Ebook Histology for pathologists (4/E): Part 1

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H ISTOLOGY
for

PATHOLOGISTS
F O U R T H E D IT IO N

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H ISTOLOGY
for

PATHOLOGISTS
F O U R T H E D IT IO N

Editor
Stacey E. Mills, MD
W.S. Royster Professor of Pathology
Director of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia


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Histology or pathologists. -- 4th ed. / editor, Stacey E. Mills.
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Contributors

Graziella Abu-Jawdeh, MD

Gerald J. Berry, MD

Associate Pathologist
Pathology Department
North Shore Medical Center
Salem, Massachusetts

Professor of Pathology

Department of Pathology
Stanford University
Director of Cardiac Pathology
Co-Director of Surgical Pathology
Department of Pathology
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD
Assistant Attending
Department of Pathology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Jacques Bosq, MD
Pathologist, Chief of Pathology Unit
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Institut Gustave Roussy
Villejuif, France

Kristen A. Atkins, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
Director, Residency Training
Department of Pathology
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia

John S. J. Brooks, MD
Professor and Vice Chair
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

University of Pennsylvania Medical School

José E. Barreto, MD
Pathologist
Pathology Department
National University

Chair and Director, Ayer Laboratory
Pathology Department
Pennsylvania Hospital of UPHS
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Pathologist
Pathology Department
Instituto de Patología e Investigación
Asunción, Paraguay

Peter G. Bullough, MD, ChB

Assistant Professor of Pathology
Department of Pathology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Professor Emeritus
Director of Laboratories Emeritus
Department of Pathology
Cornell University Medical School Hospital
for Special Surgery
New York, New York

Kurt Benirschke, MD

Peter C. Burger, MD

Sarah M. Bean, MD

Professor Emeritus
Emeritus Director of Autopsy Service
Pathology Department
University of California–San Diego Medical Center
San Diego, California

Professor of Pathology
Department of Pathology
The John Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Rex C. Bentley, MD

Chief, Pathology A
Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
Milan, Italy

Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Maria Luisa Carcangiu, MD

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vi

Co n trib u to rs

J. Aidan Carney, MD, PhD, FRCP

Lola Conejo-Mir, MD

Emeritus Professor of Pathology
Department of Laboratory and Pathology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Dermatologist
Dermatology Department
Virgen Del Rocio University Hospital
Seville, Spain

Darryl Carter, MD

Byron P. Croker, MD, PhD

Professor Emeritus
Pathology Department

Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Professor
Department of Pathology, Immunology, and
Laboratory Medicine
University of Florida

Odile Casiraghi, MD

Chief
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service
North Florida/South Georgia Veterans
Health System
Gainesville, Florida

Department of Biology and Medical Pathology
Gustave-Roussy Cancer Institute
Villejuif, France

William L. Clapp, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology, Immunology and
Laboratory Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine

Antonio L. Cubilla, MD

Chief, Anatomic Pathology
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service

North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System
Gainesville, Florida

Director
Pathology Department
Instituto de Patología e Investigación
Asunción, Paraguay

Philip B. Clement, MD

Thomas J. Cummings, MD

Professor Emeritus
Pathology
University of British Columbia
Consultant Pathologist
Pathology Department
Vancouver General Hospital
Vancouver, Canada

Thomas V. Colby, MD
Professor
Mayo Clinic of Medicine–Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona

Laura C. Collins, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
Harvard Medical School
Associate Director of Anatomic Pathology
Pathology Department

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts

Julian Conejo-Mir, MD, PhD
Head Professor
Dermatology Department
Faculty of Medicine
Chairman
Dermatology Department
Virgen Del Rocio University Hospital
Seville, Spain

Professor Emeritus
Pathology
National University

Professor of Pathology
Department of Pathology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Julia Dahl, MD
Chief Medical Of cer and Director of
Surgical Pathology
Mosaic Pathology Consultants
The Regional Medical Center at Memphis
Memphis, Tennessee

Yogeshwar Dayal, MD
Clinical Professor

Department of Pathology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Ronald A. DeLellis, MD
Professor
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Brown University/Warren Alpert Medical School
Pathologist
Pathology Department
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island


Co n trib u to rs

Hala El-Zimaity, MD

Nancy S. Hardt, MD

Associate Professor of Pathology
Pathology Department
University of Toronto
University Health Network
Toronto, Ontario

Professor, Pathology and Ob-Gyn
Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida

Claus Fenger, MD, Dr. M.Sc.
Department of Clinical Pathology
University of Southern Denmark
Odense, Denmark

Chair
Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences
University at Buffalo School of Medicine
Buffalo, New York

Samson W. Fine, MD

Michael R. Hendrickson, MD

Assistant Attending Pathologist
Department of Pathology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Professor Emeritus of Pathology
Department of Pathology
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Henry F. Frierson, Jr., MD

Boris Hinz, PhD

Professor

Department of Pathology
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia

Associate Professor
Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario

Gregory N. Fuller, MD, PhD

Seung-Mo Hong, MD, PhD

Professor, Department of Pathology
Chief, Section of Neuropathology
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas

Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Asan Medical Center
University of Ulsan College of Medicine
Seoul, Korea

Reid R. Heffner Jr., MD

Giulio Gabbiani, MD, PhD

Eva Horvath, PhD

Professor of Pathology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Geneva
Geneva, Switzerland

Patrick J. Gallagher, MD, PhD, FRCPath
Senior Clinical Lecturer
Centre for Medical Education
University of Bristol
Bristol, United Kingdom

Ralph H. Hruban, MD
Professor
Pathology Department
The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

C. Blake Gilks, MD, FRCP(C)
Professor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of British Columbia
Consultant Pathologist
Department of Anatomic Pathology
Vancouver General Hospital
Vancouver, British Columbia

Joel Kasle Greenson, MD
Professor
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Pathologist
Pathology Department
University of Michigan Health Center

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Associate Professor
Laboratory Medicine
St. Michael’s Hospital
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario

Attending Pathologist
Pathology Department
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland

Nicole Belsley Johnson, MD
Instructor
Pathology Department
Harvard Medical School
Staff Pathologist
Pathology Department
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
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viii

Co n trib u to rs

Andrew Kanik, MD

Steven H. Lewis, MD, FCAP, FACOG

Director of Dermatopathology
CBLPath
Rye Brook, New York

Clinical Professor of Pathology
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
Chairman, Public Programs
The Given Institute
Aspen, Colorado

Richard L. Kempson, MD
Professor of Pathology, Emeritus
Pathology Department
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

Min Li, MD, PhD
Attending Pathologist/Dermatopathologist
St. Luke’s Hospital and Health Network
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

David S. Klimstra, MD
Professor
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University

M. Beatriz S. Lopes, MD
Professor of Pathology & Neurologic Surgery
Department of Pathology
University of Virginia

Chief, Surgical Pathology Service
Department of Pathology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Division Chief
Division of Neuropathology
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia

Gordon K. Klintworth, MD, PhD
Joseph A. C. Wadsworth Professor of Ophthalmology
and Professor of Pathology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Fernando Martínez-Madrigal, MD

Kalman Kovacs, MD, PhD

Pathologist
Pathology Department
Hospital Regional de Zona No del Instituto Mexicano del
Seguro Social
Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

Emeritus Professor and Scientist
Laboratory Medicine
St. Michael’s Hospital
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario

J. Han J. M. van Krieken, MD, PhD
Head of Pathology
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Steven H. Kroft, MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Education and
Academic Affairs

Professor
Pathology and Histology Department
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo

Jesse K. McKenney, MD
Associate Professor
Pathology and Urology
Stanford University
Director of Urologic Pathology
Pathology Department
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Director of Hematopathology

Department of Pathology
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Leslie Michaels, MD

Kevin O. Leslie, MD

Visiting Professor of ENTpathology
Department of Histopathology
Imperial College London
Charing Cross Hospital Campus
London, England

Professor Emeritus
Department of Histopathology
University College London Medical School

Professor
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Clinic of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
Chair, Division of Anatomic Pathology
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Clinic of Medicine–Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona

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Co n trib u to rs

Stacey E. Mills, MD

Peter J. Pernicone, MD

W. S. Royster Professor of Pathology
Director of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia

Staff Pathologist, Director of Histology Laboratory
Florida Hospital Medical Center
Orlando, Florida

Attilio Orazi, MD, FRCPath (ENGL)

Staff Pathologist
Montgomery Hospital Medical Center
Norristown, Pennsylvania

Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Vice Chairman for Hemapathology
Weill Cornell Medical College
Director, Division of Hemapathology
New York Presbyterian Hospital
New York, New York

Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo, MD
Professor of Histology

Department of Tissue and Cell Biology
School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana
Chairman
Department of Surgical Pathology
The American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center
Mexico City, Mexico

Christopher N. Otis, MD
Professor of Pathology
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Director of Surgical Pathology
Department of Pathology
Baystate Medical Center
Spring eld, Massachusetts

David A. Owen, MB, BCh, FRCPath,
FRCPC
Professor
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of British Columbia
Consultant Pathologist
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Vancouver General Hospital
Vancouver, Canada

Liron Pantanowitz, MD

Patricia Perosio, MD

Robert E. Petras, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Pathology
Northeast Ohio Medical University
Rootstown, Ohio
National Director for Gastrointestinal Pathology Services
Ameripath, Inc.
Oakwood Village, Ohio

Martha Bishop Pitman, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Harvard Medical School
Director of Cytopathology
Department of Pathology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts

Miriam D. Post, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pathology
University School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado

Luis Requena, HD, PhD
Professor
Dermatology Department
Universidad Autonoma
Chairman (Chief)
Dermatology Department
Fundacion Jimenez Diaz

Madrid, Spain

Victor E. Reuter, MD

Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Professor of Pathology
Pathology Department
Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Associate Director of Cytopathology
Department of Pathology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center–Shadyside
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Vice Chairman
Pathology Department
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

ix


x

Co n trib u to rs

Robert H. Riddell, MD, FRCPath,

FRCP(C)
Professor
Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
University of Toronto
Head, Sections of Gastrointestinal Pathology and
Immunohistochemistry
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
Toronto, Ontario

Stanley J. Robboy, MD
Vice-Chair for Faculty Affairs
Department of Pathology
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Bernd W. Scheithauer, MD (Deceased)
Mayo Clinic
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Stuart J. Schnitt, MD
Professor
Pathology Department
Harvard Medical School
Director, Division of Anatomic Pathology
Pathology Department
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts

Walter Schürch, MD, Dr. Med.

Juan Rosai, MD

Professor of Pathology
Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire
Université de Montréal

Professor of Pathology
Centro Consulenze Anatomia Patologica Oncologica
Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI)
Milan, Italy

Senior Attending Pathologist
Departement de Pathologie
Hôtel-Dieu du CHUM
Montreal, Quebec

Andrew E. Rosenberg, MD

Edward B. Stelow, MD

Professor
Pathology Department
Harvard Medical School
Pathologist Chief, Bone & Soft Tissue Pathology
Pathology Department
Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts

Sanford I. Roth, MD
Lecturer
Pathology Department
Harvard Medical School
Consultant
Pathology Department
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts

Peter M. Sadow, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Pathology Department
Harvard Medical School
Staff Pathologist, ENT, Endocrine, and Genitourinary
Pathology
Pathology Department
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts

Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia

Arief Antonius Suriawinata, MD
Associate Professor
Pathology Department
Darmouth Medical School

Hanover, New Hampshire
Section Chief of Anatomic Pathology
Darmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire

Saul Suster, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Swan N. Thung, MD
Professor
Department of Pathology
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Director of Hepatopathology
Department of Pathology
The Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York


Co n trib u to rs

Satish K. Tickoo, MD

Emanuela Veras, MD

Attending Pathologist
Member, Memorial Hospital
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

New York, New York

Assistant Professor of Pathology
Pathology Department
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Arthur S. Tischler, MD

Roy O. Weller, MD, PhD, FRCPath

Professor
Pathology Department
Tufts University School of Medicine

Emeritus Professor of Neuropathology
Clinical Neurosciences
University of Southampton School of Medicine

Senior Pathologist
Pathology Department
Tufts Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts

Emeritus Consultant Neuropathologist
Cellular Pathology (Neuropathology)
Southampton University Hospitals Trust
Southampton, United Kingdom

Thomas D. Trainer, MD

Bruce M. Wenig, MD

Professor Emeritus, Pathology
University of Vermont College of Medicine

Professor of Pathology
Department of Pathology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Attending in Pathology
Fletcher Allen Health Care
Burlington, Vermont

Lawrence D. True, MD
Professor
Pathology Department
University of Washington
Attending Pathologist
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington

Carlos D. Urmacher, MD, FCAP, FASCP
Chief Medical Of cer
CBLPath
Rye Brook, New York

Paul van der Valk, MD, PhD

Chairman
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Beth Israel Medical Center; St. Luke’s and Roosevelt
Hospitals
New York, New York

Edward J. Wilkinson, MD, FACOG, FCAP
Professor and Vice Chairman
Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida
Vice Chairman of Pathology
Department of Pathology
Shands Hospital at the University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Pathologist
Department of Pathology
VU University Medical Center
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Samuel A. Yousem, MD

Elsa F. Velazquez, MD

Vice Chair, Anatomic Pathology Services
Department of Pathology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center–Presbyterian
Campus
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Dermatopathologist
Miraca Life Sciences
Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology
Tuft Medical School

Professor of Pathology
Department of Pathology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

xi



Preface

The third edition of Histology for Pathologists was published
in 2007 and it is reasonable to ask if “normal” has changed
enough in the ensuing 5 years to justify a new edition. The
answer, of course, is that normal has not changed at all (evolution is indeed a slow process!) but our perception of normal continues to expand and improve. In particular, we have
developed many new immunohistochemical markers, and the
ever-growing spectrum of their expression in normal tissues
provides insights into pathologic processes arising from or differentiating toward these tissues. We also continue to recognize new variations of normal that cause diagnostic confusion.
Accordingly, the fourth edition brings incremental but valuable
improvements in our perceptions of human histology.
This new edition also brings quite a few new authors
and their fresh perspectives, sadly necessitated in several
instances by the deaths of former world-class senior contributors. Those no longer with us include, Drs. Margaret
Billingham, John McNeal, and Sunitha Wickramasinghe.
Shortly after submission of his chapter for this edition, my

friend Dr. Bernd Scheithauer also left us. The chapters on

Prostate and Bone Marrow, in particular, have been greatly
revised in this new edition because of new senior authorship.
As with prior editions of this text, its goal remains to
bridge the gap between the histology of normality and
pathologic alterations. Although the text emphasizes normal
histology and normal features that may be confused with
pathologic conditions, pre-pathologic conditions and pathologic processes confused with normal are brie y discussed
in most chapters. It is this pathologic perspective that continues to set Histology for Pathologists apart from standard
histology texts written by anatomists. Considerable effort
has been expended to improve and update the illustrations,
adding new ones whenever appropriate.
We believe that the fourth edition of this text is the best
yet and that it will continue to provide valuable aid to both
the neophyte pathology trainee and the experienced anatomic pathologist.
Stacey E. Mills, MD

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xiii



Preface to the First Edition

Histology textbooks exist in abundance. Some are classics of
their kind and have gone through innumerable editions over
many years. They have served pathologists well, for the most
part, especially in terms of strict tissue and cell histology.
There is, however, a borderline between histology and pathology in which information for the pathologist is often lacking.

With this textbook we made an attempt to ll the gap.
The signi cance and function of many histological structures
in terms of pathological interpretation is often absent or
obscure. In particular, variations of the norm related to such
variables as age, sex, and race are often not clari ed in conventional textbooks. For example, the chapter on paraganglia
notes that the connective tissue between the lobules in the
carotid body increases with age. Another example related to
age is in the pediatric kidney chapter, where it is noted that
the glomeruli of fetuses are disproportionately large and are
rarely seen in a state of histological “immaturity.” While
the chapter on the myo broblast details the location,
staining, ultrastructure, and cytoskeletal protein composition of this unusual cell, we also learn of its importance in
the desmoplastic reaction in cancerous tissue and, most
importantly, that it is not found in carcinomas which are
still in situ.
Some gross observations occasionally will be found as
lagniappe, such as the notation that in patients with congenital absence of a kidney, the ipsilateral adrenal will be

round rather than angulated. Another example would be
that there is a crease in the earlobe associated with coronary artery disease.
Variations in staining reactions are considered, such as
the failure of factor VIII to stain renal glomerular vessels.
One nds that intestinal endocrine cells can be detected
with hematoxylin and eosin (sic) stains by the infranuclear
location of the granules. Uncommonly known xation
artifacts are uncovered; for example, the prickle-cell layer
(with so-called intercellular bridges) is actually a retraction
artifact of the plasma membranes with the desmosomes
remaining relatively xed.
In most chapters, “prepathological” considerations are

emphasized, while in others the developed pathological
alterations related to the norm represent the major thrust
of the chapter.
Some comments will be perceived as gratuitous, such
as the remark in the penis chapter to the effect that “the
prepuce could be a mistake of nature.” Furthermore, we
learn that the “collagen bers are wavy in the accid state
and become straight during erection.”
The pathology neophyte as well as the many esteemed
and experienced pathologists will nd helpful information
in this book.
Stephen S. Sternberg, MD

xv



Acknowledgments

The chapter authors are the heart and soul of this text and
their efforts over multiple editions have made this book the
asset to pathologists that it has become. My own contributions would not have been possible without the support
of my friends and family, especially my wife, Linda. Our
daughters, Elizabeth and Anne, now married and starting families of their own continue to be sources of pride,
inspiration and insight about all things beyond pathol-

ogy. I remain indebted to my early mentors, Ben Sturgill,
Shannon Allen, Bob Fechner and Phil Cooper who got me
started on the right path, to Dick Kempson my “adopted”
west coast mentor and good friend, and to all my colleagues

at the University of Virginia and our trainees from whom I
continue to learn and hope to do so for a long time to come.
Stacey E. Mills, MD

xvii



Contents

Con tribu tors v
P reface xiii
P reface to the First Edition
Ackn owledgmen ts xvii

S E C T IO N

xv

IV

Nervous System
10 Peripheral Nervous System 261
Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo and Roy O. Weller

S E C T IO N

I

Cutaneous Tissue

11 Central Nervous System 295
Gregory N. Fuller and Peter C. Burger

12 Pituitary and Sellar Region 343

1 Normal Skin 3
Andrew Kanik, Min Li, and Carlos D. Urmacher

M. Beatriz, S. Lopes, Peter J. Pernicone,
Bernd W. Scheithauer, Eva Horvath, and Kalman Kovacs

2 Nail 31
Julian Conejo-Mir, Luis Requena, and Lola Conejo-Mir
S E C T IO N

V

Head and Neck
S E C T IO N

II

Breast

13 Normal Eye and Ocular Adnexa 375
Gordon K. Klintworth and Thomas J. Cummings

3 Breast 67
Laura C. Collins and Stuart J. Schnitt

14 The Ear and Temporal Bone 399
Bruce M. Wenig and Leslie Michaels

15 Mouth, Nose, and Paranasal Sinuses 433
S E C T IO N

III

Musculoskeletal System
4 Bone 85
Andrew E. Rosenberg and Sanford I. Roth

5 J oints 107

Liron Pantanowitz and Karoly Balogh

16 Larynx and Pharynx 461
Stacey E. Mills

17 Major Salivary Glands 477
Fernando Martínez-Madrigal, Jaques Bosq,
and Odile Casiraghi

Peter G. Bullough

6 Myof broblast 131
Boris Hinz, Giulio Gabbiani, Thomas A. Seemayer,
and Walter Schürch

7 Adipose Tissue 179
John S.J. Brooks and Patricia M. Perosio

8 Skeletal Muscle 211
Reid R. Heffner Jr. and Lucia L. Balos

9 Blood Vessels 233
Patrick J. Gallagher and Allard C. van der Wal

S E C T IO N

VI

Thorax and Serous Membranes
18 Lungs 505
Kevin O. Leslie, Samuel A. Yousem, and Thomas V. Colby

19 Thymus 541
Saul Suster and Juan Rosai

20 Normal Heart 563
Gerald J. Berry and Margaret E. Billingham

xix


xx

Co n te n ts

21 Serous Membranes 585
Darryl Carter, Lawrence True, and Christopher N. Otis

S E C T IO N

V II

Alimentary Tract
22 Esophagus 605
Hala El-Zimaity and Robert H. Riddell

23 Stomach 633

S E C T IO N

IX

Genitourinary Tract
34 Kidney 891
William L. Clapp and Byron P. Croker

35 Urinary Bladder, Ureter,
and Renal Pelvis

971

Victor E. Reuter, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, and
Satish K. Tickoo

36 Prostate 987

David A. Owen

Samson W. Fine and Jesse K. McKenney

24 Small Intestine 647
William E. Katzin and Robert E. Petras

25 Colon 673

37 Testis and Excretory
Duct System 1003
Thomas D. Trainer

Julia Dahl and Joel K. Greenson

26 Vermi orm Appendix 697

38 Penis and Distal Urethra 1027
Elsa F. Velazquez, José E. Barreto, and Antonio L. Cubilla

William E. Katzin and Robert E. Petras

27 Anal Canal 709
Claus Fenger

S E C T IO N

X

Female Genital System

28 Liver 733
Arief A. Suriawinata and Swan N. Thung

39 Vulva 1045
Edward J. Wilkinson and Nancy S. Hardt

29 Gallbladder and Extrahepatic
Biliary System 759
Edward B. Stelow, Seung-Mo Hong,
and Henry F. Frierson, Jr.

David S. Klimstra, Ralph H. Hruban,
and Martha B. Pitman

V III

Hematopoietic System
31 The Lymph Nodes 819
Paul van der Valk and Chris J. L. M. Meijer

32 Spleen 835
J. Han J. M. van Krieken and Attilio Orazi

33 Bone Marrow 849
Steven H. Kroft

Sarah M. Bean, Emanuella Veras, Rex C. Bentley,
and Stanley J. Robboy

41 Normal Histology o the Uterus and Fallopian

30 Pancreas 777

S E C T IO N

40 Vagina 1059

Tubes

1071

Kristen A. Atkins, Michael R. Hendrickson, and
Richard L. Kempson

42 Ovary 1119
C. Blake Gilks and Philip B. Clement

43 Placenta 1149
Steven H. Lewis, Miriam D. Post, and Kurt Benirschke


Co n te n ts

S E C T IO N

XI

Endocrine

44 Thyroid 1185

46 Adrenal 1231
J. Aidan Carney

47 The Neuroendocrine System 1255
Ronald A. DeLellis and Yogeshwar Dayal

Maria Luisa Carcangiu

45 Parathyroid 1209
Sanford I. Roth, Peter M. Sadow, Nicole Belsley Johnson,
and Graziella M. Abu-Jawdeh

48 Paraganglia 1277
Arthur S. Tischler

In dex 1301

xxi



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