NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12: TỔNG HỢP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CHỌN LỌC, FREE

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
➢ Cấu trúc
If clause,
Simple present

Main clause
Simple future

Eg: If he runs, he will get there on time.
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
➢ Dạng đặc biệt, biến thể:
If clause,

Simple present

Main clause
May/might
Can/may
Must/should

Present

Simple future

continuous

Use
Khả năng

Example
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may

Cho phép

be diverted.
If you finish your homework, you

Khuyên bảo

can go out.
If you want to lose weight, you must

Nhấn mạnh

eat less bread.
If you are looking for Peter, you will

hành động

find him upstairs.

đang diễn ra
Present Perfect

Simple future

ở hiện tại
Nhấn mạnh

If you have finished, you may go

May/might

hành động đã

out.

kết thúc/hoàn
thành trước
một hành
động khác
❖ Câu điều kiện loại 0: dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa
học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định.
If clause,
Simple present

Main clause
Simple present

Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water.
If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up.
If he comes, call me. = Call me if he comes.


II. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở hiện tại.
If clause,
Simple past

Main clause
Would + inf

(be → were)
Eg: Fact: I don’t have a map (HT) → If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police.
If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you).
If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work. (I don’t live near my office)
➢ Lưu ý:
• Chúng ta có thể thay “would” bằng “could, should, may, might…..”
• If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.
= If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.
• Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 2:
Eg:

- If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.
= Were I to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.
- If I were you, I’d plant around the house. (= You had better/should plant around the

house).
= Were I you, I’d plant around the house.
= If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house.
III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3
Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở quá khứ.
If clause,
Past perfect,

Main clause
would/could/might/should +
have + V3

Eg: Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize.
→ If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.
If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam.
Lưu ý:
1. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:
- If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.


→ Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.
- If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam.
→ Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam.
2. Câu điều kiện trộn
If clause,
Past Perfect (III)

Main clause
Would + inf (II)

Example
If I had caught that plane

(Thường có trạng từ chỉ thời last night, I would be dead
gian: now, ….)

now.
If he had taken my advice,

Simple Past (II)

he would be rich now
would/could/might/should + If I knew she was short of
have + V3 (III)

money, I should have lent
her more.
If I knew my mother was
coming to see me, I’d have
prepared more food

MỘT SỐ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ẨN
1. OTHERWISE: NẾU KHÔNG THÌ (II, III)
My farther pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be here. (II)
= If my father didn’t pay the fee, I wouldn’t be here.
My teacher helped me. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. (III)
2. WITHOUT
If it were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II).
→ Without the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II).
If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
→ Without his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
3. Đảo ngữ của IF IT WEREN’T FOR = WERE IT NOT FOR (II)
Were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II).
4. Đảo ngữ của IF HADN’T BEEN FOR + HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR (III)
Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
5. BUT FOR = WITHOUT
But for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II).


But for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. (III)

6. UNLESS + CLAUSE = IF NOT = TRỪ KHI, NẾU KHÔNG
Don’t call me unless you need help. (I)
= If you don’t need help, don’t call me.
7. Provided that/supposing that = if (I, II) = Nếu như, cho rằng là.
Provided that it is sunny, shall we go out.
8. AS LONG AS/SO LONG AS: miễn là, với điều kiện là
I’ll lend you some money as long as you pay me back by Friday.
9. EVEN IF: ngay cả nếu
Even if you give me money, I won’t come tto that party.
You must go even if you are ready.
10. ONLY IF: Chỉ nếu
I will let you go out only if you have finished your homework.
11. WHETHER….OR NOT = IF….OR = liệu... hay không
You must go whether you are ready or not.
12. WONDER IF: phân vân liệu...
I wonder if he loves me (or not).
13. IF ONLY = I WISH + CLAUSE = giá mà
14. OR/OR ELSE = nếu không thì...
Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school.
= Hurry up! If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school.
15. IN CASE + CLAUSE: phòng khi
IN CASE OF + NOUN: trong trường hợp
Bring umbrella in case it rains
In case of emergency, call 115.