Ebook Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4/E): Part 1

NURSINGINFORMATICS
andtheFoundationof
Knowledge
FOURTHEDITION
DeeMcGonigle,PhD,RN,CNE,FAAN,ANEF
Director,VirtualLearningExperiences(VLE)and
ProfessorGraduateProgram,ChamberlainCollegeof
NursingMember,InformaticsandTechnologyExpert
Panel(ITEP)fortheAmericanAcademyofNursing
KathleenMastrian,PhD,RN
AssociateProfessorandProgramCoordinatorfor
NursingPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,ShenangoSr.
ManagingEditor,OnlineJournalofNursingInformatics
(OJNI)

JONES&BARTLETT
LEARNING


WorldHeadquarters
Jones&BartlettLearning
5WallStreet
BurlingtonMA01803
978-443-5000

www.jblearning.com
Jones&BartlettLearningbooksandproductsare
availablethroughmostbookstoresandonline
booksellers.TocontactJones&BartlettLearning

directly,call800-832-0034,fax978-443-8000,orvisit
ourwebsite,www.jblearning.com.

SubstantialdiscountsonbulkquantitiesofJones&
BartlettLearningpublicationsareavailableto
corporations,professionalassociations,andother
qualifiedorganizations.Fordetailsandspecific
discountinformation,contactthespecialsales
departmentatJones&BartlettLearningviathe
abovecontactinformationorsendanemailto


Copyright©2018byJones&BartlettLearning,LLC,
anAscendLearningCompany


Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthematerialprotectedby
thiscopyrightmaybereproducedorutilizedinany
form,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,
recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrieval
system,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyright
owner.
Thecontent,statements,views,andopinionsherein
arethesoleexpressionoftherespectiveauthorsand
notthatofJones&BartlettLearning,LLC.Reference
hereintoanyspecificcommercialproduct,process,or
servicebytradename,trademark,manufacturer,or
otherwisedoesnotconstituteorimplyitsendorsement
orrecommendationbyJones&BartlettLearning,LLC
andsuchreferenceshallnotbeusedforadvertisingor

productendorsementpurposes.Alltrademarks
displayedarethetrademarksofthepartiesnoted
herein.NursingInformaticsandtheFoundationof
Knowledge,FourthEditionisanindependent
publicationandhasnotbeenauthorized,sponsored,or
otherwiseapprovedbytheownersofthetrademarksor
servicemarksreferencedinthisproduct.
Theremaybeimagesinthisbookthatfeaturemodels;
thesemodelsdonotnecessarilyendorse,represent,or
participateintheactivitiesrepresentedintheimages.
Anyscreenshotsinthisproductareforeducationaland
instructivepurposesonly.Anyindividualsand
scenariosfeaturedinthecasestudiesthroughoutthis


productmayberealorfictitious,butareusedfor
instructionalpurposesonly.
Theauthors,editor,andpublisherhavemadeevery
efforttoprovideaccurateinformation.However,they
arenotresponsibleforerrors,omissions,orforany
outcomesrelatedtotheuseofthecontentsofthis
bookandtakenoresponsibilityfortheuseofthe
productsandproceduresdescribed.Treatmentsand
sideeffectsdescribedinthisbookmaynotbe
applicabletoallpeople;likewise,somepeoplemay
requireadoseorexperienceasideeffectthatisnot
describedherein.Drugsandmedicaldevicesare
discussedthatmayhavelimitedavailabilitycontrolled
bytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)foruse
onlyinaresearchstudyorclinicaltrial.Research,

clinicalpractice,andgovernmentregulationsoften
changetheacceptedstandardinthisfield.When
considerationisbeinggiventouseofanydruginthe
clinicalsetting,thehealthcareproviderorreaderis
responsiblefordeterminingFDAstatusofthedrug,
readingthepackageinsert,andreviewingprescribing
informationforthemostup-to-daterecommendations
ondose,precautions,andcontraindications,and
determiningtheappropriateusagefortheproduct.This
isespeciallyimportantinthecaseofdrugsthatare
neworseldomused.
12268-8


ProductionCredits
VP,ExecutivePublisher:DavidD.Cella
ExecutiveEditor:AmandaMartin
EditorialAssistant:ChristinaFreitas
ProductionManager:CarolynRogersPershouse
SeniorMarketingManager:JenniferScherzay
ProductFulfillmentManager:WendyKilborn
Composition:S4CarlislePublishingServices
CoverandTextDesign:MichaelO’Donnell
Rights&MediaSpecialist:WesDeShano
MediaDevelopmentEditor:ShannonSheehan
CoverImage(TitlePage,PartOpener,Chapter
Opener):©fotomak/Shutterstock
PrintingandBinding:LSCCommunications
CoverPrinting:LSCCommunications
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData

Names:McGonigle,Dee,editor.|Mastrian,Kathleen
Garver,editor.
Title:Nursinginformaticsandthefoundationof
knowledge/[editedby]
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian.
Description:Fourthedition.|Burlington,MA:Jones&
BartlettLearning,
[2018]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2016043838|ISBN9781284121247
(pbk.)
Subjects:|MESH:NursingInformatics|Knowledge
Classification:LCCRT50.5|NLMWY26.5|DDC
651.5/04261--dc23


LCrecordavailableat
/>6048
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
212019181710987654321


ThePedagogy
NursingInformaticsandtheFoundationof
Knowledge,FourthEditiondrivescomprehension
throughavarietyofstrategiesgearedtowardmeeting
thelearningneedsofstudents,whilealsogenerating
enthusiasmaboutthetopic.Thisinteractiveapproach
addressesdiverselearningstyles,makingthistheideal
texttoensuremasteryofkeyconcepts.The
pedagogicalaidsthatappearinmostchaptersinclude

thefollowing:




SpecialAcknowledgments
Wewanttoexpressoursincereappreciationtothe
staffatJones&BartlettLearning,especiallyAmanda,
Christina,andCarolyn,fortheircontinued
encouragement,assistance,andsupportduringthe
writingprocessandpublicationofourbook.


Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
SECTIONI:BUILDINGBLOCKSOF
NURSINGINFORMATICS
1NursingScienceandtheFoundationof
Knowledge
DeeMcGonigleandKathleenMastrian
Introduction
QualityandSafetyEducationforNurses
Summary
References

2IntroductiontoInformation,Information
Science,andInformationSystems
KathleenMastrianandDeeMcGonigle

Introduction
Information
InformationScience
InformationProcessing
InformationScienceandtheFoundationof
Knowledge
IntroductiontoInformationSystems


Summary
References

3ComputerScienceandtheFoundation
ofKnowledgeModel
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,and
JuneKaminski
Introduction
TheComputerasaToolforManaging
InformationandGeneratingKnowledge
Components
WhatIstheRelationshipofComputerScience
toKnowledge?
HowDoestheComputerSupportCollaboration
andInformationExchange?
CloudComputing
LookingtotheFuture
Summary
WorkingWisdom
ApplicationScenario
References

4IntroductiontoCognitiveScienceand
CognitiveInformatics
KathleenMastrianandDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
CognitiveScience
SourcesofKnowledge
NatureofKnowledge


HowKnowledgeandWisdomAreUsedin
DecisionMaking
CognitiveInformatics
CognitiveInformaticsandNursingPractice
WhatIsAI?
Summary
References

5EthicalApplicationsofInformatics
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,and
NedraFarcus
Introduction
Ethics
Bioethics
EthicalIssuesandSocialMedia
EthicalDilemmasandMorals
EthicalDecisionMaking
TheoreticalApproachestoHealthcareEthics
ApplyingEthicstoInformatics
CaseAnalysisDemonstration

NewFrontiersinEthicalIssues
Summary
References

SECTIONII:PERSPECTIVESONNURSING
INFORMATICS
6HistoryandEvolutionofNursing
Informatics


KathleenMastrianandDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
TheEvolutionofaSpecialty
WhatIsNursingInformatics?
TheDIKWParadigm
CapturingandCodifyingtheWorkofNursing
TheNurseasaKnowledgeWorker
TheFuture
Summary
References

7NursingInformaticsasaSpecialty
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,JulieA.
Kenney,andIdaAndrowich
Introduction
NursingContributionstoHealthcare
Informatics
ScopeandStandards
NursingInformaticsRoles
SpecialtyEducationandCertification

NursingInformaticsCompetencies
RewardsofNIPractice
NIOrganizationsandJournals
TheFutureofNursingInformatics
Summary
References

8LegislativeAspectsofNursing
Informatics:HITECHandHIPAA


KathleenM.Gialanella,KathleenMastrian,
andDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
HIPAACameFirst
OverviewoftheHITECHAct
HowaNationalHITInfrastructureIsBeing
Developed
HowtheHITECHActChangedHIPAA
ImplicationsforNursingPractice
FutureRegulations
Summary
References

SECTIONIII:NURSINGINFORMATICS
ADMINISTRATIVE
APPLICATIONS:PRECARE
ANDCARESUPPORT
9SystemsDevelopmentLifeCycle:
NursingInformaticsandOrganizational

DecisionMaking
DeeMcGonigleandKathleenMastrian
Introduction
WaterfallModel
RapidPrototypingorRapidApplication
Development
Object-OrientedSystemsDevelopment
DynamicSystemDevelopmentMethod
Computer-AidedSoftwareEngineeringTools


OpenSourceSoftwareandFree/OpenSource
Software
Interoperability
Summary
References

10AdministrativeInformationSystems
MarianelaZytkowski,SusanPaschke,
KathleenMastrian,andDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
TypesofHealthcareOrganizationInformation
Systems
CommunicationSystems
CoreBusinessSystems
OrderEntrySystems
PatientCareSupportSystems
Interoperability
AggregatingPatientandOrganizationalData
DepartmentCollaborationandExchangeof

KnowledgeandInformation
Summary
References

11TheHuman–TechnologyInterface
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,and
JudithA.Effken
Introduction
TheHuman–TechnologyInterface
TheHuman–TechnologyInterfaceProblem


ImprovingtheHuman–TechnologyInterface
AFrameworkforEvaluation
FutureoftheHuman–TechnologyInterface
Summary
References

12ElectronicSecurity
LisaReevesBertin,KathleenMastrian,and
DeeMcGonigle
Introduction
SecuringNetworkInformation
AuthenticationofUsers
ThreatstoSecurity
SecurityTools
OffsiteUseofPortableDevices
Summary
References

13WorkflowandBeyondMeaningfulUse
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,and
DeniseHammel-Jones
Introduction
WorkflowAnalysisPurpose
WorkflowandTechnology
WorkflowAnalysisandInformaticsPractice
InformaticsasaChangeAgent
MeasuringtheResults
FutureDirections


Summary
References

SECTIONIV:NURSINGINFORMATICS
PRACTICEAPPLICATIONS:
CAREDELIVERY
14TheElectronicHealthRecordand
ClinicalInformatics
EmilyB.Barey,KathleenMastrian,andDee
McGonigle
Introduction
SettingtheStage
ComponentsofElectronicHealthRecords
AdvantagesofElectronicHealthRecords
StandardizedTerminologyandtheEHR
OwnershipofElectronicHealthRecords
FlexibilityandExpandability
AccountableCareOrganizationsandtheEHR

TheFuture
Summary
References

15InformaticsToolstoPromotePatient
SafetyandQualityOutcomes
DeeMcGonigleandKathleenMastrian
Introduction
WhatIsaCultureofSafety?
StrategiesforDevelopingaSafetyCulture


InformaticsTechnologiesforPatientSafety
RoleoftheNurseInformaticist
Summary
References

16PatientEngagementandConnected
Health
KathleenMastrianandDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
ConsumerDemandforInformation
HealthLiteracyandHealthInitiatives
HealthcareOrganizationApproachesto
Engagement
PromotingHealthLiteracyinSchool-Aged
Children
SupportingUseoftheInternetforHealth
Education
FutureDirectionsforEngagingPatients

Summary
References

17UsingInformaticstoPromote
Community/PopulationHealth
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,
MargaretRossKraft,andIdaAndrowich
Introduction
CorePublicHealthFunctions
CommunityHealthRiskAssessment:Toolsfor
AcquiringKnowledge


ProcessingKnowledgeandInformationto
SupportEpidemiologyandMonitoringDisease
Outbreaks
ApplyingKnowledgetoHealthDisaster
PlanningandPreparation
InformaticsToolstoSupportCommunication
andDissemination
UsingFeedbacktoImproveResponsesand
PromoteReadiness
Summary
References

18TelenursingandRemoteAccess
Telehealth
OriginalcontributionbyAudreyKinsella,
KathleenAlbright,SheldonPrial,and
SchuylerF.Hoss;revisedbyKathleen

MastrianandDeeMcGonigle
Introduction
TheFoundationofKnowledgeModelandHome
Telehealth
NursingAspectsofTelehealth
HistoryofTelehealth
DrivingForcesforTelehealth
TelehealthCare
Telenursing
TelehealthPatientPopulations
ToolsofHomeTelehealth
HomeTelehealthSoftware


HomeTelehealthPracticeandProtocols
Legal,Ethical,andRegulatoryIssues
ThePatient’sRoleinTelehealth
TelehealthResearch
EvolvingTelehealthModels
PartingThoughtsfortheFutureandaView
TowardWhattheFutureHolds
Summary
References

SECTIONV:EDUCATIONAPPLICATIONSOF
NURSINGINFORMATICS
19NursingInformaticsandNursing
Education
HeatherE.McKinney,SylviaDeSantis,
KathleenMastrian,andDeeMcGonigle

Introduction:NursingEducationandthe
FoundationofKnowledgeModel
KnowledgeAcquisitionandSharing
EvolutionofLearningManagementSystems
DeliveryModalities
TechnologyToolsSupportingEducation
Internet-BasedTools
PromotingActiveandCollaborativeLearning
KnowledgeDisseminationandSharing
ExploringInformationFairUseandCopyright
Restrictions
TheFuture


Summary
References

20Simulation,GameMechanics,and
VirtualWorldsinNursingEducation
DeeMcGonigle,KathleenMastrian,Brett
Bixler,andNickolausMiehl
Introduction
SimulationinNursingInformaticsEducation
NursingInformaticsCompetenciesinNursing
Education
ACaseforSimulationinNursingInformatics
EducationandNursingEducation
IncorporatingEHRsintotheLearning
Environment
ChallengesandOpportunities

TheFutureofSimulationinNursing
InformaticsEducation
GameMechanicsandVirtualWorldSimulation
forNursingEducation
GameMechanicsandEducationalGames
VirtualWorldsinEducation
ChoosingAmongSimulations,Educational
Games,andVirtualWorlds
TheFutureofSimulations,Games,andVirtual
WorldsinNursingEducation
Summary
References


SECTIONVI:RESEARCHAPPLICATIONSOF
NURSINGINFORMATICS
21NursingResearch:DataCollection,
Processing,andAnalysis
HeatherE.McKinney,SylviaDeSantis,
KathleenMastrian,andDeeMcGonigle
Introduction:NursingResearchandthe
FoundationofKnowledgeModel
KnowledgeGenerationThroughNursing
Research
AcquiringPreviouslyGainedKnowledge
ThroughInternetandLibraryHoldings
FairUseofInformationandSharing
InformaticsToolsforCollectingDataand
StorageofInformation
ToolsforProcessingDataandDataAnalysis

TheFuture
Summary
References

22DataMiningasaResearchTool
DeeMcGonigleandKathleenMastrian
Introduction:BigData,DataMining,and
KnowledgeDiscovery
KDDandResearch
DataMiningConcepts
DataMiningTechniques