NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12: GIỚI TỪ, CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ, PHRASAL VERB CHỌN LỌC, HOT

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: GIỚI TỪ + CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ
PHẦN 1: GIỚI TỪ
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Giới từ (Preposition) là từ loại chỉ sự liên quan giữa các từ loại trong cụm từ, trong câu.
Những từ thường đi sau giới từ là tân ngữ (Object), Verb + ing, Cụm danh từ...
Eg: Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.
II. CÁC LOẠI GIỚI TỪ
➢ Giời từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, in, before, after, during, by, until/till, since, for,
afterwards,…
➢ Giời từ chỉ nơi chốn: at, in, on, over, above, below, beneath, under,….
➢ Giời từ chỉ sự chuyển dịch: to, into, from, across, through, along, round, around,…
➢ Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with, without, ….
➢ Giới từ chỉ mục đích: to, for…
➢ Giới từ chỉ lý do: at, for, on ….
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian
• at: vào lúc (thường đi với giờ):
Eg: at dawn, at mid night, at 6 o’clock, at the age of 16…..
• on: thường đi với ngày:
Eg: on Monday, on June 1st, on Monday morning
• before:
Before + V.ing
Before + mốc thời gian
Eg: The meal must be done before 7:00 p.m.
I must finish my work before I go home.
• from... to/till/until:
Eg: My mother works from morning till night.
• since + mốc thời gian:
Eg: I have learnt English since I was a four-year-old child.
I have lived here since 1998.
• during + danh từ/cụm danh từ (“During” không đi với mệnh đề):
Eg: during the Middle Ages, during the summer ….

• for + khoảng thời gian:


Eg: Last night, I slept for 3 hours.
• till/until + Mốc thời gian/Mệnh đề:
Eg: I will wait here until 11:30.
• after/afterwards + Mốc thời gian/Mệnh đề:
Eg: I called him and then/afterwards I came to visit him.
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn
• at + địa điểm cụ thể, xác định:
Eg: at school, at work, at the bus stop…
• in:
Eg: in the room, in the forest, in the sky…
• from:
Eg: I’m from Hanoi.
• on, above, over:
Eg: The cat is on the table
They built a new room above the garage.
I put a rug over the sleeping child.
• under, below, beneath:
Eg: Most of the iceberg is under the water.
The standard of his work is well below the average of his class.
As a musician, he is far beneath his brother.
III. PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ DỄ NHẦM LẪN
1. at, in , on:
• at: dùng trước thời gian ngắn: giờ, phút,giây...
Eg: at 6 o’clock, at mid night, at this moment,….
• in: dùng trước thời gian dài: tháng, mùa,năm,...
Eg: in June, in 2016, in Spring…
• on: dùng trước thời gian chỉ: ngày, thứ ngày (trong lịch)

Eg: On Saturday, on this day,….
❖ Phân biệt “On time, in time”:
on time: đúng giờ.
Eg: The 11.45 train left on time.
in time: kịp lúc.


Eg: Will you be home in time for dinner?
❖ In/At the end:
• In the end, …. = Finally:
Eg: He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room.
• At the end/beginning of + sth:
Eg: I’m going away at the end of January.
❖ arrive in/at:
• arrive at: khi nơi chốn nhỏ như sân bay, nhà ga…
Eg: They arrived at the airport at 10.00.
• arrive in: khi nơi chốn lớn như quận, tỉnh, thành phố, nước…
Eg: They arrived in Ha Noi at night.
2. in, into, out of:
• in: dùng chỉ vị trí (địa điểm - không chuyển hướng).
Eg: in the room, in the office,...
• into: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ ngoài vào trong.
Eg: I go into the room.
• out of: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ trong ra ngoài.
Eg: I go out of the room.
3. for, during, since:
• for: dùng để đo khoảng thời gian.
Eg: for two months, for the last few years,…
• during: dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong suốt thời gian của sự vật, sự kiện.
Eg: during the vacation, during the film,…

• since: dùng để đánh dấu thời gian.
Eg: since last Monday, since I was a child,...
4. on, above, up:
• on: dùng chỉ vị trí đứng liền ngay ở trên, chỉ sự tiếp xúc bề mặt.
Eg: on the floor, on the table,…
• above: nghĩa là trên nhưng chỉ sự cao hơn so với vật khác.
Eg: The plane is flying above our heads.
• over: mang nghĩa là trùm lên.
Eg: We put a rug over us.


5. under, below, beneath:
• under: khi vật trực tiếp ở bên dưới, nhất là có dính liền hoặc bị phủ lên.
Eg: Under the table were some wine bottles.
• below: dùng trong câu mang nghĩa thấp hơn trong đo đạc về nhiệt độ, chiều cao,… có
thang
điểm hay cấp bậc.
Eg: This year, the rainfall was slightly below average.
• beneath: dùng nó trong các loại văn có tính trang trọng.
Eg: Coral reefs that lie beneath the waters were a beautiful sight.
6. between, among:
• between: giữa 2 vật.
Eg: I sit between Lan and Huong.
• among: dùng khi không xác định được có bao nhiêu vật.
Eg: He was happy to be among his friends again.
IV. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ SỰ CHUYỂN ĐỘNG
1. To: đến một nơi nào đó.
Eg: I will move to New York next week.
When are you coming back to Ho Chi Minh city?
2. from: từ (xuất phát từ một địa điểm nào đó).

Eg: Where do you come from?
3. away from: chỉ sự di chuyển hướng ra xa.
Eg: When you hear the alarm, run away from the building.
4. across: qua, ngang qua, băng qua.
Eg: He went across the street to buy a box of cigarette.
5. along: dọc theo.
Eg: I walked along the street.
The flowers grow along the side of the wall.
6. through: xuyên qua.
Eg: The sun is shining through the window.
He walked through a wood.
7. into: vào trong.
Eg: I silently walked into the room.


Please throw waste paper into the dustbin.
8. onto: lên trên (bề mặt…).
Eg: The cat jumped onto the table.
Please move these vases onto the kitchen table.
9. up: lên trên (vị trí cao hơn).
Eg: up hill and down dale.
They hiked up the mountain every morning.
10. down: xuống dưới.
Eg: He fell down right on the stage.
11. out of: ra ngoài, ra khỏi.
Eg:

I can’t get this ring out of my finger.
Fish can survive for only a short time out of water.
The bird flew out of the cage.

12. past: quá, qua.
Eg:

He is past fifty.
He ran past the house.

13. off: tách khỏi.
Eg: The cover has come off the book.
She fell off the ladder.
14. toward(s): về phía (chưa tới nơi đến).
Eg: He was running towards us.
They drove towards the German frontier.
❖ Phân biệt across, over & through.
• Across: di chuyển từ bên này sang bên kia của một vật mà có các phía như thành phố,
sông,
đường,…
Eg: We took a boat across the river.
• Through: được dùng để chỉ sự chuyển động trong không gian 3 chiều, hoặc di chuyển từ
chỗ này đến chỗ khác trong một môi trường nào đó được bao quanh: the forest, long glass,
…
Eg: I love walking through the forest.
• Over: bao trùm lên


V. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH
1. for + V-ing/Noun:
Eg: We stopped for a rest.
We use chalk for writing on a blackboard.
2. to = in order to = so as to + V. inf:

Eg:

We use chalk to write on a blackboard.
I went out to/in order to/so as to post a letter.

VI. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN
1. for = because of = owing to + N/V.ing:
Eg:

Aileen is proud of her family for their support.
Thank you for inviting me to your party.

2. through: vì
Eg:

He didn’t pass the exam through his ignorance.
It was through you that we were able to meet again.

VII. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH
1. by: bằng cách.
Eg:

The thief got in by breaking a window.
The streets are lighted by electricity.
He made the cake by hand.

2. in: bằng.
Eg:

This book is written in English.

There is a statue in marble.

3. with: với.
Eg:

They welcome us with smiles.
If loving you with all my heart is crime, then I'm guilty.

4. without: không có.
Eg:

You can’t leave the country without a passport.
He said that he couldn’t live without her.

VIII. MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ KHÁC
1. about:
• Khoảng chừng
Eg: It is about 3 km.


• Về
Eg: What do you think about that?
2. Against:
• Chống lại, trái với
Eg: struggle against,...
• Đụng phải
Eg: He ran against the trunk.
• Dựa vào
Eg: I placed her against the trunk.
• So với

Eg: The class now has 50 students against 40 last years.
• Chuẩn bị, dự trù
Eg: I saved $2,000 against my study next year.
3. of
• Của:
Eg: These are the works of Shakespeare.
• Thuộc:
Eg: We are of the working class.
• Vì:
Eg: My grandfather died of tuberculous.
• (Làm) bằng:
Eg: She has a house of wood.
• Gồm có:
Eg: He is a man of ability.
• Trong:
Eg: One of my friends is a doctor.
4. like: giống
Eg: Don’t talk like that!
He rides a white horse like mine.
5. except: ngoại trừ
Eg: Everyone except me got an invitation.
The restaurent opens every day except Monday.


IX. VỊ TRÍ CỦA GIỚI TỪ
1. Đứng ngay trước danh từ hay Đại từ.
Eg:

He usually visits me on Sundays.
I bought a cake for him.

I gave a book to him.

2. Sau động từ: Có thể liền sau động từ, có thể bị 1 từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới từ.
Eg:

I live in Hanoi.
I write a letter for him.

3. Đứng sau tobe:
Eg:

Jeam is at home right now.
The picture is on the wall.

4. Đứng sau tính từ:
Eg:

I’m interested in reading.
I’m not worried about living in a foreign country.

5. Trong những trường hợp dưới đây (dùng đại từ quan hệ), giới từ có thể đặt trước đại
từ hoặc đặt ở cuối câu:
Eg:

Whom are you talking to? = To whom are you talking?
The man whom you are talking to is my father.
= The man to whom you are talking is my father.

Lưu ý: Vị trí của giới từ trong câu có thể làm thay đổi nghĩa của câu đó.
Eg:

1.

A letter was read from his friend in the class room.
A letter from his friend was read in the class room.

2.

With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning.
With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning.

X. TÍNH TỪ ĐI VỚI GIỚI TỪ
1. Adj + to
• acceptable to: có thể chấp nhận.
Eg: Is this opposal acceptable to you?
• accustomed to: quen.
Hay dùng: get accustomed to.
Eg: I soon got accumtomed to his stange ways.
• agreeable to: có thể đồng ý, thích hợp với.


Eg: He said the terms were not agreeable to him.
• applicable to: có thể ứng dụng.
Eg: “It is not safe to infer that the results of experiments on animals will be applicable to
human beings,” I said.
• appropriate to: thích hợp.
Eg: It's necessary for the homicide to incur a punishment appropriate to his cruelties.
• addicted to st: say mê cái gì, nghiện.
Eg: Children are often addicted to fairy stories.
• bad to st: có hại cho, không tốt cho.

Eg: Staying up late is bad to us.
• contrary to: trái với.
Eg: Contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting.
• clear to: rõ ràng.
Eg: You could see clear to the bottom of the lagoon.
• close to: gần.
Eg: He spent close to 30 years in jail.
• dedicated/devoted to: hiến dâng, tận tụy.
Eg: I am dedicated to making this world a better place.
She is devoted to her job.
• engaged to: đính hôn.
Eg: She was engaged to a lecturer.
• equal to: đủ sức, đủ khả năng.
Eg: I just don't feel equal to the challenge that I'm facing now.
• essential to/for: cần thiết.
Eg: Food is essential to/for life.
• harmful to: có hại.
Eg: Smoking is harmful to health.
• faithful to = loyal to: trung thành.
Eg: He remained faithful to the ideals of the party.
These brave soldiers are always loyal to their ideal.
• grateful/thankful to sb for st: biết ơn ai.
Eg: I'm grateful/thankful to you for all your help.


• important to sb: quan trọng đối với ai.
Eg: It's important to me that you should be there.
• indifferent to: thờ ơ, lãnh đạm.
Eg: The government cannot afford to be indifferent to public opinion.
• kind to sb: tử tế với ai.

Eg: He was very kind to me when the children were ill.
• likely to: có khả năng/có thể thích hợp.
Eg: He is not likely to come now.
• married to: kết hôn.
Eg: Ali is married to Salma.
• necessary to:cần thiết, thiết yếu.
Eg: Sleeping is necessary to health.
• open to: cởi mở.
Eg: The system is open to abuse.
• opposed to: bất đồng.
Eg: He was bitterly opposed to the war.
• polite to: lịch sự.
Eg: You must be more polite to the customers.
• related to: liên quan đến.
Eg: He was related to that crime.
• responsible to sb:chịu trách nhiệm với ai.
Eg: The head of state is responsible to his people and must obey the law.
• similar to: tương tự.
Eg: Your hat is similar to mine.
• sensitive to/about: nhạy cảm.
Eg: She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
• used to: quen với.
Eg: I’m used to getting up early.
2. Adj +of
• afraid of: sợ hãi.
Eg: Are you afraid of snakes?
• ashamed of: xấu hổ, bối rối.


Eg: She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.

• aware of: nhận thức về cái gì >< unaware of.
Eg: He was well aware of the problem.
• capable of: có khả năng về cái gì.
Eg: He is capable of anything if it furthers his ambition.
• careful of/with/about sth: cẩn thận.
Eg: He was very careful of his reputation.
• certain of/about: chắc chắn về cái gì.
Eg: You don’t seem too certain of it.
• characteristic of: đặc trưng cho tính cách của ai đó hoặc của vật nào đó.
Eg: Enthusiasm is characteristic of him.
• conscious of: nhận thức, chú ý đến.
Eg: She's very conscious of the problems involved.
• desirous of: khao khát.
Eg: The Pope was desirous of peace in Europe.
• doubtful of/about: nghi ngờ.
Eg: I was doubtful of my judgement.
• envious of: ghen tị = jealous of.
Eg: He was envious of the local boys who could see her every day.
Other girls were jealous of her good looks.
• fond of: ưa thích.
Eg: I’m fond of cooking.
• frightened of: sợ hãi.
Eg: I’ve always been frightened of snakes.
• full of: đầy.
Eg: The bin needs emptying, it's full of rubbish.
• guilty of: cảm thấy có lỗi, hối lỗi.
Eg: She was guilty of a serious error of judgement.
• hopeful of/about: hi vọng.
Eg: She is hopeful of returning to work soon.
• incapable of: không có khả năng.

Eg: Professors who seem incapable of any original thought.


• innocent of: ngây thơ, vô tội.
Eg: She was found innocent of any crime.
• independent of: độc lập.
Eg: The study is totally independent of central government.
• nervous of/about: lo lắng.
Eg: He’s always been a little nervous of speaking in public.
• proud of: tự hào về.
Eg: They are proud of their daughter.
• respectful of/for: lễ phép, tôn trọng.
Eg: I’m respectful of your opinion.
• be/get + rid of: tống khứ.
Eg: We got rid of all the old furniture.
• sick of: chán ngấy.
Eg: I’m sick of waiting around like this.
• scared of: sợ hãi.
Eg: All small children are scared of ghost.
• sure of: chắc chắn.
Eg: I’m not sure of the results.
• suspicious of/about: nghi ngờ.
Eg: He was suspicious of/about her motives.
• tired of: chán vì cái gì.
Eg: I am tired of studying all the time.
• terrified of: cảm thấy khiếp sợ.
Eg: I'm terrified of spiders.
• typical of: điển hình.
Eg: This meal is typical of local cookery.
• unaware of: không nhận thức được.

Eg: He was unaware of my presence.
3. Adj + for
• anxious for sb about st: lo lắng.
Eg: Parents are naturally anxious for their children.
• appreciated for: được đánh giá cao.


Eg: I was appreciated for my help.
• available: có sẵn, sẵn sàng.
Eg: The Prime Minister was not available for comment.
• bad for st: có hại cho.
Eg: Staying up late is bad for our health.
• convenient for: thuận tiện, thuận lợi.
Eg: Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
• difficult for: khó.
Eg: The questions are too difficult for the children.
• eager for: hào hứng.
Eg: I am eager for my next trip.
• eligible for: đủ điều kiện.
Eg: Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.
• enough for: đủ.
Eg: Have we got enough sandwiches for lunch?
• important for: quan trọng cho.
Eg: Oxygen is important for our lives.
• famous for: nổi tiếng.
Eg: Hanoi is famous for “pho”.
• grateful/thankful for s.th: biết ơn.
Eg:

I was grateful for the light so I could see.

I hold my babies tight and I am thankful for every moment I have with them.

• late for: muộn.
Eg: He was ten minutes late for school.
• necessary for: cần thiết.
Eg: She hasn't the experience necessary for the job.
• perfect for: hoàn hảo.
Eg: It was my favorite little black dress that I thought would be absolutely perfect for my
date with Rick.
• prepared for st: chuẩn bị.
Eg: The troops were being prepared for battle.
• qualified for: đủ điều kiện, đủ khả năng.


Eg: He is qualified for this dangerous mission.
• responsible for st/ving: có trách nhiệm.
Eg: You must be responsible for paying these bills.
• ready for: sẵn sang.
Eg: I’m ready for the exam.
• sorry for st/V.ing: lấy làm tiếc, hối hận.
Eg: Aren't you sorry for what you've done?
• suitable for: thích hợp.
Eg: This programme is not suitable for children.
• sufficent for: đầy đủ.
Eg: He had a small private income which was sufficient for her needs.
4. Adj + at
• amazed/astonished + at/by : ngạc nhiên.
Eg: My parents looked astonished at my news.
• amused at/by: ngạc nhiên, thích thú.
Eg: Everyone is amused at/by the clown’s comic gestures.

• angry at/about st: tức giận.
Eg: I was very angry at how rainy it was.
• annoyed at/about st: bực mình cái gì.
Eg: He was beginning to get very annoyed at/about my carelessness.
• bad at: không giỏi về, dốt.
Eg: I’m bad at Maths.
• clever at: thông minh.
Eg: She's clever at getting what she wants.
• delighted at/by/with: vui vẻ, hài lòng.
Eg: She was delighted by/at the news of the wedding.
• excellent at: xuất sắc.
Eg: My teacher is excellent at English.
• furious at: giận dữ, điên tiết.
Eg: They were furious at not being invited to the party.
• good at: giỏi.
Eg: I’m good at English.


• hopeless at: không còn hy vọng, vô vọng.
Eg:

I'm hopeless at science.
I am hopeless at paying my bills on time.

• lucky at: may mắn cho cái gì.
Eg: I’m lucky at winning this trip.
• proficient in/at: thành thạo.
Eg: I was proficient at my job.
• quick at: nhanh.
Eg: He is quick at solving mathematical problems.

• slow at: chậm.
Eg: She is frequently slow at making up her mind.
• shocked at/by: sốc.
Eg: I was shocked at the news of her death.
• skillful at: khéo tay, tài giỏi.
Eg: He is skillful at inventing excuses.
• surprised at/by: ngạc nhiên.
Eg: We were surprised at your behavior.
5. Adj + with
• acquainted with : quen với cái gì. (Hay dùng: get acquainted with)
Eg: The students are already acquainted with the work of Shakespeare.
• associated with: cộng tác với, liên quan tới.
Eg: He no longer wished to be associated with the party's policy on education.
• annoyed with sb at/about st: khó chịu.
Eg: Kelly was annoyed with him.
• bored with = fed up with: chán.
Eg:

I’m bored with my job.
In the end, I just got fed up with his constant complaining.

• busy with sth/doing st (hoặc busy doing sth).
Eg: Irina and Marcus were busy with preparations for their wedding.
• content with : bằng lòng với cái gì.
Eg: She seemed quite content with her results.
• careful with/about/of sth: cẩn thận.


Eg: Please be careful with my glasses.
• connected with: kết nối với, liên hệ với.

Eg: The fall in retail sales is directly connected with the decline in employment.
• crowded with sth = packed with: đông đúc, đầy.
Eg: a room crowded with books.
• disappointed with/at/by/in: thất vọng.
Eg: I was very disappointed with myself.
• dissatisfied with: không hài lòng.
Eg: He has been very dissatisfied with his life in recent months.
• delighted at/by/with: vui vẻ, hài lòng.
Eg: I was delighted with my presents.
• familiar with: quen thuộc.
Eg: He is familiar with me.
• friendly with: thân thiện.
Eg: I am very friendly with the people.
• generous with: rộng rãi, rộng lượng.
Eg: To be generous with your time.
• gentle with: lịch thiệp.
Eg: He is gentle with women and children.
• involved with: liên quan đến.
Eg: Angela told me she was involved with someone else.
• pleased with: hài lòng với.
Eg: It took a long time to complete the work, but I’m very pleased with the results.
• patient with: nhẫn nại.
Eg: Susan’s very patient with the children.
• popular with: được yêu thích bởi số đông.
Eg: These policies are unlikely to prove popular with middle-class voters.
• satisfied with: hài lòng với.
Eg: He felt satisfied with his job.
• troubled with: bồn chồn, lo lắng.
Eg: Don’t be troubled with that.
• wrong with: sai về.

Eg: There's something wrong with the printer.
6. Adj + in
• disappointed at/by/with/in: thất vọng.
Eg: I'm disappointed in you. I really thought I could trust you!
• experienced in: có kinh nghiệm về cái gì.
Eg: He's very experienced in looking after animals.
• honest in: trung thực.
Eg: Always be honest in whatever you do.
• involved in: liên quan đến; dành nhiều thời gian, sự chú ý.
Eg:

We need to examine all the costs involved in the project first.
I was so involved in my book I didn't hear you knock.

• interested in: quan tâm, thích thú.
Eg: I’m interested in football.
• proficient in/at: thành thạo.
Eg: She felt reasonably proficient in Italian.
• rich in: giàu.
Eg: Many vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins.
• successful in: thành công.
Eg: Finally, they were successful in putting out the fire.
• weak in: kém về.
Eg: He is the student who is weak in algebra.
7. Adj + from
• absent from: vắng mặt.
Eg: Most pupils were absent from school at least once.
• derived from: bắt nguồn từ cái gì.

Eg: In fact the word “fiction” is derived from the Greek “fictus”, which means to shape.
• different from: khác.
Eg: Their tastes are different from mine.
• distinct from: khác biệt.
Eg: Man is distinct from animals.
• free of/from: không chứa hoặc không bị ảnh hưởng bởi thứ gì đó độc hại, không tốt
Eg:

free from difficulty/doubt/fear.


free from artificial colours and flavourings.
• far from: cách xa.
Eg: My house is far from my school.
• isolated from = separate from: tách biệt.
Eg:

He was isolated from all the other prisoners.
Criticism of one can and should be kept entirely separate from the other.

8. Adj + about
• anxious about sth/for sb: lo lắng.
Eg: He seemed anxious about the meeting.
• confused about: bối rối, nhầm lẫn.
Eg: She was utterly confused about what had happened.
• careful with/about/of sth: cẩn thận.
Eg: I’m very careful about washing my hands before eating.
• concerned about sth: quan tâm về cái gì.
Eg: The President is deeply concerned about this issue.
• crazy about: điên cuồng vì cái gì.

Eg: It’s pretty obvious he’s crazy about you.
• certain about/of: chắc chắn về cái gì.
Eg: You don’t seem too certain about it.
• curious about: tò mò, hiếu kỳ.
Eg: She was curious about what had happened.
• doubtful about: hoài nghi, không chắc chắn.
Eg: Rosy was doubtful about the whole idea.
• excited about: có hứng thú với.
Eg: I’m very excited about the news.
• enthusiastic about: hứng thú.
Eg: You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
• glad about: vui mừng.
Eg: She wasn’t going to leave, and he was glad about that.
• happy about/with: hạnh phúc, hài lòng.
Eg: If there's anything you're not happy about, come and ask.
• hopeful of/about: hi vọng.


Eg: He is not very hopeful about the outcome of the interview.
• nervous of/about: lo lắng.
Eg: She was nervous about walking home so late.
• optimistic about: lạc quan >< pessimistic: bi quan
Eg:

Peter is not optimstic about the outcome.
Doctors are pessimistic about his chances of making a full recovery.

• serious about: nghiêm trọng, nghiêm túc.
Eg: I’m serious about my work.
• suspicious of/about: nghi ngờ.

Eg: I'm always suspicious about his kindness.
• upset about: buồn về.
Eg: I was upset about losing my money.
• worried about: lo lắng.
Eg: He is always worried about his wife.
9. Adj + on
• based on: dựa trên cái gì.
Eg: This novel is based on a real story.
• dependent on: phụ thuộc vào, dựa vào..
Eg: Success is dependent on how hard you work
• keen on: thích thú.
Eg: The kids are mad keen on computer games at the moment.
X. DANH TỪ ĐI VỚI GIỚI TỪ - GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU DANH TỪ
1. N + to
• according to: theo.
Eg: According to the archives, he was born in Paris.
• attention to: quan tâm, chú ý. Hay dùng: pay attention to
Eg: I pay attention to the details.
• attitude to/toward: thái độ.
Eg: He has a very bad attitude to/towards work.
• answer to: câu trả lời.
Eg: The minister promised to give a written answer to the MP's detailed question.
• cruelty to: độc ác.


Eg: The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.
• contributon to: đóng góp. (Hay dùng: made a contribution to)
Eg: This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
• admission to: quyền được.
Eg: Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only.

• contrary to: trái với.
Eg: Contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting.
• devotion to: cống hiến.
Eg: She will be remembered for her selfless devotion to the cause.
• addiction to: thói nghiện cái gì.
Eg: I have an addiction to mystery stories.
• damage to: thiệt hại. (Hay dùng: do/cause damage to sth)
Eg: Recent discoveries about corruption have done serious damage to the company's
reputation.
• invitation to: lời mời.
Eg: Thanks for the invitation to your birthday party.
• key to: giải pháp.
Eg: See the key to test 3 on page 176.
• reaction to: phản ứng.
Eg: Reactions to the proposal so far have been adverse.
• reply to: đáp lại.
Eg: There were very few replies to our advertisement.
• thanks to: nhờ có.
Eg: Thanks to my friends helped me with the exam, I passed it.
• owing to: nhờ có.
Eg: The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of interest.
• with a view to: với mục đích gì.
Eg: These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits.
• appeal to: lời kêu gọi ai.
Eg: The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
• guide to: sách hướng dẫn cái gì.
Eg: He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome.


• introduction to: sự giới thiệu ai.

Eg: That trip was my introduction to winter sports.
• clue to: đầu mối, manh mối.
Eg: The police found a vital clue to the girl's disappearance in a wooded area near her
home.
2. N + for
• a cheque for + số tiền:
Eg: I wrote him a cheque for £50.
• demand for: nhu cầu.
Eg: There was little demand for tickets.
• need for: nhu cầu.
Eg: There's a growing need for cheap housing in the larger cities.
• dislike for: ghét.
Eg: I have a strong dislike for this movie.
• reason for: lý do.
Eg: Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution.
• passion/love for: niềm say mê.
Eg: Anton has a consuming passion for science fiction.
• Ddesire for: sự mong muốn, khao khát gì.
Eg: There is a strong desire for peace among the people.
• estimate for: bản dự tính.
Eg: We'll accept the lowest of three estimates for the building work.
• incentive for: phạt.
Eg: There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport
remains so expensive.
• inspiration for: niềm say mê.
Eg: The golden autumn light provided the inspiration for the painting.
• request for: yêu cầu về việc gì.
Eg: They received hundreds of requests for more information.
• room for: chỗ trống.
Eg: Is there enough room for me in the car?

• thirst for: sự khao khát.


Eg: He's always had a thirst for adventure.
3. N + in
• an increase in: tăng.
Eg: Any increase in production would be helpful.
• rise in: được đánh giá cao.
Eg: The rise in house prices him to sell his house for a large profit.
• a fall/drop/decrease: giảm.
Eg: There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors.
• advance in: sự phát triển.
Eg: Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured.
• delight in = Pleasure of: vui thích.
Eg: He seems to take great delight in teasing his sister.
• confidence in: sự tin tưởng.
Eg: I have complete confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job.
• faith in: sự tin tưởng.
Eg: All her life she had implicit faith in socialism.
• interest in: sự quan tâm.
Eg: I've always had an interest in astronomy.
• revolution in: cuộc cách mạng.
Eg: Penicillin produced a revolution in medicine.
• specialist in: chuyên gia.
Eg: She's a specialist in childhood illnesses.
• trade in: sự buôn bán.
Eg: There's a flourishing trade in second-hand video machines.
• Trust in: sự tin cậy, tin tưởng.
Eg: Sometimes you have to trust in the goodness of human nature.
• delay in: sự trì hoàn cái gì.

Eg: There has been a delay in the book's publication.
• truth in: tính xác thực.
Eg: There is no truth in the reports of his resignation.
4. N + of
• cause of: nguyên nhân.


Eg: Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay.
• picture of: tranh.
Eg: Freddy drew/painted a picture of my dog.
• photograph of: ảnh.
Eg: A photograph of her daughter was prominently displayed on her desk.
• danger of: nguy hiểm.
Eg: If there's any danger of seeing Gary at the party, I'm not going.
• a number of: số lượng.
Eg: A large number of invitations have been sent.
• a lot of: nhiều.
Eg: There were a lot of people there .
• as a result of: là kết quả của.
Eg: 750 manual workers will lose their jobs as a result of company cutback.
• for fear of: sợ.
Eg: I didn't want to move for fear of waking her up.
• in the middle of: ở giữa.
Eg: When she called, I was in the middle of making dinner.
• on behalf of: thay mặt.
Eg: He gave what amounted to an apology on behalf of his company.
5. N + between…/with….
• a relationship/a connection/contact with…:
Eg: Do you have a good relationship with your parent?
The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery.

• Nhưng: a relationship/a connection/a different between two things or people
Eg: There are some differences between British and American English.
GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ
1. By + N
• by heart: học thuộc lòng.
Eg: My father can still recite the poems he learned by heart at school.
• by chance: tình cờ.
Eg: I got this job completely by chance.
• by mistake: nhầm.


Eg: I've paid this bill twice by mistake.
• by air: đường hàng không.
Eg: I don't travel much by air.
• by accident: tình cờ.
Eg: I deleted the file by accident.
• by cheque: bằng séc.
Eg: I don't have any cash on me, so could I pay by cheque?
• by all means: bằng mọi cách.
Ex:

"May I borrow this book?"
"By all means”.

• by the way: nhân tiện.
Eg: I think we've discussed everything we need to - by the way, what time is it?
2. In+N
• in fact: thực tế.
Eg: He was in fact near death by the time they reached him.
• in general: nhìn chung.

Eg: In general, men are taller than women.
• in charge of: chịu trách nhiệm.
Eg: The teacher put me in charge of organizing the project.
• in cash: bằng tiền mặt.
Eg: Will you pay by credit card or in cash?
• in public: công chúng.
Eg: I'd never behave like that in public.
• in advance: đặt trước.
Eg: If you're going to come, please let me know in advance.
• in addition to: thêm vào.
Eg: In addition to his apartment in Manhattan, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in
Scotland.
• in debt: nợ nần.
Eg: The company is deep in debt.
• in good/bad condition: ngắn nắp/không ngăn nắp.
Eg: The arms, eight muskets, and as many horse-pistols, were in good condition, and all


loaded.
• in person: trực tiếp.
Eg: All the famous movie stars were there in person.
• in my opinion: theo tôi.
Eg: In my opinion, that is a very ugly picture.
• in trouble/difficulties: khó khăn.
Eg: She'll be in big trouble if she scratches Sam's car.
• in vain: vô ích.
Eg: I tried in vain to start a conservation.
• in other words: nói cách khác.
Eg: He was economical with the truth - in other words, he was lying.
• in danger of: có nguy cơ.

Eg: If he carries on like this he's in danger of losing his job.
3. On + N
• on fire: lửa
Eg: If your home was on fire and you could save only one thing, what would it be?
• on strike: đình công.
Eg: The city's bus drivers have been on strike for three weeks.
• on holiday: nghỉ.
Eg: Patricia is on holiday next week.
• on time: đúng giờ.
Eg: The 11.45 train left on time.
• on credit: tín dụng.
Eg: They decided to buy the car on credit.
• on purpose: cố tình.
Ex: I didn't do it on purpose - It was an accident.
• on condition that: với điều kiện là.
Eg: I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
• on average: trung bình.
Eg: My income's rather variable, but I earn £175 a day on average.
• on the whole: nói chung.
Eg: We have our bad times but on the whole we're fairly happy.