinine clearance measured in mL/min
chronic renal insufficiency
chronic renal failure

cream
cardiovascular disease
desmopressin acetate
deciliter
diabetes mellitis
disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs
deep vein thrombosis
enteric-coated
edatate calcium disodium
ethinyl estradiol
estimated glomerular filtration tate
electrocardiogram
exercise-induced asthma
enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug
exercise-induced bronchospasm
elixer
emollient, emollient cream
erythropoiesis stimulating agent
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
end stage renal disease
estradiol
extended-release
gram
generic, generic availability