Closeup Workbook key

WORKBOOK C2 KEY
Unit 1
Reading
A
Questions 1 and 5
B
1d 2c 3c 4a 5d 6a 7a 8b
Vocabulary
A
1dysfunctional
2aberrant
3maladjusted
4malfunction
5misbehave
B
1h 2d 3a 4b 5g 6f 7e 8c
C
1principled
2conduct
3head
4vulnerable
5prone
6disorders
D
1on
2pain
3terms
4out
5down
6between
7on

8beyond
E
1c 2d 3d 4d 5b 6c 7b 8d
Grammar
A
1 are/’re drifting/have drifted
2 has been venting
3 has treated
4 is/’s always peering
5 have been conducting
6 have/’ve just settled
B
1They have tested a range of
hypotheses.
2Rashid has completed the trial
study.
3The scientist is analysing the
data.
156

4I’m/am putting the samples into
the machine.
5Leon has been interviewing (the)
subjects for hours.
6Ms Clarkson has been working
all morning.
7The brain processes images in
13 milliseconds.
8He appreciates your hard work.
C

1tasted
2 had been driving
3 was tasting
4 have met
5 had driven
6 ’re/are meeting
7 Do you see
8 haven’t been walking
D
1She would be a research
assistant, but now she
supervises the lab. used to
2That’s strange; Barb used never
to talk to her neighbours across
the street. used to never / never
used to
3They ran the results through the
computer and after they have,
they wrote up a detailed report.
had/did
4Henry didn’t used to be so
difficult to work with, but he’s
been under a lot of stress. use
5In the mornings, my dog would
always beg me to take him for a
walk. He loves going out. will
6He rarely made a mistake in his
research, but when he does, he
wouldn’t admit it so readily. did
7Marcos was being a teacher at

that school, but he retired a few
years back. used to be
8We’re soaking up the rays on
the beach, just like we did every
time we go on holiday. do
E
1have
2did
3would
4not
5are
6been
7used
8has

Listening
A
Q1:reason, to bully
Q2:companies, face up to bullying
Q3:factor, reduces a charity’s donor
pool
Q4:charities, should change
approach
Q5:previous studies
Q6:saddest, how jealousy affects,
friendship
B
1c 2b 3c 4a 5a 6c
Writing
A

Well-adjusted
individuals are
often …

Maladjusted
individuals can
be …

constructive
content
meticulous
open
positive
sympathetic

apathetic
discontented
dissatisfied
neurotic
violent
withdrawn

B
1It addresses the topic mostly
appropriately, but it needs
examples of when the opposite
is true, such as how negative
feelings make people feel lazy
or overeat.
2It does not address the topic

appropriately. It should include
examples of people who lead
difficult lives due to a lack of
care as children and how they
can seek help from mental
health specialists as adults, for
instance.
3It does not address the topic
appropriately. It should include
ideas about students who feel
unfairly punished and how it
breeds resentment, and how
students should do activities
such as write essays about what
their behaviour can lead to in
later life, for example.
C
Sample answers:
1Young people today don’t often
have much real contact with the
outside world.


2There are a few things young
people can do to be more of a
part of their community.
Topic questions: Are young
people too disconnected from
the harsh realities of society?
What can young people do to

learn more about the challenges
people face in life?
D
Sample answer:
Violence in schools is a fact of life
that many students must face on a
daily basis. It is ironic that the very
place a young person might go to
educate themselves and improve
their lives could be the setting for
an act of violence. Of course, some
youths harbour dark feelings and are
perhaps undergoing difficulties that
cause them to act negatively.
Some students feel withdrawn
and apathetic about school and
life in general, and perhaps their
discontent is displayed through
obsessive or neurotic behaviour.
Their dissatisfaction with life,
their family or themselves can,
for instance, push them to harm
other students who are otherwise
content. In other words, they want
to vent their anger on others so that
they feel the way they do, which
obviously is not a constructive form
of expression.
There are a few ways to address
these students’ concerns so that

their negativity does not adversely
affect other students. A key
example is for teachers to reach
out to troubled youths and make
an effort to show an interest in their
lives. Often, withdrawn students
feel isolated from society and a
welcoming approach might pull
them out of their rut. Another way
is for educators to have an open
dialogue with parents to ensure
positive forms of communication
exist between families, teachers and
students. Lastly, although it does
not address the underlying issues
of school violence, making sure that
students know the rules and the
consequences of acting up in class
or against others might also curb the
urge to behave violently.
Naturally, it takes great effort to
eradicate violence from our schools,
but it is a phenomenon that affects
everyone involved. Not a single
youth should feel like they are all

alone, or that it is them against
the world. We all face difficulties
sometimes; therefore, having a
positive outlet for our negative

feelings keeps us in the right mental
place.

Unit 2
Reading
A
Q1: what robots, allowed to do
Q2: tales of man against machine,
ease our fears
Q3: intimate, chore, unnerved we
become
Q4: fears, overblown, fictional
stories
Q5: awareness, informed choices
Q6: aware, threat, machines,
problematic
Q7: imagining, worst-case scenario,
robot-controlled tasks
Q8: desire, menial tasks,
automatically
Q9: well-being, hands of robots,
appalling
Q10: fears of machines, always
there, not, visible
B
1C 2D 3A 4B 5B 6D 7B 8C 9A
10D
Vocabulary
A
1censors

2sensors
3ingenuous
4ingenious
5decompose
6disintegrate
7omit
8emit
B
1principal
2eradicate
3utilitarian
4tangible
5fusion
6dissolved
7revolutionary
8deduct
C
1
2
3
4
5
6

wear and tear
touch and go
more or less
back and forth
safe and sound
little by little

7
8

back to front
time after time

D
1breach
2engines
3on
4intelligence
5off
6system
7infancy
8behind
E
1b 2c 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8b
Grammar
A
1Will you be needing a ride to
the airport?
2I shan’t surf the net until I
finish/have finished my/the
assignment.
3They are not to share data with
unauthorised personnel.
4The director is to promote Julie
to lead scientist.
5By the time John arrives/has

arrived, the guests will have left.
B
1
2
3
4
5

‘ll/will fall
‘ll/will be entering
‘ll/will have explored
will remain
will have completely finished

C
1 to hear
2 just about to
3 that the mission will
4being
5 is brewing
6 to utilise
7envisage
8counting
9 sure to
10going
D
1The ideas he was generating
would revolutionise farming
technology.
2Sorry, but he was never going to

find a cure for baldness!
3The actions world leaders took
then would affect generations of
people.
4Something was going to happen
that would revolutionise our
working lives.
157


E
1c 2b 3b 4d 5a 6c
Listening
A
Students will listen for facts in Task 2
and opinions in Task 1.
B
1D 2H 3A 4B 5E 6C 7A 8F 9D
10H
Writing
A
1B 2F 3F 4O 5O 6B 7F 8B
B
1attentive; informative;
welcoming; preoccupied
2 dazzling; impractical
3 avid; obsessed
C
When it comes to using technology,
I have to admit I’m not someone

who’s used a lot of it before a
newbie. But I wanted to attend one
of those places where they feature
the latest in technology a tech expo,
so I decided to go with a friend.
While perusing the floor, I came
across a booth with a number of
devices that you can wear on your
head or body wearable devices. I
tried one on, but honestly, I had a bit
of trouble using it. A representative
who was very good and highly
skilled proficient in its use helped
me get started. I thought for sure it
would take hours and hours just to
learn basic tasks be a steep learning
curve. However, after about 20
minutes, I had mastered it and I
really felt like someone who knows
everything about technology a tech
whiz! The representatives handed
me some information that lists the
device’s selling points promotional
information, but I was hesitant to
invest in one. It had a price tag that
was far too high for me to ever be
able to afford an exorbitant price
tag, so I’ll stick with my cheap
smartphone.
D

Sample answer
I recently attended a thoroughly
entertaining tech expo in London
which featured all the latest
technological gadgets – laptops,
notebooks, smartphones, games
158

consoles and more. I had a fantastic
time sampling new technology and
poring over all the material on offer.
Some things had me scratching my
head as to how useful they might be
for the market, but I was nonetheless
dazzled by the array of equipment
spread across the exhibition floor.
The tech expo was relatively
inexpensive to attend, as I only
paid 12 euros for entry, which is
about half of what I’ve paid to
attend other venues. The site was
expansive; set in a refurbished
warehouse in an industrial district
of London, it covered what seemed
like half a football field. Each tech
company’s representative seemed
welcoming and attentive, as well as
knowledgeable once you conversed
with them.
I spent several hours sampling

devices, and what was most
impressive was the latest in games
consoles. Being an avid gamer,
it’s mesmerising to see the virtual
worlds that exist in these games.
I was especially pleased with
this aspect of the expo. The only
drawback was with the wearable
devices. Honestly, I’m not sure why
tech companies focus so much
energy on making these devices.
There were watches, glasses,
bracelets, belts and even gloves.
The screens, if they had them, were
too small, as usual. The buttons
were too difficult to operate and it
just didn’t live up to expectations.
I suppose they have an application
somewhere in our world, but for the
most part, they seem impractical, at
least for me.
All in all, I’d say going to the tech
expo was a riveting experience. It
probably won’t appeal to casual
tech users, but if you’re a bit of a
tech whiz, I would urge you to go
while it’s still on. The expo runs
until the end of this week and more
information can be found on their
website at www.londontechexpo.

co.uk.

Review 1
Vocabulary
A
1d 2c 3d 4a 5c 6c 7a 8d 9c
10b 11a 12a 13b 14b 15b 16a
17a 18a 19c 20c
Grammar
B
1d 2b 3b 4b 5b 6c 7c 8d 9c
10b 11b 12d 13c 14c 15c 16b
17a 18a 19b 20d
Use of English
C
1b 2a 3d 4d 5d 6a 7a 8d
D
1 abnormal
2 integration
3 inseparable
4 unintelligible
5 misspent
6 aberrant
7 incurable
8 unconditionally
E
1were
2used/had
3had
4have

5from
6not
7to
8would
F
1is bound to be found on other
planets
2 shall not keep my ideas
3 argument is looming
4 predict (that) the event will be
5 expected him to pay for
6 wasn’t trying to be

Unit 3
Reading
A
‘Sloppy mistakes aside’
B
1G 2E 3D 4F 5A 6H 7C


Vocabulary
A
1tolerant
2corrupt
3humane
4brutal
5callous
6merciful
7prejudiced

8apathetic
B
1
2
3
4
5

do away with
face up to
comes down to
cut back on
came out of

C
1d 2c 3a 4b 5c
D
1came/went
2formed
3fallen
4get
5turning
E
1intolerable
2impoverished/poor
3disregard
4misappropriation
5disreputable
6unlawfully/lawlessly
7fraudulent

8distrustful/mistrustful
Grammar
A
2The plate of canapés was
quickly devoured by the starving
travellers.
4The money was laundered
through a corrupt foreign bank.
5 The streets were lined with
protesters in anticipation of the
prime minister.
6Ninety per cent of the residents
were vaccinated (by medical
workers) in one day.
Sentence 6 does not need
an agent because it can be
assumed that ‘medical workers’
did the vaccinating.
The other sentences cannot be
made into the passive because
the verbs are intransitive.

B
1
2
3
4

treated poorly
generous inundation of

heavy reliance on
feigned ignorance

C
1The grant for the charity is
under review.
2The new nursery is under
construction.
3 The burglar is under arrest.
4 Carol is under suspicion of theft.
5 The fort is under attack.
D
1 have had their homes destroyed
2 has had their farmland stricken
3had a tenth of its buildings
consumed
4had/got a route bulldozed
5were having/getting aid
delivered
6are currently having/getting
their health checked
E
1of the charity have been under
scrutiny
2workers haven’t got the new
school constructed
3had (the) beachgoers running
for
4 is expected to be
5is under occupation

Listening
A
passionate, nuisance, wary,
overrated, strict, feels sorry, ignored,
unaware, appreciates, concern
B
1b 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a 7a 8a
Writing
A
1 I saved
2 solution
3 man's best friend
4 go up in smoke
5 forced to flee
6 animal abuse
The better choices either made
the title personal, used a play on
words, such as a rhyme, or used
more dramatic language to grab the
reader’s attention.

B
Suggested answers:
1Treating animals well shows
that we are kind people and
the opposite shows that we are
uncaring.
2People talk a lot about helping
and making a change, but it’s
what they do that shows who

they really are.
3It’s important to take care of
ourselves and our loved ones,
and in doing that, we can
extend our help to others.
4We can do things today to
shape the future in the way we
want it to be.
C
15; 3; After all, can you imagine
what it would be like having to
leave your home?
21; 2; What would life be like if
nature were completely ruined?
34; 4; How would you like living
in a place as polluted as this?
D
Sample answer:
Giving a best friend a home
Every morning as I leave my house,
I’m greeted by my neighbour’s
adoring cat. She’s allowed to roam
around freely and, like clockwork,
she knows when I’m off for work. I’ve
got two cats of my own who see me
when I wake up, but it’s remarkable
how the cat next door is smart
enough to know my daily schedule.
Isn’t it amazing how intelligent
and loving animals are? They are

all deserving of a home, but sadly
there are many who haven’t got one.
Shouldn’t they have a place to call
their own?
It’s an issue that concerns me deeply,
so I’ve visited my local animal shelter
to see how I can help. There I met
the most wonderful staff who are so
very caring for animals, provide a
safe place for them to stay and do
so on a limited budget. They also
play with and nurture them, but the
goal is to find them a permanent
home.
I’ve decided to assist them however
I can. I urge local shops to put out
small collection jars for stray pets.
I explain that the money goes to
the animal shelter, so that they can
provide better care. I also post
notices on social media to try to get
pets adopted. So far I’ve managed
159


to place three cats and two dogs.
Although my neighbourhood is
largely free of strays, it’s important
to get stray cats and dogs into a
shelter, so that they can get medical

treatment and other basic services.
As the saying goes, ‘Society can be
judged by how it treats animals,’ so
we shouldn’t neglect them, should
we?
Take it from me – it’s a rewarding
experience to help out a pet in
need. With just a little effort, you can
make a difference in the lives of the
most wonderful creatures on Earth –
our best friends!

Unit 4
Reading
A
Suggested answers:
Q1: d; Q2: a, d
B
1c 2d 3b 4b 5b 6a
Vocabulary
A
1lobby
2throng
3dynasty
4flock
5troupe
6diaspora
7pack
8choir
B

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

one-side one-sided
long-gone long-lost
most best
brain-boggling mind-boggling
incorrect wrong
dense thick
quick-lived short-lived
levels degrees

C
1detract
2up
3dominating
4get
5met
6base
7on-and-off
8lose

160

D
1shrinkage
2contradictory
3proximity
4homogenous
5interdependence
6globalisation
7connectivity
8antisocial
E
1c 2a 3c 4b 5d 6b 7d 8b
Grammar
A
1You can check your emails
remotely almost anywhere.
2She couldn’t locate her friend’s
profile on Twitter.
3They should have said thanks
when they left the party.
4He may/might have registered
multiple accounts on the same
site.
5We mustn’t/can’t send texts
while driving a vehicle.
6Hadn’t we better invite the
O’Hares to the wedding?
7I won’t create an online profile
because I prefer anonymity.
B
1can’t have recognised

2needn’t have deleted/didn’t
have to delete
3 shouldn’t have uploaded
4 will spend
5 Can I post
C
1
2
3
4
5

Don’t (you) dare mention
daren’t/doesn’t dare publish
need I say
needn’t apologise
needn’t have bought

D
1b 2c 3b 4c
E
1will
2cannot
3not
4ought
5must
6can
7should/must
8have

Listening
A
Suggested answer:
A piece of factual information that
contradicts or clarifies an opinion or
widely held belief that the speaker
just voiced
B
1c 2b 3d 4a 5b
Writing
A
1b 2c 3d 4a
B
1
A good crowdfunding campaign
takes organisation, and *I would like
to advertise it through social media,
✓ in hopes that more community
members will donate. I would also
like your office to endorse the
campaign publicly, as ✓ that will help
us reach our goals.
2
I am writing in response to the
ban on mobile phone use that the
board has imposed on educational
institutions. ✓ Hindering our ability
to communicate with one another
is a path towards isolation. ✓ What
it achieves is it makes individuals

resent the very place that they are
supposed to learn.
3
Exchanging pleasantries with our
neighbours is about as far as most
people go in getting to know one
another these days. It’s this lack of
contact that I have witnessed in our
neighbourhood, so *I am taking it
upon myself to organise a meet-andgreet at our town hall this coming
Saturday.
4
✓ My main argument against social
media is that ✓ if misused, it can
harm a person’s reputation and
even result in a loss of friends or a
job. Had I known of the dangers, I
might not have opened an account.
As such, *I would like to share my
advice for staying out of harm’s way.
C
1
Suggested answer:
Personally, I protect myself
online simply because posting an
inappropriate comment or photo can
result in a ruined reputation. When


you upload personal details to social

media sites or the internet at large,
you create a permanent record.
Furthermore, it can be accessed by
hackers, causing a threat as regards
privacy issues. Careful consideration
of what we post online is of utmost
importance.
Question answers
A magazine editor; an experience;
Main paragraph 1
2
Suggested answer:
Going forward, what I see is a
community coming together in a
common area enjoying one another’s
company and getting to know one
another better. What this results in
is cooperation, increased interaction
and mutual trust. Having trust in a
community serves as a cornerstone
for sharing ideas and protecting one
another. Were it not for trust, would
communities not struggle to survive?
Question answers:
A council/local government official; a
plan; Main paragraph 3
D
Suggested answer:
To whom it may concern:
I am writing to ask your help in

remodelling a run-down community
theatre. Returning this once-majestic
theatre back to its former state is
a desire expressed by many of our
fellow citizens. I would like to start a
crowdfunding campaign to do that,
and I would like you to come on
board with the project.
Personally, I believe a key aspect
of a strong community is being
able to come together with your
neighbours, help one another in
times of need, share ideas about
cooperation, and build mutual trust.
Remodelling the community theatre
is a terrific way to achieve this, and
giving community members a way
to directly take part is the reason I
would like to use a crowdfunding
campaign to raise money.
Of course, a good crowdfunding
campaign takes organisation. I plan
to create a profile for the theatre,
with photos of how it once was and
ideas for future use. I would like to
advertise the campaign through
social media; what this will achieve is
that more community members will

learn about it and donate. I would

also like your office to endorse the
campaign publicly, as that will help
us go the extra mile in reaching our
goals.
I hope to achieve a fully funded
theatre remodelling from the
campaign and to get the theatre
up and running as soon as possible.
I also hope that the crowdfunding
campaign puts community members
with like-minded ideas in touch
with one another. With your help, I
believe we can make this a reality.
Going forward, what I see is a
community that comes closer
together through shared ideas,
cooperation and increased
interaction. No sooner had I realised
how crowdfunding could make this
happen than I penned this letter to
your office. I look forward to working
with you to help our community
grow.
Yours faithfully,
(Student’s name)

Review 2
Vocabulary
A
1c 2c 3a 4d 5c 6c 7b 8d 9b

10b 11c 12d 13a 14c 15d 16b
17a 18d 19c 20c
Grammar
B
1d 2c 3d 4a 5c 6d 7b 8a 9b
10a 11c 12d 13d 14d 15c 16b
17d 18d 19d 20a
Use of English
C
1c 2a 3c 4c 5a 6d 7b 8d
D
1 will
2 is
3 burying
4 face
5 being
6 better
7 not
8 together
E
1distraction
2analogous
3recreational
4unconsciously
5disregard
6intolerant

7irreparable
8shrinkage
F

1 were under review by the
2he should not/shouldn’t have/
ought not to have yelled
3 show being cancelled
4are getting their house
repainted by the
5would not/wouldn’t dare
mention the incident that
happened
6can’t/cannot/couldn’t/could not
have paid for

Unit 5
Reading
A
Suggested answers:
(text)
permanence, testament to man’s
ability, create something that’s
… opposite, ice hotels, bars and
restaurants, large ice structures such
as these, massive structure, fanfare,
eventually razed, deeper connection,
sliver of what we face in life, latter
is certainly proof that mankind’s
determination knows no boundaries
(missing paragraphs)
takes a bit of letting go, smaller
municipalities, adjacent ice-skating
rink and toboggan slide, that

depressing thought, grandiose as
an entire village, This misfortune,
visitors pay hundreds of euros a
night to stay in, in neighbouring
China, That … cannot be said about
ice sculptures, Designed by Russian
architect
B
1G 2A 3E 4H 5B 6D 7C
Vocabulary
A
1inspiration
2initiative
3ineptness
4criticism
5setback
6prevalence
B
1high
2rude
3mean
4rosy

161


5fast
6rough

5What

6If

C
1in
2up
3caught
4leapt
5In
6corner
7retrospect
8to

C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

D
1throw
2get
3held
4fell
5make
6plucked
7hold

8ahead

D
1could
2aren’t
3must
4will
5might
6won’t

E
1b 2b 3b 4d 5d 6a 7b 8a
Grammar
A
1Unless we learn how to solve
problems, life will be difficult./
Life will be difficult unless we
learn how to solve problems.
2They would survive the night
providing (that) we gave them
shelter./Providing (that) we gave
them shelter, they would survive
the night.
3Given the choice, she would
have studied abroad./She would
have studied abroad given the
choice.
4But for keeping your job, you
would have lost your house./You
would have lost your house but

for keeping your job.
5Supposing the scandal hadn’t
occurred, could John be
president?/Could John be
president supposing the scandal
hadn’t occurred?
6You’ll graduate from university
as/so long as you pass your
exams./As/So long as you pass
your exams, you’ll graduate
from university.
B
1Had
2Were
3But
4Given
162

would not have given
are going to search
had stood
wouldn't have
were sitting
would have cheated
wouldn't be driving
were to go

E
1b 2c 3c 4a 5d 6a 7b 8a
Listening

A
Suggested answers:
particularly impressed, reply,
inspired, conducted, women’s wear
collection, take up, While going to
work, most recent, top influence,
words of his songs
B
1 live performances
2 personal anecdotes
3 ballet dancer
4slabs of meat (in a butcher’s
shop)
5 (graceful) giraffes
6 (mindless) doodles
7subconscious/dreams
8bluegrass
Writing
A
2 and 3 complement each other, 1
contrasts with 2 and 3.
B
1
2
3
4

2&3
1&2
2&3

1&3

C
1S 2E 3R 4S 5E

D
Suggested answer:
How effective are aptitude tests in
judging our skills? Two contrasting
views on the subject are the
usefulness of tests in screening
potential employees, and the flaws
of tests that overlook otherwise
valuable skills and experience.
In some cases, tests can be
valuable. There are companies that
administer aptitude tests to assess
a multitude of skills, such as how
well an employee can demonstrate
leadership, how good they are at
problem solving and how adept
they are at using numbers. This
can give hiring managers an idea
of who to hire and where to put
them. Additionally, these tests are
an inexpensive way of analysing a
person’s skill set. They cannot take
the place of a face-to-face interview
entirely, but they can provide an
extra layer of knowledge about a

candidate’s skills.
On the other hand, it should be
noted that testing does not always
give the most accurate reading of
a person’s abilities. Some people
have test anxiety, which translates
into poorer test performance. Were
they in a comfortable working
environment, one might find that
their skill set outperforms other
candidates with higher test scores.
Also, it is worth bearing in mind
that there may be barriers in the
tests that can be more problematic
for some candidates. An individual
whose language skills are not as
well-honed as a native speaker’s
might do poorly on a test, when the
reality is that their specific skills are
compatible with the company.
All things considered, testing does
provide an insight into a person’s
abilities. We should, however, keep
in mind that it can never reveal the
whole picture.

Unit 6
Reading
A
Students’ own answers

B
1a 2d 3b 4d 5c 6b


Vocabulary
A
1stimulus
2blackmail
3squander
4proxy
5settlement
6misuse
7concessions
8incur
B
1spendthrift
2shady
3 above board
4entitled
5corner
6corrupt
7go
8crack
C
1soar
2abuse
3red
4bribery
5opulent
6bet

7cuts
8tape
D
1line
2of
3side
4egg
5off
6lane
7into
8last
E
1d 2d 3b 4c 5d 6a 7a 8b
Grammar
A
1 was, had
2 situations, circumstances
3 did, would
4 after, until
5 credit, account
6 will, had
7 a, no
8 loses, lost
B
1such
2Such
3So
4So
5so
6such

C
1 would prefer
2 had better
3 it’s time
4 If only
5 would rather
6wish
7 as if
8better
D
1had
2only
3such
4under
5little
6until
7no
8once
E
1would prefer to
2it had such terrible / of such
terrible
3not one (good) reason could
4only after Catherine had finished
eating did she
5No sooner had they got their
lottery winnings
Listening
A

Handling debt, speakers’
experiences, speakers’ feelings
B
1F 2G 3E 4A 5C 6D 7C 8B 9G
10E
Writing
A
1C 2A 3B 4C 5B
B
Prompt 1:
A; underlined key words: Microloans,
very small loans, help families
start small businesses, prospective
merchants, helping hand, beneficial
Phrases:
dreams fulfilled
helping the poor
jumpstart the economy
stepping stone
Prompt 2:
C; underlined key words: non-violent
crimes, go to different, sometimes
nicer, prisons than violent offenders,
Is it important to keep, separate or,
live with other criminals

Phrases:
punishment fits the crime
rehabilitation programme
safety concerns

severity of offence
C
12 21 31 41 52 62
D
Suggested answer:
Prompt 1:
People are sometimes faced with
moral dilemmas at work. They
uncover information that the
company they work for has been
hiding from the public, perhaps to
preserve the company’s image or
perhaps to avoid legal troubles. Not
saying anything makes them guilty,
but betraying their employer could
end their career. While whistleblowers can be beneficial to society,
one can see how they could be
considered traitors to the people
who employed them.
A very beneficial aspect of a
whistle-blower is when they reveal
information that pertains to matters
of public safety. Let’s take into
consideration a car manufacturer
that has been hiding the fact that
its automobiles have been failing
safety standards. They are doing this
in order to avoid having to spend
a huge amount of money to fix a
manufacturing process. But these

cars are going out on the road and a
faulty brake or an explosive electrical
system could kill someone. It is not
hard to see how an employee with
high moral standards could have an
issue with keeping this knowledge a
secret.
On the other hand, an employee
that has signed a confidentiality
agreement with an employer takes it
upon themselves to keep company
secrets just that – a secret. By
violating a contract, they are in a
sense going against their word. It
is damaging to their character and
their careers suffer because other
companies may be wary of hiring
them. Perhaps it could be said that
whatever problems they discovered
within the company should be
handled internally. Of course,
perhaps they attempted that first
and they did not get the outcome
they were looking for.
To conclude, while it may be
163


beneficial for society to come
forward with damaging information

about your employer, there is
very much a risk of being given a
negative label for doing good. It is a
shame, but one must imagine that a
whistle-blower’s positive impact on
society must serve as compensation
for the damage done to their
careers.

can never know what your son
or daughter is going to do with
their finances once they have
their freedom from home. For this
reason, allowing them to use credit
cards during their teenage years
is a practical way for them to get
educated about their use.

Prompt 2:
It goes without saying that teenagers
should learn about managing their
money. We all know that money
does not end with cash; there is
plastic money to be considered as
well. Obviously, there are pitfalls to
avoid when it comes to using credit
cards and perhaps the best way for
teenagers to learn about them is to
use credit cards while they are still
living with their parents.

First of all, a few complicated
things have got to be learnt about
credit cards, such as interest rates,
minimum payments and so forth.
Having a parent around to help
a young person navigate these
features will make them better
equipped at using them. A mum or
dad can explain that the higher the
balance on a card, the more money
that is paid in interest, and it can
be quite high. They can also inform
them of how much they will have to
pay per month based on any given
balance and what happens if they
miss a payment or get so far behind
that the bank will start calling them.
Another reason parental supervision
might be a good idea is due to the
deceptive nature of buying things
with credit cards. It is easy to use
them to pay for things, rather than
forking out the cash. But teenagers
can easily forget that they will have
to pay the balance at the end of the
month or even what that balance
is at any given point in time. They
can run up their accounts quickly
and then be stuck with a bill they
cannot pay. With parents around,

they can ask for help if they get into
trouble. Perhaps making some of the
mistakes early on before it can really
damage their finances is beneficial
as well.
In short, while it might be a good
idea to promote the avoidance
of credit cards altogether, you

Vocabulary
A
1c 2d 3b 4c 5c 6d 7d 8a 9c
10d 11d 12a 13a 14d 15b 16c
17b 18c 19a 20c

164

Review 3

Grammar
B
1b 2b 3d 4a 5d 6c 7c 8b 9b
10d 11c 12c 13b 14d 15d 16d
17b 18c 19d 20a
Use of English
C
1b 2c 3a 4d 5a 6d 7b 8d
D
1inspiration
2motivation

3extravagantly
4miserly
5criticism
6misuse
7undervalued
8powerless
E
1only
2supposing
3rather
4what
5had
6would
7no
8such
F
1but for the coach’s interference,
they would have
2attend the conference providing
(that) the entrance fee
3it’s time (that) Stacy moved
4had better apply today before
it’s too
5were not so/less irritable, he
wouldn’t get
6under no circumstances should
she open

Unit 7
Reading

A
He describes an experience he had
as a child with his dad.
B
1C 2D 3A 4H 5F 6B 7E
Vocabulary
A
1track
2whim
3buzz
4tip
5drain
6eye
B
1invasion
2place
3spelt
4bitter
5phenomenon
6difference
7indulge
8drive
C
1picturesque
2educated
3undesirable
4fearlessness
5graphically
6baggage
7rarity

8provincial
D
1spur
2ear
3upon/across/onto
4on
5sense
6off
7catch
8throw
E
1a 2b 3d 4b 5a 6b 7b 8d
Grammar
A
1 perfectly clean
2 immensely stressed
3 positively glowing
4 annoyingly loud
5 dangerously high
6 unbelievably charming


B
1a 2c 3b 4c 5c 6c
C
1hardly
2virtually
3Barely
4scarcely
5practically

6almost
D
1
2
3
4

puppies alive
fire was ablaze
passengers aboard
patient was aglow

E
1The people responsible for the
damage should/must come
forward.
2Concerned citizens met in the
town hall.
3The damaged goods were
destroyed.
4Belongings damaged by/in the
fire will be/are going to be/have
been/are being replaced.
5Responsible people pay bills on
time.
6Residents concerned about
flooding should/can/could call
this number.
F
1nowhere

2few
3never
4particular
5bit/little
6with/by
7barely
8which
Listening
A
I’ve got a lot on my plate = I’m very
busy at the moment.
B
1a 2b 3c 4c 5c 6a 7b 8c
Writing
A
a -- b2 c -- d1 e2 f -- g-- h1
B
1Making a difference a world
away
For those looking for some
work experience and who
have a desire to go out into

the world, there are few
better opportunities than
to volunteer abroad. It can
provide experience in tackling
real-world problems while
giving individuals a different
perspective on life. It is even

a perfect fit for those who
have amassed a great deal of
experience and knowledge
during their professional lives
and who want communities
in need around the globe to
benefit from this.
2 Know what you are getting into
For some, volunteering abroad
seems like a luxury for the
young and well-off, but many
staffing agencies who find
volunteers for organisations
in host countries stress that
this does not have to be the
case. These agencies can help
individuals find organisations
willing to pay for volunteers
to travel to the host country,
providing they have the right
skill set. They can also drastically
cut down on volunteers’
travel expenses by providing
accommodation. While they do
not offer a stipend, they can
make sure you spend very little
while you are there.
Key points c and f contrast with
the texts.
C

12 21 32 41 52 61
D
Suggested answer:
International volunteering is a
rewarding, beneficial experience,
but to make the best of it, certain
conditions must be met. This
pertains to both the volunteers who
get involved and the organisations
who seek them.
Firstly, most volunteers have
hugely different backgrounds from
the local individuals who run the
organisations in the host country.
As a result, there can be a clash of
cultures between volunteers and
management. There can also be
vast differences in educational levels
between volunteers and local staff.
Volunteers should do their best to
respect the way locals are running
their organisation so as to foster
cooperation and unity for the task at

hand.
By the same token, organisations
should do their best to choose the
right individuals and make sure they
are ready for the job when they
arrive. An organisation tasked with

rebuilding schools might do better
with an international volunteer
who knows how to build things,
as opposed to someone trained in
sustainable agriculture. Additionally,
making sure the volunteer has had
some kind of training about what
the organisation does and what the
volunteer should expect on the job
can go a long way in helping them
to settle into their roles.
In brief, while international
volunteers are a valuable resource
and make positive efforts overall,
volunteers as well as organisations
should ensure that they are the right
fit for the position and that basic
training needs are fulfilled. That way,
both sides are getting as much out
of the experience as possible.

Unit 8
Reading
A
B
1C 2B 3A 4D 5B 6E 7A 8B 9E
10C
Vocabulary
A
1criterion

2curricula
3alumni
4stimuli
5parentheses
6appendix
7phenomena
8indices
9matrices
10bacterium
B
1receptive
2infinite
3intimate
4retentive
5indicative
6argumentative
7inexplicable
8intelligible

165


C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8

sphere, spanned
thesis, theory
syllabus, schedule
analysis, methodology
supplementary, appendix
scholarly, reasoning
academics, formidable
insight, surmise

D
1same
2in
3towards
4up
5by
6on
7hard
8lines
E
1disrespectful
2rationale
3inexplicably
4analytical
5appendices
6receptive
7envision/envisage
8philosophical
Grammar

A
1 cancelling to cancel
2 reading her uncle her uncle to
read
3 that the university the university
that
4 of me me of
5 to build building
6 to rewrite on on rewriting/that
he rewrite
B
1suggested
2offered
3agreed
4encourages/encouraged
5complained
6assured
C
1Bill denied cheating in the
exam.
2Sue congratulated Neil on
graduating.
3They apologised for being late.
4Sean inquired about the
graduate programme.
5Kelly described the events to
Sheila.
6They stated that the funds
would be/were delayed.
166

D
1whether
2his
3denied
4how
5using
6over
7 in enrolling
8if

teacher’s resource pack, 1
multimedia components, 1
disorganised management, 2

E
1c 2b 3c 4c 5c 6d 7a 8a
Listening
A
Gap 1
B
1 education board’s
2articles
3 statistical data
4 failure rates
5 mathematics instructor
6 information transmission
7 updating of
8self-discipline
Writing

A
1R 2E 3F

4R

5E

B
a
Task 1: a superior, a school
administrator
Task 2: a peer group
Task 3: a superior, a school
administrator
b
Task 1:
Components on offer
Quality of materials
Target age range
Task 2:
Activities undertaken
Organisation
Expertise
Task 3:
Test sections
Test task types
Effectiveness
c
reading comprehension, 3
not very knowledgeable, 2

fresh, engaging content, 1
adolescent learners, 1
misplaced candidates, 3
grammar companion, 1

C
The learning content is great
suitable for nursery school children,
as it teaches them basic maths
arithmetic and spelling skills. There
is a mix of sights visual stimuli, such
as pictures with words labelled
photography, and sounds audio
stimuli, such as music that teaches
through words lyrics, which helps all
children.
The learning environment is helpful
constructive, and all of the teachers
care about are sensitive to the
children’s needs. Each child gets
one-on-one time with personal
attention from teachers on a daily
basis and we are proud of ourselves
for pride ourselves on forming
friendships special bonds with
children that make them feel happy
content.
Headings: Learning content,
Learning environment
D

Suggested answer:
Nursery school education
programme
Introduction
The aim of this report is to describe
and evaluate the nursery school
education programme that I teach
at First Steps Day Care, as well as
assess its benefits for parents who
wish to enrol their children and give
a few recommendations.
Learning Content
The programme’s learning content
is suitable for nursery school aged
children, as it teaches them basic
arithmetic and spelling skills as well
as how to recognise basic words.
The programme also meets the
needs of different learning styles
among children. For example, there
is a mix of visual stimuli, such as
labelled photography, and audio
stimuli, such as music that teaches
through lyrics, which helps all
children learn in some way.
Learning environment
The learning environment is friendly
and constructive. All of the teachers,
including myself, are kind and
sensitive to the children. Each child

gets personal attention on a daily
basis and we pride ourselves on
forming special bonds with children


that make them feel comfortable in
this environment.
Activities for children
There are a number of interactive
games the children can play with,
which also double as learning
devices. Children are encouraged
to work together to create things,
which spurs both their creativity
and their teamwork abilities.
Teachers organise several group
activities such as guessing games,
arts and crafts, and basic science
experiments, all of which are both
entertaining and thought-provoking.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would say that it
would be wise of parents to place
their children in day care that
provides a nursery school learning
programme such as the one at First
Steps Day Care. It is recommended
that any working mums and dads
who are in need of day care should
consider a programme like ours.

Not only does it provide a safe
environment for a child, but it also
gives a child a head start in learning.

Review 4
Vocabulary
A
1d 2b 3c 4c 5c 6d 7a 8d 9b
10b 11c 12b 13d 14c 15a 16c
17c 18c 19b 20b
Grammar
B
1c 2d 3c 4b 5c 6a 7c 8b 9b
10b 11d 12b 13c 14a 15c 16c
17b 18c 19d 20d
Use of English
C
1c 2b 3a 4d 5a 6d 7b 8a
D
1spherical
2insight
3inquisitive
4oddities
5deciding
6infinitely
7ominous
8appendices
E
1off
2whim

3not/never
4on

5how
6on
7whether
8no
F
1 there were barely any trees
2materials were given to people
present at the
3warned the employees not to
be/about being
4 was accused of lying to
5 soldiers fought valiantly
6asked Paul whether or not he
was

Unit 9
Reading
A
Questions 2 and 7
B
1b 2d 3a 4b 5a 6c 7a 8d
Vocabulary
A
1landlord
2neutral
3dispense
4autonomous

5references
6orientating
7sublet
8enfranchised
B
1independence
2eviction
3entitlement
4obligatory
5disorientated
6dismissive
7immaturity
8hierarchically
C
1step
2strike
3settle
4stand
5fend
6pull
7lift
8tend
D
1up
2with
3in

4behind
5on
6papers

7off
8from
E
1d 2a 3c 4d 5a 6b 7d 8d
Grammar
A
1what
2 none of whom
3 whose car
4 both of which
B
1All
2 A few
3 A number
4One
C
1participating
2claimed
3suffering
4completed
5lining
D
1 so as to/in order to
2 Even though/Although/Much as
3What with/In view of/Because
of/Due to/Owing to
4so
5 so as not to/in order not to
E
1b 2b 3b 4a 5c 6a

F
1 so as not to make a
2new neighbours, one of whom is
from
3the contractors in order to finish
4having signed the lease, they
were informed of
5man standing on the other side
of the
Listening
A
Question 2
B
1b 2c 3c 4a 5a 6b
Writing
A
1 E, persuasion
2 E, argument
3 A, description
167


4
5
6

A, anecdote
E, analysis
A, narration

B
finding the financial backing: 3, 8
forming partnerships with friends:
1, 5
having a strong character: 2, 7
planning out your business: 4, 6
1D 2D 3N 4N 5N 6D 7D 8A
C
1
2

6, planning out your business
2, having a strong character

D
Suggested answer:
Thinking of starting your
own business? It’s a terrific
accomplishment, and speaking for
myself, it’s something to be proud
of. Here are what I consider the two
most important aspects of starting a
business.
First, it takes a great deal of careful
consideration to get a business up
and running. You have to conjure up
a good idea, if you haven’t already
done so. Is there something you’re
good at making, such as jewellery
or T-shirt designs? In my case it was

the latter and, thankfully, I knew
artists who could draw the designs I
wanted. You also need to consider a
suitable business location that works
for you. Do you picture yourself
selling your arts and crafts at a stand
in a busy commercial area of town
to passers-by? Or do you want to do
what I did and set it up online, with
photos of your work and a smooth,
prompt delivery service? Answering
these questions will go a long way in
helping you plan.
Another important aspect is having
a strong character, in my opinion.
You have to deal with the public,
who can be very inquisitive, friendly
and engaging, but they can also
complain. How you handle them
will be hugely instrumental in the
success – or failure – of your new
enterprise. You’ll also have to be
very responsible; you may have
to burn the midnight oil in the
beginning until you get the hang of
it. I remember once when the server
I use for my business crashed and
I had to scramble to get someone
in to fix it. We were up very late
into the night making sure it was

fully functional and back in service.
168

Personally, I think minor catastrophes
such as this are worth enduring
when you’re doing something as
great as running your own business
successfully.
So these are a few things to consider
when starting your own enterprise –
a challenging yet very fulfilling and
rewarding adventure. Good luck!

Unit 10
Reading
A
Paragraphs A, F and G
B
1F 2E 3G 4C 5H 6B 7D
Vocabulary
A
1b 2a 3c 4c 5b 6a
B
1
2
3
4
5
6

inertia, f
frank, e
forfeiture, d
subscription, c
endorse, b
volume, a

C
1tempts
2sway
3lobby
4account
5toss
6liken
7degree
8pulled
D
1rule
2geared
3win
4wear
5push
6get
7drive
8talk
E
1d 2a 3c 4b 5d 6b 7d 8a
Grammar
A
1 papers, paper

2 room, rooms
3 jams, jam
4 currencies, currency

5
6

grounds, ground
height, heights

B
1none
2else
3little
4any
5everyone
6has
7neither
8another
C
1 one another
2yourself
3themselves
4herself
5ourselves
D
1
2
3
4

5
6

A, –, the, the
the, the, the, –
–, a, a, a
The, –, the, the
One, an, –, the
The, a, –, the

E
1anyone
2those
3ourselves
4everyone
5the
6a
7something
8nowhere
Listening
A
Positive opinions: A, D, G
Negative opinions: B, C, E, F, H
B
1E 2H 3A 4D 5C 6G 7D 8C 9F
10H
Writing
A
1 ✓
2-3 ✓

4-5 ✓
B
1X, The topic in 2 is better for an
analysis, rather than a narrative
element.
2X, The topic in 3 asks how
people in a community are
affected, not the writer.


35
41
C
1 ✓
2-3 ✓
D
Suggested answer:
Many of us have brands that we
know and love; they are tried and
tested, offer consistent quality
and provide comfort in our lives.
Sometimes, though, a person can
fall prey to brand addiction, where
they cannot help but buy certain
brands, and it ends up defining who
they are.
My friend Justin’s problem
epitomises this out-of-control
behaviour and I give you the
following situation as an example.

We are at a gathering with a mix
of well-known friends and casual
acquaintances. I overhear him ask
someone about their clothing label,
to which he says, ‘Oh, I don’t buy
that label. I find the quality isn’t
to my liking.’ Now, in many ways,
Justin is a terrific guy: a very loyal
friend and an intelligent person. But
if he could only hear himself talk. It
was not the friendliest of comments
and it made Justin look as if he had
an inferiority complex. His brand
addiction characterises him as being
narrow-minded, even if that is not
who he really is.
I would also like to point out that
being addicted to certain brands
equates to an unwillingness to try
new things and such an individual
is going to get stuck in their ways
early on in life. Justin’s brand
addiction means he lacks interest
in considering anything outside of
his established catalogue of luxury
brands. Aside from being expensive,
this habit robs an individual of
variety, which as they say is the spice
of life.
Getting over any addiction is

difficult, especially when the
person does not really believe it to
be a problem. But I urge anyone
suffering from brand addiction to
make an attempt to break out of
their comfort zone and challenge
themselves to try new things.

Review 5
Vocabulary
A
1d 2c 3c 4a 5a 6d 7c 8b 9c
10c 11d 12b 13d 14b 15b 16a
17c 18a 19b 20a
Grammar
B
1c 2c 3a 4a 5c 6b 7d 8b 9b
10d 11c 12b 13d 14c 15d 16c
17d 18a 19b 20c
Use of English
C
1b 2c 3a 4c 5a 6b 7c 8d
D
1dismissal
2indispensable
3uncharismatic
4hierarchical
5acquisition
6manipulative
7hypocritical

8obligation
E
1a
2each
3the
4Neither
5what
6in
7themselves
8order
9himself
10so
F
1checked one another’s
2to whom they gave the project
was a
3winning over
4 so as not to get burnt by
5great deal of products were
damaged
6view of his poor performance,
he was laid

Unit 11
Reading
A
Questions 1, 3 and 5

Vocabulary
A

1memoirs
2blackmail
3exile
4credible
5string
6fabled
7hounded
8limelight
9column
10immortal
B
1stalked
2slander
3stardom
4anecdote
5splash
6obscurity
7illustrious
8excerpts
9eminent
10feasible
C
1d 2a 3b 4b 5b 6a
D
1of
2over
3by/to
4on
5in
6at

7of
8in
E
1acclaimed
2notoriously
3international
4correspondents
5illustrious
6conspiracy
7publicity
8infamous
Grammar
A
1 to publish
2editing
3printing
4 to broadcast
5type
6blogging
7writing
8posting

B
1d 2c 3a 4b 5c 6b

169


B
1attending

2read
3asking
4 to hear
5 to discuss
6enter
7 to hire
8building
C
1 to do
2saying
3 to pick
4nagging
5meeting
6pulling
D
1winning
2accounting
3harm
4hoping
5eating
6pleasing
7knowing
8looking
E
1c 2b 3b 4d 5b 6a 7b 8a
Listening
A
Questions 1 and 4
B
1c 2b 3d 4b 5b

Writing
A
Suggested answers:
Film review
captivating/commanding presence,
captivating/commanding/
disappointing/poignant
performance, captivating/
sweeping cinematography,
clichéd/poignant anecdotes,
convoluted/gripping plot/storyline,
gripping direction, gripping/
poignant/romantic tragedy, main
protagonist, underlying theme
Book review
captivating/convoluted/gripping/
poignant/romantic storyline,
clichéd/poignant anecdotes,
gripping/poignant/romantic
tragedy, intended audience, main
protagonist, underlying theme

170

Concert review
captivating/commanding/
disappointing/electrifying
performance, captivating/
commanding/electrifying presence,
electrifying sound, harmonious

melodies
B
Suggested answers:
1 poignant documentary
2 electrifying sound
3 intended audience
4 compelling storyline/plot
5 main protagonist
C
1 Main paragraph 2
2 Main paragraph 3
3Conclusion
4Introduction
5 Main paragraph 1
D
Suggested answer:
Like most people, when I was first
presented with the opportunity to
try sushi, I felt more than a little
uncomfortable. But I’m happy to
say that my curiosity won me over.
Since then, the more I consume it,
the more intrigued I am about its art
form. This compelled me to view a
documentary titled Jiro Dreams of
Sushi, which chronicles the daily life
of an 85-year-old sushi maker still in
search of the perfect sushi.
The star of the poignant
documentary, Jiro Ono, is a

master sushi chef and a complete
perfectionist. His sushi bar is
tucked away in the basement of
a Tokyo high-rise building. Ono’s
establishment has an impeccable
reputation; it’s been awarded the
highest ratings from restaurant
guides and the waiting list for a
table is three months. This is despite
paying around £300 for a mouthwatering plate of food that will
probably take less than ten minutes
to eat.
The documentary is only partly
about the art of sushi making.
What it really offers is a compelling
storyline about a man who
constantly struggles to please his
customers. I enjoyed seeing Jiro be
deeply observant of his patrons and
utterly dedicated to his craft. He

knows where they want to sit based
on whether they are left-handed or
right-handed. It is mesmerising to
watch him instruct his apprentices
in preparing dishes repeatedly until
they get it just right.
Underpinning this documentary is
gripping direction that takes you
on a step-by-step journey of sushi

making. Each introduction about
a sushi-making process is short
and artful, almost like a piece of
sushi. Seldom do you see a style of
filmmaking that embodies a cooking
technique. This is what makes it
worth watching.
If the documentary has any
shortcomings, it’s that – like sushi – it
leaves you wanting more. It is by far
and away the best 80 minutes you
could ever view about this culinary
art form, even if you’re not a fan of
raw fish.

Unit 12
Reading
A
in Text A, next to ‘3,000 BCE’; in
Text B, next to ‘2nd century’; in Text
D, next to ‘3rd millennium BCE’ and
‘8th to 15th centuries’; in Text E,
next to ‘light-years’
B
1D 2B 3A 4D 5A 6E 7C 8D 9A
10B
Vocabulary
A
1reign
2archives

3memorial
4revival
5heirlooms
6legacy
7vestiges
8artefacts
B
1primitively
2observers
3disrespect
4orator
5ancestral
6chronicles
7blurry/blurred
8normalise


C
1closed
2integration
3mannerisms
4insane
5sit
6clash
7irreverent
8dispute
D
1old-time
2deep-rooted
3strongly-held

4middle-aged
5full-length
6ever-present
7light-hearted
8time-honoured
E
1b 2d 3a 4b 5a 6c 7b 8d
Grammar
A
1It was the modern Olympic
Games
2 It was a French educator
3 It was in Athens
4 It was Baron Pierre de Coubertin
5It was at the Panathenaic
Stadium
B
1It was an unknown composer
who wrote the national anthem
of the UK.
2It was 6,000 years ago when the
Phoenicians brought the olive
tree to Spain.
3It was during battle that Joan of
Arc, a heroine of France, died in
Normandy in 1431.
4It wasn’t George Washington
Carver who invented peanut
butter, but rather, the Incas.
5It was a Viking named Lief

Erickson who truly discovered
America, according to some.
C
1All they eat for 40 days is fruit,
vegetables and simple grains./
All they eat is fruit, vegetables
and simple grains for 40 days.
2What we know about the
excavation site is (that) it was
inhabited in 3,150 BC.
3It wasn’t until two weeks later
that the townsfolk finished
celebrating Carnival.

4What they wore was ceremonial
garb as they performed the
ritual./What they wore as
they performed the ritual was
ceremonial garb.
5What the villagers did was
decorate the town square and
clear the main street of cars.
D
1all
2What
3what
4all
5what
6all
7What

8all
E
1was the stupendous finale of
fireworks that scared
2 a kettle does is heat up
3was in the 1950s when Jonas
Salk developed
4that is needed for the invention
to work
5I would never do in an interview
is
Listening
A
dispelling, negating, leave out,
lacking, not, dissimilar; Question 6
B
1a 2c 3b 4c 5c 6a
Writing
A
1
Purpose: to describe ways
tours can offer culture
to tourists
Target reader:your supervisors in a
travel agency
Context:ideas on how to
include culture in
tours and how it will
impact a tourist’s
travel experience

2
Purpose:to provide
information to
museum visitors
Target reader:patrons in a folklore
museum
Context:aspects of the
museum that patrons
will find interesting,
how folklore
traditions influence

life today and why
they should be
preserved
3
Purpose:to describe problems
that minorities face
Target reader:the leader of your
research study on
minority rights
Context:aspects concerning
ways that minorities’
rights are infringed
upon, the importance
of protecting their
rights and their
contribution to
culture diversity
B

1C 2C 3B 4A 5A/B 6A/B/C
C
1A 2B 3C 4B 5B 6 -- 7 -- 8C 9A
10C 11C 12A
D
Suggested answer:
Influential people
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to
describe a historical figure in Greece,
as well as outline the ways that this
person has influenced Greece’s
history and why it is important for
countries to honour great people in
their history.
Description
A ruler of Greece, Asia Minor and
beyond during the 4th century BC,
Alexander the Great is considered
one of the greatest leaders in world
history. Born in Pella, northern
Greece, he was instrumental in
expanding Greek territory and
spreading its culture to other places.
The two qualities that Alexander the
Great is most remembered for are
his performance as a military general
and his love of Greek culture.
Military general
When his father died, Alexander

assumed leadership when he was
just 20. Although trained by fabled
philosopher Aristotle, Alexander
did not always handle others
philosophically. He used force to
unite the Greek territories, which
began to fall apart after news of his
father’s death. Through strategy
and a show of force, he brought
Greece together as one country.
Furthermore, as he pushed into
foreign territory, he never lost a
171


single battle, despite usually being
outnumbered.
Lover of culture
What Alexander is probably best
known for is his desire to spread
Greek culture throughout Asia.
His military campaigns took Greek
forces all the way to India, and along
the way, the people of ancient Persia
and other lands adopted Greek
customs, which became interwoven
with their own. It was Alexander’s
dream that these cultures would
blend with Hellenism.
Conclusion

Looking back at Alexander the
Great’s life, one should pause for
thought at some of his actions,
especially his militaristic ones.
Thankfully, most nations today
spread their cultures through
peaceful means. Still, it is important
to remember the people who
influenced our countries and how
they did so. They give us hope that
we can accomplish great things, no
matter where we come from.

Review 6
Vocabulary
A
1b 2c 3c 4d 5c 6a 7c 8c 9b
10a 11b 12a 13c 14d 15c 16d
17c 18b 19d 20c
Grammar
B
1c 2b 3d 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c 9b
10d 11b 12b 13b 14d 15a 16d
17c 18b 19d 20a
Use of English
C
1c 2d 3b 4c 5d 6d 7a 8c
D
1assumption
2stereotypical

3mannerisms
4insensitivity
5invasively
6notoriety
7diversity
8discretion
E
1at
2to
3no
4what
172

5this
6would
7them
8turning
F
1 no knowing what Michael
2 involves hiring a
3 is in this country where
4 I travel, all I take is
5 was delighted to run into
6couldn’t/wasn’t able to
remember participating