NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12: ĐẢO NGỮ CHỌN LỌC, HOT, FREE

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: ĐẢO NGỮ
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Câu đảo ngữ là một câu trần thuật bình thường nhưng đảo trợ động từ hoặc động từ lên
trước chủ ngữ.
Eg: Seldom do I listen to Rock music.
❖ Một số loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh thường gặp:
• too/so
Eg: He is tall → I am, too = So am I.
• Either/neither:
Eg: He isn’t tall→ I am not, either = Neither am I.
• Nor = neither:
Eg:

I don’t like him → Nor do I = Neither do I.
I don’t like him, nor do I hate him.

II. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO/NOT

Eg:

No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf).
Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf).
I won’t lend you any money from now on.
=> Not any/No money will I lend you from now on.
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.

III. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG NGỮ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Các trạng từ phủ định dùng trong câu đảo ngữ: never, rarely, seldom, little, hardly ever.
• Rarely:
Eg: I have rarely seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
=> Rarely have I seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.

• Seldom:
Eg: I seldom go to school late.
=> Seldom do I go to school late.
• Hardly ever:
Eg: He hardly ever speaks in the public.
=> Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
• Never:
Eg: She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life.
=> Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture.


This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film.
=> Never before have I seen such an interesting film.
IV. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ONLY
• Only once:
Eg: Only once have I met her.
• Only later:
Eg: Only a week later did we realize what had happened.
• Only in this/that way: Chỉ bằng cách này
Ex: Only in this way can we succeed.
• Only then:
Eg: Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home.
• Only when + clause, (inv):
Eg: Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home.
• Only if + clause:
Eg: Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
• Only after + Noun/V-ing/clause:
Eg: Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave.
Only after posting the letter, did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
• Only by + noun/V-ing:

Eg: Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
• Only with + Noun:
Eg: Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi.
• Only in + adverb of time/place:
Eg: Only in April is there this kind of flower.
V. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ “NO”
• At no time:
Eg: The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
=> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
He never suspected that she was a witch.
=> At no time did he suspect that she was a witch.
• On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
Eg: You mustn’t touch the switch on any account.


=> On no account must you touch the switch.
• On no condition:
Eg: On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
• Under/In no circumstances:
Eg: The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.
=> Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
• For no reason:
Eg: For no reason must you play truant.
• In no way: Không sao có thể
Eg: The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
=> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property.
• No longer:
Eg: He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
=> No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
• By no means: Hoàn toàn không

=> By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
VI. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NO SOONER…THAN;
HARDLY/BARELY/SCARCELY…THAN”: vừa mới …. thì
No sooner + had + S + V3 + than + clause (Vqk)
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + had + S + V3 + when + clause (Vqk)
Eg:
1. I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.
=> No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
2. I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang.
=> Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
3. She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
=> No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents.
4. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
=> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
VII. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOT UNTIL”: chỉ khi, cho tới khi
Not until/till (then/later)
Not until/till
Eg: He couldn’t speak until he was 8
=> Not until he was 8, could he speak

+ Clause + Au + S + V


= It was not until he was 8 that he could speak.
VIII. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO”: không những … mà còn
Not only + Au + S+ V, but….also…
Not only + tobe + S + N/adj, but…also
Eg: He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well.
=> Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well.
IX. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOWHERE”: không đâu cả

Nowhere + Auxi + S + V
Eg: You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones.
=> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones.
- Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
X. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SO/SUCH
1. Đảo ngữ với So
So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause
Eg: He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
=> So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch.
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
=> So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
2. Đảo ngữ với Such:
Such + Be + Noun + that + clause
Eg: She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her.
=> Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her.Her grief is so great that she almost
fainted.
=> Such is her grief that she almost fainted.
XI. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I.
Ifc+ S + (should)+ V, S + will + V.inf
=> Should + S + V.inf, S + will + V.inf
Eg: If he comes, I’ll call the police.
=> Should he come, I’ll call the police.
2. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II
• Câu có động từ tobe:


If S + were + …, S + would + V.inf
=> Were + S + …, S+ would + V.inf
Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

=> Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
• Câu dùng động từ thường:
If S + V.ed, S + would + V.inf
=> Were + S + to V.inf, S+ would + V.inf
Eg: If I knew Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando.
=> Were I to know Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando.
3. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại III
If + S + had P2, S + would have V3
=> Had + S + P2, S + would have V3
Eg: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
=> Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
Lưu ý: Với những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ.
Eg: If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
XI. ĐẢO NGỮ SAU CÁC CỤM TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG VÀ VỊ TRI
Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì
nội
động từ thường được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ. Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trong
văn phong trang trọng hoặc văn chương.
(Place) + V + S
Eg:

Here comes the train.
Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin.
On the table sat the cat.
Up went the price.
In an armchair sat his mother.

Lưu ý:
• Động từ TOBE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các

động từ chuyển động như “climb, come, fly, go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand...”


• Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản.
• Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng trực
tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ ngữ.
• Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.