Ebook Imaging anatomy of the human brain: Part 2

6

The Cranial Nerves

■

Cadaver Dissections Revealing the Cranial Nerves (CN) (Figures 6.1–6.4)

■

CN in Cavernous Sinus (Figures 6.5–6.7)

■

Cranial Nerves I–XII 191
CN I (1)—Olfactory Nerve (Figures 6.8a–c) 191
CN II (2)—Optic Nerve (Figures 6.9a–j) 192
CN III (3)—Oculomotor Nerve (Figures 6.10a–i) 195
CN IV (4)—Trochlear Nerve (Figures 6.11a–c) 198
CN V (5)—Trigeminal Nerve (Figures 6.12a–z) 199
CN VI (6)—Abducens Nerve (Figures 6.13a–6.14c) 207
CN VII (7)—Facial Nerve (Figures 6.13a,b, 6.14a–n, and 6.14p) 207
CN VIII (8)—Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Figures 6.13a,b, 6.14a–c, and 6.14g–p)
CN IX (9)—Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Figures 6.14o, 6.15, and 6.18) 212
CN X (10)—Vagus Nerve (Figures 6.16 and 6.18) 213
CN XI (11)—Accessory Nerve (Figures 6.17, 6.18, and 6.19a) 214
CN XII (12)—Hypoglossal Nerve (Figures 6.19a,b) 214

188

190

207

T

he first section of this chapter consists of cadaver dissections with the brain removed
from the cranial vault with preservation of the cisternal segments of the CN (cranial
nerves) and their relationships to the dural surfaces and skull base foramina. These images
provide a different perspective and allow one to integrate the imaging appearance to that of
a human prosection. The images to follow will demonstrate the CN in a multiplanar format,
some of which are not done on routine clinical exams but were obtained specifically for this
atlas to illustrate the nerves to best advantage. These additional views could be used to tailor
specific MR protocols if appropriate for the clinical question to be answered.
The illustrations provided by Dr. Moore in Chapter 2 beautifully illustrate the CN from
their nuclear origins to their exit through their respective foramina. Those illustrations, along
with the cadaver specimens and the imaging of the CN to follow should truly enhance your
knowledge of this anatomy through this multimodality approach.

187


188

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

CADAVER DISSECTIONS REVEALING THE CRANIAL NERVES (CN) (FIGURES 6.1–6.4)
KEY

6.1

acrf
bas
cl
cn3
cn4
cn5p
cn6
cn7
cn8
cn9
cn10
cn11
cn12
eop
ftj
mcrf
olft (cn1)
on (cn2)
opf
opis
pcrf
pitg
ppe
ss
stsi
supss
torh
v4

anterior cranial fossa

basion
clivus
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
abducens nerve
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
accessory nerve
hypoglossal nerve
external occipital protuberance (inion)
falco-tentorial junction
middle cranial fossa
olfactory tract
optic nerve
orbital plate of frontal bone
opisthion
posterior cranial fossa
pituitary gland
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
sphenoid sinus
straight sinus
superior sagittal sinus
torcular herophili (confluence of sinuses)
v4 intracranial/intradural segment vertebral artery

6.2

FIGURES 6.1–6.4 Lateral (6.1), steep lateral oblique (6.2) and magnified lateral (6.3, 6.4) photographs of a cadaveric specimen of
the head sectioned through the mid sagittal plane.


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

FIGURES 6.2–6.3

KEY

6.3

acrf
bas
cl
cn3
cn4
cn5
cn6
cn7
cn8
cn9
cn10
cn11
cn12
ds
eusto
iac

jugf
mcrf
olft (cn1)
on (cn2)
opis
pcrf
pitg
ptr
spal
ss
tentc

anterior cranial fossa
basion
clivus
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
trigeminal nerve
abducens nerve
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
accessory nerve
hypoglossal nerve
dorsum sellae
eustachian tube orifice
internal auditory canal
jugular foramen
middle cranial fossa

olfactory tract
optic nerve
opisthion
posterior cranial fossa
pituitary gland
porus trigeminus
soft palate
sphenoid sinus
tentorium cerebelli

6.4

189

189


190

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

CN IN CAVERNOUS SINUS (FIGURES 6.5–6.7)
Coronal Plane

6.6
6.5

FIGURES 6.5–6.7 Figure 6.5 (contrast enhanced coronal
T1W image) and figure 6.6 (coronal T2W image) are small
field of view images targeted to the sella/parasellar region

demonstrating normal anatomy. Figure 6.7 is a contrast
enhanced coronal T1W image just anterior to the cavernous
sinus in the region of the superior orbital fissures.

KEY

6.7

a1
acl
aca
c4
c6
c7
cn3
cn4
cn6
cnv1
cnv2
cnv3
for
fov
ica
icat
inf
mcrf
naph
oncan
opch
opst

pitg
ptml
ptmm
sofi
ss
ssci
vic
vn

a1 (precommunicating segment aca)
anterior clinoid process
anterior cerebral artery
c4 (cavernous segment of ica)
c6 (ophthalmic segment of ica)
c7 (communicating segment of ica)
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
abducens nerve
ophthalmic branch (v1) of trigeminal nerve
maxillary branch (v2) of trigeminal nerve
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
foramen rotundem
foramen ovale
internal carotid artery
ica terminus/bifurcation
infundibulum
middle cranial fossa
nasopharynx
canalicular segment of optic nerve
optic chiasm

optic strut
pituitary gland
lateral pterygoid muscle
medial pterygoid muscle
superior orbital fissure
sphenoid sinus
suprasellar cistern
vidian canal
vidian nerve


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

191

CRANIAL NERVES I–XII
■ CN I (1)—OLFACTORY NERVE (FIGURES 6.8a–c)
FIGURES 6.8a–c Figures 6.8a,b and c are heavily
T2W axial (6.8a), coronal (6.8b) and sagittal
oblique (6.8c) views which demonstrate a normal
appearance of the olfactory bulbs and tract.

KEY

6.8a

6.8b

6.8c

acl
basi
c6
cn3
gr
ica
inf
mog
olfb (cn1)
olfs
olft (cn1)
on (cn2)
oncan
opha
pcom
pitg
ponbp
pont
potms
prpc
vib

anterior clinoid process
basilar artery
c6 (ophthalmic segment of ica)
oculomotor nerve
gyrus rectus
internal carotid artery

infundibulum
medial orbital gyrus
olfactory bulb
olfactory sulcus
olfactory tract
optic nerve
canalicular segment of optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
posterior communicating artery
pituitary gland
basis pontis of pons
tegmentum of pons
pontomedullary sulcus
prepontine cistern
vitreous body (chamber) of eye


192

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

■ CN II (2)—OPTIC NERVE (FIGURES 6.9a–j)

CN II (2)—Axial Plane

6.9b
6.9a

FIGURE 6.9a A sagittal T1W orientation reference image
indicating the axial plane of imaging.

6.9d
6.9c

FIGURES 6.9b–h Normal axial T1W (6.9b–6.9e) and T2W
(6.9f–6.9h) images of the optic nerves, chiasm, tract and
lateral geniculate nuclei.

KEY
hab
hyp
icv
lgn
mb
mgn
oncan
oncis
onorb
opch
opt

habenular trigone
hypothalamus
internal cerebral vein
lateral geniculate nucleus
mammillary body
medial geniculate nucleus
canalicular segment of optic nerve
cisternal (pre-chiasmatic) segment optic nerve
orbital segment optic nerve

optic chiasm
optic tract

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

193

FIGURES 6.9e–6.9g

KEY

6.9e

achg
acl
c6
ica
inf
larm
lengl
lgn
m1
mb
mca
merm

mgn
oncan
oncis
onorb
opch
opha
opt
pul
rn
sn
ss
v3v
vib

anterior chamber of eye
anterior clinoid process
c6 (ophthalmic segment of ica)
internal carotid artery
infundibulum
lateral rectus muscle
lens of globe
lateral geniculate nucleus
m1 (horizontal segment mca)
mammillary body
middle cerebral artery
medial rectus muscle
medial geniculate nucleus
canalicular segment of optic nerve
cisternal (pre-chiasmatic) segment optic nerve
orbital segment optic nerve

optic chiasm
ophthalmic artery
optic tract
pulvinar is part of lateral thalamic nuclear
group
red nucleus
substantia nigra
sphenoid sinus
third ventricle
vitreous body (chamber) of eye

6.9f

6.9g

(continued)


194

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

FIGURE 6.9h

KEY
irv3
lgn
mgn
oncan
oncis

onorb
opt
pitg
rn
sn
sorv3

infindibular recess of third ventricle
lateral geniculate nucleus
medial geniculate nucleus
canalicular segment of optic nerve
cisternal (pre-chiasmatic) segment optic nerve
orbital segment optic nerve
optic tract
pituitary gland
red nucleus
substantia nigra
supra-optic recess of third ventricle

6.9h

FIGURES 6.9i,j 6.9j demonstrates a normal T2W
sagittal oblique image (prescribed from the axial
reference image—Figure 6.9i) demonstrating
the entire optic nerve from the globe to the optic
chiasm.

6.9i

6.9j

CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

195

■ CN III (3)—OCULOMOTOR NERVE (FIGURES 6.10a–i)

6.10a

6.10b

FIGURES 6.10a–i Normal heavily T2 weighted axial
(6.10a–6.10d), coronal (6.10e–6.10h) and sagittal (6.10i)
images demonstrating the oculomotor nerves from the
brainstem to the cavernous sinus.

KEY
acl
basi
c6
cn3
ds
gr
ica
inf
inpc
mog

olfs
oncan
opha
pcom
pmol
pog
set
unc

anterior clinoid process
basilar artery
c6 (ophthalmic segment of ica)
oculomotor nerve
dorsum sellae
gyrus rectus
internal carotid artery
infundibulum
interpeduncular cistern
medial orbital gyrus
olfactory sulcus
canalicular segment of optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
posterior communicating artery
posteromedial orbital lobule
posterior orbital gyrus
sella turcica
uncus

6.10c

(continued)


196

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

6.10d

6.10e

FIGURES 6.10d–f

KEY
6.10f

basi
cn11
cn3
cn5p
cped
inpc
lotg
mb
pca
phg
suca
tegi
tegm
tegs

basilar artery
accessory nerve
oculomotor nerve
pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
cerebral peduncle
interpeduncular cistern
lateral occipital temporal gyrus (lotg)/fusiform gyrus
mammillary body
posterior cerebral artery
parahippocampal gyrus
superior cerebellar artery
inferior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
superior temporal gyrus

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

FIGURES 6.10g–i

KEY

6.10g

6.10h

6.10i

batp
c4
cavs
cn3

basilar artery tip
c4 (cavernous segment of ica)
cavernous sinus
oculomotor nerve

cn5

trigeminal nerve entering Meckel’s cave

csf
ds
ica
inf
inpc
mdb
opch
pca
pitg
ponbp
pont
prpc
sorv3

ss
ssci
suca
unc
v4

cerebrospinal fluid
dorsum sellae
internal carotid artery
infundibulum
interpeduncular cistern
midbrain
optic chiasm
posterior cerebral artery
pituitary gland
basis pontis of pons
tegmentum of pons
prepontine cistern
supra-optic recess of third ventricle
sphenoid sinus
suprasellar cistern
superior cerebellar artery
uncus
v4 intracranial/intradural segment vertebral artery

197


198

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

■ CN IV (4)—TROCHLEAR NERVE (FIGURES 6.11a–c)

6.11a
6.11b

FIGURES 6.11a–c Normal magnified T2 axial (6.11a,b) and
coronal (6.11c) images demonstrate CN IV emerging from the
dorsal midbrain just caudal/inferior to the inferior colliculi.

KEY
aqs
basi
cn4
icv
infc
irv3
mdb
mec
opch
pmesj
smv
tentc
unc
v3v
v4v

6.11c

aqueduct of Sylvius
basilar artery
trochlear nerve
internal cerebral vein
inferior colliculus
infindibular recess of third ventricle
midbrain
Meckel’s cave
optic chiasm
ponto-mesencephalic junction
superior/anterior medullary velum
tentorium cerebelli
uncus
third ventricle
fourth ventricle


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

199

■ CN V (5)—TRIGEMINAL NERVE (FIGURES 6.12a–z)

6.12b

6.12a

6.12d

FIGURES 6.12a–k Normal sagittal T2W (6.12a,b), and
T1W (6.12c) images, normal axial T2W (6.12d) and T1W
(6.12e–g), and normal coronal T1W (6.12h–k) images of the
trigeminal nerve from its brainstem exit to Meckel’s cave.

6.12c
KEY
amy
basi
cn5
cn5p
fcol
hiph
m1
mca
mcp
mec
ponbp
prpc
ptr
sf
tentc
tlo

amygdala
basilar artery
trigeminal nerve
pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
facial colliculus

hippocampal head
m1 (horizontal segment mca)
middle cerebral artery
middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)
Meckel’s cave
basis pontis of pons
prepontine cistern
porus trigeminus
Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)
tentorium cerebelli
temporal lobe

(continued)


200

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

6.12e

6.12f

6.12h

6.12g

FIGURES 6.12e–i

KEY

cn5p
cpac
mec
pon
ptr
rez
tentc

pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
cerebellopontine angle cistern
Meckel’s cave
pons
porus trigeminus
root entry zone of trigeminal nerve
tentorium cerebelli

6.12i

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

201

FIGURES 6.12j,k

KEY

6.12j

a1
aca
amy
c4
c7
cn5
cn5p
cnv3
cavs
fov
hyp
ica
m1
mca
mec
naph
opt
opch
pitg
ptml
ptmm
ptr
ss
ssci
tc

a1 (precommunicating segment aca)

anterior cerebral artery
amygdala
c4 (cavernous segment of ica)
c7 (communicating segment of ica)
trigeminal nerve
pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
cavernous sinus
foramen ovale
hypothalamus
internal carotid artery
m1 (horizontal segment mca)
middle cerebral artery
Meckel’s cave
nasopharynx
optic tract
optic chiasm
pituitary gland
lateral pterygoid muscle
medial pterygoid muscle
porus trigeminus
sphenoid sinus
suprasellar cistern
tuber cinereum

6.12k

6.12m
6.12l

FIGURES 6.12l–m l,m are normal magnified T1W coronal
images of the cavernous sinus region and proximal third
divisions (V3) of CN V.
(continued)


202

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

6.12n
6.12o

FIGURES 6.12n–p Normal fat suppressed coronal T2W
images from Meckel’s cave (6.12n) to distal sensory
branches (inferior alveolar and lingual nerves) of the third
division of CN V (6.12o,p). Note the dural ectasia of the
root sheath surrounding V2 in the right (on viewer’s left)
foramen rotundem in figure 6.12p.

KEY

6.12p

amy
cfa
cl
cnv2
cnv3
cnv3lg

ds
for
fov
hiph
ian
itf
lvth
manr
mcrf
mec
ptml
ptmm
rosb
ss

amygdala
csf flow artifact
clivus
maxillary branch (v2) of trigeminal nerve
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
lingual nerve (branch of v3)
dorsum sellae
foramen rotundem
foramen ovale
hippocampal head
inferior alveolar nerve (branch of cnv3)
infratemporal fossa
temporal horn of lateral ventricle
ramus of mandible
middle cranial fossa

Meckel’s cave
lateral pterygoid muscle
medial pterygoid muscle
rostrum of sphenoid bone
sphenoid sinus

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

203

6.12q

6.12r

FIGURES 6.12q–s Normal fat suppressed axial T2W
images of V3 from the skull base into the masticator
spaces where the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves
are seen.

KEY

6.12s

arm
c2b

cnv3
cnv3lg
fos
fov
ian
ica
manf
manr
masm
mma
ms
parg
spal

alveolar ridge of maxilla
c2b (horizontal petrous segment of ica)
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
lingual nerve (branch of v3)
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
inferior alveolar nerve (branch of cnv3)
internal carotid artery
mandibular foramen
ramus of mandible
masseter muscle
middle meningeal artery
maxillary sinus
parotid gland
soft palate

(continued)


204

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

FIGURE 6.12t Normal fat suppressed T2 sagittal image of
the inferior alveolar nerve entering the mandibular ramus
via the mandibular foramen.

6.12t

FIGURE 6.12u Normal fat suppressed axial contrast
enhanced T1W image through the skull base. Normal
perineural arteriovenous plexus (enhancement) surrounds
V3 in foramen ovale.

KEY
c2b
cl
cnv3
fos
fov
ian
ica
manhc
manr
ptml

c2b (horizontal petrous segment of ica)
clivus
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
inferior alveolar nerve (branch of cnv3)
internal carotid artery
head of mandibular condyle
ramus of mandible
lateral pterygoid muscle

6.12u

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

205

FIGURES 6.12v–w Normal sagittal fat suppressed T2W
images showing V3 exiting the middle cranial fossa through
foramen ovale and entering the masticator space.

KEY
cnv3
fov
ms

vib

mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
foramen ovale
maxillary sinus
vitreous body (chamber) of eye

6.12v

6.12w

(continued)


206

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

FIGURES 6.12x–y Normal T1W axial (6.12x) and sagittal
(6.12y) images demonstrate the second division (V2/
maxillary) of CN V extending from Meckel’s cave into the
pterygopalatine fossa.

KEY
cn5p
cnv2
cpac
for
iac
mec

ptfos
sph

pre-ganglionic segment trigeminal nerve
maxillary branch (v2) of trigeminal nerve
cerebellopontine angle cistern
foramen rotundem
internal auditory canal
Meckel’s cave
pterygopalatine fossa
sphenoid bone

6.12x

6.12y

FIGURE 6.12z Normal fat suppressed sagittal T2W image
showing the trigeminal nerve from the cerebellopontine
angle cistern through the course of V2 within the
pterygopalatine fossa.
6.12z


CHAPTER 6

THE CRANIAL NERVES

207

■ CN VI (6)—ABDUCENS NERVE (FIGURES 6.13a–6.14c); CN VII (7)—FACIAL NERVE

(FIGURES 6.13a,b, 6.14a–n, AND 6.14p); AND CN VIII (8)—VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
(FIGURES 6.13a,b, 6.14a–c, AND 6.14g–p)
FIGURES 6.13a–e Normal T2W axial
(6.13a,b,c) and sagittal oblique (6.13d,e)
images demonstrate the course of CN VI from
the brainstem through Dorello’s canal.

KEY

6.13a

aica
basi
cn6
cn7
cn8
cn8c
cn8iv
cn8sv
coc
cocap
cpac
dorc
fcol
iac
mec
mod
pamp
pon
prpc

porus
ssch
sscp
tlo
vest

anterior inferior cerebellar artery
basilar artery
abducens nerve
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
cochlear nerve
inferior division of vestibular nerve
superior division of vestibular nerve
cochlea
cochlear aperture
cerebellopontine angle cistern
Dorello’s canal
facial colliculus
internal auditory canal
Meckel’s cave
modiolus
posterior ampullary nerve
pons
prepontine cistern
porus acousticus
horizontal semicircular canal
posterior semicircular canal
temporal lobe
vestibule

6.13b

6.13c

(continued)


208

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

6.13e

FIGURES 6.13d,e

KEY

6.13d

6.13f

FIGURE 6.13f Contrast enhanced coronal T1W image
through the cavernous sinus shows the close proximity of
CN VI to the cavernous internal carotid artery (c4).

c4
cn3
cn4
cn6

cnv1
cnv2
cnv3
dorc
fov
ica
inf
mec
med
pitg
pmdj
pmesj
ponbp
prpc
ss
ssci

c4 (cavernous segment of ica)
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
abducens nerve
ophthalmic branch (v1) of trigeminal nerve
maxillary branch (v2) of trigeminal nerve
mandibular division (v3) of trigeminal nerve
Dorello’s canal
foramen ovale
internal carotid artery
infundibulum
Meckel’s cave
medulla

pituitary gland
ponto-medullary junction
ponto-mesencephalic junction
basis pontis of pons
prepontine cistern
sphenoid sinus
suprasellar cistern


CHAPTER 6

6.14a

THE CRANIAL NERVES

209

6.14b

6.14c
6.14d

KEY

6.14e

FIGURES 6.14a–e Axial images of 2 different subjects
(6.14a,b,c subject 1 and 6.14d subject 2) show the normal
appearance of CN VII and VIII. Different T2W MR pulse
sequences were used for subject 1 and 2 accounting for the

different appearances. Figure 6.14e, a sagittal T2W image of
subject 2 shows the mastoid segment of CN VII exiting the
stylomastoid foramen and entering the parotid gland.

che
cn6
cn7
cn7l
cn7m
cn7t
cn8
cn8sv
coc
comcr
cpac
geng
iac
mec
pa
parg
ponbp
pont
porus
ssch
sscp
stymf
v4v
vest

cerebellar hemisphere

abducens nerve
facial nerve
labyrinthine segment facial nerve
mastoid segment facial nerve
tympanic segment of facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
superior division of vestibular nerve
cochlea
common crus
cerebellopontine angle cistern
geniculate ganglion
internal auditory canal
Meckel’s cave
petrous apex
parotid gland
basis pontis of pons
tegmentum of pons
porus acousticus
horizontal semicircular canal
posterior semicircular canal
stylomastoid foramen
fourth ventricle
vestibule

(continued)


210

IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

6.14g

6.14f

6.14h

6.14i

FIGURES 6.14f–l Normal sagittal oblique T2W images from medial to lateral (6.14f–l) clearly demonstrate CN VII and VIII
extending from the brainstem to the inner ear structures.

KEY
amy
cl
cn3
cn5
cn7
cn8
hip
iac
m1
mca

amygdala
clivus
oculomotor nerve
trigeminal nerve
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve

hippocampus
internal auditory canal
m1 (horizontal segment mca)
middle cerebral artery

mec
on
pitg
pon
porus
ptr
sf
tentc
tlo

Meckel’s cave
optic nerve
pituitary gland
pons
porus acousticus
porus trigeminus
Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)
tentorium cerebelli
temporal lobe

(continued)


CHAPTER 6

6.14j

THE CRANIAL NERVES

211

6.14k

FIGURES 6.14j–l

KEY
cn7
cn8c
cn8iv
cn8sv
coc
falcr
ssch
sscs

facial nerve
cochlear nerve
inferior division of vestibular nerve
superior division of vestibular nerve
cochlea
falciform crest
horizontal semicircular canal
superior semicircular canal

6.14l

(continued)